Alien Species.vp - IUCN

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Contents Putting people first in an invasive alien clearing programme: Working For Water Programme – are we succeeding? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Simone Noemdoe A case study of human dimensions in invasion and control of alien plants in the personnel villages of Kruger National Park . . . . . . . . . . 127 Llewellyn C. Foxcroft Human dimensions of invasive alien species in Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Buddhi Marambe, Channa Bambaradeniya, D.K. Pushpa Kumara, and Nirmalie Pallewatta THE SPECIAL ROLE OF HORTICULTURE The human dimensions of invasive woody plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Pierre Binggeli Horticultural introductions of invasive plant species: a North American perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Sarah Hayden Reichard and Peter White The understorey of human dimensions in biological invasions . . . . . . . . . . . 171 George W. Staples PLANNING FUTURE RESPONSES Human dimensions of invasive alien species in philosophical perspective: towards an ethic of conceptual responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Johan Hattingh Scenario planning: understanding and managing biological invasions in South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 R. Arthur Chapman, David C. Le Maitre, and David M. Richardson Perception and “human nature” as factors in invasive alien species issues: a workshop wrap-up on problems and solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Maj de Poorter References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 List of workshop participants and contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 vi
Preface Expanding international trade is moving ever more organisms more rapidly around the world, thereby increasing the threat that some of these species could be harmful to native ecosystems and human economic interests. So many goods are moving so quickly that government efforts to prevent unwanted invasions are being overwhelmed. In response to these concerns, the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) was developed beginning in January 1996. Formally established in 1997, GISP is operated by a consortium of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), CABInternational (CABI), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). GISP is a component of DIVERSITAS, an international programme on biodiversity science. The goal of GISP is to enable governments and other organizations to use the best practices available to control Invasive Alien Species (IAS) and to promote the development of additional tools and strategies needed to improve global management of IAS. With funding from many sources, GISP seeks to improve the scientific basis for decision making on invasive species; develop capacities to employ early warning, rapid assessment and response systems; enhance the ability to manage invasives; reduce the economic impacts of invasives and control methods; develop better risk assessment methods; and strengthen international agreements. GISP strives to develop public education about invasive species, improve understanding of the ecology of invasives, examine legal and institutional frameworks for controlling invasives, develop new codes of conduct for the movement of species, and develop new tools for quantifying the impact of invasives. GISP’s work involves dozens of scientists, lawyers, and resource managers from all parts of the world. More information about GISP can be found at its Website: http://jasper.stanford.edu/gisp. GISP recognizes that it is dealing with dynamic ecosystems; it does not advocate attempts to “freeze” any particular ecosystem in an imagined pristine state. Rather, it realizes that active management of human effects on ecosystems is required in a time of increasing human impact. This book is one product of Phase I of GISP and is designed to explore some of the human dimensions of the problem of invasive alien species. As part of the GISP Programme, a workshop on these human dimensions was held in Cape Town, South Africa on 15 to 17 September. The overall management of the GISP process was in the capable hands of Professor Harold Mooney of Stanford University, with very able support from Laurie Neville. Veronique Plocq-Fichelet provided steadfast support from ICSU- SCOPE in Paris. The workshop would not have been possible without the support of Jamie Reaser, from the US Department of State. The US Department of State provided the main financial support to enable the workshop to be held, while the Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) provided additional financial support. At the Cape Town workshop, Guy Preston of the Working for Water Programme was responsible for making the workshop facilities available and providing very considerable logistics support. Karoline Hanks, Gadija Williams, Dumi Magadlela and Simone Noemdoe, from the Working for Water Programme, played essential roles in making the Cape Town workshop a success. Phyllis Windle kindly acted as rapporteur and synthesizer at the Cape Town workshop. We are all very grateful as well to Brian Huntley for his outstanding hospitality at Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden in Cape Town. The production of these proceedings depended very much on Sue Rallo, who was responsible for managing the production process and handling all correspondence. I received useful comments from Channa Bambaradeniya, Pierre Binggeli, Maj de Poorter, Llewellyn Foxcroft, Piero Genovesi, Johan Hattingh, Peter Jenkins, David Le Maitre, Tim Low, Dick Mack, Jamie Reaser, Dave Richardson, George Staples, Mark Williamson and Phyllis Windle. Pierre 1
Page 1 and 2: IUCN Biodiversity Policy Coordinati
Page 3 and 4: The Great Reshuffling Human Dimensi
Page 5: Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: Definitions of key terms Alien spec
Page 11 and 12: An introduction to human dimensions
Page 13 and 14: abundant and many others that will
Page 15 and 16: lizards were not well adapted to su
Page 17 and 18: migrations (Veitch and Clout, this
Page 19 and 20: At least some invasive species of p
Page 21 and 22: American West, despite the powerful
