Comparative Parasitology 67(2) 2000 - Peru State College

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162 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 67(2), JULY 2000 species, P. senilobatus sp. n., occurs on sparid hosts (Argyrops spp.)- The new species most closely resembles P. raibauti in the comparative morphology of the copulatory complex but differs from this species by possessing a subterminal spine arising from the male copulatory organ, 3 bilateral pairs of haptoral lobes (lobes lacking in P. raibauti), a flattened subrectangular ventral bar (bar rod-shaped in P. raibauti), and each dorsal bar with a proximal spine (see Oliver and Radujkovic, 1987). Protolamellodiscus senilobatus differs from P. serranelli in the comparative morphology of the copulatory complex. While Yamaguti's (1953) description of P. convolutus lacks details of the sclerotized structures of the haptor and copulatory complex, P. senilobatus is distinguished from this species by possessing 3 bilateral pairs of haptoral lobes. Oliver and Radujkovic (1987) described the vagina of P. raibauti as opening sublaterally on the left side of the body. In P. senilobatus, the vaginal aperture is submarginal on the sinistrodorsal body surface, midway between the ovary and copulatory complex. In P. senilobatus, the vas deferens loops the left intestinal cecum, while Euzet and Oliver (1965) reported the vas deferens to be intercecal in P. serranelli. Oliver and Radujkovic (1987) did not observe the course of the vas deferens relative to the intestine in P. raibauti. Confirmation of these 2 characters as potential diagnostic features of Protolamellodiscus is required. Members of Protolamellodiscus Oliver, 1969, and Calydiscoides Young, 1969, are characterized, in part, by having a ventral and a dorsal lamellodisc, each with several concentric unpaired lamellae, with the most anterior lamella forming a complete circle. Calydiscoides is, in part, diagnosed by the presence of telescoping lamellae. Depending on the orientation of the lamellodisc when examined microscopically, specimens of P. senilobatus occasionally show that the deeper lamellae telescope, although not to the extent exhibited in described species of Calydiscoides. While outside the scope of the present study, it is possible that Protolamellodiscus and Calydiscoides are synonyms. Further study of all species in these genera combined with a phylogenetic analysis is necessary to clarify synonymy and/or validity of the genera. Discussion In his revision of the Diplectanidae, Oliver (1987) divided the family into 4 subfamilies Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington based primarily on the morphology and presence/absence of the accessory adhesive organs of the haptor. He recognized the Diplectaninae Monticelli, 1903 ("squamodiscs" composed of concentric rows of sclerotized rodlets): Lamellodiscinae Oliver, 1969 ("lamellodiscs" composed of concentric lamellae); Rhabdosynochinae Oliver, 1987 (lateral "placodiscs" unarmed); and Murraytrematoidinae Oliver, 1982 (accessory adhesive organs absent). Oliver (1987) removed the then monotypic Rhamnocercinae Monaco, Wood, and Mizelle, 1954, from the Diplectanidae, elevated it to familial level, and placed it in the poorly supported superfamily Heterotesioidea Euzet and DOS- SOU, 1979 (see Kritsky and Boeger, 1989), apparently because some previous descriptions of species of Rhamnocercus stated that the intestinal ceca are "apparently" united posterior to the gonads (Hargis, 1955, in R. bairdiella Hargis, 1955; subsequently by Luque and lannacone [1991] in R. oliveri Luque and lannacone, 1991). However, Monaco et al. (1954) and Seamster and Monaco (1956) did not mention the intestine in the respective descriptions of R. rhamnocercus Monaco, Wood, and Mizelle, 1954, and R. stichospinus Seamster and Monaco, 1956. Luque and lannacone (1991) stated that the intestinal ceca end blindly in Rhamnocercoides menticirrhi Luque and lannacone, 1991, and Rhamnocercus stelliferi Luque and lannacone, 1991. It appears that errors have been made concerning the morphology of the gut in some species of Rhamnocercinae, and the value of this character in determining familial relationships is limited. Along with Diplectaninae, Lamellodiscinae, Rhabdosynochinae, and Murraytrematoidinae, we tentatively consider the Rhamnocercinae a member of the Diplectanidae, based on general haptoral and internal morphology. However, these subfamilies all lack evolutionary support (phylogenetic analyses are lacking), and some or all may be unnatural. With the exception of Diplectanum Diesing, 1858, and Lamellodiscus Johnston and Tiegs, 1922, all diplectanid genera are defined by derived autapomoiphic features, suggesting that Diplectanum and Lamellodiscus are unnatural (paraphyletic) and currently serve as "catchall" groups for species lacking obvious derived characters. Kritsky and Boeger (1989) and Kritsky and Kulo (1992) discussed the probability of the
creation of paraphyletic taxa when new taxa are based primarily on autapomorphic features. Oliver (1987) considered Diplectanwn to include species having a squamodisc composed of concentric U-shaped rows of rodlets. Other diplectanine genera were diagnosed with characters thought to be lacking in Diplectanwn, such as closed circular rows of rodlets (Cycloplectanum Oliver, 1968 [=Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958, see Kritsky and Beverley-Burton 1986]), divergent rows of rodlets (Heteroplectanum Rakotofiringa, Oliver, and Lambert, 1987), lateral intestinal diverticula (Latericaecum Young, 1969), a row of elongate spines posterior to the squamodisc (Lepidotrema Johnston and Tiegs, 1922), 1 "squamodisc" (Monoplectanum Young, 1969), modified anchors (Pseudodiplectanum Tripathi, 1957), and parallel rodlets (Pseudolamellodiscus Yamaguti, 1953). Similarly, Oliver (1987) defined Lamellodiscus by species having paired (apparently incomplete) lamellae forming the lamellodiscs. The remaining genera in the Lamellodiscinae include