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De même, Ga<strong>la</strong>l <strong>et</strong> al. (2000) avaient trouvé<br />

un eff<strong>et</strong> négatif en utilisant des concentrations<br />

élevées de fertilisant-N <strong>sur</strong> les BNF par<br />

Azospirillum en association avec des racines<br />

de blé où <strong>la</strong> céréale utilise <strong>la</strong> plupart de l’azote<br />

fixé. Les résultats suggèrent que l’inocu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />

par PGPR associée à l’apport de fertilisant-N<br />

(20 mg/kg) présente un eff<strong>et</strong> synergique <strong>sur</strong><br />

<strong>la</strong> fixation de N 2 dans les p<strong>la</strong>nts de bananier<br />

cultivés en conditions hydroponiques dans de<br />

p<strong>et</strong>its pots (4,0 l) pendant 45 jours.<br />

Conclusion<br />

L’inocu<strong>la</strong>tion de souches bactériennes Sp7 <strong>et</strong><br />

UPMB10 promouvant <strong>la</strong> croissance végétale<br />

en combinaison avec un niveau minimal de<br />

fertilisant-N accroît le rendement azoté des<br />

p<strong>la</strong>nts de bananier. Les p<strong>la</strong>nts inoculés avec<br />

l’apport en N le plus faible (3,2 mg/kg, 2,13%<br />

des besoins totaux en N) ont produit le Ndfa<br />

(37-39%) le plus élevé alors que ceux avec<br />

l’apport le plus élevé en N minéral (50 mg/kg,<br />

33% des besoins totaux en N) ont montré le<br />

Ndfa (5%) le plus faible. Toutefois, l’inocu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />

par PGPR avec 20 mg/kg de fertilisant-N<br />

(13% des besoins totaux en N) a produit un<br />

eff<strong>et</strong> synergique <strong>sur</strong> <strong>la</strong> fixation de N 2 avec des<br />

plus grandes quantités de N 2 fixées (11,0 mg/<br />

p<strong>la</strong>nt; 12.5% Ndfa). Ces résultats suggèrent<br />

que les souches Sp7 <strong>et</strong> UPMB10 de PGPR<br />

sont efficaces en tant qu’engrais biologiques<br />

pour les p<strong>la</strong>nts de bananier lorsqu’elles sont<br />

appliquées conjointement avec 20 mg/kg (13%<br />

des besoins totaux en N) de fertilisant-N.<br />

Références<br />

Amir H.G., Z.H. Shamsuddin, M.S. Halimi, M. F.Ram<strong>la</strong>n<br />

& M. Marziah. 2001. Effects of Azospirillum inocu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />

on N 2 fixation and growth of oil palm p<strong>la</strong>ntl<strong>et</strong>s at nursery<br />

stage. Journal of Oil Palm Research 13(1):42-49.<br />

Boddey R.M., O.C. Oliveira, S. Urquiaga, V. M. Reis,<br />

F.L. Olovares, V.L.D. Baldani & J. Dobereiner. 1995.<br />

Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane<br />

and rice: contribution and prospects for improvements.<br />

P<strong>la</strong>nt and Soil 174:195-209.<br />

Bremner J. M. 1996. Nitrogen-Total. pp 1085-1121 in<br />

M<strong>et</strong>hods of Soil Analysis (Part 3). Chemical M<strong>et</strong>hods.<br />

(Spark D.L., Page A.L., Helmke P.A., Loeppert R.H.,<br />

Sultanpour P.N., Tabatabi M.A., Johnsto C.T. and<br />

Sumner M.E., eds). American Soci<strong>et</strong>y of Agronomy,<br />

Wisconsin.<br />

Brimecombe, J.M., F.A. De Leij & J.M. Lynch. 2001.<br />

The effect of root exudates on rhizosphere microbial<br />

popu<strong>la</strong>tion. Pp 95-140 in The Rhizosphere. (Pinton R.<br />

Varanini Z. and Nannipieri P., eds). Marcel Dekker Inc.<br />

New York, USA.<br />

Cocking E.C. 2000. Helping les p<strong>la</strong>nts g<strong>et</strong> more nitrogen<br />

from air. European Review 8(2):193-200.<br />

Cooper A. 1979. The ABC of NFT. Grower Books. London,<br />

181pp.<br />

Dobereiner J. & V.L.D. Baldani. 1998. Biological nitrogen<br />

fixation by endophytic diazotrophs in non-legume crops<br />

in the tropics. Pp3-7 in Nitrogen Fixation with Nonlegumes.<br />

(Malik K.A., Sajjad Mirza M.and Ladha J.K.,<br />

eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.<br />

El-Komy, H.M.A., T.M.M. Moharram & M.S.A. Safwat.<br />

1998. Effects of Azospirillum inocu<strong>la</strong>tion on growth<br />

and N 2 fixation of maize subjected to different levels of<br />

FYM using 15 N-dilution m<strong>et</strong>hod. Pp. 49-59 in Nitrogen<br />

Fixation with Non-legumes. (Malik K.A., Sajjad Mirza<br />

M.and Ladha J.K., eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers,<br />

