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1888 Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. Log10 (CFU/ml) Time (h) Figure 1. The time-kill curves of HFK and AM against the standard MRSA ( ATCC 33591) strain. Log10 (CFU/ml) Time (h) Figure 2. The time-kill curves of HFK and AM against the Clinical Isolate MRSA ( DPS-3) strain. to have good antimicrobial activity. Additional research in the future with detailed analysis to determine exact composition and development of a new antibiotic by deriving natural products such as K. yomena should be positively considered. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was supported by Sunchon National University Research Fund in 2012. REFERENCES Abate G, Mshana RN, Miorner H (1998). Evaluation of a colorimetric assay based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) for rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2: 1011-1016. Ahmad I, Mehmood Z, Mohammad F (1998). Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. J. Ethnopharmacol., 62: 183-193. Bae JS, Kim TH (2009). Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Properties of Aster yomena Extract Korean. J. Herbol., 24(4): 121- 126. Berahou A, Auhmani A, Fdil N, Benharref A, Jana M, and Gadhi CA (2007). Antibacterial activity of Quercus ilex bark’s extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 112: 426-429. CLSI (2000). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibitity tests. For bacteria that aerobically Approved standards. CLSI document M7-A5. Wayne PA. CLSI (2001). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved standards. CLSI document M2 A7 Wayne PA. CLSI (2006). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically Approved standard. CLSI document M7-A7 Villanova PA. Ghosh A, Das BK, Roy A, Mandal B, Chandra G (2008). Antibactrial activity of some medicinal plant extracts. J. Natl. Med., 62: 259-262 Guadalupe Miranda-Novales, Blanca E Leaños-Miranda, Mariano Vilchis-Pérez, Fortino Solórzano-Santos (2006). In vitro activity effects of combinations of cephalothin, dicloxacillin, imipenem, vancomycin and amikacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. strains. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 5: 25. Jung BM, Lim SS, Park YJ, Bae SJ (2005). Inhibitory effects on cell survival and quinone reductase induced activity of Aster yomena Fractions on Human Cancer Cells. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 34: 8-12.
Klevens RM, Morrison M A, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, Ray S, Harrison LH, Lynfield H, Dumyati G, Townes JM, Craig AS, Zell ER, Fosheim GE, McDougal LK, Carey RB and Fridkin SK (2007). Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the United States. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 298: 1763-1771. Lee YN (1996). New Flora of Korea(I). Kyohaksa. Seoul. p. 289 Mazumdar K, Dutta NK, Kumar KA, Dastidar SG (2005). In vitro and in vivo synergism between tetracycline and the cardiovascular agent oxyfedrine HCl against common bacterial strains. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28: 713-717. Nascimento AM, Brandao MG, Oliveira GB, Fortes IC, Chartone-Souza E (2007). Synergistic bactericidal activity of Eremanthus erythropappus oil or beta-bisabolene with ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus. Antonie Van Leeuwenheok, 92(1): 95-100. Kim et al. 1889 Scheuber PH, Mossmann H, Beck G, Hammer DK (1983). Direct skin test in highly sensitized guinea pigs for rapid and sensitive determination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 46: 1351-1356. Shi YJ, Chen J, Xu M (2008). A new method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of in vitro-cultured bacteria by means of resonance light scattering technique. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18: 118-123. Tenover FC (2006). Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. Am. J. Med., 119: 3-10. Yeon BR, Lee SE, Noh HS, Kim SM (2011). Fragrance and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Aster yomena Makino in Gangwon. Korea J. Agric., Life Environ. Sci., 23: 1.
Page 1 and 2: African Journal of Pharmacy and Pha
Page 3 and 4: Editors Sharmilah Pamela Seetulsing
Page 5 and 6: Electronic submission of manuscript
Page 7 and 8: Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
Page 13 and 14: Minimum inhibitory concentration (M
Page 15: Kim et al. 1887 Table 4. Antimicrob
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1. Chemical structure of ten
Page 21 and 22: ng/ml by 4.9 ml blank plasma with 5
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Page 25 and 26: Figure 7. Chromatogram of a healthy
Page 27 and 28: Figure 11. Chromatograms of standar
Page 31 and 32: Shatoor 1903 Figure 1. The effect o
Page 33 and 34: Heart rate (Beats/min.) 345 330 315
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. Percent of changes in hear
Page 37 and 38: heart rate on coronary flow and car
Page 39 and 40: Urinary tract infections are the mo
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Page 43 and 44: Table 1. contd. Sun GQ 37 007 Ross
Page 45 and 46: Study or Subgroup Cai SF 2003 Gao H
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Page 49 and 50: cure rate and clinical effective ra
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. The expression of KAI1 and
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Page 59 and 60: Excretion studies Figure 4 shows th
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Page 65 and 66: ethinylestradiol /100 g levonorgest
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HO CH 2OH O OH OH OCH 2CH 2 OH Figu
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A B Figure 3. Bax positive cells of
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African Journal of Pharmacy and Pha
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Table 1. Summary of specific reacti
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Figure 3. Effects of the sap of Jat
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Figure 1. A schematic diagram showi
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Chen et al. 1953 Figure 4. Concentr
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Figure 6. Representative photomicro
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shock. The features of PHC can expl
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Administration of single or repeate
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Table 1. Effects of green tea on SO
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Ozardali I, Bitiren M, Ali ZK, Zeri
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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Materials an
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Scavenging rate (%) Figure 1 Scaven
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A D Figure 5 Figure Effects 5. of E
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Figure 1. Level-spacing distributio
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Number of cases Pattern Shi et al.
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sodium was then dissolved in 1000 m
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Concentration (ppm) Concentration (
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various contagious diseases such as
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Table 3. Antibacterial MIC (µg/ml)
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Table 5. Contd. 1/5 14.7 ± 0.6 39.
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 6th European C
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