msoflio saeklesio krebebi dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba

dogmatur-istoriuli sakiTxebi 

mokle saswavlo kursi 

msoflio 

saeklesio krebebi 

dogmaturi 

RmrTismetyveleba 

mesame gamocema 

Seadgina grigol ruxaZem 

saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqos gamomcemloba 

Tbilisi, 2008

2 3 

daibeWda uwmidesisa da unetaresis 

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis 

jmjb!JJ 

locva-kurTxeviT 

naSromSi warmodgenilia msoflio saeklesio krebebis 

(IV-VIII ss.) dogmatur-istoriuli da TviT dogmatikis 

sistemuri swavlebis mokle kursebi, risTvisac ZiriTadad 

gamoyenebulia prof. a. lebe devis (b“åëå…“*,å “% K%!/, 

2. III, qå!ã. o%“ä., 1896; 2. IV, qoa., 1904) da mTavarep. filaretis 

(o!="%“ë="…%å ä%ãì=2,÷å“*%å K%ã%“ë%",å, ). I-II, 

qoa., 1882) saxelmZRvaneloebi. 

gankuTvnilia marTlmadidebluri RmrTismetyvelebis 

safuZvlebis Seswavlis msurvelTa da eklesiis istoriul-dogmatikuri 

sakiTxebiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTaTvis. 

redaqtori prof. gvanca koplataZe 

recenzenti protopresviteri 

giorgi gamrekeli 

ISBN 978-9941-9016-2-1 © grigol ruxaZe, 

winaTqma 

RmrTismetyvelebis doqtoris aleqsi lebedevis msoflio 

saeklesio krebebisa da mTavarepiskoposi filaretis (gumilevski) 

dogmaturi RmrTismetyvelebis mokle kursebi eklesiis interesebidan 

gamomdinare, jer kidev gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi 

(rogorc Tsa-is sadiplomo naSromi) movamzadeT, radgan 

aRniSnul saki TxebTan dakavSirebuli si stematuri Txzulebebi 

Tanamedrove qarTul enaze ar gagvaCnda. am mxriv mdgomareoba 

arsebiTad ar Secvlila, xolo Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebis Seswavla 

da gamocema, miT umetes am Jamad, mraval problemasTan aris 

dakavSirebuli da Znel saqmes warmoadgens. aqve unda SevniSnoT, 

rom Zveli qarTuli teqstebis sruli korpusis gamoqveyneba 

kidevac rom moxerxdes, sasurvel Sedegs mainc ver gamoiRebs, 

radgan enobrivi sirTulis gamo mxolod specialistTa viwro 

wrisaTvis iqneba misawvdomi. Teol o giuri profilis saswavleblebSi 

swavlebis procesis sworad warsamarTavad ki vfiqrobT, 

rom aseTi saxis naSromebis Sedgena aucilebelia, radgan sasuliero 

ganaTlebis safuZvelTa safuZvels do gmatikis swavleba 

warmoadgens. warmodgenili naSromis mesamed gamocemac iman 

ganapiroba, rom jerjerobiT, sanam ufro vrceli da srulyofili 

saxelmZRvanelo Seqmnila, masze mkiTxvelis moTxovna isev arsebobs. 

msoflio krebebsa da eklesiis mamebis moRvaweobaze da k v i rvebiT 

SeiZleba Semdegi daskvnebi gamovitanoT: 

1.ÿsaxelmwifos Zlierebas erisa da eklesiis erTsulovneba 

gansa zRvravs, Zliereba ki _ mSvidobas, romelic ZiriTadi pirobaa 

mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis. 

2.ÿwm. mamebi WeSmariti aRmsareblobis gamomxatveli TiToeuli 

si tyvisaTvis swiravdnen Tavs, radgan swavlebis mTel 

Sinaarss xSirad erTi termini itevs. 

3.ÿWeSmaritebas gonieri mtrebi hyavs da maTTan brZola sarwmunoebis 

mecnierulsa da Rrma codnas moiTxovs, romlis SeZenac 

mxolod Sesabamisi zneobisa da sulierebis mqone mo rwmuneT 

xelewifebaT. 

4.ÿeklesiis swavlebis dasacavad, pirobiTad eresis mxilebis 

sami saxe SeiZleba gamovyoT: a) zogadi: roca eklesia eress mxolod 

swori swavlebis gadmocemiT ebrZvis; b) SegonebiTi: roca

4 winaTqma grigol ruxaZe 

5 

avtori cdilobs Tavis SecdomaSi gaarkvios marTali swavlebis 

mowinaaRmdege; g) aSkara: roca mwvalebeli borotmoqmedebaSi 

pirdapiraa mxilebuli. _ÿsamive SemTxveva ZiriTadad Sesabamisi 

istoriuli pirobebidan gamomdinareobs. 

5.ÿarc erTi eresis warmoSobis mizezi SemTxveviToba ar yofi 

la da misi moqmedeba WeSmaritebis siZulvils ukavSirdeba, 

romelic SuriTa da ampartavnebiTaa nasazrdoebi. 

6.ÿWeSmaritad ganaTlebuli pirovnebis saxes upiratesad 

RmrTi smetyveluri ganswavluloba gansazRvravs; sxvagvarad: 

sarwmunoebriv kanonebSi gaucnobierebel adamians myari zneobrivi 

safuZveli ar SeiZleba hqondes. 

7.ÿeklesias axasiaTebs diplomatia da politika, romels ac 

igi simSvidis SenarCunebisa da uSfoTvelobisaTvis iye nebs da 

mas ierarqebi warmarTaven. mis diplomatiaSi _ sxve bTan urTierTobaSi 

mravalRoneoba, xolo politikaSi _ Sina da sagareo 

urTierTobaTa principi igulisxmeba. 

rac Seexeba RmrTismetyvelebis Cvens wyaros, masSi gadmocemuli 

marTlmadidebluri dogmatebi wm. weriliTa da wm. gardmocemiTaa 

dadasturebuli. magram Cven mxolod ZiriTad swav lebebs 

SevexeT da iseve rogorc krebebis istoria, SeZlebisdagvarad 

mokled gadmoveciT, raTa misawvdomi gagvexada rwmenis safuZvlebiT 

dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wri saTvis. miT umetes, 

axla, roca yvela (kaTolikec, protestantic) Tavis Tavs qristians 

uwodebs, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs marTali sarwmunoebis 

mecnierul codnas, rac qarTveli eris problematuri da 

principuli sakiTxebis sa ke TildRe od gadaWrisaTvis gardauval 

aucileblobad unda migvaCndes. 

roca Cvens sulier kulturaze vlaparakobT, Tvalwin misi 

Semqmneli Cveni Rirseuli mamuliSvilebi, didi mamebi, mwerlebi, 

mecnierebi Tu sazogado moRvaweebi warmogvidgebian. vis SeuZlia 

daasaxelos maTgan Tundac erTi pirovneba, romelic Rrmad ar 

erkveoda saRmrTismetyvelo sakiTxebSi, an eklesiis madls iyo 

moklebuli? xolo dRes, roca sakiTxi suliersa da moralur 

Sefasebas moiTxovs, samwuxarod, TviT aRiarebul moazrovneebTanac 

ki miuRebel msjelobasa da antiqristianul gamonaTqvamebs 

SexvdebiT. xSirad TviT dogmatis cnebac, rogorc brmad miRebuli 

debuleba da rogorc gonebrivi Sez Ruduloba isea gagebuli. 

sinamdvileSi xom es warmodgenebi RmrTismbrZolTa moweuli 

Sxamiani nayofia, romelic umec rebis gamo axlac Zveleburad 

wamlavs sulebs. marTlmadidebloba RmrTis mcnebebisa da dogmatebis 

erTobliobaa da romelimes uaryofa aRmsareblobis 

uaryofasac niSnavs. 

