dr. ronald e. mcnair acknowledgements - University of St. Thomas

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UST McNair Scholars Program Research Journal A next step to this research will be to implement the motivational messages at dining locations and determine which of the messages will actually elicit the most reduction in food wasted by students. A further interest is whether the stated motivations will be the same as the actual behaviors demonstrated in the dining halls. Future analysis will also focus on the psychological distance questions proposed during the study. The researcher is interested to see whether rated personal relevance to a message increased the rated motivation of the message. Food waste is psychologically distant. According to Construal Level Theory (CLT; Trope, Liberman, & Wakslak, 2007) things that we do experience as not personally relevant and not happening in the here and now are subjectively felt as “distant.” Psychologically distant events or issues are represented in the brain differently than events or issues subjectively perceived as near (psychologically near). Psychologically near events or issues are represented in concrete, sensory detailed features called low-level construals, whereas psychologically distant events or issues are represented in abstract features called high-level construals (Trope, Liberman & Wakslak). An exploratory hypothesis is the more psychologically near the issue of food waste feels to people, the more likely they will be motivated to reduce their food waste. CONCLUSION The amount of food wasted in the United States has reached an excessive volume. Combating this issue will benefit our environment, the economy, and society. Thus far, the United States has not demonstrated practices which would nationally reduce food waste. Food waste mitigation policies must be implemented in order to gain success in this consumer battle. Becoming a waste(less) society will take the efforts of the people purchasing and consuming products. This research is a first step toward providing a framework for addressing the national food waste issue. The stated motivations to reduce food waste demonstrate similar patterns as stated motivations to conserve energy. Thus, the method used to determine how to elicit energy conservation behavior (Nolan et al., 2008) can be used to further explore how to reduce food waste. 54 In conclusion, it is necessary to continue explicit research which addresses the issue of food waste in order to provide more accurate results and propose which steps to take in the future. Implementing these motivational messages in a real world context is a direction which will assist in deepening the body of knowledge surrounding food waste mitigation. REFERENCES Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhi & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action.control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11.39). Heidelberg: Springer. Aronson, E, Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M. (2010). Social Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bloom, J. (2010). American wasteland. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. Charter Institute of Waste Management. (2011, June 6). Love Food Hate Waste Campaign Success. Retrieved from http://www.ciwm.co.uk/CIWM/Publications/LatestNews/Lo veFoodHateWasteCampaignSuccess.aspx Cialdini, R. B. (2007). Influence: The psychology of persuasion. New York: Collins. Clayton, S., & Brook, A. (2005). Can psychology help save the world? A model for conservation psychology. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy (ASAP), 5(1), 87-102. doi:10.1111/ j.1530-2415.2005.00057.x Environmental Protection Agency. (2011, July 26). Food Waste. Retrieved from www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/materials/ organics/food/ G., J. (2005). Making the right connections to food loss Retrieved from ezproxy.stthomas.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost .com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=8gh&AN=19003608&site =ehost-live Goldstein, N. J., Cialdini, R. B., & Griskevicius, V. (2008). A room with a viewpoint: Using social norms to motivate environmental conservation in hotels. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(3), 472-482. doi:10.1086/586910 Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., & Van, d. B. (2010). Going green to be seen: Status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(3), 392-404. doi:10.1037/a0017346 Hattam, J. (2007). Go big green. Sierra, 92(6), 32-33. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.stthomas.edu/login?url=http://search. ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=8gh&AN=2725 4301&site=ehost-live Henderson, J. M. (2005). Introduction to real-world scene perception. Visual Cognition, 12(6), 849-851. doi:10.1080/ 13506280444000544
Bridgette Kelly Environmental Sciences Reducing food waste Hodges, B. (2009). Ecological pragmatics: Values, dialogical arrays, complexity, and caring. Pragmatics & Cognition, 17(3), 628-652 Marx, S., Weber, E., Orlove, B., Leiserowitz, A., Krantz, D., Roncoli, C., & Phillips, J. (2007). Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information. Global Environmental Change, 17(1), 47-58. Neal, D. T., Wood, W., & Quinn, J. M. (2006). Habits—A repeat performance. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(4), 198-202. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2003.00435.x Nolan, J. M., Schultz, P. W., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2008). Normative social influence is underdetected. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(7), 913-923. doi:10.1177/0146167208316691 Schultz, P. W. (1999). Changing behavior with normative feedback interventions: A field experiment on curbside recycling. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21(1), 25-36. doi:10.1207/15324839951036533 Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407-424. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00175 Stuart, T. (2009). Waste: uncovering the global food scandal. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Sullivan, D. (2010). College students initiate food waste diversion. BioCycle, 51(9), Retrieved from www.jgpress.com/ archives/_free/002159.html Trope, Y., Liberman, N., & Wakslak, C. (2007). Construal levels and psychological distance: Effects on representation, prediction, evaluation, and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates), 17(2), 83-95. doi:10.1080/10577400701242227 United States Department of Agriculture. (2010, March 18). Agricultural Research and Productivity: Background. Retrieved from www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/AgResearch/ background.htm Waste Resources and Action Programme (2011, June) Love Food Hate Waste. Retrieved from www.lovefoodhatewaste.com/ 55
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DR. RONALD E. MCNAIR Ronald E. McNa
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ABSTRACT The purpose of the present
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