forms with the following features absent in species of Lamellodiscus'. Calydiscoides Young, 1969, with species having unpaired telescoping lamellae; Furnestinia Euzet and Audoin, 1959, with species lacking 1 "lamellodisc"; Protolamellodiscus Oliver, 1969, with species having closed or "O-shaped" lamella in the lamellodisc; and Telegamatrix Ramalingam, 1955, with a reproductive appendix containing the copulatory complex and vagina. Some of these genera might not be valid, as suggested by the apparent close relationship of Diplectanum cazauxi with Laterocaecum pearsoni and Protolamellodiscus senilobatus with species of Calydiscoides (see remarks under D. cazauxi and P. senilobatus). That Diplectanum and Lamellodiscus are paraphyletic is supported by observations on specimens in the present study. Both genera include species with varying characters, which were not considered generic features by Oliver (1987), but that could be used to determine monophyletic groups in the 2 genera. Features such as presence/absence of an accessory piece, position of the vaginal aperture, and morphology of the copulatory complex, among others, may have value in determining monophyletic groupings in these genera. In Lepidotrema, which is characterized by species possessing a posterior shield of elongate spines as its autapomorphic character, at least 1 species, L. longipenis, apparently KRITSKY ET AL.—DIPLECTANIDS FROM KUWAIT 163 lacks these structures. Thus, even some of the unique characters defining some of these genera (posterior spinous shield in Lepidotrema; gut diverticula in Laterocaecum) may not be valid for defining monophyletic groups within the Diplectanidae. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Dr. J. R. Lichtenfels (USNPC) and Dr. J. Araki (MPM) for allowing access to type and voucher specimens in their care. Dr. N. Agarwal, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India, contributed specimens of Calydiscoides flexuosus from the western Indian coast for use in the present study. Literature Cited Euzet, L., and G. Oliver. 1965. Lamellodiscus serranelli n. sp. (Monogenea) parasite de Teleosteens du genre Serranus. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee 40:261-264. Hargis, W. J. 1955. Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part III. The superfamily Gyrodactyloidea. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 18:33-47. Hay ward, C. J. 1996. Revision of diplectanid monogeneans (Monopisthocotylea, Diplectanidae) in sillaginid fishes, with a description of a new species of Monoplectanum. Zoologica Scripta 25: 203-213. Johnston, T. H., and O. W. Tiegs. 1922. New gyrodactyloid trematodes from Australian fishes, together with a reclassification of the super-family Gyrodactyloidea. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 47:83-131. Karyakarte, P. P., and S. R. Das. 1978. A new monogenetic trematode, Lamellospina Indiana n. gen., n. sp. (Monopisthocotylea: Diplectanidae) from the marine fish, Nemipterus japonicus (Gunther) in India. Rivista di Parassitologia 39:19-22. Kritsky, D. C., and M. Beverley-Burton. 1986. The status of Pseudorhabdosynochm Yamaguti, 1958, and Cycloplectanum Oliver, 1968 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99:17-20. , and W. A. Boeger. 1989. The phylogenetic status of the Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky, 1937 (Monogenea: Dactylogyroidea). Journal of Parasitology 75:207-211. , and S.-D. Kulo. 1992. Schilbetrematoides pseudodactylogyrus gen. et sp. n. (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae) from the gills of Schilbe intermedium (Siluriformes, Schilbeidae) in Togo, Africa. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 59:195-200. , V. E. Thatcher, and W. A. Boeger. 1986. Neotropical Monogenea. 8. Revision of Urocleidoides (Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae). Pro- Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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Page 5 and 6: Table 1. Unidentified diplectanids
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MACHADO ET AL.—ECOLOGY OF ENDOHEL
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MACHADO ET AL.—ECOLOGY OF ENDOHEL
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Table 1. Summary of results of gros
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LYONS ET AL.—HOOKWORMS IN NORTHER
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lands in the Bering Sea. Journal of
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River, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japa
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HASEGAWA ET AL.—LIFE HISTORY OF S
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larvae of 5. contortus or S. japoni
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Table 1. Infectivity and distributi
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FUJINO ET AL.—EXPULSION OF ECHINO
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 pp. 24
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KOGA ET AL.—SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTUR
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CANARIS AND KINSELLA—RESEARCH NOT
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2()(X) pp.
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1866; and Hyla wrightorum (Taylor,
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Several horses, all with unknown an
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ANNIVERSARY AWARD 263 laboratory on
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 p. 265
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Diplectanum sillagonum, 145 Diplect
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Philichthyidae, 253 Phodopus sungor
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Name: MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 271 AP
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*Edna M. Buhrer * Mildred A. Doss *
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