22 ❘ nu miwodebT <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvs
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d zafxulSi atareben, roca gareT Tbila. Rameebis quCaSi gatarebis mixedviT SeiZleba <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> sami jgufi gamoiyos: a) quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi (romlebsac quCaSi mTeli weli sZinavT – 6%); b) quCasa <strong>da</strong> saxlSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi (romlebsac quCaSi weliwadSi mxolod ramdenime Tve sZinavT – 19%) <strong>da</strong> g) quCaSi aqtiuri bavSvebi (romlebic mTel dRes quCaSi atareben, magram iq ar sZinavT – 74%). aris aseve <strong>bavSvebis</strong> mcire <strong>raodenoba</strong>, romelTac quCaSi ojaxebTan erTad sZinavT. 3. quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi, TiTqmis mTlianad, 11- <strong>da</strong>n 18 wlamde asakis biWebi arian. maTi umravlesoba an orive mSobliT obolia, an Tu maT hyavT mSoblebi, maTi mSoblebi <strong>da</strong> naTesavebi sxva qalaqSi cxovroben. maTi kavSiri ojaxTan _ Tu aseTi arsebobs _ Zalian sustia. isini ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d usaxlkaroni arian <strong>da</strong> siRaribeSi cxovroben, ar <strong>da</strong>dian skolaSi an miatoves iq siaruli. quCaSi mcxovrebi <strong>bavSvebis</strong> umetesoba ukve or welze metia quCaSi cxovrobs. maTi ga<strong>da</strong>rCenis strategia quCaSi fulis gamomuSavebas <strong>da</strong> arsebuli socialuri momsaxurebis gamoyenebas moicavs. 4. quCasa <strong>da</strong> saxlSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi weliwadSi mxolod ramdenime Tves atareben quCaSi (Cveulebriv, Tbili Tveebis dros, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d zafxulSi). quCaSi cxovrebisas, maT ojaxebTan susti an saerTod aranairi kavSiri ara aqvT. isini saxlSi zamTris periodis ganmavlobaSi brundebian. am <strong>bavSvebis</strong> umravlesobam ekonomikuri siduxWire gamoiara; maT aseve <strong>da</strong>kar<strong>ge</strong>s an hyavT mSobeli, iyvnen mSobelTa alkoholizmis/ ojaxuri Zaladobis, ganqorwinebis an meored <strong>da</strong>qorwinebis, rogorc ojaxuri problemebis, momswreebi. ramdenime jer kidev iricxeba skolaSi, xolo umravlesobam skola miatova. umravlesoba fuls quCaSi gamoimuSavebs <strong>da</strong> sakuTari an ojaxis saWiroebebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebaze xarjavs. 5. quCaSi aqtiuri bavSvebi Cveulebriv mSoblebTan an martoxela dedebTan erTad cxovroben. isini imave problemebis winaSe dganan, rogorc quCasa <strong>da</strong> saxlSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi, magram mSoblebs kvlav mTavar mzrunvelebad Tvlian. isini ojaxis wevrebTan ufro mtkice kavSirebs inarCuneben. xuTi<strong>da</strong>n erTi bavSvi kvlav iricxeba skolaSi <strong>da</strong> mxolod ramdenimem miatova skola, Tumca umravlesobas saklaso oTaxi arasdros unaxavs. quCaSi aqtiuri bavSvebi fuls xSirad quCaSi gamoimuSaveben, rom ojaxSi <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Semosavali Seitanon. 6. quCaSi gatarebuli periodis gaxangrZlivebaTan erTad, <strong>bavSvebis</strong> kavSiri ojaxTan an skolasTan sustdeba <strong>da</strong> isini ufro metad eZeben alternatiul mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras, rogoricaa, magaliTad, socialuri momsaxureba <strong>da</strong> imave cxovrebiseul situaciaSi myof TanatolebTan socialuri kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myareba. <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> ojaxebi 1. