44 ❘ nu miwodebT <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvs
winebas asaxeleben. es bavSvebi naklebad iricxebian skolaSi im bavSvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, vinc orive mSobelTan <strong>da</strong>/an sxva naTesavebTan cxovrobs. isini aseve ufro metad arian CarTuli maTxovrobaSi, vidre sxva tipis ojaxebSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi. orive mSobelTan an martoxela dedebTan mcxovreb bavSvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT am bavSvebSi ufro metad SeiniSnebo<strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi, xiluli travmebi <strong>da</strong> toqsikuri nivTierebebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi. SemTxveva #3: mari warmoSibiT rusTavTan axlos mdebare sofli<strong>da</strong>naa, Zalian Raribi ojadixan. mas arasdros uvlia skolaSi <strong>da</strong> profesiuli unar-Cvevebi ar aqvs. igi adre <strong>da</strong>qorwin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sofelSi qmris saxlSi ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong>. qmarTan mas oTxi Svili eyola, magram ori Cvilobis asakSi gar<strong>da</strong>icvala. mZime ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo marim <strong>da</strong> misma qmarma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites sofelSi saxli gaeyi<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong> sacxovreblad rusTavSi ga<strong>da</strong>suliyvnen, sa<strong>da</strong>c Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva adgilas oTaxebs qiraobdnen. male, maris umuSevari qmari kriminalur saqmianobaSi CaerToO <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivi ganaCeniT cixeSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. mari mas gaSor<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sxva kacTan ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong> sacxovreblad. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom es urTierToba oficialurad registrirebuli ar yofila mari mas meore qmrad ixsenieb<strong>da</strong>. momdevno wlebSi marim kidev sami Svili gaaCina. pirveli qorwinebi<strong>da</strong>n bavSvebma skolaSi <strong>da</strong>iwyes siaruli, magram meore klass ver gascdnen. swored maSin, meore qmarma miatova ojaxi <strong>da</strong> marim <strong>bavSvebis</strong> ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa ver SeZlo. arsebobis SesanarCuneblad maTxovroba <strong>da</strong>iwyo. siRaribem <strong>da</strong> usaxlkarobam maris axali urTierTobisaken ubiZga <strong>da</strong> igi mesame partniorTan ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong>. Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad, bavSvebi de<strong>da</strong>sTan cxovrobdnen. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom maris maTxovroba ojaxis rCenis erTaderTi wyaro iyo ojaxs sacxovrebeli adgili mainc hqon<strong>da</strong>. magram male gairkva, rom maris partniori bavSvebs ar iReb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> xSirad maT emociur <strong>da</strong> fizikur Seuracxyofas ayeneb<strong>da</strong>. bavSvebi Tavs saxlSi usafrTxod aRar grZnobdnen - ufros biWebs mdgomareobam saxlis <strong>da</strong>tovebisaken ubiZga. mxolod naTesavebTan mcxovrebi bavSvebi mTeli Ser- Cevis 4%-s Sead<strong>ge</strong>nen. gaWirvebis done am bavSvebSi ufro maRalia (2.9) vidre im bavSvebSi, vinc orive mSobelTan an mxolod de<strong>da</strong>sTan cxovrobs. ojaxis gareSe mcxovrebi <strong>bavSvebis</strong> msgavsad, naTesavebTan mcxovrebi bavSvebi mSoblebis gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebas mTavar problemad asaxeleben. sxva tipis ojaxebSi mcxovreb bavSvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT es bavSvebi aseve yvelaze xSirad asaxeleben `mSoblebis aryofnas~. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, yvela sxva tipis ojaxebSi mcxovreb <strong>bavSvebis</strong>agan gansxvavebiT isini yvelaze xSirad iricxebian skolaSi. