142 Advances in Polymer Science Editorial Board: A. Abe. A.-C ...

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180 J. Roovers, B. Comanita 4.2.1 Dendrimers on Flexible Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 4.2.2 Dendrimers on Stiff Backbones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 4.3 Linear Polymers on Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 4.3.1 Single Polymer-Dendrimer Hybrids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 4.3.2 Multiple Polymer-Dendrimer Hybrids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 5 Hybrids of Dendrimers and Biological Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . 219 5.1 Dendrimer-Peptide Hybrids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 5.2 Dendrimer-DNA Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 5.3 Dendrimer-Antibody Conjugates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 List of Abbreviations and Symbols ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization D Dalton DAB diaminobutane based poly(propylene imine) dendrimer DNA deoxyribonucleic acid D o translational diffusion coefficient at zero concentration DP degree of polymerization DSM Dutch State Mines ESI-MS electron spray ionization mass spectrometry FAB-MS fast ion bombardment mass spectroscopy IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectroscopy MALLS multiple angle laser light scattering Mn number-average molecular weight mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid Mw weight-average molecular weight MW molecular weight MWD molecular weight distribution n number of segments NMR nuclear magnetic resonance Pam phenylacetamidomethyl PAMAM poly(amidoamine) dendrimer PBd polybutadiene PEG poly(ethylene glycol) PEO poly(ethylene oxide) PI polyisoprene PPE poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene ether) PS polystyrene q scattering vector
Dendrimers and Dendrimer-Polymer Hybrids 181 Rg radius of gyration Rh Rh SEC hydrodynamic radius from intrinsic viscosity hydrodynanic radius from translational diffusion coefficient size exclusion chromatography TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide Ve elution volume [ h] intrinsic viscosity Q scattering angle l wavelength of radiation n scaling exponent sc chromatographic dispersion due to the instrument sd chromatographic dispersion due to sample polydispersity total chromatographic dispersion s T 1 Introduction 1.1 Dendritic Architecture Dendrimers are molecules with regularly placed branched repeat units. They are also known as Starburst, Cascade or Arborols. These names describe aspects of their molecular architecture. Dendrimers consist of different parts (see Fig. 1). Each dendrimer has a core or focal point. The core is the central unit of the dendrimer and can formally be regarded as the center of symmetry for the entire molecule. The core has its characteristic branching functionality, i.e. the number of chemical bond by which it is connected to the rest of the molecule (Fig. 1a). The focal point plays the same role as the core. Moreover, it has a chemical functional group not found elsewhere in the dendrimer. Attached to the core or focal point is a first layer of branched repeat units or monomers (Fig. 1b). This layer is alternatively considered to be the zeroed or first generation of the dendrimer. Each successive generation is end-standingly placed onto the previous generation (Fig. 1c). Each generation usually but not necessarily contains the same branched repeat units. The process of growth is extendable to several more generations. Because of the multifunctionality of each repeat unit, the number of segments in each generation grows exponentially. The end-standing groups of the outermost generation are called peripheral or terminal groups. The description of dendrimers as outlined suggests that there is a fixed spacial arrangement in dendrimers whereby the core or focal group forms the center, successive generations radiate outwardly, and end-groups of the outermost generation form an outer surface. This is only partly true. A dendrimer is indeed a framework of chemical bonds and bond angles between atoms that vary little; however, the torsion angles about the s bonds allow for a wide range of conformations and numerous dynamic transitions between them. Therefore, the core
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142 Advances in Polymer Science Edi
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Branched Polymers I Volume Editor:
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Volume Editor Dr. Jacques Roovers I
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Preface While books have been writt
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Contents Synthesis of Branched Poly
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Synthesis of Branched Polymers by C
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Author IndexVolumes 101-142 231 Dun
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Author Index Volumes 101-142 233 Ka
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Author Index Volumes 101-142 235 Og
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Author Index Volumes 101-142 237 Su
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Subject Index Addition-fragmentatio
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Subject Index 241 Microphases 11z,
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