Hydro-Mechanical Properties of an Unsaturated Frictional Material

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3.2 Steps of Model Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3.2.1 Collection of Data for Model Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3.2.2 Selection of the Model Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 3.2.3 Appropriate Data Transformation and Selection of the New Model . . . 71 3.2.4 Model Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 3.2.5 Model Assumption and Model Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 3.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4 Experimental Setups 75 4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.2 Modified Pressure Plate Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.3 Sand Column I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4.4 Sand Column II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.5 UPC Controlled-Suction Oedometer Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 4.6 Equipment used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.6.1 Tensiometer Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.6.2 Time Domain Reflectometry Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5 Material used and Experimental Program 95 5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.2 Hostun Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.3 Specimen Preparation and Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.4 Experimental Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 5.4.1 Tests Performed using Modified Pressure Plate Apparatus . . . . . . . . 109 5.4.2 Tests Performed using Sand Column I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.4.3 Tests Performed using Sand Column II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 5.4.4 One Dimensional Compression and Rebound Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 5.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6 Experimental Results 115 6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.2 Soil-Water Characteristic Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.2.1 Steady State Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 6.2.2 Transient State Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 6.3 Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 6.4 Volumetric Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 6.4.1 Stress-Strain Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 6.4.2 Collapse Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
7 Analysis and Interpretation of the Experimental Results 135 7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 7.2 Soil-Water Characteristic Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 7.2.1 Residual Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 7.2.2 Steady State Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 7.2.3 Transient State Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 7.2.4 Comparison of Steady State and Transient State Results . . . . . . . . . 149 7.3 Hysteresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 7.3.1 Hysteretic Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Model by Zou (2003, 2004) 150 7.3.2 Hysteretic Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Model by Feng & Fredlund (1999), Pham (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 7.4 Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 7.5 Volumetric Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 7.5.1 Stiffness Modulus, Compression and Swelling Index . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 7.5.2 Collapse Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 7.5.3 Influence of Stress History on Mechanical Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 7.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 8 New SWCC Model for Sand including Scanning Curves 171 8.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 8.2 Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 8.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 9 Numerical Simulation of Column Test by FEM 185 9.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 9.2 Model used for Numerical Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 9.3 Setup of Numerical Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 9.4 Comparison of Simulation Results and Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . 188 9.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 10 Bearing Capacity of a Strip Footing on Unsaturated Hostun Sand 195 10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 10.2 Bearing Capacity Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 10.3 Experimental Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 10.4 Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 10.5 Prediction of Bearing Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 10.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Page 1: Hydro-Mechanical Properties of Part
Page 5: Acknowledgement The present dissert
Page 10 and 11: 11 Summary and Outlook 205 11.1 Gen
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Page 24: ρ Density (g/cm 3 ) ρd ρs Dry de
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32 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART by W
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34 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART proc
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36 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART - Im
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38 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART auth
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40 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART 2.5.
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42 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Volu
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44 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Volu
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46 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART fitt
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48 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Satu
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50 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART when
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52 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Degr
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54 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART 1. T
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56 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART 0.2
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58 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART meth
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60 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART When
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62 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART Vert
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64 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART a) S
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66 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART - Ja
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68 CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE ART
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70 CHAPTER 3. INTRODUCTION TO PROCE
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76 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS s
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78 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS 1
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80 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS D
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82 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS d
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84 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS b
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86 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS t
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90 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS D
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94 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS T
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96 CHAPTER 5. MATERIAL USED AND EXP
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98 CHAPTER 5. MATERIAL USED AND EXP
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100 CHAPTER 5. MATERIAL USED AND EX
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116 CHAPTER 6. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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136 CHAPTER 7. ANALYSIS AND INTERPR
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138 Observed values (-) Observed va
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164 Stiffness modulus (kPa) Stiffne
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172CHAPTER 8. NEW SWCC MODEL FOR SA
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186 CHAPTER 9. NUMERICAL SIMULATION
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CHAPTER 10. BEARING CAPACITY OF A S
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204 CHAPTER 10. BEARING CAPACITY OF
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206 CHAPTER 11. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
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214 APPENDIX A. DETAILS ZOU’S MOD
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216 APPENDIX A. DETAILS ZOU’S MOD
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218 APPENDIX B. SOIL-WATER CHARACTE
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230 APPENDIX C. COLLAPSE POTENTIAL
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232 Vertical strain (-) Vertical st
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234 APPENDIX E. NEW SWCC MODEL - DE
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240 40 50 30 APPENDIX E. NEW SWCC M
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242 Observed Values Number of obser
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244 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aubertin, M., Mbon
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246 BIBLIOGRAPHY Campbell, J. D. (1
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248 BIBLIOGRAPHY Davis, J. L. & Ann
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250 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ferré, P. A. & To
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252 BIBLIOGRAPHY Grozic, J. L. H.,
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254 BIBLIOGRAPHY Janbu, N. (1969),
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256 BIBLIOGRAPHY Lawton, E. C., Fra
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258 BIBLIOGRAPHY Mualem, Y. (1977),
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260 BIBLIOGRAPHY Phene, C. J., Hoff
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262 BIBLIOGRAPHY Rojas, J. C., Sali
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264 BIBLIOGRAPHY Stoimenova, E., Da
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266 BIBLIOGRAPHY Vanapalli, S. K. &
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268 BIBLIOGRAPHY Unsaturated Geotec
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Schriftenreihe des Lehrstuhls für
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Herausgeber: Th. Triantafyllidis 32
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Hydro-Mechanical Properties of an Unsaturated Frictional Material

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