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad maTxovrobis xSiri SemTxvevebisa es bavSvebi yvelaze xSirad amboben, rom fuls ar saWiroeben. <strong>da</strong> bolos, <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebi, vinc wina Tves ojaxSi ar cxovrob<strong>da</strong>, yvelaze metia – yvela bavSvis 36%. am <strong>bavSvebis</strong> TiTqmis naxevari 11-<strong>da</strong>n 14 wlamde asakisaa. sainteresoa, rom ojaxebSi armcxovrebi <strong>bavSvebis</strong> 50%-ze meti quCaSi mxolod dRis saaTebSia. zogi maTgani sacxovreblad bavSTa saxlebs/TavSesafrebs an megobris saxls asaxelebs. sxvebi, rogorc sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebis proeqtebi varaudoben, RamiT iaffasian oTaxebs qiraoben. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom es bavSvebi ojaxuri problemebis nusxaSi pirvel adgilze ekonomikur problemebs asaxeleben, maTTvis ekonomikuri faqtori gacilebiT ufro naklebad mniSvnelovania, vidre sxva tipis ojaxebSi. ojaxis wevrebis gareSe mcxovrebi <strong>bavSvebis</strong>aTvis upirvelesi problema mSoblebis gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebaa. magram isini mTavar problemad aseve mxolod erTi mSoblis yolas an `mSoblebis aryofnas~ asaxeleben. isini ar iricxebian skolaSi, maSin, roca mTliani SerCevis <strong>bavSvebis</strong> 14% skolaSi iricxeba <strong>da</strong> maTxovrobis <strong>da</strong> qurdobis ufro maRali maCvenebliT gamoirCevian (64% <strong>da</strong> 10%), vidre bavSvebi mTlian SerCevaSi. mxolod 2%-ma aRniSna, rom gasuli Tvis ganmavlobaSi fuli ar gamoimuSava (maSin roca, mTliani SerCevisaTvis Sesabamisi maCvenebeli TiTqmis 10%-ia). aseve, interviuerebma gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi, xiluli fizikuri travmebi <strong>da</strong> toqsikuri nivTierebebis gamoyenebis gacilebiT meti SemTxvevevbi am bavSvebSi SeamCnies. <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> mier ojaxis mTavari problemebis aRqma bavSvebs maTi ojaxis mTavari problema un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>esaxelebinaT (`pirveli pasuxi~) <strong>da</strong> Semdeg problemebis winaswar Sed<strong>ge</strong>nili sii<strong>da</strong>n amoerCiaT meti problemebi (`<strong>da</strong>asaxeleT yvela~). CakiTxvis Sedegad, bavSvebi saSualod 2.5 sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva ojaxur problemas asaxelebdnen. yvelaze met problemas asaxelebdnen bavSvebi, vinc erT mSobelTan <strong>da</strong> sxva naTesavTan cxovrobs – (3.6); bavSvebi, romelTac mxolod mama hyavT cocxali (3.0); bavSvebi, visac imave qalaqSi mxolod erTi mSobeli hyavs <strong>da</strong> isini, vinc ambobs, rom maTze aravin zrunavs. socialuri mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris dones (imave qalaqSi mcxovrebi zr<strong>da</strong>sruli naTesavebis <strong>raodenoba</strong>) <strong>da</strong> gaWirvebis dones (CamoTvlili problemebis <strong>raodenoba</strong>) Soris mniSvnelovani korelacia ar aris. yvela ojaxuri problema rva sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kategoriaSi <strong>da</strong>jguf<strong>da</strong>. ekonomikur siZneleebSi moiazrebo<strong>da</strong>: siRaribe ojaxSi, umuSevari mSoblebi, sacxovreblis uqonloba, valebi <strong>da</strong> SimSili. problemebis sxva jgufi moicav<strong>da</strong> orive an erTi mSoblis gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebas. `mSoblebis aryofnaSi~ <strong>da</strong>jguf<strong>da</strong> mSoblebis adgilsamyofelis ucodinroba, mSoblebis sazRvargareT yofna, an mSoblis (xSirad mamis) cixeSi yofna. `mSoblebi ganqorwinebulia an meored <strong>da</strong>qorwinebuli~ kategoriaSi bavSvebi ganqorwinebas an meored qorwinebas calke problemad asaxelebdnen <strong>da</strong> aseve dedinacvalTan an maminacvalTan cudi urTierTobis Sesaxeb saubrobdnen. alkoholizmis/ojaxuri Zaladobis problema gulisxmob<strong>da</strong>, rom ojaxSi romelime <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>urbanuli</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>raodenoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> maxasiaTeblebi ❘ 45