12 ❘ nu miwodebT <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvs
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> aRweris kidev erTi saintereso mcdeloba, <strong>bavSvebis</strong>aTvis momsaxurebis gamwev qarTul organizacias hqon<strong>da</strong>. organizaciis wevrebma, <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> ori jgufi bavSvsa <strong>da</strong> zr<strong>da</strong>sruls Soris arsebul tradiciul kavSirsa <strong>da</strong> am kavSiris gawyvetis safuZvelze ganasxvaves: pirveli jgufi: quCaSi cxovrebis riskis winaSe mdgomi bavSvebi – bavSvs ukve raRac dro aqvs quCaSi gatarebuli, magram rolebis ganawileba – mozrdili, rogorc mzrunveli <strong>da</strong> bavSvi, rogorc kmayofaze myofi - SenarCunebulia. meore jgufi: <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebi _ drois udides nawils quCaSi atareben, radgan mzrunvelis funqciasac bavSvebi asruleben. isini iZulebulni xdebian, Tavad irCinon Tavi <strong>da</strong> xSirad arCinon zr<strong>da</strong>srulebic, romlebsac mzrunvelis funqciis Sesruleba aRar Seu- ZliaT <strong>da</strong> bavSvebze <strong>da</strong>mokidebulni xdebian. zemoaRniSnuli terminebi <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> quCas Sefarebuli <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli sakiTxebis aRweris mcdeloba iyo. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, maT garkveuli SezRudvebi axasiaTebT, radgan TiToeuli yuradRebas amaxvilebs faqtorebis mcire ricxvze (adgilmdebareoba, urTierToba an <strong>quCis</strong> aqtivobebi). gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, isini <strong>bavSvebis</strong> quCuri cxovrebis cvalebad bunebas ar asaxavs. rogorc a.S.S. saerTaSoriso ganivaTarebis saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos adgilnacval bavSvTa <strong>da</strong> obolTa fondis (DCOF) saxelmZRvanelo dokumentSia gadmocemuli: ukanaskneli kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom quCaSi myofi bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> mozardebi quCaSi muSaobisa (quCaSi arsebuli samsaxuris gziT fulis gamomuSavebaze <strong>da</strong>xarjuli dro) <strong>da</strong> quCaSi cxovrebis (quCaSi an <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> TavSesafrebSi Zilze <strong>da</strong>xarjuli dro) sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xarisxiT gamoirCvvian. 5 <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> termini `<strong>quCis</strong> bavSvi~ aseve uaryofi- Ti konotaciiT aris <strong>da</strong>tvirTuli <strong>da</strong> xSirad yuradRebas quCaSi cxovrebis saziano aspeqtebze amaxvilebs <strong>da</strong> ara imaTze, vinc aseTi cxovrebiT cxovrobs. Tavad bavSvebs ar surT `<strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebad~ iwodebodnen. kvlevis dros Catar<strong>da</strong> ori fokus-jgufi (Tbilissa <strong>da</strong> rusTavSi) `ga<strong>da</strong>varCinoT <strong>bavSvebis</strong>~ proeqtis mobiluri jgufebisaTvis cnobili <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> monawileobiT. fasilitatorebis SekiTxvaze, ra saxels iyeneben bavSvebi sakuTari Tavis asaRwerad, pasuxi iyo _ `ubralod bavSvebi~. CaZiebisas maT sxva wina<strong>da</strong>debebic wamoayenes: `momuSave bavSvebi~, `maTxovari bavSvebi~, an `kai biWebi~. saxelTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli stigma <strong>da</strong> gansazRvrul kategoriebad <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>yofis tendencia imdenad Zlieria, rom xan<strong>da</strong>xan gvaviwyebs mTavars: `<strong>quCis</strong> bavSvi~ aris ubralod bavSvi - individualuri, unikaluri niWiTa <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebiT. <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> klasifikaciis gamoyenebisas un<strong>da</strong> 5. James-Wilson D. (2007); Building Brid<strong>ge</strong>s to Mainstream Opportunities; Displaced Children & Orphans Fund Gui<strong>da</strong>nce on Funding