ASASI_2004_Mei-Juni - Elsam

More documents

Recommendations

Info

sion on Human Rights, Argentina pada 1991 memberin kompensasi bagi korban pelanggaran hak HAM, nya pada kasus-kasus penghilangan orang. Komisi pemerintah Argentina yang menangani pembayaran f;ta""%tJflChirimendirikanNationalCorporationf or klaim karena luka berat atau mati; Tipe C klaim untuk ka- Reparation and Rehabilitation atas mandat Chilean Tluth mmission's. Pada 199?, Australia, pemerintah menertkan laporan berjudul "National Inquiry into the Separaof Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from eir Families", YaDB merekomendasikan pembayaran mpensasr. JuIi2001,sekitar2,6 jutaklaimditerimakomisiiniuntuk Di Mesir antara Januari 1993 hingga September 1998, diproses. Sebagianbesar klaim sudah diproses dan meng- ge1qa,fifnmemberikankompensasiantaraUS$l50hingga habiskan dana sebesar US$35,4 miliariementara the 10 US$15.000 dalam 648 kasus. Salah satunya, sebesar ribu klaim lainnya menuntut kompensasi sebesar US$ 200 US$1.500 diberikan kepada Assim Yusuf Isma'il, seorang miliar. wa.rga negara Mesir yang ditahan dari 6 JuIi hingga 23 Noer 1995 tanpa prcses pengadilan. Selama penahanan itu 'il mengalami perlakuan yang tidak manusiawi, ditelandi bagian kelaminnya oleh State s Department (SSI), semacam Q bag para korban akibat pendudukan sebuah wilayah oleh Di Amerika Serikat, warga negara asing bisa digugat oleh ,r"!"ouit aitempat-tempatlain. warga negara asing juga untuk membayar kompensasi Fengalaman UNCC ini menarik karena menangani al ibat pelanggaran HAM yang dilakukan tergugat di kompeirsasi dalam skala besar bukanlah hal yang mudah, negaranya. Misalnya pada oktober 2001, Pengadilan Feda1 Distrik NewYork memutuskan bahwa Presiden Robert abe dalam kapasitasnya sebagai pemimpin partai Zimwe African 5a1i61rlist Union-Patriotic Fbont (ZANU- ) diharuskan membayar kompensasi terhadap para rban pelanggaran HAM yang dilakukan oleh para peran Komisi Kebenaran yang sudah dibenhrk disejum- anggota partai tersebut. Demikian juga gugatan serupa lahnegerasepertiA.frikaSelatan(SouthAfricanTruthand terhadap mantan Presiden Marcos dan Letjen Johny Reconciliation Commission/TRC), juga akan menangani Lumintang untuk kasr:s Timor Timur. Lumintang digugat reparasi secara telcris - membayar kompensasi sebesar US$ 150 ribu untuk seorang TRC membentuk The Reparation and Rehabititation penggugat asal Timor Timur yang mewakili keluarganya. Committee (RRC). RRC kemudian menyusun kebijakan Lumintang digugat di pengadilan distrik Columbia unreparasi dan rehabilitasi yang tendiri dari Lima komponen: tuk komplain penggugat yang namanya dirahasiakan atas ia) secepatnya melakr:kan pembayaran reparasi kepada summary execution, penyiksaan, perlakukan kejam, para korban yang membutuhkan (b) untuk gantirugi reparasi perseorangan bagi masingmasing korban pelanggaranllAM berat dibayar sete- I fr lah periode enam tahun; b vl (c) dministrasif; (d) ;dan VictimPro- (e) an PrinsiP- Sumber dana unhrk kompensasi di A.foika Selatan berasal p di AS' The dari anggaran belanja naslonal, donasi internasional dan Torture Victim Protection Act memberi jurisdiksi r'rntuk Iokal, dil donasi-donasi lainnya. Laporan TB,C menyatakan perbuatan penyiksaan (torture) dan summa4r execution. meretamerekomendasi22.00tikorbanyangharusmenerima The Alien Tort Claims Act memberi yurisdiksi pada kompensasi masing-masing sebesar antara ZAR 1?.000 dan langgar ZAR 23.000 (US$ 1,6?8-2,270), jadi total sebesar ZAF" 2,8 miliar (US$ 0,28 miliar) selama enamtahun. Jumlalurya nilai engan ,r"rtgny"*".n"ogtidakterlalubanyak. internasional, United Nations Char- Declaration of Human Rights, (19a8); oI bebarapa tr"gat" lainnya, peraturan hukum tentang hak untuk menda:patkan reparisi juga dibuat misalaya: ant on Civil and Political Rights, (1966); Brazil pada 19 Komisi Reparasi of the united lumbia, huium 135 anggota pas p"-".n;t.h.tt *ltit"t Brazil. Hungaria juga mendirikan HAM melalui i.Iational Damage Claims Settlemmt Office pada 1991 un- pengadilan seperti ini juga merupakan alternatif lain dari tuk memberikan kompensasi atas tindakan di luar hukum perwujudan hak atas reparasi. Namun tentu saja asum- sinya, pengadilan independen dan memiliki yurisdiksi oleh negara di masa IaIu. Meng-adopsi prosedur reparasi dari Inter-American Com- te adap kasus yang ditangaair InAwAN sAproNo 12 Edisi Mei-Juni 2oo4