Page 23 and 24: lines are established by the way pe
Page 25 and 26: ■ Identifying measures that work
Page 27 and 28: Human Perceptions
Page 29 and 30: Richard N. Mack preferences for foo
Page 31 and 32: Richard N. Mack acceptance of a foo
Page 33 and 34: Richard N. Mack The authorities soo
Page 35 and 36: Richard N. Mack overt expressions o
Page 37 and 38: Richard N. Mack Veitch firms in Bri
Page 39 and 40: Richard N. Mack Conclusions Humans
Page 41 and 42: Tim Low contributed to Krakatau’s
Page 43 and 44: Tim Low in Florida and Hawaii espec
Page 45 and 46: Tim Low As Horsman and Marshall (19
Page 47 and 48: Tim Low machines) might be recognis
Page 49 and 50: Vivian Parker managers, relying upo
Page 51 and 52: Vivian Parker is evident that prior
Page 53 and 54: Vivian Parker natural areas as if t
Page 55 and 56: Vivian Parker Evolutionary theory c
Page 57 and 58:
Vivian Parker ecosystem (Cole, 1985
Page 59 and 60:
Vivian Parker listening to the Eart
Page 61 and 62:
Richard J. Blaustein and Southern p
Page 63 and 64:
Richard J. Blaustein Southeast serv
Page 65 and 66:
Richard J. Blaustein Kudzu’s inte
Page 67 and 68:
Richard J. Blaustein no measures ag
Page 69 and 70:
C.R. Veitch and M.N. Clout As a res
Page 71 and 72:
C.R. Veitch and M.N. Clout Crop, li
Page 73 and 74:
C.R. Veitch and M.N. Clout carcasse
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C.R. Veitch and M.N. Clout to New Z
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Economic Issues
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Montserrat Vilà and Jordi Pujadas
Page 81 and 82:
Who should pay? Economic dimensions
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States. Alternatives will be diffic
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■ Category 1 - Intentional Introd
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appropriate international fund. In
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Invasive alien species prevention a
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Identity Our identity is who we per
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Belief Structure A belief is “con
Page 95 and 96:
“This IAS could cause severe impa
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Example A Interviewer “Why did yo
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The process of changing belief The
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Table 4 Neuro-Logical Levels at whi
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policy maker must respond to the cr
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Dealing with the human dimensions o
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3. Day to day decisions may be assi
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The type of effects which are relev
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New Zealand legislation also genera
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Piero Genovesi and Sandro Bertolino
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Putting people first in a invasive
Page 121 and 122:
Transformation and Empowerment Empo
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Bureaucratic institutional systems
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Llewellyn C. Foxcroft Fig. 1 Kruger
Page 127 and 128:
Llewellyn C. Foxcroft and two major
Page 129 and 130:
Llewellyn C. Foxcroft Pereskia acul
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Llewellyn C. Foxcroft is the awaren
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Buddhi Marambe, Channa Bambaradeniy
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
The human dimensions of invasive wo
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livestock, for example Prosopis spp
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19th century ship pilot, who first
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Table 2 Views about and perception
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Failures: ■ poor natural history
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Forestry Numerous shrubs and woody
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Natural resources and processes The
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clearly show that the topic is high
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Sarah Hayden Reichard and Peter Whi
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
George W. Staples beneath the more
Page 169 and 170:
George W. Staples present time the
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George W. Staples role in the sprea
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George W. Staples resources are pou
Page 175 and 176:
Planning Future Responses
Page 177 and 178:
Johan Hattingh assumptions about ou
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Johan Hattingh nothing but power fo
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Johan Hattingh interpretations has
Page 183 and 184:
Johan Hattingh 5. Alien species are
Page 185 and 186:
Johan Hattingh Within this ethic, i
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Johan Hattingh values to explain wh
Page 189 and 190:
R. Arthur Chapman, David C. Le Mait
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Maj de Poorter switch geographical
Page 205 and 206:
Maj de Poorter someone has taken th
Page 207 and 208:
References Azorin, E. 1992. The Pot
Page 209 and 210:
References Capaldi, E.D. 1996. Cond
Page 211 and 212:
References Dahlsten, D.L. 1986. Con
Page 213 and 214:
References Fryer, J.D. and R.J. Cha
Page 215 and 216:
References Harvey, D. 1989. The Con
Page 217 and 218:
References Kenward, R.E. 1989. Bark
Page 219 and 220:
References Lyman, B. 1989. A Psycho
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References Meyer, W.B. and B.L. Tur
Page 223 and 224:
References Perrier de la Bathie, H.
Page 225 and 226:
References Santiapillai, Charles, S
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References Thornton, I.W.B., Compto
Page 229 and 230:
References White, P. and G. Newton-
Page 231 and 232:
List of workshop participants and c
Page 233 and 234:
Perrault, Anne Center for Internati
Page 235:
IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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