13th Annual International Management Conference Proceeding

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intrapreneurship and gave recommendations on how small businesses revamp themselves to ensure survival and growth. Arising from the information presented in this paper, the following conclusions can be made; 1. The survival and growth of small businesses is vital for the economy. It is therefore crucial that the businesses work towards this realisation. 2. Factors that cause business failures are numerous and the small business owners should be on the lookout to avoid being caught up. 3. Though start-ups in business are important, the small businesses owners need to realise that the sustenance can only be made from a continuous self-renewal and innovativeness to seek for new opportunities in the face of stiff competition. 4. Intrapreneurship should not just be the reserve of the business owner but should be encouraged within all employees through recognition and incentive system. 5. The business owner/manager has a key role in encouraging intrapreneurship and being intrapreneurial. He/She should therefore develop intrapreneurial competencies through continuous learning and selfdevelopment. 6. Intrapreneurship is closely determined the outcomes of the business venture. There are also certain prerequisites to its development in the organisation that the business owner/manager should institutionalise. 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The Survival of Small Businesses 1. There is need to develop and train small business owners in intrapreneurship. This will guarantee survival in the turbulent globalized market. 2. There is need to create forums where successful business people, who have been intrapreneurial, share and mentor the upcoming business people in intrapreneurship. 3. Intrapreneurship is curtailed in small business because of fear of the ‘entrepreneurial flight’… that the employees can move to start their own ventures and take with them the customers. It is therefore recommended that the business owners can establish a reward system so that the intrapreneur feels adequately compensated and safe to be creative and innovating in the organisation. For example through gain sharing and encouraging creativity. Recommendation for Future Research 1. There is need to study the factors that impede or discourage intrapreneurship in established small businesses. 2. Empirical studies on cause and effect relationships of the various factors in intrapreneurship need to be carried out. These would develop a model of intrapreneurship ain Kenya. 3. More cases and tracer studies need to be carried out on businesses that have survived beyond the 5year threshold to bring out the role of intrapreneurship. 53
REFERENCES 1. Antoncic, Bostjan and Hisrich, Robert D. (2003). “Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept”. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 10, No. 1, 7-24. 2. Antoncic, Bostjan – Hisrich, Robert D. (2001). “An Empirical Investigation of Impacts of Corporate Entrepreneurship-Related Contingencies on Organisational Wealth”. Case Western Reserve University. Down loaded on 20/2/05 from http://miha.ef.uni-lj.si/_dokumenti/wp/antoncic1.doc 3. Antoncic, Bostjan and Hisrich, Robert D., (2000). Intrapreneurship Modelling In Transition Economies: A Comparison of Slovenia and The United States, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 10849467, April 2000, Vol. 5, Issue 1 4. Bird, Barbara J. (1989). Entrepreneurial Behaviour. London, Scott, Foreman and Company. 5. Bos Dieter (1986). Public Enterprise Economics: Theory and Application. Amsterdam, Elservier Science Publishers. 6. Cornwall, J.R., & Perlman, B. (1990). Organizational Entrepreneurship. Boston; Irwin. 7. Cornwall Jeff (undated)Top 10 Reasons That Businesses Fail from http://forum.belmont.edu/mt/forumtb.cgi/1627 accessed 12/10/06 8. Covin, Jeffrey G. – Miles, Morgan P. (1999). Corporate Entrepreneurship and the Pursuit of Competitive Advantage. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Spring 1999, 47-63 9. Coughlin, Peter and Ikiara, K. Gerrishon (Eds) (1992). Industrialization in Kenya: In Search of a Strategy. Nairobi, East African Educational Publishers. 10. Copyright@Pinchot & company (1999). www.pinchot.com retrieved 22 March 2005 11. Cunningham, J. Barton and Lischeron, Joe (1991). “Defining Entrepreneurship”. