Regulatory oversight of nuclear safety in Finland. Annual ... - STUK

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Onkalo Posiva Oy is constructing an underground research facility (Onkalo) in Olkiluoto, where bedrock volumes suitable for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel can be investigated in more detail. Bedrock research at the planned final disposal depth is a requirement for granting a construction licence for the final disposal facility. Posiva has designed Onkalo to function as one of the entrance routes to the planned final disposal facility, so STUK is applying SITUATION 12 March 2012 Length of the drive tunnel 4987 m Depth of the tunnels 454 m the same regulatory procedures to the construction of Onkalo as those of a nuclear facility. The underground research facility consists of a drive tunnel, three shafts and a research gallery quarried to a depth of 437 m. Posiva started constructing Onkalo in 2004. By the end of 2011, the excavation of the drive tunnel had reached a depth of 455 m, and the length of the tunnel was 4913 m. In addition, intake air and personnel shafts had been quarried using raise boring techniques to a depth of 290 m and exhaust air shaft to a depth of 437 m. Figure 3. FiR 1 research reactor and the BNCT station. Ventilation shaft –437 m • TRIGA Mark II research reactor Thermal power 250 kW • Fuel of the core: 80 fuel rods with 15 kg uranium TRIGA reactors have a unique fuel type; uranium–zirconium hybrid combination 8% uranium 91% zirconium 1% hydrogen STUK-B 147 Personnel shaft –290 m (Intake ventilation) –290 m Figure 2. Plan of the underground rock characterisation facility (Onkalo) and status of the construction on 12 March 2012 (Posiva Oy). FiR 1 research reactor In addition to nuclear power plants, STUK regulates the FiR 1 research reactor operated by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The reactor is located in Otaniemi, Espoo, and its maximum thermal power is 250 kW. It began operations in March 1962, and its current operating licence will expire at the end of 2011. The reactor is used for the fabrication of radioactive tracers, activation analysis, student training and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) treatment of tumours, as well as the development of therapeutic methods. 23
STUK-B 147 3 Development of regulations Changes in upper-level regulations An amendment to the Nuclear Power Act entered into force in 2011. STUK participated in its preparatory work in cooperation with the Ministry of Employment and the Economy. Among other things, the amendment took into account the changes to be made pursuant to the Nuclear Safety Directive as well as the changes derived from international recommendations concerning the development of security arrangements. STUK issued its statement of opinion regarding the amendment to the Nuclear Liability Act confirming the considerably higher limits for the licensees’ compensation liabilities that were scheduled to enter into force at the beginning of 2012. The preparations for certain new amendments to nuclear energy legislation also began during the year. The most significant of these concerns the more extensive use of testing and inspection institutes that will release STUK’s resources for tasks more important to safety. Reform work of the YVL Guides continued In 2011, STUK continued its project of many years for reforming the structure of YVL Guides. The purpose of the reform is to ensure the comprehensiveness and up-to-dateness of the Guides. The original target was to complete the new Guides during 2011, but this was not achieved. The main 24 factors postponing the schedule were the largerthan-expected effort required for the project, the work carried out simultaneously due to the postponement of the Olkiluoto 3 project as well as the Fukushima accident that required STUK’s expert to put in a considerable number of hours. The current set containing over 70 separate YVL Guides will be replaced by approximately 40 new Guides. In addition to the comprehensive and demanding nature of the contents, attention will be paid in the reform work to a uniform and user-friendly manner in which the Guides are presented. Six final Guide drafts were completed in 2011, and a statement of opinion was sought from the Advisory Committee on Nuclear Safety for five Guide drafts. By the end of 2011, the preparatory work for all new Guides had began in the working groups appointed for the work. Use of the Guide extranet now well established Use of the Guide extranet (https://ohjeisto.stuk.fi) launched in 2010 increased during 2011, and the service established its position as an unofficial communication channel for the statements of opinion issued by the licensees on the YVL Guide drafts. A possibility for commenting on the drafts in English was added to the service.
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