ELEMEN-ELEMEN KUNCI DALAM DRAFT "Basic Principles and Guldellnes on the Bight to Reparatlon for Victims of Gross Vlolations of Human Blghts and Humanltarlan Lavl' KOVENAN-KOVENAN I NTERNASIONAL YANG MEMUAT HAK REPARASI tngtt toBeparation) Defisisi korban dan hak-hak korban; Perlakuan terhadao korban; Hak korban mendapatkan remedy (usadal dan akses terhadap keadilan; r Hak memoeroleh reoarasi dan bentukbentuk reoarasi: Asas nondiskriminasi di antara roroan, r Kewajiban negara untuk menghormati dan menegakkan hukum HAM dan hukum humaniter international; r Cakupan kewajiban negara seperti pencegahan, investigasi, penghukuman, remeoy, oan reparasr; r Bekerjasama dengan negara-negara pihak dalam hal penyesuaian hukum-hukum nasional untuk menerima yurisdiksi internasional bagi kejahatan HAM berat di bawah hukum internasional (ekstradisi. asistensi yuridis,dan sistensi dan proteksi untuk korban dan saki mata): r Akses publik akan informasi Pasal 75, Stauta Roma The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) 1. The Court shall establish principles r elating to reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation. On this basis. in its decision the Court may, either upon request or on its own motion in exceptional circumstances, determine the scope and extent of any damage, loss and injury to, or in respect of, victims and will state the principles on which it is acting. 2 The Court may make an or der directly against a convicted person specifying appropriate reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation Where appropriate, the Court may order that the award for reparations be made through the Trust Fund provided for in article 79. 3 Befor e making an order under this article, the Court may invite and shall take account of reoresentations from or on behalf of the convicted person, victims, other interested oersons or interested States. Pasal 2 (3), lnternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, yang mewajibkan negara-negara pihak menjalankan hal-hals ebagai berikut: (a) To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognised are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been commatted by persons acting in an official capacity; (b) To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy; (a) To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when qranted Pasal 9 (5) Anyone who has been the victim of unlaMul arrest or detention shall have an enforceable right to compensation. Pasal | 3, Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Each State Party shall ensure that any individual who alleges that he has been subjected to torture in any territory under its jurisdiction has the right to complain to, and to have his case promptly and impartially examined by, its competent authorities. Steps shall be taken to ensure that the complainant and witnesses are protected against all ill-treatment or intimidation as a consequence of his complaint or any evidence given. Pasal I 4 Each State Party shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible In the event of the death of the victim as a result of an act of torture, his dependants shall be entitled to compensation. Pasal 6, lnternational Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination States Parties shall assure to everyone within their lurisdiction effective protection and remedies, through the comoetent national tribunals and other State institutions, against any acts of racial discrimination which violate his human rights and fundamental freedoms contrary to this Convention, as well as the right to seek from such tribunals just and adequate rcparation or satisfaction for any damage suffered as a result of such discrimination. Pasal 39, The Convention on the Rights of the Child States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflics. Such recovery and reintegration shall take olace in an environment which fosters the health, peer-respect and dignity of the child Pasal | 9, Declaration of Basic Princioles of .Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power States should consider incorporating into the national law norms proscribing abuses of power and orovidinq rcmedies to victims of such abuses. in oarticular. such remedies should include rcstitution andior compensation, and necessary material, medical, psychological and social assistance and suooort Pasal 20, Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extralegal, Arbitrary and 5ummary Executions The families and deoendants of victims of extra-legal, arbitrary or summary executions shall be entitled to fair and adequate compensation within a reasonable oeriod of time . T Edisi Mei-Juni 20cASASI 13
Page 2 and 3: --_-_--_--- w\a{w.elsam.or.ld dafra
Page 4 and 5: I LAFORAN T'TAMA CALON PRESIDEN, RE
Page 6 and 7: Jendral (Purn) Wlranto Periniwa (1)
Page 8 and 9: -- juga melindungi kedua pihak, bai
Page 10 and 11: ilrb Korban pelanggaran IIAM memili
Page 12 and 13: I Peranan Penti dan Kebenar alam ea
Page 14 and 15: e* I { r,a ttul kreatifnya inistiat
Page 16 and 17: ariib-r f I an kolaboratif, misalny
Page 18 and 19: I lu ? .ll-.'t,J .* 19 ! l II i Put
Page 22 and 23: Indonesia adalah contoh yang buruk,
Page 24 and 25: maupun orgarfsasi non-pemerintah. D
Page 26 and 27: LUAR NEGERI ICTY Memperluas Definis
Page 28: RESENSI BUKU MenguakTabir C'elap Ju

ASASI_2004_Mei-Juni - Elsam

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?