marTalia, Cveni msjelobis safuZvels gamocxadebiT mocemuli 

WeSmaritebis rwmena da dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba warmoadgens, 

magram saxareba gvaswavlis, rom WeSmaritebaSi Teoriuli 

mxaris garda zneobrivic igulisxmeba. amitom sar wmu noebri vi 

ka nonebis anu dogmatikis codna saSualebas gvaZlevs istoriul 

sinamdviles analizi gavukeToT. bibliuri istoriebi 

iq neba es Tu `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gamocdileba, naTlad Cans, 

rom WeSmariti aRmsareblobisgan adamianTa gandgomas Sedegad 

yo velTvis maTive ubedureba mohyveboda; aseve, Tu Cvens 

dRevandel mdomareobas dogmatur-istoriuli TvalsazrisiT 

ganvixilavT, sakiTxi SeiZleba ase Camova yaliboT: ers, romelic 

sulieri saZirkvelis gamagrebisaTvis ganaTlebis mtkice sistemas 

ver aRadgens (romelic bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi 

katastrofulad nadgurdeba), globalizaciis morevi Ca iTrevs 

da er ovnul-sarwmunoebrivi erTianobis ideaze aR o rZinebul 

qar T ul kulturul fenomens Ziri gamoeTxreba. Ta na medrove 

sazo ga doebis ganaTlebul, ufro sworad, swavlul nawils Segnebuli 

rom hqondes WeSmariti sarwmunoebis mniSvneloba, igi 

sworad gansazRvravda Tavis beds da qristes mo winaa RmdegeSi 

saqarTvelos mtris danaxva ar gauWirdeboda. pavle mociqulis 

sityviT, sjuli misTvis ambobs, vinc mas emorCileba (rom. 3,19), 

amitom umniSvnelo nawilis windaxeduloba erisaTvis sakmarisi 

ar aris. Cveni umecrebiT keTili borotisagan Tu ver gavarCieT, 

swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad uZlurni aR movCndebiT. 

rogorc cxovrebis kanonzomiereba gvaswavlis: RmrTis wyalobiT, 

Tuki inteligenciis im nawilma, romelsac sazogadoebrivi 

azris warmarTva akisria, aRiara, rom marTlmadideblobaSia 

Cveni xsna, maSin erisa da eklesiis erToba Cvens patara saqarTvelosac 

ki aqcevs im klded, romelsac bWeni jojoxeTisani 

ver moerevian. safuZveli amisaTvis, vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos 

saxelmwifosa da marTlmadidebel eklesias So ris 2002 wels gaformebuli 

xelSekrulebiT ukve daido, xolo keTili momavali

6 nikea, 325 w. 

7 

msoflio saeklesio 

krebebi 

pirveli msoflio saeklesio kreba 

(nikea, 325 w.) 

rac sam aseul episkoposs surda, es aris ara sxva ram, 

aramed TviT RmrTis azri, miT umetes maSin, roca amdeni 

da amgvari Rirsebis mqone mamis gonebaSi mkvi drobda 

suliwmida, romelic maT RmrTeebriv nebas uCvenebda. 

konstantine didi. 

dogmaturi sakiTxi, romelic nikeis krebaze mamebis yuradRebas 

iqcevda, Semdegi iyo: miviCnioT Tu ara Ze RmrTisa RmerTad, 

romelic Tanaswori iqneba mama RmerTisa, Tu vaRiaroT igi 

qmnilebaTa Soris srulyofilad an kidev miviCnioT RmerTad, 

magram RirsebiT ara Tanasworad mamisa. 

kreba mxolod garkveuli mxaris warmomadgenlebisagan 

rodi Sedgeboda. masSi monawileobdnen ori dogmaturi partiis 

momxreebi: marTlmadideblebi da ariozelebi. 

marTlmadidebelTa Sesaxeb sozomene SeniSnavs: èrTni 

(krebis monawile mamaTagan) odiTgan gadmocemul sarwmunoebriv 

sakiTxebSi siaxleebis Semotanas eridebodnen; eseni swored 

is aRmsarebelni iyvnen, romelTac Cveulebebis ubraloeba 

STaagonebda cbierebis gareSe mieRoT RmrTis sarwmunoeba~. 

am Tvalsazrisze mdgomTaTvis goneba sruliad eqve mdebareboda 

sarwmunoebas. `wm. samebis saidumlo aRemateba yovelgvar 

gonsa da sityvas da sruliad miuwvdomelia. igi mxolod rwmeniT 

Seimecneba~, _ aseve msjelobdnen Ze RmerTis hipos tas zec, 

romlis arsis ganusazRvreloba wm. weriliT sabuTdeba: aravin 

icis Ze, garna mamaman; arca mamaÁ vin icis, garna Zeman (mT. 11,27). 

marTalia, Cven vmsjelobT marTlmadidebelTa damaxasiaTebel 

Tvisebebze, kerZod imaze, rom isini eridebodnen religiuri 

sakiTxebis mecnierul gamoZiebas, magram isic unda gvaxsovdes, 

rom amave partias ekuTvnodnen iseTi pirebic, romlebsac 

seriozuli ganaTleba hqondaT miRebuli da dialeqtikur 

mecnierebebSi ganswavlulobiT gamoirCeodnen. maT swamdaT, 

rom Ze RmerTi iseTive srulyofili RmerTia, rogorc mama da 

aswavlidnen: `qristem Tqva: `me da mamaÁ Cemi erT varT~ (in. 

10,30). am sityvebiT macxovari imas ki ar gamoxatavs, rom ori 

buneba erT hipostass warmoadgens, aramed imas, rom Ze RmrTisa 

zustad da srulyofilad imarxavs da icavs misi da mamis bunebis 

igiveobas; masTan sakuTriv bunebiT aRbeWdili msgavseba da 

misgan arafriT gansxvavebuli xati aqvs~. 

nikeis krebis mTavari warmomadgeneli marTlmadidebelTa 

mxridan aleqsandriis episkoposi aleqsandre iyo. didi avtoritetiT 

sargeblobda osios kordubielic. SeiZleba vifiqroT, 

rom am konservatiul partias episkoposTa meti nawili emxroboda. 

sawinaaRmdego TvisebebiT gamoirCeodnen krebis meore 

par tiis warmomadgenlebi _ ariozelebi. maTTvis ucxo iyo 

pirdapiri, guliTadi sarwmunoeba. maT surdaT sarwmunoebrivi 

saki Txebi sxva nebismier sakiTxTa msgavsad gonebrivi gansjis 

sa fu Zvelze daemyarebinaT da sarwmunoebis codnisaTvis daqvemdebarebisaken 

iswrafodnen; dialeqtikis Zalis sjerodaT da 

ewinaaRmdegebodnen imaT, romlebic dialeqtikas religiuri 

da majereblobis ubraloebas amjobinebdnen. wmida grigol 

RmrTismetyvelis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `datoves rwmena~, daiviwyes 

ra brZnuli kanoni, rom `Cveni gonebis Semavsebeli 

sa r wmunoebaa~. 

marTlmadidebelTa mowinaaRmdege partias, romelsac Sei- 

Zleba liberalur-racionalisturi ewodos, mravali mcodne 

RmrTismetyveli ekuTvnoda, magram maTi wridanve bunebrivad 

gamodiodnen aSkara eretikosebic, romelnic gonebasa da rwmenas 

Soris araviTar sazRvars ar debdnen. 

ariozelTa partiaSi ori dajgufeba arsebobda: erTi _ ufro 

mravalricxovani, romelic erTgulad icavda am eresisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebel principebs, da meore _ mkacri ariozelebi 

evsebi nikomedielis meTaurobiT, romlebic Ze RmrTisas qmnilebad 

acxadebdnen. yvela eseni, rogorc TviT ariozi, antioqieli 

xucesis lukianes mowafeebad iTvlebodnen. 

xsenebuli pirveli dajgufeba, romelic Semdeg naxevrad ar

8 I kreba 

nikea, 325 w. 

9 

iozelTa saxeliT gaxda cnobili da romelTac cnobili istorikosi 

evsebi kesarieli winamZRolobda, subordinaciis Teorias 

emxroboda, anu Ze RmrTisas RmerTad ki miiCnevda, magram mis 

RmrTeebriobas mama RmerTis RmrTeebriobis Tanasworad ar 

Tvlida. maTi TvalsazrisiT, igi mama RmerTTan damokidebulebaSi 

daqvemdebarebuli RmerTi iyo. 

pirveli msoflio krebis dogmaturi saqmianobis umniSvnelovanesi 

Sedegi sarwmunoebis simbolos 1 Sedgena iyo, 

romliTac mtkicdeboda Ze RmerTis WeSmariti _ RmrTeebrivi 

arsis sarwmunoeba. rogorc sokrate SeniSnavs: `sarwmunoebis 

simbolos gansazRvra advilad rodi moxda, aramed didi xnis 

gamoZiebisa da gamocdis Semdeg yvela im mizezis gaTvaliswinebiT 

gamocxadda, romelic ki dogmatis dasabuTebas Seexeboda, 

ise rom, vinmes orWofobisa da orazrovnad gagebis sababi 

ar miscemoda. episkoposebi suliwmidis nebiT SeTanxmdnen~. 

marTlac, krebaze yvela mosazrebis mqone episkoposebis 

gamosvla moismines. TviT saeklesio kamaTis warmoSobaSi 

upir veles damnaSaves, ariozsac ki mieca ufleba daesabuTebina 

Tavisi Sexedulebebi. magram ariozelTa mtkicebebi: `Ze RmrTisa 

_ qmnilebaa~, ìyo dro, roca Ze ar iyo~, `Ze cvalebadia arsiT~, 

_ maSinve iqna ugulvebelyofili, radgan safuZvels ver poulobda 

wm. werilSi. marTlmadidebelTa mxridan ki moxmobil 

iqna adgili ioanes saxarebidan: Ze mamisaganaa (1;14,18), romlis 

uaryofa aravis SeeZlo. ariozelebic mzad iyvnen mieRoT es 

gamoTqma, radgan masSi mwvaleblur azrs debdnen, kerZod ambobdnen, 

rom ramdenadac yvela qmnileba RmrTisganaa, rasac 

mociqulic gvidasturebs: erT-ars RmerTi mamaÁ, romlisagan ars 

yoveli (1 kor. 8,6), an: yovelive RmrTisa mier (2 kor. 5,18), Zec 

misgan iqneba. maSin mamebma azris ufro naTlad gamosaxatavad 

daasaxeles ioane maxareblis epistole (1 in.5,20). 

imis dasasabuTeblad, rom Ze ganuSoreblad mamasTanaa da 

masSia yovelTvis, mamebma kidev mravali gansazRvreba moiSvelies, 

magram mowinaaRmdegeni wm. werils sakuTar sofistur 

komentars miusadagebdnen xolme. mdgomareoba rTuldeboda. 

