Comparative Parasitology 67(2) 2000 - Peru State College

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242 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 67(2), JULY 2000 0 1 2 3 4 Weeks postinfection Figure 1. Mean (± SE) weights of mice on high carbohydrate (diamonds) versus control (squares) diet at 0—4 weeks postinfection. worms at each data point were selected at random from mice on the HCD and RMH diets and stained in Gower's carmine, dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in xylene, and mounted in Permount (Kaufman and Fried, 1994). Length and maximum width measurements of worms were made with the aid of a calibrated ocular micrometer to give body area in mm2 for control and experimental worms at 2, 3, and 4 weeks p.i. Length and width measurements were also made on the gonads and suckers to determine if there were significant differences in organ sizes between worms on HCD versus RMH diet (Sudati et al., 1997). Whenever possible, differences in means between groups were determined using Student's f-test, with P < 0.05 being considered significant. Results Mean weights of mice on both the HCD and RMH diet are shown in Figure 1. Mouse weight in both groups increased rapidly until 2 weeks p.i. and then less rapidly until 4 weeks p.i. Although the weights of mice on the RMH diet were slightly higher than those of mice on the HCD diet, there was no significant difference in mouse weight between groups at any week p.i. There was no apparent difference in food consumption in mice on either diet. From 2 to 4 weeks p.i., the small intestines of hosts on the HCD were yellow compared to the tan-colored intestines of hosts on the RMH diet; the intestines of mice on the HCD were thinner, more translucent, and more brittle than those of hosts on the RMH diet. All worms from hosts on both diets were ovigerous at 2 to 4 weeks p.i. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 2 3 4 Weeks postinfection Figure 2. Effects of diet on mean (± SE) E. caproni worm body area; control diet (closed bar) and high-carbohydrate diet (open bar). Eggs taken at random from some worms maintained on the HCD, when incubated in artificial spring water, produced miracidia that were capable of infecting B. glabrata. The mean body areas of worms from the hosts on the RHM diet and on the HCD are shown in Figure 2. At 2 and 3 weeks p.i., there were no significant differences in the body areas of worms from either group. However, a significant increase in body areas was seen in worms from the experimental hosts at 4 weeks p.i. compared with that of worms from the control hosts. There was a significant difference at 4 weeks p.i. in the length of the anterior and posterior testes and in the diameter of the acetabulum and oral sucker of worms from the HCD group compared with those on the RMH diet. The percent worm recovery is shown in Figure 3 and was similar in control and experimental mice at all 3 sampling points with about 50% recovery in both groups at all data points. More worms from hosts on the RMH diet were located in segments 3 and 4 than those from hosts on the HCD at sampling points. Considerably more worms on the HCD were located in segment 5, compared with worms on the RMH diet at all sampling points. Worms from the HCD group were more widely dispersed in their hosts than those from hosts on the RMH diet; worms from HCD hosts were also located more posteriad than those from hosts on the RMH diet.
0) 0> O 20- O 2 3 4 Weeks post infect ion Figure 3. Effects of diet on E. caproni worm recovery in mice exposed to 35 cysts/hosts; control diet (closed bar) and high-carbohydrate diet (open bar). Discussion Worms from hosts on the HCD, when compared with those from mice on the RMH diet, showed a marked increase in body area at 4 weeks p.i. This is the first report that documents enhanced growth of a digenean maintained in an experimental vertebrate host fed an HCD. Echinostomes on the HCD showed greater body area by 4 weeks p.i. Reasons for the increase in worm body area are not readily apparent from the findings in this study. We have no way of knowing if the HCD had a direct effect on worm growth (i.e., if the worms consumed more carbohydrates from the HCD than the RMH diet) or had an indirect effect by altering gut constituents. Our results suggest that the intestines of hosts on the HCD showed a loss of normal integrity. The HCD at 4 weeks p.i. could have contributed to the altered gut that allowed for a large number of mucosal epithelial cells to be sloughed off, thereby increasing the food supply available to the echinostomes in hosts on the HCD. Perhaps such an increased food supply DARAS ET AL.—GROWTH OF ECH1NOSTOMA CAPRONI 243 was a factor in the enhanced worm growth. Since there were no control uninfected mice on the HCD, there is also no way of knowing if some of the changes in host guts may not have been caused by interactions between diet and worms. Distribution data are interesting in that, in hosts on the HCD, worms were more spread out and also located more posteriad than worms from hosts on the RMH diet. The disparate arrangement of the worms in the HCD hosts is similar to previous observations on mice infected with E. caproni and maintained on diets with altered amounts of fats and proteins (Sudati et al., 1996, 1997; Rosario and Fried, 1999). Literature Cited Graczyk, T. K., and B. Fried. 1998. Echinostomiasis: a common yet forgotten food borne disease. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 58:501-504. Kaufman, A. R., and B. Fried. 1994. Infectivity, growth, distribution and fecundity of a six versus twenty-live metacercarial cyst inoculum of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice. Journal of Helminthology 68:203-206. Manger, P. M., Jr., and B. Fried. 1993. Infectivity, growth and distribution of preovigerous adults of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice. Journal of Helminthology 67:158-160. Read, C. P. 1959. The role of carbohydrates in the biology of cestodes. VIII. Some conclusions and hypotheses. Experimental Parasitology 8:365- 382. , and J. E. Simmons. 1963. Biochemistry and physiology of tapeworms. Physiological Reviews 43:263-305. Rosario, C., and B. Fried. 1999. Effects of a proteinfree diet on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice. Journal of Helminthology 73:167-169. Sudati, J. E., A. Reddy, and B. Fried. 1996. Effects of high fat diets on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice. Journal of Helminthology 70:351-354. , F. Rivas, and B. Fried. 1997. Effects of a high protein diet on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice. Journal of Helminthology 71:351-354. Von Brand, T. 1973. Biochemistry of Parasites, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York. 499 pp. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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July 2000 Number 2 Comparative Para
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 pp. 14
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Table 1. Unidentified diplectanids
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preferences, separation of Lateroca
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ward, 1996). Vincent's sillago, Sil
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(see Johnston and Tiegs, 1922; Murr
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Sphyraena chiysotaenia Klunzinger,
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figures of the internal anatomy (wh
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KRITSKY ET AL.—DIPLECTANIDS FROM
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2)] long, slender, fusiform; greate
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creation of paraphyletic taxa when
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 20(K) pp. 1
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DAILEY AND GOLDBERG—LANGERONIA BU
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BOUAMER AND MORAND—OXYUROID GENUS
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Figure 10. Thaparia thaparia thapar
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of Professor Robert Bourgat (Univer
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Discussion Twelve parasite species
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Table 2. Continued. Parasite Tricho
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Sutherland, D. R. 1999. Assessing t
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Page 129 and 130: Name: MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 271 AP
Page 131 and 132: *Edna M. Buhrer * Mildred A. Doss *
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