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1922 Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and prostatitis, Clin. Microbiol. Infect.,12 (3): 67-80. Wagenlehner FM, Naber KG (2006). Treatment of bacterial urinary tract infections, presence and future, Eur. Urol., 49(2): 235-244. Wang G, Pei YH (2009). Moxifloxacin, Azithromycin, Minocycline for Treatment of Women’s Nongonococcal Genito-urethritis, China Modern Doctor, 47(3): 25-26. Wang G, Pei YH (2009). Clinical study of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin for treating women's urinary tract infection, China Pharmaceuticals, 18(11): 56-57. Wang X, Zeng YB, Xu JH (2009). Clinical efficacy of moxifloxacin in treating nongonococcal urethritis/Cervicitis, Chinese J/ Gen. Pract., 7(1): 9-10. Zhang YH, Lu JZ (2009). The cost-effectiveness analysis of patients with urinary tract infection with moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. Chin. J. Postgrad. Med.,32(18):17-19 Zhang HG, Li YJ, Dong CH (2007). Safety and Pharmacoeconomics of Moxifloxacin in the Management of Urinogenital Infection. Evaluation and Analysis of Drug-use in Hospitals of China, 7(2): 143-145. Zhang WF, Xie SX, Yang JX, Li JL (2004). Moxifloxacin in treatment of Mycoplasma infection in urinary and reproductive system: randomized controlled study, Chin. J. Nosocomiol., 14(5): 567-569. Zheng HZ (2010). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin for urinary tract infection, China Pharmaceuticals, 19(7): 62-63.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 6(26), pp. 1923-1926, 15 July, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPP DOI: 10.5897/AJPP12.197 ISSN 1996-0816 ©2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper The expression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in breast cancer tissues Tong Zhang 1 *, Guoping Ren 1 , Zhenhai Zhang 1 , Rui Zhang 1 and Yuanhang Li 2 1 Department of Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, He Nan, China. 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Tumor Hospital, Liao Ning, China. Accepted 8 June, 2012 The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 protein and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in breast carcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed 60 cases of patients from June, 2005 to June, 2011 treated with radical mastectomy for invasive ductal breast cancer in our department. The carcinoma tissue was stained for KAI1 and MMP2 with immunohistochemistry. In breast cancer group, the positive expression rate of KAI1 was 41.7%, which was significantly lower than control (83.3%) (� 2 = 17.328, P < 0.05); the positive expression rate of MMP- 2 was 80.0%, which was significantly higher than control group (16.7%) (� 2 = 41.637, P < 0.05). Within the breast cancer patients, the group with lymph node metastasis showed higher positive rate of KAI1 and MMP2 expression than those without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The patients with tumor diameter more than 5 cm showed lower positive rate of KAI1 but higher positive rate of MMP-2 expression than patient group with tumor diameter less than 5 cm. Additionally, tumor-nodesmetastasis III (TNM III) grade patients showed lower positive rate of KAI1 but higher positive rate of MMP-2 expression than patient group in I and II grades. KAI1 and MMP-2 were highly expressed in breast cancer tissues. The positive expression of KAI1 and MMP-2 were associated with tumor metastasis, tumor size, TNM grades etc. Key words: Breast cancer, KAI1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), immunohistochemistry. INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers in woman, with increasing incidences in recent decades. The causes of mortality by breast cancer mainly include the lymph node and blood metastasis (Budach, 2011; Ruiterkamp and Ernst, 2011). Therefore, the investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling tumor metastasis is critical in breast cancer control and treatment. KAI1 is a newly identified inhibitory gene for tumor metastasis, while its role in breast cancer metastasis has not been fully investigated (Dong et al., 1995; Ueda et al., 1996; Yang et al., 1997). Additionally, matrix *Corresponding author. E-mail: zhongtong_cancer@163.com. Tel: +86 373 2039 091. metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) has also been known for its roles in tumor invasion and metastasis due to its degrading function of the basal membrane and the extracellular matrix (ECM) components (Cockett et al., 1998; Bachmeier et al., 2005; Jezierska and Motyl, 2009). However, whether these two factors jointly involved in tumor/breast cancer metastasis is unknown. The present study investigated the changes of KAI1 and MMP-2 in breast cancer patients and correlated the results with clinical pathological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data Sixty (60) cases of patients (24 to 70 years old with a mean of 43.6 ± 11.5 years old, median age 45 years old) from June, 2005 to
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 6th European C
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