____________________ 

1 simbolo (berZ. `simbolon~ _ niSani) axaldamkvidrebuli terminia 

`mrwamsis~ aRsaniSnavad; Zveli gamoTqmiT àRsareba sarwmunoebisa~ 

ixmareba. 

am dros evsebi kesarielma warmoadgina Tavisi Sedgenili sarwmunoebis 

simbolo, romliTac moxerxebuli mecnieri ime dovnebda, 

rom masSi mamasa da Zes Soris bundovnad gansa z R v ruli 

damokidebuleba warmatebas povebda. magram marT lmad i debel 

episkoposTa SegonebiT imperatorma konstantine didma evsebis 

SesTavaza, Ze RmerTis mama RmerTTan damokidebulebis gansaz- 

RvrisaTvis, mxolod erTi sityva Seetana simboloSi: homousios 

(berZ. erTarsi). marTalia, es sityva wm. werilSi ar ixsenieba, 

magram igi wm. werilidan gamotanil azrs gamoxatavs da eklesiis 

gadmocemiTaa nakurTxi. kerZod, igi Zveli eklesiis iseT 

mnaTobTa TxzulebebSi gvxvdeba, rogorebic dionise aleqsandrieli 

da dionise romaeli iyvnen. 

krebam gadawyvita termini `homousios~ Seetana simboloSi. 

partiaTa mtroba miyuCda. ariozelma episkoposebma pirferobis 

gamo mxari imperators dauWires. kreba evsebis simboloSi 

mxolod erTi sityvis SetaniT ar dakmayofilebula. simbolo 

imdenad gadakeTda da naTlad ganimarta, rom pirvandeli 

saxidan TiTqmis aRaraferi darCa; ariozelebs orazrovani 

msjelobisaTvis sababi aRar dautoves. 

nikeis krebis simbolos, garda ori egvipteli episkoposisa, 

krebis yvela monawile daeTanxma da xelis moweriTac daadastura. 

magram rogorc Semdeg gairkva, bevri ariozeli xelmo 

mweri pirferi aRmoCnda da eklesiis erTobaSi seriozuli 

ga nxeTqilebebic Seitana. xelis mowera am orgul adamianebs 

ara fers avalebda, radgan mxolod miwieri miznebi amoZravebd 

aT _ rogorme saepiskoposo kaTedrebi ar daekargaT. maTi 

Se m dgomi saqmianoba nikeis mrwamsis sofisturi kritikiTa da 

mi si sawinaaRmdego simboloebis SeqmniT ganisaz R v reboda. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi `gonivruli~ msjelobebi mra val 

gamogonil simboloTa Soris arcerTs ar aZlevda saSualebas 

ariozelTaTvis sayovelTao gamxdariyo. 

nikeis krebis mrwamsi yvela eklesiam erTdroulad rodi 

aRiara. nikeis simbolos mimdevarTagan pirvel rigSi unda 

davasaxeloT aleqsandriis eklesia, romelic im droisaTvis 

avtoritetiT yvelaze maRla idga aRmosavleTis eklesiebs 

Soris da romelsac aleqsandre aleqsandrielis Semdeg misive 

aRzrdili, mgznebare damcveli nikeis aRmsareblobisa, aTanase

10 I kreba 

nikea, 325 w. 

11 

didi (+373) winamZRolobda, romlis Rvawlisa da damsaxurebis 

warmosaCenad wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelsac ki ar hyofnida 

sityvebi. igi SeniSnavs: `roca aTanase Cvens Soris cxovrobda, 

igi iyo sveti eklesiisa. misi swavleba eklesiisTvis kanoni 

gaxda. misi dogmatebi maTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisTvis 

kanonebad iqcnen~. wmida basili didic ar iSu r ebs saqebar sityvebs, 

roca wmida aTanase didze saubrobs. ba sili pirdapir 

acxadebda, rom mTel eklesiaze zrunvis yvela ufleba mxolod 

da mxolod aTanases unda ekuTvnodeso, radganac igi da mxolod 

igi iyo WeSmariti `mkurnali ekle siis sneulebebisa~. basilis 

TqmiT, aTanasem `gadaarCina eklesia iseTi saSineli avdrisagan~, 

rogoric ariozeloba iyo. 

aleqsandriis eklesias nikeis simbolos erTgulebaSi ierusalimis 

anu palestinis eklesiac gverdiT amoudga. ierusalimis 

episkoposi maqsime aTanases mxareze idga. 

nikeis simbolo romis eklesiamac aRiara. papi iuliusi (337- 

352 ww.), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aTanases marjvena xeli iyo. da 

kidev, qveynad, romelic nikeis simbolos zustad icavda, SeiZleba 

iliriki (makedonia, aqaia, dakia) davasaxeloT.rasac basili 

didi da saeklesio istorikosi sokratec amowmeben. aq nikeis 

dogmatebis dasacavad krebebic ki imarTeboda. 

Cven CamovTvaleT is qveynebi, romelTac meoTxe saukuneSi 

ariozobis batonobis dros nikeis simbolos siwminde SeinarCunes. 

rac Seexeba danarCen aRmosavleTs, ZiriTadad upiratesoba 

ariozelTa mxareze iyo. siriaSi, pontosa da TrakiaSi mxolod 

calkeuli pirebi gvxvdeba, romlebic WeSmarit sarwmunoebas 

icavdnen. aseTebi iyvnen didebuli kapadokielebi: basili didi, 

grigol RmrTismetyveli da grigol noseli, romelTac mTeli 

TavianTi sicocxle ariozobasTan brZolas Sealies. erTi mxriv, 

am ganmanaTleblebis mier nikeis swavlebis aRiareba gamowveulia 

imiT, rom isini aleqsandriuli saRmrTismetyvelo skolis 

principebze iyvnen aRzrdilebi da didad afasebdnen aTanase 

dids. basili didis damokidebulebaze aTanase aleqsandrielis 

mimarT ukve vTqviT, xolo rac Seexeba aTanases, igi Tavis mxriv, 

basili dids èklesiis siqa duls~ uwodebda da yvelas mouxmobda 

ùflis sadideblad, romelmac kapadokias iseTi episkoposi 

misca, romelic mTel qveyanas enatreba~. basili didis 

mdgomareoba, iseve rogorc pontoSi marTlmadideblobis sxva 

damcvelebisa, didad gansxvavdeboda aleqsandriasa da romSi 

moRvawe nikeis simbolos mimdevrebisagan. mravalricxovan ariozelTa 

Soris basili Tavs martod grZnobda da mtrebisagan 

aTasgvar ciliswamebasa da Seuracxyofas itanda. 

axla vnaxoT, sad moqmedebdnen nikeis mrwamsis winaaRmdeg 

ariozelebi. ariozoba SedarebiT siriaSi, Trakiasa da pontoSi 

batonobda; misi centri ki siriis antioqia iyo. ariozuli dogmatebi 

saTaves aqedan iRebdnen; aqedan daiwyo mtroba aTanase 

didisadmi; antioqiidan vrceldeboda ciliswamebebi eklesiis 

did maswavlebelze _ basilize. 

aqaur maswavleblebs TiTqos hqondaT survili keTilad 

ganmsjeli RmrTismetyvelebi yofiliyvnen, magram amave dros 

racionalistobdnen da icavdnen princips: rac adamianur azrovnebas 

aRemateba, mocilebuli da ugulebelyofili unda 

iqnes. antioqiis skola mZafrad upirispirdeboda aleqsandris 

skolas da ariozobis mimarT keTilganwyobili iyo, radgan maT 

saerTo principebi hqondaT. ariozobis momxred unda dasaxeldes 

konstantinepolic, saidanac mwvalebloba mezobel qveynebSi 

vrceldeboda. ariozelebi aq ise warmatebiT moqmedebdnen, rom 

grigol RmrTismetyvelis Camosvlis dros (daax. 379 w.) marTlmadideblebs 

erTi taZaric ki ar ekuTvnodaT. qalaqi herakleac, 

Zveli metropolia Trakiisa, konstantinepols exmareboda ariozobisTvis 

sasargeblo saqmianobaSi. 

nikeis simbolos mimdevrebisa da mowinaaRmdegeebis geog rafiuli 

TvalsazrisiT danawileba saSualebas iZleva da vaskvnaT, 

rom aRmosavleTis eklesiis samxreTi eparqiebi met wilad 

aleqsandriis gavlenis qveS imyofebodnen, xolo CrdiloeTis 

eparqiebi _ antioqiisa. aqedan gamomdinare, nikeis mi ma rTulebis 

saRmrTismetyvelo azrs SeiZleba aleqsandriuli vuwodoT, 

xolo antinikeurs _ antioqiuri.