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> 85%-is erTi mSobeli mainc cocxalia, 55%-s orive mSobeli hyavs, 24%-s _ mxolod de<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> 6%-s _ mxolod mama. im bavSvebs Soris, visac erTi an orive mSobeli hyavs, 85%-is de<strong>da</strong> imave qalaqSi cxovrobs <strong>da</strong> 71%-s mamac imave qalaqSi hyavs. <strong>bavSvebis</strong> umravlesobis <strong>da</strong>-Zmebi <strong>da</strong> naTesavebic imave qalaqSi arian. 2. <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebs, visac orive mSobeli hyavs, ufro mtkice kavSiri aqvs de<strong>da</strong>sTan, vidre mamasTan. <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> umravlesoba mTavar mzrunvelebad mSoblebs an sxva naTesavebs miiCneven. <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> ojaxebSi dedebi mTavari (<strong>da</strong> xSirad erTaderTi) mzrunvelebi arian. <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT erTi mesamedi aravis miiCnevs mzrunvelad, magram es bavSvebi oblebi ar arian. rac ufro met dros atarebs bavSvi quCaSi, miT ufro sustdeba misi kavSiri mSoblebTan. aseve, ufros <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebs ufro iSviaTad hyavT mzrunvelebi, vidre umcrosebs. 3. erTi an orive mSoblis aryofnas an gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebas (anu mzrunvelis naklebobas), bavSvis cxovrebis mraval aspeqtze aqvs gavlena, gansakuTrebiT Tu sxva naTesavebi imave qalaqSi ar cxovroben. aseTi bavSvebi ufro metad arian midrekilni quCaSi Ramis gaTenebisa an 24 saaTi quCaSi cxovrebisaken. isini ufro naklebad iricxebian skolaSi <strong>da</strong> aseve izrdeba skolis mitovebis albaToba. es bavSvebi mSoblis <strong>da</strong>kargvas an aryofnas ekonomikur problemebis tol an ufro did problemad aRiqvamen. umravlesoba iZulebuli xdeba, saarsebo fuli moipovos. arsebuli socialuri momsaxureba <strong>quCis</strong> oboli <strong>bavSvebis</strong> Zalian mcire <strong>raodenoba</strong>s <strong>da</strong>exmara. ufro metic, araoboli bavSvebi, romlebic acxadeben, rom maTze aravin zrunavs, ufro metad iyeneben socialur momsaxurebas. 4. <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> 65% ojaxebSi, orive mSobelTan an martoxela dedebTan cxovrobs. ojaxebis sxva formebi moicavs: martoxela mamebs, erT mSobels ojaxSi <strong>da</strong> sxva naTesavs mzrunvelis rangSi (xSirad dedinacvali/maminacvali an bebia/babua) an naTesavebTan cxovrebas mSoblebis gareSe. <strong>da</strong>narCeni 35% ar cxovrobs ojaxebTan, magram maTgan umravlesoba Rameebs quCaSi ar atarebs <strong>da</strong> sanacvlod bavSvTa saxlSi, TavSesafarSi, megobrebTan an <strong>da</strong>qiravebul iaffasian sacxovrebelSi sZinavs. erT mSobelTan <strong>da</strong> sxva naTesavTan (xSirad dedinacvalTan an maminacvalTan) mcxovrebi bavSvebi yvelaze metad uCivian gaWirvebas, xolo orive mSobelTan mcxovrebi bavSvebi _ yvelaze naklebad. 5. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> bavSvebi saSualod ori<strong>da</strong>n samamde ojaxur stresors asaxeleben: ekonomikuri siZneleebi (siRaribe, umuSevroba, usaxlkaroba, valebi an SimSili), yvelaze xSirad <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli problemaa, romelsac mosdevs ojaxis Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobis cvlileba (mSoblis an mSoblebis gar<strong>da</strong>cvaleba an aryofna, mSoblebis ganqorwineba/meore qorwineba) <strong>da</strong> ojaxSi alkoholizmis/ojaxuri Zaladobis <strong>da</strong> janmrTelobis problemebi. ojaxis stresorebis sirTulis zr<strong>da</strong>sTan erTad, bavSvebi ufro met dros <strong>da</strong> xSirad Rameebsac quCaSi atareben. ojaxis stresorebs Soris arsebobs ori iseTi stresori, romelTac Seu- <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>urbanuli</strong> <strong>quCis</strong> <strong>bavSvebis</strong> <strong>raodenoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> maxasiaTeblebi ❘ 23