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African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 6(26). pp. 1949-1957, 15 July, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPP DOI: 10.5897/AJPP12.399 ISSN 1996-0816 © 2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride and anisodamine on acute kidney injury induced by two-hit Rats Dong-Ting Chen 1 , Chun-Shui Lin *1 , Miao-Ning Gu 1 , Zhen-Long Zhao 1 , Rang-Hui Yu 2 , Jin-Dong Xu 1 and Man-Ling Tan 3 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Nan Fang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. 2 Department of ICU, Hospital of Guangdong Province Hydropower Group Company Limited, Guangzhou 511340, China. 3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nan Fang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. Accepted 25 May, 2012 Anticholinergics have effects on organs with hemorrhage-reperfusion injury. The present study investigated the benefit effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) and anisodamine (ANI) on hemorrhage-reperfusion and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (two hits) induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Administration of PHC and ANI do not only remarkedly reduced the plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Histopathological observation showed that PHC and ANI treatment markedly relieved renal histopathological damages, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Furthermore, immunohistochemistrical study presented that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was increased after two hits management, which could be attenuated by PHC and ANI treatment. These data indicated that PHC and ANI had the benefit effects on AKI resulting from two-hits in rats. The effects of PHC treatment were better than ANI. Key words: Anisodamine, penehyclidine hydrochloride, two hits, acute kidney injury. INTRODUCTION It is generally accepted that severe infection, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock can activate inflammatory action leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that SIRS could contribute to the induction of acute kidney injury (AKI) (Zager et al., 2005). In the surgical intensive care unit, critically sick patients suffered from various insults that resulted in their organ function deterioration, while inflammation after renal ischemiareperfusion injury (IRI) was a leading contributor to renal cell death, and SIRS was an important factor and the potential mechanism to AKI ( Lee et al., 2007; Aregger et al., 2009). *Corresponding author. E-mail: lifeholder@126.com. Fax: +86 020 61641881. The two-hit theory has become increasingly accepted. It is believed that a less severe traumatic or hemorrhagic insult as “the first hit” to activate an inflammatory environment; and the subsequent insults, infectious or non-infectious, as “the second hit” may amplify the preexisting inflammatory state into SIRS (Saadia and Schein, 1999). In order to investigate the clinical pathophysiology changes of AKI which resulted from various insults, the two-hit model was duplicated by two-hits of hemorrhage-reperfusion and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can reflect the pathology, pathophysiology and complexity of clinically severe hemorrhage and sepsis shock. Anisodamine (ANI) is extracted from a Chinese herb Anisodus tanguticus. Because of its capability of improving the microcirculatory flow and splanchnic perfusion, ANI has been reported to work as an antishock medicine to treat burn shock, septic shock, and
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African Journal of Pharmacy and Pha
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Editors Sharmilah Pamela Seetulsing
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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African Journal of Pharmacy and Pha
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Minimum inhibitory concentration (M
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Kim et al. 1887 Table 4. Antimicrob
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Klevens RM, Morrison M A, Nadle J,
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Figure 1. Chemical structure of ten
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ng/ml by 4.9 ml blank plasma with 5
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Figure 5. Chromatogram of plasma sp
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Page 43 and 44: Table 1. contd. Sun GQ 37 007 Ross
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Page 53 and 54: Table 1. The expression of KAI1 and
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Page 63 and 64: Table 1. Statistical results of the
Page 65 and 66: ethinylestradiol /100 g levonorgest
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