12 II kreba 

konstantinepoli, 381 w. 

13 

meore msoflio saeklesio kreba 

(konstantinepoli, 381 w.) 

mrwams erTi RmerTi, mamaÁ yovlisa mpyrobeli, Semoqmedi 

caTa da queyanisaÁ, xilulTa yovelTa da araxilulTaÁ, 

da erTi ufali ieso qriste, Ze RmrTisaÁ mxolod- 

Sobili, mamisagan Sobili uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa, 

naTeli naTlisagan, RmerTi WeSmariti RmrTisagan WeSmaritisa, 

Sobili da ara qmnuli, erTarsi mamisaÁ, romlisa 

mier yovelive Seiqmna, 

romeli CuenTÂs, kacTaTÂs, da Cuenisa cxorebisaTÂs 

gardamoÃda zeciT da xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidisa 

da mariamisagan qalwulisa da gankacna, 

da juars ecua CuenTÂs pontoelisa pilates ze da 

iv no da daefla, 

da aRdga mesamesa dResa msgavsad werilisa, 

da amaRlda zecad da dajda marjueniT mamisa, 

da kualad movals didebiT gansjad cxovelTa da 

mkudarTa, romlisa sufevisaÁ ara ars dasasrul, 

da suli wmidaÁ, ufali da cxovelsmyofeli, romeli 

mamisagan gamovals, mamisa Tana da Zisa Tana Tayuanisicemebis 

da ididebis, romeli ityoda wi nawarme t yuelTa 

mier, 

da erTi wmidaÁ kaTolike da samociquloÁ eklesiaÁ. 

aRviareb erTsa naTlisRebasa mosatevebelad codvaTa, 

moveli aRdgomasa mkudreTiT 

da cxorebasa mermisa saukunoÁsa, amin 2 . 

es marTlmadidebelTa rwmenaa. 

qalkedonis krebis mamebi. 

konstantinepolSi Catarebuli meore msoflio krebis saqm 

i anobis Sesaswavlad gamoiyeneba mexuTe saukunis saekles io 

2wm. eqvTime mTawmidelis redaqcia//mcire sjuliskanoni, gamc. e. giunaSvili, 

Tb., 1972. gv. 18-19. 

istorikosebis cnobebi da grigol RmrTismetyvelis Txzulebebi, 

romelic am krebas piradad eswreboda. 

erTaderTi dokumenti, romelSic dogmaturi sakiTxebis 

gan xilvis Sedegia daculi, nikea-konstantinepolis simbolos 

saxeliTaa cnobili da nikeis simbolos safuZvelzea Sedgenili. 

gavakeToT misi analizi, amosaval wertilad nikeis simbolo 

miviCnioT da mas nikea-konstantinepolis mrwamsi SevadaroT. 

dasawyisSi, mama RmerTis Sesaxeb swavlebis gadmocemisas, 

konstantinepolis simboloSi damatebulia sityvebi: caTa da 

qveyanisa. krebis monawile mamebs am dogmatisaTvis araviTari 

arsebiTi ganmarteba ar miuciaT, radgan mama RmerTis Sesaxeb 

eklesiaSi ar kamaTobdnen. 

konstantinepolis simboloSi swavleba Ze RmerTis Sesaxeb 

ufro srulyofilia: a) nikeis simbolodan amoRebulia 

sit yvebi: RmerTi RmrTisagan, romelic zedmetia, radgan aqvea 

ga nmartebuli: RmerTi WeSmariti RmrTisagan WeSmaritisa. b) 

ag reTve amoRebulia caSi da qveyanaze. es sityvebic zedmetia, 

ramdenadac igi mosdevs gamoTqmas: romlisa mier (Zisa mier) 

yovelive Seiqmna, _ sadac yvelaferi ukve naTladaa ganmartebuli. 

g) ni keis simbolos sityvebi mamis arsebisagan Secvlilia 

amgvarad: mamisagan Sobili uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa. 

es bolo sityvebi gamoricxaven Ze RmerTis Sobis moments 

droSi. konstantinepolel mamebTan myofoba Zisa da misi Soba 

dausabamo (winasaukuno) aqts warmoadgens. maT mxolod nikeis 

simbolos arc Tu ise mkafio ena Seaswores. 

konstantinepolis simboloSi swavleba ieso qristes, ro gorc 

RmerTkacis Sesaxeb asea Sesworebuli da Sevsebuli (meore 

krebaze Camatebuli sityvebi xazgasmulia): `romeli Cve nTvis, 

kacTaTvis da Cuenisa cxovrebisaTvis gardamoxda zeciT da 

xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidisa da mariamisagan qalwulisa 

da gankacna, da jvars ecva CvenTvis pontoelisa pilates ze da 

ivno da daefla, da aRdga mesamesa dResa msgavsad werilisa, da 

amaRlda zecad da dajda marjveniT mamisa, da kvalad movals 

didebiT gansjad cxovelTa da mkvdarTa, romlisa sufevisa 

ara ars dasasrul~. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba isaa, rom konstantinepolis 

mamebis mizani iyo, simboloSi rac SeiZleba naTlad 

yofiliyo gamoxatuli RmerTkacis xorcieli buneba. simboloSi

14 II kreba 


15 

markelisa da apolinaris mwvalebluri swavlebis sawinaaRmdegod 

gaqarwylebulia eWvi da garkveviT aris naCvenebi qristes 

ara moCvenebiTi, aramed realuri adamianuri buneba. 

nikeis simboloSi wmida samebis mesame hipostasis Sesaxeb ubralod 

SeniSnuli iyo: (mrwams) suli wmida. konstantinepolis 

simboloSi ki vkiTxulobT: da suli wmida, ufali da cxovelsmyofeli, 

romeli mamisagan gamovals, mamisa Tana da Zisa Tana 

Tayvanis-icemebis da ididebis, romeli ityoda wina warmetyvelTa 

mier. mTeli es swavleba ukve gvxvdeba nikeis krebis momdevno 

epoqis mamebTan (basili didi, grigol RmrTisme tyveli, aTanase 

didi, grigol noseli), xolo Semdeg simboloSi SetaniTac iqna 

uwyebuli, radgan wm. samebis mesame hipostasis araswori warmodgena 

xSiri iyo; gansakuTrebiT markelTan, romelic suliwmidis 

hipostasur myofobas uaryofda. 

rac Seexeba aleqsandriuli da antioqiuri saRmrTismetyvelo 

skolebis damokidebulebas, am droisaTvis maTi dogmatika 

erTmaneTisgan arsebiTad arafriT gansxvavdeboda. eklesiis 

zemoT xsenebuli mnaTobebi antioqielebisTvis iseTive WeSmaritebis 

mqadageblebad iqcnen, rogorc aleqsandrielebisTvis. 

swored am mamebis swavleba daedo safuZvlad konstantinepolis 

simbolos gansazRvrebas. xolo TviT simbolosaTvis ufro 

srulyofili saxis micema antioqiuri mimarTulebis warmomadgenelTa 

gavlenis Sedegi unda iyos, radgan wmida aTanase 

aleqsandrielis azrs Tu gavixsenebT, igi nikeis simbolos yvela 

droisaTvis ucvlelad da sruliad sakma risad miiCnevda. gamonaklisi 

mxolod basili didia, romelic gamoTqvamda survils, 

nikeis simbolos darTvoda `suliwmidis didebismetyveleba 

(doqsologia)~ im mizeziT, rom nikeis mamebma samebis am wevris 

Sesaxeb mokled gamoTqves, radgan im droisaTvis es sakiTxi 

jer kidev ar iyo wamoWrili. 

