State, community, individual - Societal and Political Psychology ...

Andrey Yurevich ● Irina Tsapenko
Russian Science in Global Research Networks
ing the practice of publishing scientifi c articles
abroad. As our survey conducted in 2003 indicates,
76 per cent of Russian scholars have
publications abroad, 17 per cent publish abroad
quite often. While scholars who specialise in
humanities and social sciences typically have
a better command of foreign languages, they
are less likely to publish abroad (59 per cent),
as compared to their peers in natural sciences
(85 per cent) who are in high demand in other
countries 15 . This trend is confi rmed by the Russian
Centre for Science Research and Statistics
(CSRS) data, according to which 78% surveyed
chief managers of R&D institutions mentioned
the fact of publications by their personnel in
western reviewed journals during the two years
previous to the survey 16 . At the same time the
number of Russian scientifi c publications in
the journals included in the Web of Science
database, 25-40% (depending on the scientifi c
discipline) of which are published in the USA
and 20-40% - in the UK, after reaching its peak
of over 29 000 papers in 1994, declined to 23
730 in 2006 and than ameliorate its positions
only to 27 083 in 2008 which was a very modest
fi gure of against the majority of developed
countries 17 .
Similar trends apply to patenting inventions
abroad. The number of utility patents issued by
the United States Patent and Trademark Offi ce
(USPTO) for inventions developed by Russian
citizens increased from 3 in 1993 to 271
82
100,0
90,0
80,0
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
86,9
Indonesia
67,7
Moldova
60,6
Austria
50,0 48,0 49,1
United Kingdom
Germany
in 2010 18 , the number of patents granted by the
European Patent Offi ce rose from 8 in 1996 to
58 in 2009 19 . At the background of the low values
of these indicators the number of patents
issued by the Russian patent offi ce (Rospatent)
to foreign applicants grew simultaneously
from 4276 in 1993 to 8530 in 2009 which
indicated to the growing interest of those applicants
in moving forward new technological
products on the Russian market 20 . Nevertheless
in all three cases the growth of these indicators
was not lineal.
An even more important indicator of a
growing integration of Russian scholars into
the international academic community is a substantial
number of articles they publish in coauthorship
with their foreign colleagues which
is characteristic for the world science as whole.
According to OECD data, in 2007 the average
world share of scientifi c articles involved
international co-authorship was three times
higher than in 1985 21 . While Russia has rather
modest fi gures for publications produced by
international teams of authors in comparison
with most other European countries (fi gure 1),
nevertheless the country till 2006 was ahead
of many other nations if we consider the rates
of increase. The share of articles published by
Russian scholars in co-authorship with their
foreign partners in journals listed by the Thomson
Corporation increased from 22.1 per cent
in 1994 22 to 37.6% in 2005 but then lowered to
32.4 per cent in 2008 23 .
France
42,0
Italy
32,7 32,4 30,7
Figure 1. Share of internationally co-authored scientifi c articles in the S&E journals indexed in the Web of
science (%), 2008.
Source: “UNESCO Science Report 2010. The current status of science around the world”, UNESCO Publ.,
Paris, 2010.
Poland
Russia
USA
24,3
Japan