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Oral tradition relating to slavery and slave trade in Nigeria, Ghana ...

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18<br />

The advent <strong>and</strong> practice of the transatlantic <strong>slave</strong> <strong>trade</strong><br />

goods <strong>and</strong> move back, <strong>and</strong> the Africans, who were claimed <strong>to</strong> be the<br />

<strong>tradition</strong>al chiefta<strong>in</strong>s, will put their own goods close <strong>to</strong> that of the<br />

Europeans <strong>and</strong> move back also. After certify<strong>in</strong>g the balance of <strong>in</strong>terest,<br />

each party would then pick their exchanged commodity <strong>and</strong><br />

depart. Fear was soon elim<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>and</strong> the Africans were more comfortable<br />

by the day, with their trad<strong>in</strong>g partners.<br />

This <strong>in</strong>itial <strong>trade</strong> relationship was claimed <strong>to</strong> have graduated <strong>in</strong><br />

a gradual manner, <strong>to</strong> the exchange of Africans for the purchase of the<br />

same European sales items.<br />

Dur<strong>in</strong>g the time of the <strong>slave</strong> <strong>trade</strong> practice, <strong>in</strong>creased wealth was<br />

said <strong>to</strong> have been associated with the <strong>tradition</strong>al <strong>slave</strong> dealers who by<br />

now have come <strong>to</strong> enjoy the supply of improved st<strong>and</strong>ards of <strong>slave</strong><br />

catch<strong>in</strong>g equipment that were provided by their European partners.<br />

Consequently, the records of the practice both of <strong><strong>slave</strong>ry</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>slave</strong> <strong>trade</strong> have been passed down from past generations <strong>to</strong> date,<br />

through folktales, s<strong>to</strong>ries, proverbs, songs, pic<strong>to</strong>rial documentation on<br />

fabrics, bas-relief <strong>and</strong> personal association with the people who <strong>in</strong>herited,<br />

purchased or sold <strong>slave</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>and</strong> related physical materials.<br />

Research have shown that oral accounts <strong>relat<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>slave</strong>ry</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>slave</strong> <strong>trade</strong> have come <strong>to</strong> be preserved over time, through the people’s<br />

re-enactment of their experiences. Thus because they had no access<br />

<strong>to</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>t or electronic media, they were left with ideas that gradually<br />

came <strong>to</strong> be preserved through the above-mentioned means which<br />

have thrived <strong>to</strong> the present time.<br />

Apart from the observed similarity between the oral <strong>tradition</strong><br />

that has been built over time concern<strong>in</strong>g the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of the Trans<br />

Atlantic <strong>slave</strong> <strong>trade</strong>, there are noticeable variations <strong>in</strong> the oral <strong>tradition</strong>s<br />

collected from each of the three areas as related <strong>to</strong> the subject.<br />

Based on the forego<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> for the purpose of clarity, the oral <strong>tradition</strong><br />

narrations <strong>relat<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>slave</strong>ry</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Trans-Atlantic <strong>slave</strong> <strong>trade</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong>, <strong>Ghana</strong> <strong>and</strong> Ben<strong>in</strong> will hereafter be presented under separate <strong>to</strong>pics.<br />

Slavery <strong>and</strong> <strong>trade</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

In <strong>Nigeria</strong>, the oral <strong>tradition</strong> <strong>relat<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>slave</strong>ry</strong> is very widely associated<br />

with the activities of the k<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>and</strong> chiefta<strong>in</strong>s of the country dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />

the times preced<strong>in</strong>g the event of the Trans Atlantic <strong>slave</strong> <strong>trade</strong>.<br />

Such activities were deeply reflective of the <strong>in</strong>ter-tribal wars that<br />

were endemic <strong>in</strong> the country at that time. Captives from war were

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