1968 Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. No (µmol/L) Absorbance at 540 nm Figure 3 Effects of saponin on phagocytic activity (the left ) and macrophage viability Figure 3. Effects of saponin on phagocytic activity (the left) and macrophage viability (the right). All values represent triplicate (the mean right) values All ± values SE. Different represent uppercase triplicate letters on mean different values columns ± SE. are significantly Different uppercase different between letters groups on by LSD (P different < 0.01). The columns same letters are suggested significantly that differences different between groups groups were not by statistically LSD (P same 0.05). letters suggested differences between groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). A D B Various samples Figure 4 Effects of saponin on NO production All values represent triplicate mean values ± SE. Different uppercase Figure letters on 4. different Effects columns of saponin are significantly on NO different production. between groups All by values LSD (P0.05). letters on different columns are significantly different between groups by LSD (P < 0.01). The same letters suggested that differences between groups were not statistically significant P>0.05). production (Granger et al., 1996). The effects of saponin on NO production in peritoneal macrophage are shown in Figure 4. Macrophages treated by LPS and saponins with various concentrations produced larger amounts of NO than that treated with PBS (P
A D Figure 5 Figure Effects 5. of Effects saponin of saponin on IL-1 on production IL-1 production. All All values values represent represent triplicate mean values ± triplicate SE. Different mean values uppercase ± SE. letters Different on uppercase different columns letters on are different significantly different between columns groups are by LSD significantly (P (P>0.05). 0.05). proved that steroidal saponin from tuber of O. japonicus would regulate immune response such as anti-infection, anti-tumor, and promote proliferation and differentiation of lymphocyte, etc. Conclusion Based on the aforementioned results, it was concluded that saponin from O. japonicus belonged to steroidal saponin. It exhibited strong free radical-scavenging activity on DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical. The scavenging rate of it on DPPH radical was 99.64% when the concentration of it was up to 5 mg/ml. For hydroxyl radical, it ascended first and then descended gradually with the increase of concentration, and being the highest scavenging rate at the concentration of 2 mg/ml, which was significantly stronger than that of BHA and close to ascorbic acid. Saponin also demonstrated remarkable macrophages-modulating activities by the promotion of phagocytic capacity, macrophage viability rate, NO and interleukin-1 production, all of which appeared in an evident dose-dependent manner. To further address the correlation between the structure, and the antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of this saponin, purification and chemical characterization of dominant saponin compounds from Ophiopogonis japonicas is in progress. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported financially by Doctor Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology (06zx7122). B C E REFERENCES Shuang-Li et al. 1969 Anh NTH, Sung TV, Porzel A, Franke K, Wessjohann LA (2003). 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