142 Advances in Polymer Science Editorial Board: A. Abe. A.-C ...

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132 K. Ito, S. Kawaguchi PLMA poly(lauryl methacrylate) PMA poly(methacrylic acid) PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate) PNIPAM poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) POXZ polyoxazolines PP polypropylene PSt polystyrene PTBA poly(t-butyl acrylate) PTBMA poly(t-butyl methacrylate) P( q) particle scattering factor PVA poly(vinyl alcohol) PVAcA poly(N-vinylacetamide) PVC poly(vinyl chloride) PVP poly(vinylpyrrolidone) P4VP poly(4-vinylpyridine) q persistence length ri reactivity ratio of i species R radius of particle Rcrit radius of particle at critical point r density r' rate of radical generation ROMP ring-opening methathesis polymerization Rp rate of polymerization S surface area occupied by a macromonomer chain mean square radius of gyration SAXS small-angle X-ray scattering SANS small-angle neutron scattering Scrit surface area occupied by a macromonomer chain at critical point SEC size exclusion chromatography STM scanning tunneling electron microscopy TBA t-butyl acrylate TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy q fractional conversion of monomer qcrit fractional conversion of monomer at critical point qD fractional conversion of macromonomer qDcrit fractional conversion of macromonomer at critical point Tg glass transition temperature ¥ Tg glass transition temperature of polymer with infinite molecular weight v excess free volume at a chain end vm free volume per monomeric unit WD weight of macromonomer polymerized Wdo initial weight of macromonomer weight of monomer polymerized W M
Poly(macromonomers), Homo- and Copolymerization 133 WMo initial weight of monomer x fraction of disproportionation in termination z excluded-volume parameter ˜z scaled excluded-volume parameter 1 Introduction A macromonomer is any polymer or an oligomer with a polymerizable functionality as an end group. Formally, the macromonomer homopolymerizes to afford a star- or comb-shaped polymer and copolymerizes with a conventional monomer to give a graft copolymer. Thus the macromonomer serves as a convenient building block to constitute arms or branches of known structure in the resulting polymer. A large number of macromonomers, differing in the type of the repeating monomer and the end-group, have so far been prepared, thereby offering the possibility of construction of an enormous number of branched polymers in a variety of architectures, combinations, and compositions. Polymerization and copolymerization of macromonomers have also been studied in great detail in order to understand their unique behavior in comparison with that of conventional monomers. Their useful application in design of polymeric microspheres has also been appreciated recently. Some interesting properties of poly(macromonomers) have also been explored very recently as a simple model of brush polymers which are of increasing interest. Comparatively, however, the characterization and properties of graft copolymers with randomly distributed branches have not been investigated to the same extent in spite of their theoretical and practical importance. The present article is intended to discuss the state-of-the-art of the design and characterization of the branched polymers obtained by the macromonomer technique, with particular stress on the characterization and the properties of the brush polymers obtained by the homopolymerization of macromonomer. The synthetic aspects of the macromonomer technique, including preparation of various kinds of macromonomers, have been recently reviewed by one of the authors [1]. Therefore, we intend here to outline briefly the macromonomer technique and describe only the very recent important developments in syntheses. Preparation and characterization of the polymeric microspheres by use of macromonomers as reactive (copolymerizable) emulsifiers or dispersants will be described in some detail to represent one of their unique applications. Some comprehensive reviews covering earlier references include those by Kawakami [2], Meijs and Rizzard [3], Velichkova and Christova [4], and those in books edited by Yamashita [5] and by Mishra [6] among others.
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142 Advances in Polymer Science Edi
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Branched Polymers I Volume Editor:
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Volume Editor Dr. Jacques Roovers I
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Preface While books have been writt
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Contents Synthesis of Branched Poly
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Synthesis of Branched Polymers by C
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72 N. Hadjichristidis, S. Pispas, M
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Author Index Volumes 101-142 Author
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Author IndexVolumes 101-142 231 Dun
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Author Index Volumes 101-142 233 Ka
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Author Index Volumes 101-142 235 Og
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Author Index Volumes 101-142 237 Su
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Subject Index Addition-fragmentatio
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Subject Index 241 Microphases 11z,
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