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6. ∆ f = f(x) − f(x 0 ) ≅ d f (x 0 ) avec x 0 = 5

∆ f ≅ 14

(x − 5) ; on prend x = 4. 96

3

∆ f ≅ 14 (4. 96 − 5) ≅ −0. 19

3

III. Dérivée logarithmique et élasticité :

1. Dérivée logarithmique :

On définit la dérivée logarithmique d’une fonction dérivable et strictement positive f(x) par :

Application 3 :

[Ln(f(x))]′ = f′ (x)

f(x)

⇨ f ′ (x) = [Ln(f(x))] ′ . f(x)

Calculer la dérivée logarithmique des équations suivantes

1. F(x) = x 2 + 2x + 1

2. F(x) = (x 2 + 1)(x − 2)

3. F(x) = x+1

x−3

Correction :

1. F ′ (x) = 2x + 2

[Ln(f(x))] ′ =

2x+2

= 2(x+1)

= 2

x 2 +2x+1 (x+1) 2 x+1

2. [Ln(f(x))] = Ln(f(x)) = Ln[(x 2 + 1)(x − 2) = Ln(x 2 + 1) + Ln(x − 2)

[Ln(f(x))] ′ =

2x

+ 1

x 2 +1 x−2

3. [Ln(f(x))] = Ln(f(x)) = Ln ( x+1

) = Ln(x + 1) − Ln(x − 3)

x−3

[Ln(f(x))] ′ = 1

− 1

x+1 x−3

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