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in the world amount of indexed publications as well as in the number of inventions being patented in the US and European patent offi ces etc. Second, Russian science keeps on passing through these changes but their rate has slowed down in comparison with the early 1990s, which is refl ected in the decline of the intellectual emigration, stabilization of indicators of international collaboration in publishing and patenting, etc. Third, the deceleration of the globalization processes in Russian science is caused by different factors. Some of them are quite obvious, such as in particular the main cause of the decline of the intellectual emigration from Russia, which may be explained by the fact that the majority of national scientists who wished to emigrate from Russia left it in the early 1990s. Fourth, less trivial explication of the deceleration of the globalization processes is based on the assumption that every national science has some “optimum of its integration” into the world science, based on the size and the level of the development of the economy and the science. Insuffi cient integration has obvious negative sequences for the national science, but the superfl uous integration leads to its “dissolution” in the world science and loss of its national specifi city, derivative of the socio-cultural context of the concrete country, the specifi city, which served traditionally one of the main sources of the creative potential of Russian scientists. Maybe the slow down of the rate of the internationalization of Russian science means that it is approaching this “optimum of integration”. Endnotes 1 Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Email: yurev@orc.ru 2 Institute of the World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Email: tsapenko@bk.ru 3 The research is supported by the Russian Foundation of Humanities, Project № 11-03-00513а. 4 M. Abella, “Global competition for skilled workers and consequences,” in: Kuptsch, Chr. and Eng Fong, P., Eds. Competing for Global Talent, Societal and Political Psychology International Review volume 2 ● number 2 ● 2011 ● pp. 79-88 ILO, Geneva, 2006, pp.17. 5 “Trends in International Migration”, Annual Report, 2004 SOPEMI Edition. OECD publishing, Paris, 2004, р. 143-147. 6 F. Docquier and A. Marfouk, “International Migration by Education Attainment,1990–2000” in: Ozden, C. and Schiff, M., Eds., “International Migration, Remittances, and the Brain Drain,” World Bank, Wash., 2006, p. 175. 7 “Science & Engineering Indicators 2010”. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind10. 8 “Numbers and migration of population in the Russian Federation in 2008”, Rosstat, Moscow, 2009. http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/B09_107/Main. htm; “Numbers and migration of population in the Russian Federation in 2009”, Rosstat, Moscow, 2010. http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b10_107/Main. htm. 9 “OECD Science and Technology Statistical Compendium 2004”. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/34/23652608.pdf, p. 32. 10 “Numbers and migration of population in the Russian Federation in 2009”, Rosstat, Moscow, 2010. http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b10_107/Main. htm 11 “Numbers and migration of population in the Russian Federation in 2009”, Rosstat, Moscow, 2010. http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b10_107/Main. htm 12 “OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009”. 13 A.Yurevich and I. Tsapenko, “Science in Contemporary Russian Society”, Institute of Psychology of the RAS, Moscow, 2010, pp. 92.93. 14 OECD Patent Database, 2011. http://stats. oecd.org. 15 A.Yurevich and I. Tsapenko, “Science in Contemporary Russian Society”, Institute of Psychology of the RAS, Moscow, 2010, p. 94. 16 L. Zubova, O. Andreyeva, O. Antropova and E. Arzhanykh, “R&D Institutions under Reforming of the Government R&D Sector: Finding of a Sociological Survey”, CSRS Information and Analysis Bulletin, 2007, № 2-3, p. 49. 17 “UNESCO Science Report 2010. The current status of science around the world”, UNESCO Publ., Paris, 2010, p. 499. 18 “A Patent Technology Monitoring Team Report 2011”. http://www.uspto.gov/web/offi ces/ac/ ido/oeip/taf/cst_utl.pdf), 19 “EPO Annual report. 2009”. http://documents. epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/afbc07d9e3 b95f12c125770d0055a883/$FILE/epo_annual_report_2009.pdf). 20 “Russian Statistical yearbook 2010”, Rosstat, Moscow, 2010, p. 572. 21 “OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009”. http://www.oecdilibrary.org/ content/book/sti_scoreboard-2009-en. 87
Andrey Yurevich ● Irina Tsapenko Russian Science in Global Research Networks 22 “Science & Engineering Indicators 2004”. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind04. 23 “UNESCO Science Report 2010. The current status of science around the world”, UNESCO Publ., Paris, 2010, p. 499, p. 511. 24 “Global Research Report. The new geography of science: research and collaboration in Russia”, January 2010, Thomson Reuters. http://researchanalytics.thomsonreuters.com/m/pdfs/grr-russia-jan10. pdf 25 “Indicators of science:2009”, Statistical yearbook, SU-HSE, Moscow, 2009, p. 337. 26 OECD Patent Database, 2011. http://stats. oecd.org. 27 A.Yurevich and I. Tsapenko, “Science in Contemporary Russian Society”, Institute of Psychology of the RAS, Moscow, 2010, p. 101. 28 “Internet for R&D”, University of Applied Sciences Solothurn, 2003. http://www.observatory. gr/fi les/meletes/WP5_No2_R_and_D_II.pdf. 88 29 L. Zubova, O. Andreyeva, O. Antropova and E. Arzhanykh, “Sociological monitoring of science entities activities (2005-2009)”,CSRS Information and Analysis Bulletin, 2010, № 1, pp. 1-94. http:// www.csrs.ru/inform/IAB/iab1_2010.pdf, pp. 32-33. 30 “Science & Engineering Indicators 2006”. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06. 31 Internet in Russia. Analytical Bulletin of the ‘Public Opinion’ Foundation, Issue 32, Winter 2010-2011. http://bd.fom.ru/pdf/Internet%20v%20 Rossii%20Vol32.%20Zima%202010-2011_short. pdf. 32 “Russian Statistical yearbook 2010”, Rosstat, Moscow, 2010, pp. 514-515. 33 L. Zubova, O. Andreyeva, O. Antropova and E. Arzhanykh, “Sociological monitoring of science entities activities (2005-2009)”,CSRS Information and Analysis Bulletin, 2010, № 1, pp. 1-94. http:// www.csrs.ru/inform/IAB/iab1_2010.pdf, p. 9, p. 125.
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