Comparative Parasitology 67(2) 2000 - Peru State College

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258 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 67(2), JULY 2000 State Park, Virginia. Virginia Journal of Science 19:13-29. Cort, W. W. 1913. Notes on the trematode genus Clinostomum. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 32:167-182. Esch, G. W., and J. C. Fernandez. 1993. A Functional Biology of Parasitism. Chapman and Hall, New York. 337 pp. Goldberg, S. R., C. R. Bursey, E. W. A. Gergus, B. K. Sullivan, and Q. A. Truong. 1996. Helminths from three treefrogs Hyla arenicolor, Hyla wrightorum, and Pseudacris triseriata (Hylidae) from Arizona. Journal of Parasitology 82:833-835. Kilby, J. D. 1945. A biological analysis of the food and feeding habits of two frogs, Hyla cinerea and Rana pipiens sphenocephala. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Science 8:71-104. Roller, R. L., and A. J. Gaudin. 1977. An analysis of helminth infections in Bufo boreus (Amphibia: Bufonidae) and Hyla regilla (Amphibia: Hylidae) in southern California. Southwestern Naturalist 21:503-509. McAllister, C. T. 1990. Metacercaria of Clinostornum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) (Trematoda: Digenea) in a Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes (Amphibia: Caudata), with comments on C. marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819). Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 57:69-71. . 1991. Protozoan, helminth, and arthropod parasites of the spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarkii (Anura: Hylidae), from north-central Texas. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 58:51-56. , S. E. Trauth, S. J. Upton, and D. H. Jamieson. 1993. Endoparasites of the bird-voiced treefrog, Hyla avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), from Ar- Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 pp. 258-260 Research Note kansas. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 60:140-143. Minitab, Inc. 1998. Minitab Version 12 for Windows 95. State College, Pennsylvania. Muzzall, P. M., and C. R. Peebles. 1991. Helminths of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, and spring peeper, Pseudacris c. crucifer, from southern Michigan. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 58:263-265. Schorr, M. S., R. Altig, and W. J. Diehl. 1990. Populational changes of the enteric protozoans Opalina spp. and Nyctotherus cordiformis during the ontogeny of anuran tadpoles. Journal of Protozoology 37:479-481. Steiner, G. 1924. Some nemas from the alimentary tract of the Carolina treefrog (Hyla carolinensis pennant) with a discussion of some general problems of nematology. Journal of Parasitology 11: 1-32. Ukoli, F. M. A. 1966. On Clinostomum tilapiae n. sp. and C. phalacrocoracis Dubois, 1931 from Ghana, and a discussion of the systematics of the genus Clinostomum Leidy, 1856. Journal of Helminthology 40:187-214. Walton, A. C. 1946. Parasites of the Hylidae (Amphibia—Hylinae) V. Anatomical Record 96:592- 593. Yamaguti, S. 1971. Synopsis of the Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates, Vol. I. Keigaku Publishing Co., Tokyo, Japan. 1074 pp. Yoder, H. R., and J. R. Coggins. 1996. Helminth communities in the northern spring peeper, Pseudacris c. crucifer Wied, and the wood frog, Rana sylvatica Le Conte, from southeastern Wisconsin. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63:211-214. Atypical Specimens of Helminth Parasites (Anoplocephala perfoliata and Thelazia lacrymalis} of Horses in Kentucky, U.S.A. HEATHER D. BAIR,' EUGENE T. LYONS,U THOMAS W. SwERCZEK,2 AND SHARON C. TOLLIVER1 1 Gluck Equine Research Center and 2 Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0099, U.S.A. (e-mail: elyonsl@pop.uky.edu) ABSTRACT: During a survey of internal parasites in horses at necropsy at a diagnostic laboratory in Kentucky, U.S.A., in 1998, atypical specimens of 2 species were found. Two specimens of the cecal tapeworm, Corresponding author. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington Anoplocephla perfoliata, were fused at the midportion of each individual. One eyeworm, Thelazia lacrymalis, had 3 rather than the normal 2 uteri. KEY WORDS: atypical morphology, Cestoda, cecal tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata, Nematoda, eyeworm, Thelazia lacrymalis, horses, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Several horses, all with unknown antiparasitic treatment, were examined at necropsy in Kentucky, U.S.A., in 1998 in a prevalence survey for various species of internal parasites. Specimens of 2 species were atypical. One was the cecal tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata (Goeze, 1782) Blanchard, 1848. The other was the eyeworm, Thelazia lacrymalis (Gurlt, 1831) Raillet and Henry, 1910. The usual habitat of A. perfoliata in the horse is the large intestine, mainly the cecum. In past surveys of dead horses in Kentucky, prevalence of A. perfoliata was about 50-60% and no differences in infection with age of the horse were found (Benton and Lyons, 1994). Detrimental effects of A. perfoliata are not always evident. Some of the problems, mainly at the attachment sites of the tapeworms, are ulceration, inflammation, edema, and a resulting diphtheritic membrane (Proudman and Trees, 1999). Possible life-threatening effects attributed