krebaze makedoniosis mimdevrebic moiwvies (romelTa 

swavlebiTac `Ze RmrTisa msgavsia mamisa~, `suliwmida qmnilebaa~), 

radgan mamebi maTi meryeobis gamo imedovnebdnen, rom 

WeSmaritebaSi gaarkvevdnen da isev SemouerTebdnen eklesias. 

imedi ar gamarTlda, makedonioselebi yvelaferSi eTanxmebodnen 

mamebis moTxovnebs, garda imisa, rom ar iRebdnen sityvas: 

erTarsi. aqve aRvniSnavT, gavrcelebuli azri imis Sesaxeb, 

rom meore msoflio kreba makedonianosTa winaaRmdeg iyo 

mowveuli, yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli. Zveli eklesiis 

istorikosebi garkveviT adastureben, rom imperatori Teodosi 

pirvelis mier kreba mowveul iqna nikeis swavlebis dasamtkiceblad 

da saerTod eresebis winaaRmdeg; makedonioselTa 

sakiTxi ki meorexarisxovani iyo. 

marTalia, krebis mcdeloba makedonioselebis SemosaerTeblad 

unayofo gamodga, magram saeklesio istorikosebTan 

vxvdebiT sasixarulo cnobebsac _ meore msoflio saeklesio 

krebis keTilismyofeli gavlenis Sedegad xSirad ariozelebis 

mTeli Temebi marTlmadideblobaze gadadiodnen. 

krebas xelmZRvanelobda meleti antioqieli. krebis msvlelobis 

dReebSi misi moulodneli gardacvalebis Semdeg, 

krebis monawileTa Sexedulebebis dapirispirebam iCina Tavi. 

azrTa morigeba grigol RmrTismetyvelma, axlad dadgenilma 

konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposma iTava, magram misma mcdelobam 

nayofi ver gamoiRo da sakuTari gadawyvetilebiT krebac 

datova da kaTedrac. mis adgilze dedaqalaqis episkop o sad 

neqtariosi, tarseli senatori iqna xeldasxmuli. 

konstantinepolis krebis sarwmunoebis gansazRvreba sakmaod 

xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi xvdeboda opozicias romisa 

da aleqsandriis eklesiebis mxridan. aleqsandriis eklesiaSi 

mexuTe saukunis naxevramde ase grZeldeboda, sanam bolos da 

bolos aqac ar aRiares konstantinepolis simbolos avtoriteti, 

magram ara ubrZolvelad da ara erTsulovnad. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom konstantinepolis simbolo ar aR iares da ar miiRes 

swored im eklesiebma, romlebic Tavidanve eWviTa da undoblobiT, 

Tavis droze safuZvlianad, xolo Semdeg yovelgvari 

safuZvlis gareSe, epyrobodnen antioqiis RmrTismetyvelur 

wreebs. ariozobis molandeba jer kidev aSinebda am eklesiebs, 

maSin roca, sinamdvileSi ariozobam aRmosavleTSi mxolod 

gadmocemis saxeRa SeinarCuna.

16 III kreba 

efeso, 431 w. 

17 

mesame msoflio saeklesio kreba 

(efeso, 431 w.) 

rogorc aRvniSneT, ariozelebi wmida werilis moSveliebiT 

akeTebdnen daskvnebs, rom Ze RmrTisa mama RmerTze dabla 

idga, mas eqvemdebareboda da a. S. isini mociqulebisa da Tavad 

macxovris im zogierT gamonaTqvams eyrdnobodnen, romelnic 

ieso qristes TiTqosda dakninebulad warmogvidgendnen. 

marTlmadideblebi ki ganmartavdnen, rom msgavsi gamoTqmebi 

mxolod macxovris kacobriv bunebas miekuTvneba. amis sawinaaRmdegod 

dasmul kiTxvaze: moqmedebda Tu ara qristeSi 

ori arseba da ori ganyofili neba, _ ra Tqma unda, SeiZleboda 

pasuxis gacema, rom ieso qristeSi ori buneba ganuyofelia da 

erTobaSi imyofeba, magram amas mosdevda nestoris mimdevarTa 

sapirispiros damamtkicebeli msjelobani, romelTagan warmoqmnilma 

eresma eklesia isev or nawilad gayo: marTlmadideblobas 

emxroboda yvela is qveyana da eklesia, sadac meoTxe 

saukuneSi cxovrobdnen da moqmedebdnen nikeis krebis Tanamdgomebi; 

xolo nestorianobas mtkiced icavdnen isini, romlebic 

meoTxe saukuneSi ariozobis sasargeblod ibrZodnen. rogorc 

ariozobis dros, ise axlac aleqsandriis eklesiis gavleniT, 

romis eklesiam swori mimarTuleba airCia. aleqsandriis 

mTavarepiskoposma wm. kirilem Ta na dgoma sTxova romis paps 

da sasurvel Sedegsac miaRwia. pa pic da mTeli dasavleTis 

eklesiac kiriles miemxro. 

nestorianoba ariozobis uSualo memkvidre iyo; amaze is 

faqtic metyvelebs, rom ariozobis damcvelma eklesiebma xalisiT 

miiRes nestorisa da misi mimdevrebis mwvalebluri swavleba. 

rogorc viciT, ariozobis mZlavr centrs siriis antioqia 

warmoadgenda. igive ganmeorda nestorianobis drosac. nestorianuli 

moZraobis yvela winamZRoli antioqiidan gamovida. 

am faqtTan dakavSirebiT sxva magaliTebis moyvanac SeiZleba, 

saidanac vaskvniT, rom ariozobis mizeziT dawyebuli eklesiis 

ganxeTqileba am cru swavlebis damarcxebis Semdeg ki ar 

Cakvda, aramed SeiniRba. gavida mTeli saukune, magram igi mainc 

cocxlobda. roca dogmatur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT kamaTi 

gaimarTa, garemoebam gviCvena, rom Zveli Wrilobebi sruliadac 

ar moSuSebuliyo. eklesiebSi sxvadasxva simpaTiebi da anti- 

paTiebi batonobdnen, rac TviT yovlis Semmusvrelma dromac 

ver aRmofxvra. 

vnaxoT, rogor arkvevdnen mxareebi rwmenis damokidebulebis 

sakiTxs gonebasTan, da mecnierebisa dogmatTan, radgan 

yovelive es dogmatur sakiTxebTan Cvens damokidebulebasac 

gansazRvravs. marTlmadideblebi aTanase didis, basili didi sa 

da grigol RmrTismetyvelis principebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen; 

saxeldobr, goneba rwmenas unda eqvemdebarebodes, sarwmunoebrivi 

sakiTxebis gamorkvevisas gonebas zRvari unda da e dos, 

radganac rwmena gonebaze maRla dgas. nestoris mimde vrebi 

ki, es mexuTe saukunis ariozelebi, piriqiT moiTxovdnen, rom 

gonebas ufro Tavisufali damokidebuleba hqonoda rwmenasTan, 

dogmatis SinaarsTan. isini cdilobdnen, rogorme SeeRwiaT 

rwmenis saidumloebaSi, romelic adamianuri azriT ganWvretisaTvis 

dafarulia. eklesiaSi xelaxla warmoSobili SfoTis 

mizezma, konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposma nestorma, krebaze 

sarwmunoebis simbolos axleburi gadmocema moiTxova. igi 

adrindel saeklesio mwerlebs kritikulad da undoblobiT 

ekideboda da upiratesobas mxolod Tavis Tavs aniWebda, xolo 

misi megobari ioane antioqieli efesos krebis amocanad dogmatebis 

gamokvlevas miiCnevda. 

nestoris RmrTismetyveluri Sexedulebani SeiZleba ase 

Camoyalibdes: qristem damdableba ganicada, iSva, izrdeboda, 

TandaTan sibrZniT waremateboda, ivno da mokvda, magram is 

RmerTkaci iyo. rogor daiTmina man es yvelaferi _ RmrTeebriobiT 

Tu adamianurobiT _ ra Tqma unda, kacobrivi bunebiT. 

maSasadame, askvnis nestori, qristes ori buneba ganyofili 

iyo. Semdeg: qristes Soba qalwulisagan adamianuri iyo da 

ara RmrTeebrivi. Ze RmrTisas, romelic dausabamod Sobilia 

mamisagan, ar SeeZlo isev dabadebuliyo droSi, iSva mxolod 

adamiani, romelic Ze RmerTs daukavSirda, magram es kavSiri 

iesos Casaxvisas daiwyo. ase rom, mucelqmnuleba ganvrcobili 

adamian-qristeze, Ze RmrTisaze ar ganivrcoboda, radganac 

RmrTeebrivi da kacobrivi buneba ar aris SeerTebuli (anu 

ganyofilia). aqedan gamomdinare, nestori uaryofda wodebas: 

RmrTismSobeli, ramdenadac misgan iSva ara TviT RmerTi, 

aramed samoseli (indumentum), romelsac unda Seemosa Ze RmerTi,

18 III kreba 

efeso, 431 w. 

