Hydro-Mechanical Properties of an Unsaturated Frictional Material

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82 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS during the experiment were measured using a dial gauge fixed to the top of the specimen. To ensure no expansions of the column due to stress the strain at loading condition cell filled with Hostun sand and water up to top edge was calculated. A strain of ε = 0.0002 was derived that is negligible small and not influencing the testing procedure and experimental results. 4.4 Sand Column II The sand column testing device II (see Fig. 4.7) is additionally used to determine the soil- water characteristic curve of Hostun sand specimen. Due to the ceramic disk on the bottom of the cell in contrast to the sand column testing device I, the sand column testing device II allows to induce a predefined suction to the specimen using axis-translation technique. By applying air pressure on top of the cell to the specimen, a suction is induced and thus the influence of transient state condition on the shape of the soil-water characteristic curve is investigated. During the tests the attached dial gauge at the top of the cell was measuring the volume changes in the specimen. Even there is the possibility to perform drainage as well imbibition cycles in the testing device II, in this study the cell was used only for performing drainage procedure. As shown in Fig. 4.8 the experimental set up consists of a Trase System including Mul- tiplexer and 3 TDR sensors (Time Domain Reflectometry), 3 tensiometers connected to a datalogger, 2 computers for computing and saving experimental results and the cell. The schematic cross sectional area of the column testing device is given in Fig. 4.9. It contains a bottom part with a 100 kPa ceramic disk and a water reservoir below the disk, a plexiglas tube 282 mm in height and 240 mm in diameter and a top part with a loading piston. The loading piston consists of a plate made of plastic. To the loading piston a dial gauge is at- Datalogger Air-pressure system - ua sensors tensiometer and TDR and Trase Multiplexer Column outlet Figure 4.7: Column testing device II Water
4.4. SAND COLUMN II 83 Domain Sensors Time Multiplexer Reflectometry T2 Trase T3 T1 TDR2 TDR3 TDR1 Soil specimen 1 PC 383 Datalogger Tensiometer Figure 4.8: Set up of the column testing device II Cylinder 2075 30876060 Loading piston plastic disc Perforated tube Plexiglas Supply for sensors Ceramic disc Water reservoir Supply for sensors Water supply 25.5 25.5 240 30 Figure 4.9: Cross sectional area of the column testing device II tached for measuring volume changes of the specimen during testing procedure. For further investigations the piston on top of the cell will enable to apply vertical stress to the specimen. An air-pressure system is connected at the top of the cell to the air compartment for inducing matric suction to the soil specimen. The top part and the bottom part are screwed by 3 bolts. One o-ring between the top plate and the plexiglas tube as well as one o-ring PC 2
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Hydro-Mechanical Properties of Part
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Acknowledgement The present dissert
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3.2 Steps of Model Building . . . .
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11 Summary and Outlook 205 11.1 Gen
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2.16 Influence of Brooks and Corey
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6.2 Experimental results of soil-wa
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7.17 Unsaturated hydraulic conducti
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B.6 Experimental results and best f
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8.3 Constitutive parameters for the
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E ref ur Oedometer reference stiffn
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ρ Density (g/cm 3 ) ρd ρs Dry de
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2 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Figure 1.
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4 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - Model b
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6 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
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8 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART condu
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10 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART soil
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12 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART the
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14 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Figu
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16 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART - Su
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18 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART - Re
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20 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Volu
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22 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Drai
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24 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART wher
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26 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART drai
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28 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Tabl
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30 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Tabl
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132 CHAPTER 6. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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134 CHAPTER 6. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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136 CHAPTER 7. ANALYSIS AND INTERPR
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138 Observed values (-) Observed va
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164 Stiffness modulus (kPa) Stiffne
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172CHAPTER 8. NEW SWCC MODEL FOR SA
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186 CHAPTER 9. NUMERICAL SIMULATION
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CHAPTER 10. BEARING CAPACITY OF A S
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204 CHAPTER 10. BEARING CAPACITY OF
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206 CHAPTER 11. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
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214 APPENDIX A. DETAILS ZOU’S MOD
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216 APPENDIX A. DETAILS ZOU’S MOD
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218 APPENDIX B. SOIL-WATER CHARACTE
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230 APPENDIX C. COLLAPSE POTENTIAL
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232 Vertical strain (-) Vertical st
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234 APPENDIX E. NEW SWCC MODEL - DE
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240 40 50 30 APPENDIX E. NEW SWCC M
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242 Observed Values Number of obser
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244 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aubertin, M., Mbon
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246 BIBLIOGRAPHY Campbell, J. D. (1
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248 BIBLIOGRAPHY Davis, J. L. & Ann
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250 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ferré, P. A. & To
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252 BIBLIOGRAPHY Grozic, J. L. H.,
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254 BIBLIOGRAPHY Janbu, N. (1969),
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256 BIBLIOGRAPHY Lawton, E. C., Fra
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258 BIBLIOGRAPHY Mualem, Y. (1977),
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260 BIBLIOGRAPHY Phene, C. J., Hoff
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262 BIBLIOGRAPHY Rojas, J. C., Sali
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264 BIBLIOGRAPHY Stoimenova, E., Da
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266 BIBLIOGRAPHY Vanapalli, S. K. &
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268 BIBLIOGRAPHY Unsaturated Geotec
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Schriftenreihe des Lehrstuhls für
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Herausgeber: Th. Triantafyllidis 32
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Hydro-Mechanical Properties of an Unsaturated Frictional Material

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