London.<br />

Fried M. & Middelboe V. 1977. Mea<strong>sur</strong>ement of amount<br />

of nitrogen fixed by a legume crop. P<strong>la</strong>nt and Soil 47:<br />

713-715.<br />

Ga<strong>la</strong>l Y.G.M., L.A. El Ghandour & S.S. Aly. 2000. Nonisotopic<br />

m<strong>et</strong>hod for the quantification of biological<br />

nitrogen fixation and wheat production under field<br />

conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils 32:47-51.<br />

Jensen E.S., A.J. Andersen & J.D. Thomsen. 1985.<br />

The influence of seed-borne N in 15 N isotope dilution<br />

studies with legumes. Acta Agriculture of Scandinavian<br />

35:438-443.<br />

Malik K.A., B. Rakhshanda, S. Mehnaz, G. Rasul, M.S.<br />

Mirza & S. Ali. 1997. Association of nitrogen-fixing<br />

p<strong>la</strong>nt-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with<br />

kal<strong>la</strong>r grass and rice. P<strong>la</strong>nt and Soil 194:37-44.<br />

Malik K.A. & Y. Zafar. 1985. Quantification of rootassociated<br />

nitrogen fixation as estimated by 15N<br />

isotopic dilution. Pp 161-171 in Nitrogen and the<br />

Environment (Malik K.A., Bhatti N.A. and Kausar F.,<br />

eds). Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology,<br />

Faisa<strong>la</strong>bad, Pakistan.<br />

Marschner H. 1995. Functions of Mineral Nutrients:<br />

Macronutrients. Pp. 889 in Mineral Nutrition of Higher<br />

Les p<strong>la</strong>nts. Academic Press, London.<br />

Okon Y., S.L. Albrecht & R.H. Burris. 1977. M<strong>et</strong>hods for<br />

growing Spirillum lipoferum and for counting it in pure<br />

culture and different solution in association with les<br />

p<strong>la</strong>nts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 33:<br />

85-88.<br />

SAS. 1989. SAS/STAT. Guide to Personal Computers.<br />

Version 6.12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.<br />

Shamsuddin Z.H. & A.W. Roslina. 1995. Iso<strong>la</strong>tion of<br />

Azospirillum from oil palm roots. 18 th Microbiology<br />

Symposium, Kuching, Sarawak.<br />

Shrestha R.K. & J.K. Ladha. 1996. Genotypic variation<br />

in promotion of rice nitrogen fixation as d<strong>et</strong>ermined<br />

by Nitrogen-15dilution. Soil Science Soci<strong>et</strong>y America<br />

Journal 60(6):1815-1821.<br />

Warembourg F. R. 1993. Nitrogen fixation in soil and p<strong>la</strong>nt<br />

system. Pp 127-155 in Nitrogen Isotope Technique<br />

(Knowles R. and B<strong>la</strong>ckburn T. H., eds). Academic<br />

Press, London.<br />

InfoMusa - Vol. 16 N° 1-2, Juin <strong>et</strong> décembre 2007 15<br />

Md. Abdul Bas<strong>et</strong> Mia est<br />

Professeur associé, Department<br />

of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu<br />

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman<br />

travaille à l’Agricultural University<br />

Gazipur 1706, Bang<strong>la</strong>desh,<br />

e-mail: miabas<strong>et</strong>@yahoo.co,<br />

Zulkifli H. Shamsuddin <strong>et</strong><br />

Zakaria Wahab travaillent,<br />

respectivement, au Department<br />

of Land Management <strong>et</strong><br />

Department of Crop Science,<br />

Faculty of Agriculture, <strong>et</strong> Marziah<br />

Mahmood au Department of<br />

Biochemistry and Microbiology,<br />

Faculty of Science and<br />

Environmental Studies, Universiti<br />

Putra Ma<strong>la</strong>ysia, 43400 UPM,<br />

Serdang, Se<strong>la</strong>ngor, Ma<strong>la</strong>isie.

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