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 29, No. 1, 45-61. 12. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), International Centre for Economic Growth and K-Rep holdings (1999). National Micro and Small Enterprise Baseline Survey. Nairobi, CBS. 13. Daily Nation, March 12, 2003; Nairobi, Nation Media group Limited 14. Daily Nation, June 16, 2005; Nairobi, Nation Media group limited 15. Dollinger, Marc J. (2001). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and Resources. 2 nd edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 16. Filion, Louis Jacques (2000). “From Entrepreneurship to Entreprenology”. Working Paper. The University of Montreal Business School 17. Free dictionary.com (2004). The Economy Of Kenya. Retrieved on 22 March 2005 from http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Economy+of+Kenya 18. Gay L. R. (1976). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application. Ohio, Charles Merril Publishing Company. 19. Government of Kenya (2004). Guidelines on Terms and Condition of Service for Sate Corporations’ Chief executive officers, Chairmen and Board Members Management and Unionisable staff. 23 rd November 2004. Nairobi. Government Printer 54
Page 1 and 2:
Gender diversity on the Board, Inte
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its own. Relationship-based assets
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Boards, for example, enable the fir
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H7: Firms with diverse boards are i
Page 9 and 10: 29. Johnson, J., Daily, C., and Ell
Page 11 and 12: population in Kenya especially in a
Page 13 and 14: John Adair highlighted the importan
Page 15 and 16: PRACTICAL ANALYSIS TO RESOLVING KEY
Page 17 and 18: SUB-THEME : SOCIO-CULTURAL ISSUES A
Page 19 and 20: ecognize and nourish their capabili
Page 21 and 22: threatened by increased dynamism in
Page 23 and 24: 2.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK At the ro
Page 25 and 26: 2.1 Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Dev
Page 27 and 28: FIGURE I: THE ROLE OF KENYA INSITIT
Page 29 and 30: 4.2.3 Researches Services This is a
Page 31 and 32: Source: GOK, Central Bureau of Stat
Page 33 and 34: with regard to training, research a
Page 35 and 36: REFERENCES 1. Balunywa Waswa, (2004
Page 37 and 38: APPENDIX I: SCHEDULED PROGRAMMES RU
Page 39 and 40: economy activities that include one
Page 41 and 42: III. SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (S
Page 43 and 44: two professors used a survey questi
Page 45 and 46: V. RECOMMENDATIONS : ADDRESSING THE
Page 47 and 48: 16. International Finance Corporati
Page 49 and 50: DEVELOPING INTRAPRENEURSHIP IN SMAL
Page 51 and 52: � Innovators � Leaders � Inde
Page 53 and 54: The intrapreneur is really the corp
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1 The Model of Intrapreneurs
Page 57 and 58: 1. Leadership - Any organizational
Page 59: to (Kolveried and Amo, 2002). This
Page 63 and 64: 39. Kibas, Peter B. and George O. K
Page 65 and 66: 75. Whitehead Martin (2004). Rescue
Page 67 and 68: Perceived desirability Perceived fe
Page 69 and 70: experience empathy is a social entr
Page 71 and 72: ATTITUDES (Behavioral beliefs x Out
Page 73 and 74: Sociologists and organizational the
Page 75 and 76: accountability. They assess their p
Page 77 and 78: DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
Page 79 and 80: The Objective of the study The obje
Page 81 and 82: A production function portrays an i
Page 83 and 84: But, Y � ax j i i bi xj b ui je .
Page 85 and 86: Land Land size and land fragmentati
Page 87 and 88: Agricultural Extension Because of l
Page 89 and 90: REFERENCES: 1. Chambers R. (1983) R
Page 91 and 92: The training approach to small ente
Page 93 and 94: Topic of Training No. of Respondent
Page 95 and 96: Key to Figure A - More capital inve
Page 97 and 98: Conclusion programmes were implemen
Page 99 and 100: Bibliography 1. Abrahamson, R and H
Page 101 and 102: whether those trained start their o
Page 103 and 104: Changes were also noted in business
Page 105 and 106: Conclusions From the findings, ther
Page 107 and 108: References 1. Baldwin, T. T., & For
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13th Annual International Management Conference Proceeding

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