Section 3 (Crop Management)

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Proceedings of 8 th Asian Regional Maize Workshop, Bangkok, Thailand: August 5-8, 2002 Maize Production Technology Development in Bangladesh M. A. Quayyum* On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh, E-mail-ofrdjoy@citechco.net Abstract Maize has considerable potential for increasing the total food supply without seriously affecting the production of other crops. It has been found that the crop can fit in the existing cropping pattern in Bangladesh. A number of studies were undertaken at central, regional, and sub-stations of BARI as well as farmers’ fields to determine appropriate management practices for growing maize as both a sole crop and in combination with other crops. This paper focuses on experiments conducted at different locations in the country. Encouraging results from Maize + Groundnut, Maize + Mungbean/Blackgram, Maize+ Radish, Hybrid Maize + Soybean/Groundnut, Tomato + Maize, Potato+ Maize, Maize+ Carrot/Bush bean etc, were obtained. Equivalent yield and monetary benefits were found to be higher in all of the intercropping combinations. On the On-Farm Research Division, BARI designed and tested several maize based farmer alternative cropping patterns at different Agro-ecological zones with farmer participation. Of those, five cropping patterns were found promising and were recommended for cultivation, namely Maize-T.Aman-Potato, Maize-Mungbean-Mustard, Maize-Fallow-Wheat, Maize-T.Aman-Wheat, and Mungbean-T.Aman-Maize. Introduction Maize is an important crop in many tropical countries and almost all countries in Asia, including China, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia. However, in almost all Asian countries the average yield of the maize crop is not high. Maize is the third most important cereal crop in Bangladesh because it has the higher yield potentiality among the cereals. Increases in maize production will have to come from hybrid maize. The use of hybrid seeds is a very effective way of increasing production and minimizing the cost of production. Hybrid maize has 50-300% higher yield than open pollinated varieties like composites and synthetics. Day by day farmer’s attitudes towards hybrid maize are changing and awareness is growing among traders, growers, NGO’s, and policy makers. In Bangladesh there is a need to diversify crop-based systems. Currently rice and wheat are the only two crops used in rotation with each other. Maize will definitely help to diversify the current system and will serve as a valuable addition and also a preferred choice. Maize has several other benefits; it can be grown as fodder, grain for food and feed, roasted and boiled crops, baby corn, sweet corn, and popcorn. It creates greater flexibility because it fits in various intensive cropping systems where sometimes more than two crops are taken during the year. Maize can play a dominant role, along with other important cereals, in meeting future needs of growing population. Sensible cultivation practices that will yield maximum benefit must also be developed to realize the yield potential of the new varieties. With so many different factors affecting grain yield in maize at the farmer’s field such as variety, soil fertility, fertilizer application practices, control of pests and diseases, and others, very careful analysis of the situation must be done so that factor that will contribute the most towards raising yield. This must be the object of research and extension work by the government. - 236 -
Experimental Findings (Based on station and farmers field trial): Quayyum Sowing time Sowing time is the most important factor in the development and growth of crop species. Very often the sowing of maize in the winter season gets delayed due to late harvest of preceding crops like rice. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of sowing date on the yield of different hybrid maize at RARS Jamalpur. The experiment was conducted during the period from October 2001 to April 2002. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the Old Brahmaputra flood Plain (AEZ-9) and the texture of the soil was silty loam with a pH value of 6.5. The treatments included in the experiment were from four varieties: BARI hybrid maize-1, CMS-933072, Pioneer, and Pacific-11, on four sowing dates: Oct. 30, Nov.15, Nov. 30, and Dec. 15. Fertilizer was applied@ 250-120-120-40-5 N-P205-K20-S and Zn kg/ha, respectively. The results showed that length of cob, grains/cob, 100-grain weight, grain yield, and stover yield were significantly influenced by variety. Grains/cob showed identical statistics between V2, V3 & V4 , but V1 showed lower grain weight (Table 1). The variety CMS933072 revealed higher grain weight but on par to Pacific 11. There was higher grain yield obtained from variety CMS933072 but it was statistically identical to variety Pacific 11. BARI hybrid maize-1 revealed the lowest grain yield among the varieties. But in the case of straw yield V3 & V2 were statically identical. Plant height, yield, and yield attributes were significantly influenced by sowing date except grain/cob, which was not varied (Table 1). October sowing revealed a higher number of gains/cob and 100-grain weight, which reflected high grain yield. There was a trend to decrease yield with the advancement of dates. Stover yield was not influenced by different dates of sowing. Interaction between variety and sowing date was influenced by 100-grain weight and grain and straw yield (Table 2). Grain yield showed higher in V2 D2 but statically identical to V4D1, V4D2, and V2D1. It revealed that sowing October 30 to November 15 gave higher yield in hybrid variety CMS933-72, followed by variety Pacific 11. Varietal performance at farmers’ field and On-station The experiment was conducted at MLT site Jhenaidah, Jessore during rabi 2001-2002. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with 5 replications. The unit plot was 4.5 x 5m with 75x50 cm spacing (1 plant/hill). The varieties CMS9330722, BMS9902, BHM-1, and Pacific –11 were used. The seeds were sown on 25 November, 2001. Fertilizer dose 250-120-120-40-5kg N P2O5K20 and Zn were applied. The results showed that days to maturity, plant height, ear height, length of cob, grains/cob, 100grain weight, and grain yield were significantly influenced by different varieties (Table 3). The hybrid line BHS9902 took longest time whereas Pacific 11 took the shortest duration. Plant height was statistically at par except BHM-1, which showed lower plant height. Significantly highest length of cob was obtained from hybrid line CMS933072, whereas other varieties were statistically identical. Grains/cob showed higher in CMS933072 but significantly no difference with other varieties except BHM-1, which produced lower number of grains. The hybrid line CMS933072 and Pacific 11 showed similar grain weight higher than the other two varieties. Significantly highest grain yield was obtained from hybrid line CMS 933072. Other hybrid varieties/lines were statistically identical and significantly lower than CMS933072. The hybrid line CMS933072 showed higher grain yield due to higher grain/cob, grain weight, and length of cob. So, it showed that hybrid line CMS933072 could be grown in the Jessore region for higher yield. On-station experiments were conducted at ARS, Rangpur during 2001-2002. The result showed that days to maturity, plant height, plants/m 2 , grains/cob, 100 seed weight, and grain yield was significantly influenced by different hybrid varieties. Hybrid variety Pacific 11 showed highest duration whereas - 237 -
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Page 49 and 50: Maize-wheat systems measured under
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Literature Cited Tripathi App (Nepa
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Table 4. Treatment combinations and
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Table 6. Grain yield of maize (t/ha
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Maize grain (t/ha) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Maize grain (t/ha) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Labios et al. surface is left undis
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Labios et al. Figures 3 and 4 showe
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Labios et al. Labios R.V.; Robles,
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Figure 1. Farmers planting corn usi
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Figure 5a. Status of the field at p
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Proceedings of the 8 th Asian Regio
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand On-
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand Fro
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand Tab
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand Tab
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Harris et al. humid, sub-tropical c
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Harris et al. In Pakistan, priming
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Table 2. Effect of priming duration
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