19 

_ anu igive taZari (templum), romelSic Ze RmrTisa unda damkvidrebuliyo. 

nestori yovladwmida RmrTismSobels qristesmSobels 

uwodebda, radganac man Sva adamiani _ qriste. RmerTkacis 

amqveyniuri cxovrebis sxva faqtebsac igi amave TvalsazrisiT 

ganixilavda. 

vnaxoT, raSi vlindeba am mwvaleblobis mTavari arsi: Tuki 

qriste damdablda da kacobrivi bunebiT evno, RmrTeebriobis 

yovelgvari monawileobis gareSe, maSin codvis gamosyidvis 

rwmena Seiryeva. damdablda da evno mxolod adamiani, Tundac 

umaRlesi Rirsebisa, magram mainc adamiani, romelic RmrTeebriv 

simarTles ver daakmayofilebda. Tu es asea, maSin Ze RmerTis 

TviT gardamosvlac am qveynad zedmeti aRmoCndeba. 

nestori iqamdec mivida, rom ganacxada: qriste Tavisi TavisTvisac 

ewama, radgan rogorc yvela adamians, gamoxsna masac 

sWirdeboda, ramdenadac kacobrivi bunebac hqonda da masSi adamiani 

RmerTTan iyo SeerTebulio. aqedan cxadia, rom ne stori 

qristes ucodvelobas ar aRiarebda. es iyo azri, romelsac 

SeeZlo WeSmariti morwmunis gulSi saSineleba Caenerga. 

nestoris msjelobidan gamodioda, rom roca maxareblebi 

da mociqulebi ieso qristes Sesaxeb laparakobdnen, ara erT, 

aramed or pirs aRwerdnen. marTalia, igi amas pirdapir ar 

ambobda, magram misi msjeloba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT bundovanebiTaa 

moculi. 

nestoris egzegetikur Sexedulebebs antioqiuri mecnierebis 

warmomadgeneli Teodoritec iziarebda, magram igi ukiduresobas 

gaurboda; Rebulobda da xmarobda gamoTqmas: RmrTismSobeli. 

is uSvebda azrs qristes kacobrivi bunebis ganRmrTobis 

Sesaxeb da imasac, rom RmerTi adamianSi ganxorcielda. nestorianul 

doqtrinebs kidev ufro Serbilebuli xasiaTi hqondaT 

antioqiis episkoposis ioanesa da masTan daaxloebuli episkoposebis 

swavlebaSi. zogi sirieli mRvd e lmTavari winaaRmdegobaSi 

vardeboda, radganac kiriles swavlebas sworad 

ver igebda. miuxedavad amisa, zogjer maTTanac vxvdebiT swor 

swavlebas qristeSi ori bunebis SeerTebis Sesaxeb: `SeerTebis 

Semdeg Zeoba erTia rogorc erTi, ise meore bunebisaTvis 

(qristeSi), radgan isini erTmaneTisgan ganuyofelni arian. 

SeerTebis Semdeg ganyofa aRar momxdara, radganac SeerTeba 

maradiulia. xorciT vnebis drosac ki RmrTeeba calke ar yofila. 

igi uvnebeli darCa da wameba RmrTisSesaferi sxeuliT 

aRasrula. amitom vaRiarebT erTsa da imave Zes, Tumca misi ori 

buneba Seurwymeli rCeba; vs a ubrobT ara erTi da meore Zis 

Sesaxeb, aramed erTsa da imaveze~. es episkoposebi ambobdnen, 

rom `qristem Tavisi sxeuli mama RmerTis winaSe msxverplad 

ara Tavisi TavisTvis, aramed mxolod da mxolod CvenTvis 

miitana~. igive antioqieli episkoposebi iyenebdnen formulas, 

romelic mogvian ebiT marTlmadidebluri swavlebis WeSmarit 

gamoxatulebad iqna miCneuli, saxeldobr imas, rom qristeSi 

ori buneba `Seurwymelad da ganuyoflad~ aris SeerTebuli. 

axla ki nestorianebTan kamaTis dros marTlmadidebelTa 

mTavari winamZRolis, wm. kiriles Sexedulebebsac gavecnoT: 

Ze RmrTisa upiratesad imisTvis gankacda, rom uSualo monawileoba 

mieRo adamianis moqmedebaSi, romelsac ise Se uerTda, 

rom ukve ori arseba ki ar iyo, aramed erTi, am sity vis sruli 

mniSvnelobiT; marTalia, gankacebul sityvas ori arseba anu 

ori buneba gaaCnia, magram aseTi saxis gansazRvrebani wmida mamis 

TxzulebebSi gvxvdeba, radgan mis mier Sinaarsobrivad uciloblad 

gadmocemuli WeSmaritebani Semd gomSi ganmtkicebul 

terminologiur definiciebs yovelTvis ar iTvaliswinebs. wm. 

kirilesTan terminebis _ bunebisa (fuvsi~) da piris (upovstasi~) 

_ zusti mniSvnelobani myarad dadgenili ar iyo da, Cveulebriv, 

erTi da imave azris gamosaxatavad ixmareboda. magaliTad: 

èrTsa vityÂT Zesa, da viTarca mamaTa Tqves, erTsa bunebasa 

sityÂsasa ganÃorcielebulsa~ 3 ; roca wm. kirile gankacebul 

sityvas erT bunebad moixseniebs, erT pirs gulisxmobs; imis 

naTelsayofad, Tu rogor aris ieso qristeSi kacobrivi da 

RmrTeebrivi bunebani SeerTebuli, kiriles Sedareba mohyavs: 

adamianSi sxeuli da suli sxvadasxva saxisaa, magram isini erT 

adamians Seadgenen, _ igive damokidebulebaa RmerTkacis bunebaTa 

Sorisac: èrTi gÂCuena Cuen bunebaÁ ZisaÁ, garna viTarca 

vTqu ganÃorcielebuli, rameTu ara mxolod bunebiT martivTaganisa 

zeda oden WeSmaritebiT iTqumis erTi, aramed urTierTas 

TandadebiT SemokrebulTaca zeda, viTar-igi ars kaci sulisagan 

3antinestorianuli traqtatebi arseni vaCes Zis `dogmatikonSi~, gamc. a. 

CantlaZe, Tb., 1997. gv. 82.

20 III kreba 

IV krebis wina movlenebi 

21 

da ÃorcTa, rameTu sxuasaxe eseni da ara urTierTas Tanaars 

arian, xolo SeerTebiTa urTierTas, erTi bunebaÁ kacisaÁ Seasrules~ 

(iqve, gv. 89); ieso qristes amqveyniuri cxov rebis yvela 

faqti, romelsac ki RmerTkaci aRasrulebda, ara mxolod mis 

RmrTeebriobas unda mieweros da arc mxolod adamianurobas, 

aramed orive bunebas maTi harmoniuli Ser TviT, radgan ieso 

qriste Sobilia uwinares saukuneTa, misi Soba wm. qalwulisagan 

ise ki ar unda gavigoT, rom Ze RmrTisa meored iSva, aramed rom 

igi adamianur bunebas SeuerTda. yo v lad wmidam Sva RmerTi, romelic 

xorcTan SeerTebis Semdegac erT hipostass warmoadgens; 

Ze RmrTisa Tumca sakuTari bunebiT uvnebelia, magram CvenTvis 

xorciT evno da uvneblad SeiTvisa tanjva sakuTari sxeulisa. 

wm. kiriles msjeloba Rrma rwmenazea dafuZnebuli, radganac 

sarwmunoeba gonebrivi codnis sakuTrebad verasodes iq ceva. 

kiriles msjeloba qristianis religiur grZnobas akmayofilebs 

da amaSia misi maRali Rirseba da ganuzomeli up iratesoba 

nestoris racionalur azrebTan SedarebiT. dogmati RmrTis 

pirTa samobis Sesaxeb miuwvdomeli darCa aTanase didis, 

basili didisa da grigol RmrTismetyvelis mravalmxrivi 

ganmartebebis Semdegac; igive SeiZleba iTqvas Ze RmerTis 

ganxorcielebis dogmatis Sesaxebac: kiriles mier safuZvliani 

axsnis Semdegac igi isev dafarulad rCeba. rwmena TavisTavad 

gamoricxavs gansjis gziT wvdomas. 

