Comparative Parasitology 67(2) 2000 - Peru State College

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Table 2. Monthly values of prevalence (P%) and mean intensity of infection (Mil) of the endohelminths in Pau Veio Bayou near Porto Rico, state of Parana, Brazil, from July 1996 through October 1997 (N = Proteocephalus S macrophallus m P(%) Mil P Proteocephalus rnicroscopicus Diplostomurn sp. Diplostornum Clinostomum (A.) sp. compactum Mil P(%) Mil P(%) N P(%) Mil P(%) Mil Month 4.8 6 2.0 1.0 12.8 5 179.5 53.0 3 50.0 50.0 100.0 71.4 80.0 33.3 195.6 37.0 42.0 448.9 2,562.5 240.0 87.5 50.0 100.0 100.0 80.0 100.0 1.5 2.0 25.0 50.0 8 12.5 16.0 — — 2 — — — — 2 1.3 1.0 — 42.9 20.0 — 5 — — — — 3 — — — — 1996 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4.0 1.0 9.8 6.0 1.8 3.3 1.0 2.5 1.0 12.0 100.0 12.5 66.7 46.2 40.0 37.5 42.9 22.2 100.0 100.0 1,074.0 1.0 293.8 335.7 180.2 98.4 131.3 112.4 1 34.0 531.7 100.0 84.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — 1.5 1.0 — 1.0 — — — — — — 8.3 15.4 — 12.5 — — — — 2 — — 100.0 3.5 32 — — 3.1 1.0 24 4.2 2.0 8.3 2.5 13 — — 7.7 5.0 10 — — 10.0 1.0 8 — — — — 7 — — — — 9 _ _ _ __ 1 _ _ _ __ 3 — — — — 1997 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, <strong>67</strong>(2;
40- 35- 30- 25- 20- 15- 10- 5- n . 18.1 27.1 MACHADO ET AL.—ECOLOGY OF ENDOHELMINTHS OF CICHLA MONOCULUS 213 39.1 1 2 3 4 5 No. parasite species Figure I. Parasite richness in 136 specimens of Clchla monoculus collected in Pau Veio Bayou near Porto Rico, state of Parana, Brazil from July 1996 through October 1997. female hosts. The effect of sex of the host on the prevalence of each parasite species was evaluated by the log-likelihood G test using a 2 X 2 contingency table (Zar, 1996), and the intensities of infection of each species of parasite in the male and female hosts were compared using the Mann-Whitney (/-test (Siegel, 1975). In the data analysis, only values with significance levels of P •& 0.05 were considered significant. Ecological terms are based on Bush et al. (1997). Results Of the 136 hosts examined, 133 (97.8%) were parasitized by 1 or more species of endohelminth, of which 39,301 specimens were collected. The endohelminths included 3 species of digeneans (Clinostomum sp., Diplostomum (Austrodiplostomum) compactum (Lutz, 1928), and Diplostomum sp.); 3 species of cestodes (Proteocephalus microscopicus Woodland, 1935, Proteocephalus macrophallus (Diesing, 1850), and Sciadocephalus megalodiscus Diesing, 1850); 1 species of nernatode (Contracaecum sp.); and 1 species of acanthocephalan (Quadrigyrus machadoi Fabio, 1983) that were found free in the intestine or encysted in the mesentery in the same stage of development (Tables 1 and 2). Parasite richness varied from 1 to 5 species, and 52 fish were infected by 3 species of parasites (Fig. 1). The cestodes were the most frequently encountered parasites, corresponding to 97% of the helminths collected, and were present in 130 hosts. Proteocephalus microscopicus showed the highest percentages of parasitism, followed by Contracaecum sp. (Table 1). Proteocephalus microscopicus also was the species that presented the highest monthly values of prevalence and mean intensity (Table 2). The acanthocephalan Q. machadoi made up 0.2% of the parasite spec- 11.3 1.5 Table 3. Classification and Bush's Importance values (I) of the species of endohelminth parasites of 136 specimens of Cichla monoculus collected in Pau Veio Bayou near Porto Rico, state of Parana, Brazil from July 1996 through October 1997. Parasite I Dominant species Proteocephalus microscopicus 98.50 Proteocephalus macrophallus 1.40 Co-dominant species Sciadocephalus megalodiscus 0.06 imens collected, while the digenetic trematodes represented 0.14%. The mean parasite diversity according to the Shannon index (H') was 0.1329 (SD = 0.1879), and the maximum diversity was 1.3716. Parasite diversity did not differ significantly between male and female hosts (t = 0.6004, P = 0.5492), and was not correlated with total length of the hosts (rs = 0.03124, P = 0.7180). Total host length varied from 13.5 to 45.7 cm (mean 25.1 cm). Using the importance value (I) proposed by Bush, 2 species were classified as dominants and 1 as co-dominant (Table 3). The parasites of C. monoculus showed the typical pattern of overdispersion or aggregation of the parasite populations. Proteocephalus macrophallus and S. megalodiscus showed the highest values of Green's index of aggregation (Table 4). There was no significant difference in length between the 61 male and 75 female tucunares examined (t = 0.6130, P = 0.5409). There was a positive correlation between total length of the hosts and prevalence for fish parasitized by P. microscopicus, P. macrophallus, and S. megalodiscus. A positive correlation be- Table 4. Dispersion Index (DI) and Green's Index of Aggregation (GI) for the endohelminth parasite species of 136 specimens of Cichla monoculus collected in Pau Veio Bayou near Porto Rico, state of Parana, Brazil from July 1996 through October 1997. Parasite Proteocephalus microscopicus Proteocephalus macrophallus Sciadocephalus megalodiscus Quadrigyrus machadoi Contracaecum sp. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington DI 2,198.96 312.23 21.83 3.27 98.06 GI 0.059 0.278 0.136 0.030 0.094
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July 2000 Number 2 Comparative Para
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 pp. 14
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Table 1. Unidentified diplectanids
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preferences, separation of Lateroca
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ward, 1996). Vincent's sillago, Sil
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(see Johnston and Tiegs, 1922; Murr
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Sphyraena chiysotaenia Klunzinger,
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figures of the internal anatomy (wh
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KRITSKY ET AL.—DIPLECTANIDS FROM
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ANNIVERSARY AWARD 263 laboratory on
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 p. 265
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Diplectanum sillagonum, 145 Diplect
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Philichthyidae, 253 Phodopus sungor
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Name: MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 271 AP
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*Edna M. Buhrer * Mildred A. Doss *
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