An innovative greywater treatment system for urban areas ... - SuSanA

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Table 10: Matrix of utility analysis; (by K. Löw) Assessment criteria Weighting Discretionary ∑= 100% Rating input Description of rating Rating Info not available Result H Health and hygiene criteria 6% 0 H1 Quality of purified greywater 0 not considered H2 Stability of permeate quality 0 not considered highly enforced = 10, Legislative requirements for medium enforced = 5, low wastewater treatment technologies, enforced = 1, no H3 quality directives 6 requirements = 0 0 E Economic criteria 39% 0 Direct governmental funding for high = 10, medium = 5, low E1 treatment plants 4 = 1, no = 0 0 Indirect incentives on greywater high = 10, medium = 5, low E2 treatment systems 4 = 1, no = 0 0 Investment costs of the system high = 1, medium = 5, low = E3 (treatment plant, piping system) 4 10 0 E4 Operating expenses (maintenance, spare parts) 5 E5 Charge for energy (in general) 5 E6 Charge for drinking water (in general) 7 E7 Charge for waste water (in general) 7 E8 Price of land 3 high = 1, medium = 5, low = 10 0 high = 1, medium = 5, low = 10 0 high = 10, medium = 5, low = 1 0 high = 10, medium = 5, low = 1 0 high = 10, medium = 5, low = 1 0 T Functional and technical criteria 0% 0 T1 Yearly maintenance 0 not considered T2 Stability of operation and quality 0 not considered T3 Breakdowns 0 not considered N Environmental criteria 41% 0 N1 Water scarcity (physical/economical) 12 N2 Freshwater quality 5 N3 Number of persons situated in the building 8 high = 10, medium = 5, low = 1, no = 0 0 high = 1, medium = 5, low = 10 0 big amount (> 100 persons) = 10, medium amount (10 - 100 persons) = 5, small amount = 1 (< 10 persons) 0 N4 Accumulation of greywater 10 high (overnight accommodation) = 10, medium (operation in the daytime + showering) = 5, low (operation in the daytime) = 1 0 N5 Sewer system available 2 no = 10, yes = 1 high = 10, medium = 5, low = 0 N6 Population/settlement density 2 1 high = 10, medium = 5, low = 0 N7 Urbanisation 2 1 0 S Socio-cultural criteria 14% 0 S1 General acceptance of greywater reuse 5 high (toilet flushing, irrigation, laundry) = 10, medium = 5 (toilet flushing, irrigation), low = 1 (toilet flushing or irrigatin) 0 high = 10, medium = 5, low = 1 0 S2 Ecological awareness 5 S3 Pioneer in this area 4 yes = 10, no = 1 0 Degree of fulfilment Result [%] 0 n. a. citeria 0 28
2.5 METHOD TO IDENTIFY IDEAL INTERNATIONAL APPLICATIONS OF MBR TECHNOLOGY According to the utility analysis, it is possible to evaluate a planned project in regard to its feasibility of international transferability. However, it is also possible to identify areas, regions, or countries, where an implementation of greywater treatment via MBR is particularly reasonable. This latter approach can only outline a rough estimation of global hotspots, due to regional differences. The regional distinctions and conditions may vary widely within narrow spaces, hence it is only possible to make suggestions and give directions. For the investigation of a proposed project, accurate local data must necessarily be used to estimate the transferability of MBR technology. An evaluation of global hot-spots for international transferability can mainly be done based on a limited number of criteria. It was not possible to investigate the legislative requirements (H3) for greywater recycling on an international scale. Also, data on direct (E1) and indirect (E2) governmental support is difficult to acquire and it was particularly not possible within the given time for this work. The same problem appeared on the identification of the water prices (E6). All these data is difficult to identify and it varies regionally. For example, the water price depends on various circumstances; the supply by tanker trucks is much more expensive than by public utilities (see Figure 17) and the provision of water supply can differ regionally. Additionally, subsidised water prices are widespread. In the past, water for agriculture was often subsidised to make agriculture more competitive or even to make it generally possible in some regions. Therefore, water is often cheap even though it is very scarce (Paeger, 2011). Figure 17: Water price [US$/m 2 ] for different channels of supply; (UNEP, 2008) Similarly, energy (E5), wastewater (E7), and land prices (E8) differ locally. Hence, these issues were not regarded as appropriate criteria for the evaluation of the ideal international applications for MBR technology. Economic aspects such as investment cost (E3) and operation expenses (E4) differ from project to project and cannot be configured or standardised. Therefore, no economic criteria were contemplated in order to identify the international transferability of greywater treatment technology. 29
Page 1 and 2: Master’s Thesis AN INNOVATIVE GRE
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT In its German headquarters
Page 5 and 6: 3.7 Identification of global hotspo
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Overview of
Page 9 and 10: ABBREVIATIONS AHP Analytical hierar
Page 11 and 12: 1 INTRODUCTION In regions of the wo
Page 13 and 14: 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 LITERAT
Page 15 and 16: To get an overview of chronological
Page 17 and 18: Table 2: Microbiological load of gr
Page 19 and 20: 2.1.5 TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Genera
Page 21 and 22: Figure 7: Ground plot of GIZ main b
Page 23 and 24: Figure 10: Schematic view of preced
Page 25 and 26: 3. Storage tank for permeate: In th
Page 27 and 28: 2.4 GREYWATER TREATMENT VIA MBR TEC
Page 29 and 30: matrix that shows all objective cri
Page 31 and 32: � Socio-cultural criteria o Gener
Page 33 and 34: Only the legislative requirements f
Page 35 and 36: An important factor for the assessm
Page 37: equirements of purity (Sieghart, 20
Page 41 and 42: Population per km 2 arable land: 0
Page 43 and 44: such as in densely populated areas.
Page 45 and 46: Table 13: International greywater t
Page 47 and 48: Due to the complexities, involved i
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 PLANT TECHNOLOGY IN ESCHBORN As
Page 51 and 52: humins, which are high molecular or
Page 53 and 54: 3.4 SANIRESCH RESEARCH PROJECT AND
Page 55 and 56: ut in a hotel the drain from shower
Page 57 and 58: Cleaning water for preceeding scree
Page 59 and 60: Water costs: In contrast to energy
Page 61 and 62: treatment plants in different circu
Page 63 and 64: 3.6 INVESTIGATION OF INTERNATIONAL
Page 65 and 66: “Dead Sea Spa” hotel/Jordan; (a
Page 67 and 68: In this comparison of three project
Page 69 and 70: In the Near East and North Africa m
Page 71 and 72: Table 26: Water quality index (WQI)
Page 73 and 74: 3.7.4 URBANISATION Country populati
Page 75 and 76: Table 29: Ranking of countries idea
Page 77 and 78: e based on legal, economic, socio-c
Page 79 and 80: 3.8 FUTURE PROSPECTS 3.8.1 LEGAL FO
Page 81 and 82: 4 CONCLUSIONS The membrane bioreact
Page 83 and 84: 5 REFERENCES Ackermann, K. (2010).
Page 85 and 86: Herbst, H. (2008). Bewertung zentra
Page 87 and 88: Rohr, T. (2004). Einsatz eines mehr
Page 89 and 90:
Hauptgebäude. In S. fbr15, Wassera
Page 91 and 92:
6.5 ENERGY PRICE (GROSS) IN GERMANY
Page 93 and 94:
6.8 UTILITY ANALYSIS (TRIMMED-DOWN
Page 95 and 96:
Identification of ideal internation
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
6.9 POSTER 94
Page 103:
EHRENWÖRTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG Ich vers
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