Alien Species.vp - IUCN

appropriate international fund. In the absence of such an agreement or protocol, such taxes or
fees, if imposed unilaterally on trade, may be challengeable as unfair trade restraints.
Key principles that an international funding initiative for invasives should support include:
■ Fairness and appropriateness to major intercontinental invasion pathways.
■ Correlation with the amount of trade and travel and sustained funding for the long term.
■ A simple approach that makes sense to consumers, travellers, and policy makers.
■ Pays to support developing world prevention and response capacity building and for
additional administrative costs incurred by international bodies resulting from the
initiative, such as the WTO, CBD, IPPC, and IMO.
■ Pays for global public education and information programmes according to the best
social marketing principles in both developed and developing worlds.
■ The details are agreed through open, voluntary international negotiations open to all.
Notes
1. According to Glowka and de Klemm (1999), erasing the distinction between “intended”
and “unintended” introductions was supported in at least one case by the Convention on
Biological Diversity’s (CBD) Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and
Technological Advice (SBSTTA). SBSTTA (1995) recommended that the CBD Parties
should treat the use of non-native species in confined mariculture as equivalent to the
intentional release of that species into the wild, due to the foreseeably high risk of escape.
Unintended but foreseeable is the equivalent of intended in that case. I propose that
“unintentional but foreseeable” be formally recognized as a category in policies relating
to responsibility and accountability for invasives. So the three categories should be:
“intentional”, “unintentional but foreseeable”, and “unintentional and unforeseeable”.
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Human dimensions of invasive alien species