ori eklesiuri partiis dogmatur sakiTxebSi SeuTanxmeblobam 

saeklesio da samoqalaqo xelisufalni waaqeza efesoSi 

moewviaT axali msoflio kreba, sadac rogorc kiriles, 

ise nestoris momxre episkoposebi moiwvies, magram Sekrebilma 

episkoposebma erTi saerTo kreba ver Seadgines da sakuTari 

saRmrTismetyvelo Sexedulebebis mixedviT or nawilad gaiy 

vnen. kiriles momxre mravalricxovanma episkopatma calke 

kreba moawyo, _ swored es aris efesos msoflio kreba. maT 

sawinaaRmdegod ki, nestorma da misma Tanamoazreebma ioane 

antioqielis TavmjdomareobiT gandgomilTa kreba gamarTes. 

kiriles mxares dajgufdnen aleqsandriis, egviptis, romis, 

ierusalimis, palestinis, ilirikisa da efesos episkoposebi, 

sawinaaRmdego mxares ki _ antioqiis olqis, mcire aziisa da 

Trakiis episkoposebi. 

efesoSi mamebs raime dogmaturi gansazRvreba ar miuRiaT. 

msoflio krebam gandgomilTa krebis yvela monawiles 

xarisxi CamoarTva. 

meoTxe msoflio saeklesio krebis win 

qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio krebis dogmatur-istoriuli 

sakiTxebis ukeT gansaxilvelad saWiroeba moiTxovs, pirvel 

rigSi aRvweroT masTan principulad dakavSirebuli movlenebi, 

kerZod marTlmadidebelTa unia, konstantinepolis adgilobrivi 

da avazakTa krebebi. 

efesos krebis orad gayofam eklesias simSvide ver moutana. 

samagierod, aleqsandriisa da antioqiis RmrTismetyvelebi 

mexuTe saukunis ocdaaTian wlebSi miRweulma uniam daazava. 

igi, rogorc efesos krebis damasrulebeli aqti, ise SeiZleba 

warmovidginoT. unia, rogorc sityva gviCvenebs, aleqsandriuli 

da antioqiuri doqtrinebis SeerTebas niSnavs: antioqiurisa im 

TvalsazrisiT, rom misi warmomadgenlebis, ioane antioqielisa 

da netari Teodorites Txzulebebidan nestorianuli Sexedulebebi 

mTlianad amoiRes. uniis dokumentebis aRiareba yvelasTvis 

aucilebeli iyo, visac ki marTlmadidebeli morwmunis saxelis 

tareba surda. unia erTbaSad ar aRsrulebula, magram ukve 433 

wlidan igi SeiZleba eklesiis sakuTrebad miviCnioT, risi iniciatoric 

imperatori Teodosi umcrosi iyo. uniis safuZveli 

Seiqna im sarwmunoebis aRiareba, romelic ioane antioqielma 

kirile aleqsandriels warudgina. masSi, marTalia, antioqiuri 

RmrTisme tyvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamoTqmebi gvxvdeba, 

magram amave dros aleqsandriuli mecnierebis terminologiaca 

da Sexedulebebicaa gaTvaliswinebuli; agreTve erTvis 

gancxadeba, romelSic ioanesa da sxva sirieli episkoposebis 

mier nestori da misi swavleba SeCvenebulia. 

ioanesa da misi Tanamoazre episkoposebis mier sarwmunoebis 

aRiareba kirilem didi sixaruliT miiRo da sruliad marTlmadideblurad 

miiCnia. amis Semdeg, yofil mowinaaRmdegeebTan 

ufro mWidro urTierTobis dasamyareblad, TviT kirilec 

aRar gaurboda im formulebs, romlebic mxolod antioqiur

22 IV krebis 

wina movlenebi 

23 

saRmrTismetyvelo enas Seefereboda. yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis 

igi mxolod im formulebs aridebda Tavs, romliTac antioqielebi 

cdundebodnen. 

eklesiis SfoTi nel-nela Cawynarda. unias antioqiis garda 

finikiis, kilikiis, arabeTis, mesopotamiisa da sxva eklesiebic 

SeuerTdnen. magram uniis praqtikulad ganxorcielebas, rasakvirvelia, 

eklesiaSi winaaRmdegobis gareSe ar Cauvlia. uniis 

aSkara mtrebi antioqiuri RmrTismetyvelebis mimarT u lebis 

is episkoposebi iyvnen, romlebic kirilesTan daaxloebas da 

misi swavlebis gaziarebas mtrebis winaSe daTmob ad miiCnevdnen. 

iyvnen sxva saxis mowinaaRmdegeebic, kerZod, nestorianebi, 

romlebic unias pirferulad Seekedlnen da ac xadebdnen, rom 

TiTqos kirile maT mxareze gadavida. da mainc yvela am mterze 

saSiSni isini iyvnen, romlebic viTomda kiriles pativismcemel- 

Ta ricxvs ekuTvnodnen, sinamdvileSi ki Ta vianT ganmanaTlebels 

eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen im mizeziT, rom kirilem urTier- 

Toba daamyara ioanesTan da am sa q cielSi marTlmadidebluri 

rwmenis Ralats xedavdnen. eseni mo nofizitebis winamorbedebi 

arian, romelnic kiriles wi naaRmdeg imisaTvis drtvinavdnen, 

rom igi qristes ori bunebis Sesaxeb aswavlida. es swavleba 

antioqiur sacdurad da er esad miaCndaT. 

kiriles mravali mcdelobis miuxedavad am Seupovar eretikosebs 

araferi eSvelaT. tyuilad ar iTvleba aqsiomad: 

yvelaze saSiSni da daundobelni gadamterebuli megobrebi 

arian. es rwmenis mimbaZvelebi TavianTma ugunurebam Tu sad 

miiyvana, amas SemdegSi gavecnobiT. im gaugebrobisa da uTanxmoebis 

gamo, romelic jer kidev sufevda, kirile ise gardaicvala, 

rom eklesiis momavali cxovrebis simSvideSi darwmunebuli 

ar yofila. 

uniisadmi pirdapiri da mtkice mxardaWeris mizniT 448 wels 

konstantinepolSi adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba Catarda. uniis 

mtrebi konstantinepolis krebis mtrebadac iqcnen. am krebis 

ganCineba mimarTulia im ukiduresi aleqsandrielebisadmi, romlebmac 

unia ar miiRes da ar aRiares. uniis damcvelebis es kreba 

uniis aleqsandriel mtrebTan pirveli pirdapiri Sexvedra 

iyo. rac ufro meti damcveli uCndeboda unias, aleqsandriuli 

doqtrinebis ugulisxmo mimdevrebi miT ufro borotdebod- 

nen. kiriles gardacvalebis Semdeg (444 w.) isinic daufaravad 

amoqmeddnen, vinc aqamde misi avtoritetis zegavleniT TavSekavebulad 

iqceoda. uniis aleqsandrieli mtrebi arsebiTad 

igive monofizitebi arian. konstantinepolis krebas cnobili 

konstantinepoleli arqimandritis, evtiqis saxiT swored isini 

daupirispirdnen. igi dedaqalaqis erT-erTi monastris beri 

iyo. evtiqi mesame msoflio krebis dros kiriles sasargeblod 

da nestoris winaaRmdeg energiulad moqmedebda. Tavisi 

RmrTismetyveluri SexedulebebiT igi tipuri warmomadgeneli 

iyo aleqsandriuli mimarTulebisa, magram Seryeuli marT lmadideblobiT. 

igi kiriles mier uniis drosa da uniis Semdeg 

daweril Txzulebebs ar aRiarebda. evtiqi, iseve rogorc saer- 

Tod ukiduresi ale qsandrielebi, pativis Rirsad kiriles saqmianobis 

mxolod na wils miiCnevda da mis swavlebas cal mxrivad 

warmoadgenda. evtiqi pirdapir acxadebda, rom TiTqos kiriles 

TxzulebebSi ori bunebis Sesaxeb swavleba ar arsebobda, riTac 

TavisTavad uniaturi dokumentebis ignorirebas axdenda. 

evtiqis monofizituri swavleba ase formulirdeba: `RmrTis 

sityvis ganxorcielebis Semdeg me Tayvans vcem erT bu nebas, 

ganxorcielebuli da gankacebuli RmerTis bunebas~, an: `vaRiareb, 

rom ufali Cveni SeerTebamde ori bunebisagan Sedgeba, 

SeerTebis Semdeg ki erT bunebas vaRiareb~. es frazebi mTlad 

eretikosis mier araa Seqmnili. isini wm. kirilesTan gvxvdeba 

da saTaves wm. aTanasesgan iRebs. magram saqme imaSia, rom isini 

kiriles sxva SexedulebebTan daukavSirebladaa wa rmodgenili 

da amitom eretikul xasiaTs iZens. 

krebis Tavmjdomares, konstantinepolis patriarq flabianes 

da evtiqis mamxilebels, evsevi dorvilels sxva RmrTismetyveluri 

Sexedulebebi hqondaT. flabianes sityviT: `qri ste 

Si SeerTebuli ori bunebis erToba mdgomareobs ara im a Si, 

TiTqos es bunebani TavianTi TvisebebiT erTianobaSi Seirwynen, 

aramed imaSi, rom bunebaTa TviTebebi urTier TziarebiT 

srulyofiladaa SenarCunebuli~. `Cven yovelTvis vambobdiT 

da axlac vimeorebT, rom ieso qriste aris sruli RmerTi da 

sruli kaci, erTarsi mamisa RmrTeebri obiT da erTarsi dedisa 

adamianurobiT da erTi hipostasi, ori bunebis mqone~. 

krebam eretikosi evtiqi amxila da gansaja.

