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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro The grim realities of rebuilding Iraq Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld On Tuesday, an explosion and other Pentagon officials had ripped through a dining been claiming that many tens of tent at lunch hour on an. thousands of Iraqis were being American military base trained to take over frontline securi- . near Mosul, killing at least 24people ty duties, allowing American forces . and injuring 57.The day before, Pres- first to pull back from major cities ident George W. Bush finally ac- and then, at a later phase, come home. knowledged that many of the more Last week, at ~ meeting with Amerthan 100,000Iraqi trainees Washing- ica's two top military commanders ton had been counting on to take responsible for Iraq, Bush got a canover basic security tasks were far did evaluation of the actual combat from being up to the job.And on Sun- readiness of these Iraqi trainees, who, . day, car bomb attacks killed more now officially number about ll4,000. : than 60 people in the Shiite holy cit- Bush was admirably blunt about it at , ies of Najaf and Karbala, while in his news conference on Monday,not- •Baghdad, unmasked assassins ing that while a few good generals I brazenly dragged three election offi- and some good foot soldiers had cials out of their cars in full daylight been trained, "the whole command : and executed them on the spot. structure necessary to have a viable \ This is not just pre-election may- military is not in place:~ hem. It is stark evidence that with a We are glad to hear Bush acknowlcrucial election now less than six edge this sobering reality, but we are weeks away, America's effort to still waiting for him to explain who bring into being a new Iraqi govern- will have to fill in for these noncomment representing all major pop~la- bat-ready Iraqis and for how long. , tion groups and capable of defendmg Given the lack of other countries . itself and its citizens still has a very willing to put up their hands as vol- . long way to go. Some 21months after unteers, the only answer seems to be the American invasion, U.S.military more American troops, and not just forces remain essentially alone in through the spring, as currently battling what seems to be a growing planned. Since the first days of the '.insurgency, with no clear prospect of occupation, American troops have decisive success any time in the fore- been too light on the ground in Iraq, . seeable future. . allowing the looting and sabotage Washington has no significant in- that soon turned into insurgency to ternational military partners be- get a costly head start. sides Britain, and no Iraqi military And facing the need for an expansupport it can count on. The election ded American military presence that once looked as if it might pro- means more than a simple reshuffduce a government with nationwide ling of deployments. If more troops legitimacy increasingly threatens to in Iraq are not going to translate into intensify divisions between the a dangerously exhausted and overgroups that ~re. expected to pa~~ic- stretched Army, Marine Corps and ipate enthusiastically - the Shutes National Guard, these forces need to and Kurds - and an estranged and be expanded through stepped-up reembattled Sunni community, which cruitment. That means bigger spendat this point appears likely to stand ing on the least politically attractive aloof. part of the military budget, basic There may still be time for Wash- personnel salaries, and less for ington to try to salvage the election, costly new weapons systems. but that would require paying much Another harsh reality that needs more serious attention to legitimate to be confronted head-on is the pros- Sunni grievances and showing an pect for the Iraqi elections. The Jan. openness to postponing the election 30 elections were supposed to usher for several months, if that had a rea- in a legitimate national government sonable chance of attracting broader and a broadly representative as- Sunni participation. So far, Bush has sembly to draw up a constitution acstrongly resisted such an approach. ceptable to all elements of Iraq's As weeks go by without discernible. fragmented population - secular progress, hopes for a decent outcome and religious, Shiite and Sunni, Arab get progressively harder to sustain. and Kurd. But things now appear Right now, the only progress headed toward a badly skewed result. seems to lie in the willingness of the Enthusiasm and participation seem re-elected Bush to face some hard high among Shiites and Kurds, who truths: suffered greatly under Sunni minor- One certainly involves Iraqi secu-' .ity rule a:p.d.!low thirst for self-govrity forces, which have always been ernment. presented as the key to American But in predominantly Sunni areas, - withdrawal. For more than a year, including Mosul, parts of Baghdad -------------------------------:----71 de la Prensa-Basm Özeti ;. ,,; and m:ostof central and western Iraq, '. /~ere is,a deep and growing aliena- , .'tioll that 'threatens to depress 'elec- , ,~: tor;i}.tui'nout and provides a large reseryoil""bf support for the insur- . gency.Without an acceptable level