Production and use of fuel ethanol in Brazil - BAFF

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A2.7 What rules were set up for the transportation, marketing
and storage of the ethanol used as a fuel? ................................. 23
A2.8 When, how and why did the State withdraw from the
sugar-cane agribusiness activities in Brazil? ................................ 24
A2.9 What is Brazil’s current regime for the production and
use of sugar-cane, sugar and ethanol? ........................................ 24
A2.10 Is the current regime for sugar-cane, sugar and ethanol
compatible with the regulations of the World Trade
Organization (WTO), particularly as to the rules that
inhibit unfair trade practices, such as subsidies, dumping
and others? ................................................................................ 25
A2.11 Has Brazil ever been accused of unfair trade practices
in the case of ethanol? ............................................................... 29
A3. Institutional and tax-related aspects of ethanol
production and use .............................................. 30
A3.1 Is the establishment of a sugar or ethanol plant in
Brazil conditional upon specific authorization by any
governmental agency? Is there any State interference
with or intervention in the production of sugar or ethanol? ..... 30
A3.2 Are there any restrictions on foreign capital investments
in Brazil’s sugar and ethanol industry? ....................................... 30
A3.3 Are there any State regulations for the ethanol used
as a fuel? ..................................................................................... 31
A3.4 What is the taxation line on the hydrous ethanol and
anhydrous ethanol that are used as fuels in Brazil’s
domestic market? ...................................................................... 32
A4. Institutional and economic aspects of
sugar-cane growing ............................................. 34
A4.1 What is the sugar-cane crop period in Brazil’s
Center-South region? ................................................................ 34
A4.2 Who are the owners of the lands where sugar-cane
is grown? .................................................................................... 35
A4.3 What is the current cropped area of sugar-cane for
sugar and ethanol production? ................................................... 35
A4.4 What are the products obtained from sugar-cane? .................... 35
A4.5 How is sugar-cane paid for in São Paulo State? .......................... 36