Production and use of fuel ethanol in Brazil - BAFF

exported by sugar and ethanol plants in the future (thereby improving the current
processes). One of the main advantages to using the bagasse is that it does not result
in emissions of sulphur compounds (SOx) in the atmosphere.
In order to regulate the emission of atmospheric pollutants from industrial sources,
the National Environment Council has passed CONAMA Resolution no. 382/2006.
Concerning emissions from boilers where sugar-cane bagasse is burned to generate
thermal energy, it sets limits on the emission of particulate matter and nitrogen
oxides. These requirements apply nationwide, but the Resolution provides that the
state agencies may apply more restrictive limits, where necessary.
Nominal Thermal Power (MW) PM (1) NOx (1)
Less than 10 280 N.A.
Between 10 and 75 230 350
More than 75 200 350
B. Sugar-cane and ethanol production: environmental aspects
(As NO 2 )
(1) Results shall be expressed as concentration in mg/Nm³, dry basis and 8 percent excess
oxygen.
N.A. - Not Applicable
B2.7.
What are the regulations for the use of water
in the industrial processing of sugar-cane into
ethanol and sugar?
The sugar-cane industry in the Center-South region of Brazil displays an extremely
low mean consumption of water per ton of sugar-cane produced and processed
(compared to other regions around the world). Practically all industrial systems are
closed, with a high recycling level. In agriculture, sugar-cane crops are not irrigated
(almost all of the water they use is rain water) (see item B3.1).
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