Priorities and Parameters for Street Children Programming ; USAID gvaxsovdes, rom jgufebi <strong>da</strong> qvejgufebi aucileblad erTgvarovani an erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli ar aris. nebismieri mkacri gansazRvrebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli SezRudvis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRniSnuli kvleva <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufebis axali gansazRvrebebis SemuSavebas ar isaxavs miznad. piriqiT, is cdilobs qveyanaSi aqamde gamoyenebuli terminologiis ga<strong>da</strong>mowmebas. ZiriTadi _ adgili-dro ganzomileba jer kidev gamoiyeneba, magram xdeba misi analizi iseTi faqtorebis mimarT, rogoricaa demografia, mobiluroba, ojaxi, TavSesafari, ganaTleba, Semosavlis gamomuSaveba, janmrTeloba <strong>da</strong> sxva. kvleva iTvaliswinebs, rom cxovrebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze, SesaZlebelia, <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebi erTi jgufi<strong>da</strong>n meoreSi ga<strong>da</strong>vidnen an erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave dros sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel Tvisebebs iziarebdnen. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>jgufeba <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>jgufebisa <strong>da</strong> kategorizaciis yvela zemoTCamoTvlili SezRudvis gaTvaliswinebiT, monacemTa analizis procesSi ori SesaZlo midgoma gamoikveTa. erTs SeiZleba tipologiis midgoma vuwodoT, romelic <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> konkretuli jgufebisa <strong>da</strong> qvejgufebis gansazRvrebas <strong>da</strong> politikis pasuxebis am saerTo jgufebisaTvis misa<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bas Seecdebo<strong>da</strong>. am modelis Tanaxmad, termini `<strong>quCis</strong> bavSvi~ gamoyenebuli iqnebo<strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT mZime pirobebSi myofi <strong>bavSvebis</strong> populaciaSi calke kategoriis <strong>da</strong>saxasiaTeblad. kvlevis monacemTa Tanaxmad, mzrunveli zr<strong>da</strong>srulis (mSoblebis an sxva naTesavebis) arseboba/ararseboba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> mdgomareobis Ziri- Tadi ganmsazRvrelia. am indikatoris gamoyenebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> erTi mTavari jgufi moicavs imaT, vinc ojaxis wevrebTan erTad ar cxovrobs (mTeli SerCevis 35%). zogadi saTauris qveS _ `<strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebi, romlebic ar cxovroben mSoblebTan an ojaxis wevrebTan erTad~, SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi qvejgufi: `ZiriTadi mzrunvelis gareSe <strong>da</strong>rCenili bavSvebi~ (isini, vinc ambobs, rom maTze aravin zrunavs). meore ZiriTadi jgufi moicavs bavSvebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT ZiriTadi mzrunvelis gansazRvra <strong>da</strong> am jgufis qvejgufs Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns ojaxebTan mcxovrebi bavSvebi. am farTo kategoriebis SigniT SesaZlebelia Semdgomi qvejgufebis gamoyofa: `bavSvebi, romlebic mTeli weli quCaSi cxovroben~ (quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi); `bavSvebi, romlebic mxolod zafxulis an zamTris Rameebs atareben quCaSi~ (quCasa <strong>da</strong> saxlSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi); `bavSvebi, romlebic quCaSi dRis saaTebs atareben, magram ara Rames~ (quCaSi aqtiuri bavSvebi). kvlevis monacemebis Tanaxmad, bavSvebi, romelTac ar hyavT mzrunveli <strong>da</strong> isini, vinc ojaxebTan ar cxovroben, ufro metad atareben Rameebs quCaSi, vidre bavSvebi, romlebic ojaxebTan cxovroben <strong>da</strong>/an hyavT mzrunveli. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>urbanuli</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>raodenoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> maxasiaTeblebi ❘ 13
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