An innovative greywater treatment system for urban areas ... - SuSanA

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Figure 24: Physiological population density based on population per arable land, [persons/m 2 ]; (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010) For the appraisal of most ideal countries to implement greywater treatment via MBR technology, the 32 identified countries suffering from water scarcity, were assessed according to physiological population density; the result is listed in Table 27. Table 27: Physiological population density of countries which were selected for investigation; (Muller, 2000) Country population/ km 2 1 Oman 11780 2 Western Sahara Territory 6780 3 United Arab Emirates 6404 4 Egypt 2688 5 Lebanon 2290 6 Israel 2147 7 Jordan 1886 8 Yemen 1350 9 China (north) 943 10 Pakistan 834 11 Saudi Arabia 807 12 Peru(coast) 761 13 India 753 14 Madagascar 626 15 Uzbekistan 601 16 Mozambique 473 17 Mexico 436 18 Algeria 431 19 Kyrgyzstan 411 20 Iran 405 21 Syria (south) 404 22 Morocco 387 23 Afghanistan 381 24 Tunisia 381 25 Libya 318 62
3.7.4 URBANISATION Country population/ km 2 26 Turkey (west) 303 27 South Africa 300 28 Spain north east 297 29 Turkmenistan 224 30 USA south west 179 31 Kazakhstan 69 32 Australia south 43 The urbanisation, as one of the issues to estimate the ideal application of membrane bioreactor technology, was assessed on the basis of “United Nations map of urban agglomerations in 2009”, (see Figure 25: Urban agglomerations in 2009 (proportion urban of the world: 50.1%); Figure 25). In Australia, North America and Scandinavia the main part of the population lives in urban spaces, but also in France, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Spain and large parts of South America the main proportion lives in cities. Figure 25: Urban agglomerations in 2009 (proportion urban of the world: 50.1%); (United Nations, 2010) To explain urbanisation here, especially the rural-urban migrations as a major source of urban growth, a push and pull model can be used. Push factors are not only agrarian overpopulation, but also inappropriate rural ownership structure, inadequate housing, poor infrastructure, lack of jobs and training opportunities. The pull factors include real or perceived better working conditions and higher income, education and training opportunities, especially for the children, the wider range of consumer goods and a less regimented society and family life. In general, the decision to migrate to an urban area is not only determined by one factor, but rather a combination of push and pull forces (Bähr, 2008). Referring to the identified 32 water scarce countries, the investigation gave the following results of urbanisation rate, as presented in Table 28. The list of countries is sorted in descending order. 63
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Master’s Thesis AN INNOVATIVE GRE
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ABSTRACT In its German headquarters
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3.7 Identification of global hotspo
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Overview of
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ABBREVIATIONS AHP Analytical hierar
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1 INTRODUCTION In regions of the wo
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2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 LITERAT
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To get an overview of chronological
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Table 2: Microbiological load of gr
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2.1.5 TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Genera
Page 21 and 22: Figure 7: Ground plot of GIZ main b
Page 23 and 24: Figure 10: Schematic view of preced
Page 25 and 26: 3. Storage tank for permeate: In th
Page 27 and 28: 2.4 GREYWATER TREATMENT VIA MBR TEC
Page 29 and 30: matrix that shows all objective cri
Page 31 and 32: � Socio-cultural criteria o Gener
Page 33 and 34: Only the legislative requirements f
Page 35 and 36: An important factor for the assessm
Page 37 and 38: equirements of purity (Sieghart, 20
Page 39 and 40: 2.5 METHOD TO IDENTIFY IDEAL INTERN
Page 41 and 42: Population per km 2 arable land: 0
Page 43 and 44: such as in densely populated areas.
Page 45 and 46: Table 13: International greywater t
Page 47 and 48: Due to the complexities, involved i
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 PLANT TECHNOLOGY IN ESCHBORN As
Page 51 and 52: humins, which are high molecular or
Page 53 and 54: 3.4 SANIRESCH RESEARCH PROJECT AND
Page 55 and 56: ut in a hotel the drain from shower
Page 57 and 58: Cleaning water for preceeding scree
Page 59 and 60: Water costs: In contrast to energy
Page 61 and 62: treatment plants in different circu
Page 63 and 64: 3.6 INVESTIGATION OF INTERNATIONAL
Page 65 and 66: “Dead Sea Spa” hotel/Jordan; (a
Page 67 and 68: In this comparison of three project
Page 69 and 70: In the Near East and North Africa m
Page 71: Table 26: Water quality index (WQI)
Page 75 and 76: Table 29: Ranking of countries idea
Page 77 and 78: e based on legal, economic, socio-c
Page 79 and 80: 3.8 FUTURE PROSPECTS 3.8.1 LEGAL FO
Page 81 and 82: 4 CONCLUSIONS The membrane bioreact
Page 83 and 84: 5 REFERENCES Ackermann, K. (2010).
Page 85 and 86: Herbst, H. (2008). Bewertung zentra
Page 87 and 88: Rohr, T. (2004). Einsatz eines mehr
Page 89 and 90: Hauptgebäude. In S. fbr15, Wassera
Page 91 and 92: 6.5 ENERGY PRICE (GROSS) IN GERMANY
Page 93 and 94: 6.8 UTILITY ANALYSIS (TRIMMED-DOWN
Page 95 and 96: Identification of ideal internation
Page 101 and 102: 6.9 POSTER 94
Page 103: EHRENWÖRTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG Ich vers
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