to A. perfoliata are intussusception, perforation, and hypertrophied small intestine (Proudman and Trees, 1999). Among 265 A. perfoliata found in a 29-yearold Thoroughbred gelding in the present study were 2 atypical specimens joined together at the midportion (Fig. 1). Possibly there had been incomplete separation of 2 eggs during embryogenesis. Alternatively, in early development, there may have been injury to 1 specimen, and the other somehow partially invaded the afflicted individual. The authors were unable to find any reference in the literature to this type of anomaly in A. perfoliata. However, several other types of abnormalities, including 1-4 extra suckers on the scolex and tri- and tetraradiate strobila, have been reported for A. perfoliata (Lyons et al., 1997). Thelazia lacrymalis uses muscid flies, e.g., Musca autumnalis (deGeer, 1776), as intermediate hosts. Negative effects caused by 7". lacrymalis are usually limited to conjunctivitis and excessive lacrimation (Patton and McCracken, 1981). In past surveys for T. lacrymalis, about 40-50% of horses under 5-6 years of age were infected; older horses had much lower prevalences (Lyons et al., 1986). This eyeworm species is associated with several parts of the eyes, including the lacrimal glands, lacrimal ducts, conjunctival sac, and nictitating membrane gland plus ducts. Typically, females in most groups of nematodes have a double or bifurcate RESEARCH NOTES 259 Figure 1. Anomalous Anoplocephala perfoliata: 2 specimens joined in midportion, 1 smaller (S) than the other. Scale bar = 10.0 mm. reproductive system consisting of a vulva, vagina, and 2 uteri (Fig. 2A) and 2 ovaries. In the present study, 1 of 3 female T. lacrymalis recovered from the eyes of a yearling male Thoroughbred had 3 uteri (Fig. 2B). This aberration was observed by chance, because all female T. lacrymalis in the survey were examined for the presence of embryos with the aid of a compound microscope. The specimen with the 3 uteri accidentally ruptured at the location shown in the accompanying photomicrograph (Fig. 2B), which was taken to record the embryos. Later, it was realized that the presence of 3 uteri was not normal. No references could be found regarding such an anomaly in T. lacrymalis. Hyman (1951) mentioned that polydelphic female nematodes may have more than 2, and as many as 10 or 11, ovaries and uteri. This situation occurs particularly in the Physalopteridae, which are spirurids (Hyman, 1951). Thelazia spp., while also spirurids, are in a different family. Chandler (1924) found 3 instead of the usual 2 ovaries and uteri in the ascarid, Ascaris lumbricoides (Linnaeus, 1758), and considered this highly unusual. Causes of anomalies of internal parasites are Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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July 2000 Number 2 Comparative Para
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 pp. 14
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Table 1. Unidentified diplectanids
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preferences, separation of Lateroca
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ward, 1996). Vincent's sillago, Sil
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(see Johnston and Tiegs, 1922; Murr
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Sphyraena chiysotaenia Klunzinger,
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figures of the internal anatomy (wh
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KRITSKY ET AL.—DIPLECTANIDS FROM
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2)] long, slender, fusiform; greate
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creation of paraphyletic taxa when
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 20(K) pp. 1
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DAILEY AND GOLDBERG—LANGERONIA BU
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BOUAMER AND MORAND—OXYUROID GENUS
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Figure 10. Thaparia thaparia thapar
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of Professor Robert Bourgat (Univer
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Discussion Twelve parasite species
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Table 2. Continued. Parasite Tricho
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ter and fiberglass or concrete pond
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Sutherland, D. R. 1999. Assessing t
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Table 1. Wild hosts for Neobenedeni
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CB < •£ a o '= 2 I BULLARD ET AL
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Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, M
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Table 2. Presence of Hymenolepis na
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tones ungiiiculatus). Canadian Vete
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BOLEK AND COGGINS—HELMINTH COMMUN
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BOLEK AND COGGINS—HELMINTH COMMUN
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Page 121 and 122: ANNIVERSARY AWARD 263 laboratory on
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Page 131 and 132: *Edna M. Buhrer * Mildred A. Doss *
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