Revue internationale d'écologie méditerranéenne International ...
Revue internationale d'écologie méditerranéenne International ...
Revue internationale d'écologie méditerranéenne International ...
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SAMI YOUSSEF, ERROL VELA, ALEX BAUMEL, THIERRY TATONI<br />
72<br />
Discussion<br />
Genista lobelii has a fragmented distribution<br />
with many isolated stations, mainly on the<br />
summits of the principal calcareous mountains<br />
of Basse Provence where Mediterranean<br />
mountains plants and orophytes species are<br />
frequent (more than 30%). Plant species associated<br />
with G. lobelii are mainly represented<br />
by Chamephytes and Hemichryptophytes<br />
“fruticose Chamaephytes” of stress pole type.<br />
The dominance of fruticose Chamaephytes<br />
species can be explained by the strong constraints,<br />
in particularly the xeric microclimat<br />
i.e. soil drought, calcareous lithosol and winds<br />
frequently higher than 100 km/h. These<br />
extreme conditions can also explain the<br />
absence of xenophytes species, except for the<br />
presence of Cedrus atlantica which was<br />
deliberately planted by the “Office national<br />
des forêts” within the “Calanques” hills area.<br />
On studying thorny-cushion, Nimis (1981)<br />
showed that the Genista association, in west<br />
Mediterranean region, are characterized by a<br />
higher incidence of Mediterranean species<br />
and Therophytes and relatively low percentage<br />
of endemics. Indeed, we observe 70% of<br />
Mediterranean species in our relevés and relatively<br />
few endemics (2%) or subendemics<br />
(3%). In comparison, endemism reaches 35%<br />
in the mountain parts of Corsica (Thompson<br />
2005) and between 30 and 40% in the summit<br />
areas of Sierra Nevada (Blanca et al.<br />
1999). This observation suggests that elevations<br />
of Basse Provence are not sufficiently<br />
Appendix 2 – The 30 most frequent species of each cluster of station, used to describe association with Genista lobelii (appendix 2.1<br />
for cluster 1, appendix 2.2 for cluster 2 and appendix 2.3 for cluster 3) with their family, biological cycle, dispersal<br />
modes (Baro: Barochory; Hydr: Hydrochory; AuM: mechanical Autochory; Apro: Autochory by steam projection;<br />
Alou: heavy Anemochory; Aleg: light Anemochory; Zepi: Epi-Zoochory “transported on animals”; Zend: Endo-Zoochory<br />
“seeds are eaten by animals”; Zele: Zoochory with elaiosomes; Zdys: transport by animals but not eaten), biological<br />
traits (Ch: Chamaephytes; G: Geophytes; H: Hemicryptophytes; P: Phanerophytes; Th: Therophytes), demographic<br />
strategies (C: Competitor; R: Ruderal; S: Stress-tolerant) and biogeographical distribution (Steno-Medit: Mediterranean<br />
sensu stricto; Euri-Medit: Mediterranean sensu lato; Medit-Mont: Mediterranean mountains; Oroph: European<br />
Orophytes; Endem: Endemic).<br />
Appendix 2.1 – Cluster no 1<br />
Species Frequence Family Biological Seeds Biological Demographic Biogeography<br />
(%) cycle dispersal traits stratigies<br />
Thymus vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 100 Lamiaceae Perennial Zele Ch S Steno-W-Medit.<br />
Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. italicum 92 Cistaceae Perennial Apro Ch SR Euri-N-Medit.<br />
Anthyllis vulneraria 90 Fabaceae Annual, Perennial Alou Th, H SR Eurasiatic<br />
Iberis saxatilis 90 Brassicaceae Perennial Baro Ch S N-Medit.-Mont.<br />
Sesleria caerulea 85 Poaceae Perennial Alou H CS Oroph. C-Europ.<br />
Amelanchier ovalis 83 Rosaceae Perennial Zend P CS Medit.-Mont.<br />
Cerastium arvense subsp. suffruticosum 81 Caryophyllaceae Perennial Apro Ch S Oroph. S-Europ.<br />
Teucrium polium subsp. polium 77 Lamiaceae Perennial Zele Ch S Steno-Medit.<br />
Cerastium pumilum 75 Caryophyllaceae Annual Apro Th SR Euri-Medit.<br />
Juniperus phoenicea subsp. phoenicea 75 Pinaceae Perennial Zend P CS Euri-Medit.<br />
Hornungia petraea 69 Brassicaceae Annual AuM Th SR Euri-Medit.<br />
Santolina chamaecyparissus 69 Asteraceae Perennial Apro Ch S N-Medit.-Mont.<br />
Anthyllis montana 67 Fabaceae Perennial Alou H S Medit.-Mont.<br />
Galium corrudifolium 67 Rubiaceae Perennial Zepi H S Euri-Medit., Steno-Medit.<br />
Koeleria vallesiana subsp. vallesiana 67 Poaceae Perennial Apro H S Euri-Medit.<br />
Sedum ochroleucon 63 Crassulaceae Perennial Hydr Ch S N-Medit.-Mont.<br />
Stipa offneri 63 Poaceae Perennial Alou H S Steno-NW-Medit.<br />
Seseli galloprovinciale 62 Apiaceae Perennial Baro H S Subendem.<br />
Teucrium aureum 62 Lamiaceae Perennial Baro Ch S W-Medit.-Mont.<br />
Festuca marginata subsp. marginata 56 Poaceae Perennial Alou H S Endem. W-Alpica<br />
Teucrium chamaedrys 56 Lamiaceae Perennial Baro Ch CS Euri-Medit.<br />
Valeriana tuberosa 56 Valerianaceae Perennial Alou G S Medit.-Mont.<br />
Crepis albida 54 Asteraceae Perennial Aleg H S Oroph. SW-Europ.<br />
Arenaria serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia 52 Caryophyllaceae Annual Apro Th SR Subcosmop.<br />
Helianthemum apenninum subsp. apenninum 52 Cistaceae Perennial Apro Ch SR SW-Europ.<br />
Lactuca perennis 52 Asteraceae Perennial Aleg H CS Euri-W-Medit.<br />
Lavandula angustifolia 52 Lamiaceae Perennial Apro Ch S Steno-W-Medit.<br />
Scorzonera austriaca subsp. bupleurifolia 52 Asteraceae Perennial Aleg H S SE-Europ.-S-Siber.<br />
Sedum sediforme 48 Crassulaceae Perennial Hydr Ch S Steno-Medit.<br />
Campanula rotundiflora subsp. macrorhiza 46 Campanulaceae Perennial Apro H S Endem. S-France<br />
ecologia mediterranea – Vol. 36 (1) – 2010