of , participation across Iraq, the elections will not be able to produce a legitimate government capable of ,.,standing on its own, mastering the , insurgency' and surviving without the indefinite presence oflarge numbers of American troops. The timing of last month's military assault on Falluja rested, in part, on the argument that Iraq's Sunnis really wanted to participate in the election, but we'rebeing held back by intimidation from the insurgents. , The causes of Sunni alienation from the current political process actually run far deeper, and affect large numbers of people who cannot be classified as Al Qaeda supporters, Islamic fundamentalists or sworn followers of Saddam Hussein. A broader feeling has begun to take root that Sunnis have no political, professional or personal future in the new Iraq being shaped by Washington and its Shiite and Kurdish allies . This feeling grew out of such earli er American mistakes as the wholesale dismissal of the old, Sunni-led Iraqi national army and the blanket exclusion of even midlevel former Baathists from government jobs during the early months of the occupation.1t has fed off the continuing failure to assure that authentic Sunni nationalist politicians had an adequate voice in the interim government and election preparations. A further level of resentment has been added by the physical destruction of homes, jobs and infrastructure produced by American counterinsurgency campaigns in densely populated Sunni towns like Falluja. A coalition of Sunni politicalleaders led by Adnan Pachachi, a respected moderate, has repeatedly called for postponing the January election for several months.to encourage broader' Sunni participation. His pleas need to be taken seriously, not brushed ' aside as they have been up till now by Baghdad and Washington. Leaving Iraq's Sunnis in such a sullen, resentful mood would undermine the creation of a new and stable Iraq and poison its relations with the rest of the Aràb world, where Sunnis strongly,predominate. Iraq's interim prime minister, Ayad Allawi, some-' how seems unable to recognize this. Instead of reinforcing him in his folly,the Bush administration should be actively encouraging him to think afresh. If postponing the election date can ensure more adequate Sunniparticipation, it is in everyone's interest to do so.
Revue de Pressë-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Pétition pour un référendum sur un Etat kurde .Uneorganisation de Kurdes irakiens a remis, mercredi 22 décembre, à des responsables de l'ONU, une pétition signée par 1,7 million de personnes en faveÙr de la'ténue d'un référendum sur la création d'un Etat kurde indépendant dans le nord de l'Irak. cc Les Kurdes sous protection internationale exer- . cent de fait leur indépendance dans le Sud-Kurdistan (nord de l'Irak) depuis treize ans et ils ne souhaitent pas être contrôlés par un Irak à domination ara- .be ", déclare le groupe, qui affirme qu'aucun des signataires n'appartient à un parti politique. Au Caire, les ministres des affaires étrangères de l'Egypte et de la Jordanie ont insisté sur cc l'aiabité " de l'Irak, six semaines avant les . élections irakiennes prévues le 30 janvier. cc Nous craignons la mise en place d'unsystêmepolitico-confessionnel en Irak. Nous devons préserver le caractè- " ré arabe del'lrak, qui unit chiites et sunnites ", a déclaré M. Moulki. - (AFP.) La redoutée Armée islamique en Irak Sunnite, elle est composée d'ex-serviteurs de Saddam Hussein et d'islamistes radicaux. Etonnant alliage qui réunit des anciens membres des services secrets et de l'armée de Saddarn Hussein à des éléments islamistes radicaux, lhmée islamique en Irak est cepen- . dant emblématique de la guérilla sunnite irakienne. C'est probablement une coïncidence mais avec la force du symbole, elle serait née (Libération du29 novembre) dans un ancien bureauduBaas,reconverti en centre d'éducation coranique près de Latifiya, à une trentaine de kilomètres de Bagdad. Depuis, elle contrôle la majorité des mosquées de cette région. C'est ènmars que cette organisation, dont on : ,ne sait alors rien, attire l'attention en revendiquant le meurtre à Fallouja de quatre Américains, dont les corps de deux d'entre eux seront retrouvés atrocement mutilés. Depuis, dans tous ses communiqués, elle n'a cessé de réclamer le retrait des troupes étrangères d'Irak, appliquant aussitôt ses menaces au pied de la lettre. Plier. Le 26 juillet, elle décapite deux Pakistanais accusés de travailler avec les Américains. Elle récidive peu après en assassinant le journaliste italien Enzo Baldoni parce que Rome avait refusé de se plier à ses exigences. Le 7 mai, 11\rmée islamique avait aussi exécuté deux reporters polonais. En revanche, elle épar~era la vie d'un camionneur philippin après avoir obtenu de Manille le retrait antièipé de ses soldats. Depuisl'enlèvementdeChristian ChesnotetGeorges . Malbrunot, on connaît mieux l'Armée islamique. Si l'habillage des communiqués emprunte laterminologie jihadiste, notamment l'appel répété à la guerre sainte, le côntenu est le plus souvent ardemment nationaliste. Mêmes~ dans une première vidéo adressée àAl-Jezira, elle avait exigé que Paris abroge (
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