Section 3 (Crop Management)

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Ameta and Sharma cm) intercropped with soybean in 2:2 row ratios followed by wheat. This was significantly superior to the rest of the intercropping treatments, which was higher by 20.32 per cent over that calculated under the check plot (62.87 q/ha). Maize equivalent yield significantly increased with increasing level of nitrogen up to 160 kg N/ha (78.10 q/ha ) however, the B:C ratio declined beyond the level of 100 kg N / ha .Net returns and B:C ratio analysis indicated that the highest maize equivalent yield (75.65 q/ha) with the maximum net returns of Rs. 23,670 / ha having a B:C ratio of 1.99 was calculated when maize in paired rows was intercropped with soybean in 2:2 row ratios, followed by wheat. Blackgram intercropping in a similar fashion was the next best treatment (Rs. 22,496 /ha) in sustaining productivity of wheat as compared to the check (Rs.19,675 /ha ). These results are in conformity with the findings of Shah et al., 1991 and Das and Mathur 1980. Nutrient studies Organic corbon contents varied with different inter-cropping treatments (Table-3). After completion of the study the check plot, having pure maize-wheat rotation, showed a decline in soil organic corbon of 3.84%, while blackgram and soybean inter-cropping with maize in paired rows in 2:2 row ratio followed by wheat analyzed increased content of organic corbon in soil as 0.65 and 0.67%, respectively, compared to initial values of 0.52%. Total nitrogen content of soil also increased with increasing level of nitrogen (Table-4) in all the intercropping treatments. The highest total nitrogen (1380 kg/ha) was computed under maize+soybean (paired rows in 2:2 row ratios (30/90cm)) wheat treatment with net positive N balance of 132 kg/ha under 160 kg N/ha level. This increase in N availability might be due to the decaying of nodules of legumes. Similar findings were reported by Singh and Awasthi, (1982) and Singh and Bajpai, (1991). It is evident from the data pertaining to net nitrogen balance (Table-4) that inter-cropping with soybean/blackgram even at lowest N level (i.e. 40 kg N/ha) had a positive net soil nitrogen balance which indicates that legume intercrops sustain the maize-wheat production even at low level of nitrogen application. Contribution of atmospheric N fixation was computed by different legume intercrops during three years of experimentation, which varied from 111.67 to 170.67 kg/ha (Table-5). Soybean intercropping with maize in paired rows in 2:2 row ratios followed by wheat contributed to about 170.67 kg N/ha in three years of study. Quantity of nitrogen fixed by legumes serves as an input for subsequent crops depending upon the quantum fixed. These results are in confirmation with Aardesna et al. (1993), who reported symbiotic nitrogen fixation ranging from 20-300 kg N/ha by Rhizobium-legume symbiotic association. Thus, intercropping with these legume crops during the rainy season produced highest yields and maintained soil health. Conclusion Maize in paired rows (30/90 cm) with soybean in 2:2 row followed by wheat gives the highest net return of Rs23,670/ha having a B:C ratio of 1.99 and increased contents of organic carbon in soil as 0.67 percent compared to initial values of 0.52 per cent. Nitrogen balance under different intercropping treatments was worked out .The highest buildup of soil N (i.e.132 kg N/ha) was obtained under this intercropping treatment. Contribution of intercrops to fix atmospheric nitrogen during three years of experimentation was computed, which varied from 109 to 172 kg/ha. This treatment contributed the highest atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Thus, soybean intercropping with maize in paired rows in 2:2 row ratios followed by wheat was found to be the most sustainable for sub-humid southern zone of Rajasthan, India. - 252 -
Literature Cited Maize-wheat systems Ardeshna, R.B.; Modhwadia, M. M.; Khanpara, V. D. and Patel, J.C. (1993). Response of greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) to nitrogen, phosphorus and Rhizobium inoculation. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 38 :490-492. Das, S. K. and Mathur, B. P. (1980). Relative performance of different kharif legumes as pure and intercrops in maize and their residual effect on wheat. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 25 :743-745. Jackson, M.L. (1967). Soil Chemical Analysis Prentice-hall of India private limited, New Delhi. Lyon, T. L. and Bizzell, J.A. (1934). Agronomy Journal, 26:651. Panse, V. G. and Sukhantme (1954). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi Shah, M. H.; Koul, P. K. ; Khanday, B. A. and Kachroo, D.(1991). Production potential and monitetary advantage index of maize intercropped with different grain legumes. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 36 :23-28. Sharma, R. S. and Choubey, S. D. (1991). Effect of maize (zea mays) legume intercropping system on nitrogen economy and nutrient status of soil. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 36 :743-745. Shivay, Y. S.; Singh, R. P. and Pandey, S. C. (1999). Response of nitrogen in maize (Zea mays) based intercropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 44 :261- 266. Singh, B. and Awasthi, O. P. (1982). Intercropping with legume and oil seed crops in maize at different spacing under rainfed conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 27 :334-337. Singh, V. K. and Bajpai, R. P. (1991). Intercropping in maize (Zea mays) under rainfed condition. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 36 :398-399. Venugopal, N. and Shivashankar. K.(1991). Influence of maize (Zea mays) crop residue and nitrogen on the productivity and economics maize+soyben (Glycine max) intercropping under paired system of planting. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 36 :502-507. - 253 -
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Figure 1. Farmers planting corn usi
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Figure 5a. Status of the field at p
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Proceedings of the 8 th Asian Regio
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand On-
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand Fro
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand Tab
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Maize-rice rotation in Thailand Tab
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Harris et al. humid, sub-tropical c
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Harris et al. In Pakistan, priming
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Table 2. Effect of priming duration
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