Comparative Parasitology 67(2) 2000 - Peru State College

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232 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, <strong>67</strong>(2), JULY <strong>2000</strong> Table 1. Activity of iNOS (in nmoles/mg of protein/min) in T. spiralis-infected (I+NaCl) and infected + methylprednisolone-treated mouse muscles (I+D). Days postinfection (d.p.i.) Controls 7 14 21 34 42 49 70 90 Activity (±SEM) 0.14 ± 0.01 (8) 0.08 ± 0.007 (2) (P < 0.05) 0.15 ± 0.007 (4) 0.52 ± 0.1 (5) (P < 0.01) 0. 1 1 ± 0.003 (6) 0.07 ± 0.003 (5) (P < 0.05) 0.07 ± 0.003 (6) (P < 0.05) 0.40 ± 0.063 (6) (P < 0.01) 0.04 ± 0.003 (3) (P < 0.05) I + NaCl* % of control 57 107 371 79 50 50 285 29 I + D| Activity (±SEM) 0.11 ± 0.003 (3) 0.20 ± 0.026 (4) 0.11 ± 0.053 (5) 0.16 ± 0.003 (3) (P < 0.05) 0.14 ± 0.056 (11) 0.06 ± 0.003 (5) 0.07 ± 0.003 (6) (P < 0.05) 0.37 ± 0.254 (6) 0.04 ± 0.001 (3) % of control * The statistically significant differences in column I+NaCl when the values of activity in infected mice were compared with normal mice. The number in parentheses is the number of measurements. t The comparison of the results from infected and infected and treated by glucocorticoid methylprednisolone mice was carried out using a Mann-Whitney test. The number in parentheses is the number of measurements. infected and treated, between 7 and 70 days p.i., are presented in Table 1. The investigations of iNOS activity in muscles of mice infected with T. spiralis larvae showed a 2-stage increase in enzyme activity during the course of trichinellosis. An initial peak of activity was seen at 21 days p.i., and a second rise in activity occurred at 70 days pi (285% of the activity in the control group). Statistically the changes in activity during the stages of trichinellosis mentioned above varied significantly from controls (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The investigation of muscle enzyme activity was carried out on mice infected with T. spiralis and treated simultaneously with glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (I+D) at the same intervals as those for the group of infected and untreated animals. The I+D group mice had higher enzyme activity than those of the I+NaCl group on day 7 p.i. (182% of the control values) and at 70 days p.i. (up to 336% of the control value) with a statistically significant result compared with the control group (P < 0.01). At 90 days p.i. enzyme activity fell in a manner similar to that seen in T. spiralis-infected and untreated animals. Therefore, it may be assumed that methylprednisolone exerted a normalizing influence on iNOS activity only in the initial stage of the muscular phase, i.e., at day 21 p.i. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 182 100 145 127 56 64 336 The comparison of changes in iNOS activity in 2 infections, 1 caused by nonencysting T. pseudospiralis larvae and the other by encysting T. spiralis larvae, as presented in Figure 1, revealed a totally different dynamic for iNOS changes in muscles of infected mice. A statistically significant difference existed between the activity of the enzyme examined in mice infected with the T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis invasion during all phases of trichinellosis (P < 0.01). In general, unlike T. spiralis, infection with T. pseudospiralis was characterized by an absence of iNOS stimulation during the first weeks, while considerable stimulation (up to approximately 280% of the control) lasted throughout and continued up to the end of the muscle phase (from 42 to 70 days p.i.). Discussion The biochemical defense mechanisms for killing T. spiralis larvae by eosinophils are mediated by peroxidase (POX), with inclusion of the process in which both neutrophils and eosinophils produce hypochlorous acid, which is toxic to the larvae of the parasite (Buys et al., 1981). The quantitative results of research on the activity of the inducible NOS isoform (iNOS) presented in this paper clearly indicate that this enzyme, supplying NO lethal to many parasites, is 37
1.2 n 1.0- |T. spiralis |T. pseudospiralis BOCZON AND WARGIN—iNOS IN MOUSE MUSCLE 233 49 70 dpi Figure. 1. Comparison of the changes of the iNOS activity (mean ± SEM) during T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis infection between 0-70 days postinfection. Values with * or ** (P
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July 2000 Number 2 Comparative Para
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 pp. 14
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Table 1. Unidentified diplectanids
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preferences, separation of Lateroca
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ward, 1996). Vincent's sillago, Sil
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(see Johnston and Tiegs, 1922; Murr
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Sphyraena chiysotaenia Klunzinger,
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KRITSKY ET AL.—DIPLECTANIDS FROM
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2)] long, slender, fusiform; greate
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creation of paraphyletic taxa when
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 20(K) pp. 1
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(2), 2000 pp. 16
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BOUAMER AND MORAND—OXYUROID GENUS
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of Professor Robert Bourgat (Univer
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Page 41 and 42: Discussion Twelve parasite species
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Page 121 and 122: ANNIVERSARY AWARD 263 laboratory on
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Page 129 and 130: Name: MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 271 AP
Page 131 and 132: *Edna M. Buhrer * Mildred A. Doss *
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Comparative Parasitology 67(2) 2000 - Peru State College

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