24 IV krebis 


25 

arcerTma im eklesiam, sadac aleqsandriuli ideebis gavlena 

igrZnoboda, konstantinepolis krebis avtoritetuloba ar 

aRiara. aseTebi iyvnen aleqsandriis anu egviptis, romisa da 

ierusalimis eklesiebi. samagierod krebas yvela im eklesiam 

dauWira mxari, romelic unias TanaugrZnobda. 

qristianuli eris 449 wels eklesias mZime dro daudga. uniis 

mtrebi, ukiduresi aleqsandrielebi, gamZvinvarebuli mowinaaRmdegeebi 

yovelive imisa, rac ki antioqiuri saRmrTismetyvelo 

mimarTulebis beWeds atarebda, zeimobdnen. magram, madloba 

RmerTs, arc Tu didxans! saqme exeba avazakTa krebasa da maT 

saqmianobas, ufro sworad _ maT borotmoqmedebas. unia, udidesi 

movlena eklesiis cxovrebaSi, maT samarcxvinod miiCnies, xolo 

uniis megobrebi eklesiisa da marTlmadideblobis mtrebad 

gamoacxades; uniis mowinaaRmdegeebi TavianT Tavs WeSmariti 

sarwmunoebis damcvelebad xmamaRla acxadebdnen. rogorc 

ariozobam konstantis dros, aseve mo nofizitobamac Tavisi 

droSa maRla aswia. rogorc cnobilia, monofizitebis dauRalavi 

winamZRvari aleqsandriis patriarqi dioskore iyo. mas 

gansakuTrebiT sZulda kirile, Tumca am did mamas garegnulad 

pativs scemda. rogorc Cans, igi iZ ulebuli iyo Tavi Seekavebina 

im saerTo mokrZalebis ga mo, romelsac wmida kiriles mimarT 

yvela amJRavnebda. WeSmaritebis mtrobiT gamsWvaluli dioskore 

cdilobda eklesiisaTvis is mdgomareoba daebrunebina, 

romelSic igi mesame msoflio krebis win aRmoCnda. uniisadmi 

mtrulad ganwyobil dioskores surda, eklesias daeviwyebina 

kiriles cxovrebis bolo wlebis Rvawli. imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan 

modioda misi aseTi siZulvili, istorikosebi verafers amboben. 

mxolod dioskores mimarT qalkedonis krebaze gamoTqmul 

saCivarSi vkiTxulobT, rom mas `kiriles marTali sarwmunoebis 

siZulvili hqonda~, sxvagan: `kirile sZulda misi marTali 

sarwmunoebis gamo~. 

aseve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dioskores siZulvilis ZiriTadi 

mizezi uniisadmi misi mtruli damokidebulebis Sedegi iyo. 

dioskores dogmaturi Sexedulebebi sruliad monofizituria: 

rogorc es avazakTa krebam gamoavlina, isini evtiqis 

Sexedulebebisgan ar gansxvavdeboda. dioskore jer kidev 

konstantinepolis krebamde yvela qveynis monofizitebTan iyo 

kavSirSi. evtiqic da sxva qveynis monofizitebic misi xelmZRvanelobiT 

moqmedebdnen. 

dioskores winamZRolobiT efesoSi gamarTuli avazakTa 

kreba (449 w.), ase vTqvaT, mesame msoflio krebis parodiaa. 

principulad igi am ukanasknel krebas imeorebda, magram misi 

Sedegi ara sikeTe, aramed boroteba iyo. cnobilia, rom keTili 

angelozis saxis miReba eSmaksac SeuZlia; avazakebic aseve ambobdnen: 

ès aris mesame msoflio kreba, romelic saukuneTa 

dasasruls Seikribao~. 

avazakTa krebaze nikeis simbolos garda sxva simbolos 

gagonebac ki ar undodaT, riTac konstantinepolis msoflio 

krebis simbolos dafarulsa da dausabuTebel protests 

ucxadebdnen. dioskore krebaze aseT azrs aviTarebda: sruliad 

sakmarisia sarwmunoebisaTvis ukve gakeTebuli ganmartebebi, 

sarwmunoebis axlad gadmocemis ufleba eklesias ara aqvs; 

religiis sferoSi araviTari gamokvleva saWiro ar aris da 

yvelaferi es rwmenas saSiSroebiT emuqrebao. rogorc Cans, 

kre ba iseTi konservatizmis poziciaze idga, romlisganac si keTe 

mosalodneli ar iyo. krebaze warmoTqmul sityvebSi ga ismis 

ulmobeli msjavri adamianis bunebrivi miswrafebebisadmi _ 

Seiswavlos sarwmunoeba, ganmartos wm. werili, axsnas dogmati. 

kreba saRmrTismetyvelo mecnierebis mteri iyo. avazakTa krebis 

aseTi Sexeduleba wm. aTanases mimarT Seugnebeli pativiscemis 

nayofad unda miviCnioT. Cven viciT, rom aTanase Tavis droze 

da cnobil pirobebSi nikeis simbolos xelSeuxeblobisTvis 

ibrZoda. es iyo aTanases udidesi damsaxureba qristianuli 

samyaros winaSe. magram misma ugunurma Tayvanismcemlebma, 

romelTac rwmenis, sulisa da eklesiis saWiroebani ar esmodaT, 

misi WeSmariti da maRali miswrafebebi absurdamde daiyvanes. 

maT aviwydebodaT, rom mas Semdeg, rac aTanasem Ta vi si ideebi 

gamoTqva, ukve asi weli iyo gasuli da, rom ek le si aSi axali 

moTxovnilebebi, axali saWiroebani gamovlindnen, ro mlebic 

samarTlian gadaWras moiTxovdnen. monofizitebi ara aw myoTi, 

aramed warsuliT cxovrobdnen, avazakTa krebis viwro, Camor- 

Cenil Sexedulebebs rom gaemarjvaT, ra mouvidoda eklesias, 

mecnierebas, adamianTa go nebas? _ eklesiis sferoSi wyvdiadi 

da sicariele daisadgurebda. aTanase aswavlida, rom nikeis

26 IV kreba 

qalkedoni, 451 w. 

27 

mrwamsi mtkiced daecvaT, monofizitebi ki aqedan as kvnidnen, rom 

RmrTismetyvelebis ganviTareba mxolod nikeis simboloTi 

unda Semofargluliyo da rom sarwmu noebis We Smaritebis 

gaxsna WeSmariti rwmenis uaryofas niSnavda da sxv. 

aRsaniSnavia agreTve, rom avazakTa kreba evtiqis msgavsad 

saerTod ar ganmartavs, Tu romel safuZvelsa da mtkicebas 

eyrdnoba monofizituri doqtrina. konstantinepolis adgilobriv 

krebaze evtiqis mier warmoTqmul sityvas: `vaRiareb, rom 

ufali Cveni SeerTebamde ori bunebisagan Sedgeba, SeerTebis 

Semdeg ki erT bunebas vaRiareb~, dioskorec adasturebda: 

`da Cvenc yvela amas veTanxmebiTo~. amave avazakTa krebaze 

dioskorem sakiTxi ase dasva: `gana SegviZlia davuSvaT gamoTqma, 

romelSic ganxorcielebis Semdeg or bunebaze iqneba 

laparaki?~ _ amaze krebam ganacxada: ànaTema mas, vinc aseT 

gamoTqmas gamoiyenebs; Tu vinme ityvis: ori, _ anaTema~. krebis 

monofizitoba naTeli faqtia. 

upirveles yovlisa, krebam SeaCvena da xarisxi CamoarTva 

keTilSobil moRvawes, suliskveTebiT meore oqropirs, konstantinepolis 

patriarq flabianes da masTan erTad evsevisac. 

avazakTa krebis msxverplni Seiqnen agreTve antioqiis patriarqi 

domne, netari Teodorite kvireli, edesis episkoposi iba, 

tvirosis episkoposi irineosi da saerTod yvela is piri, romelic 

unias da antioqiur saRmrTismetyvelo mimarTulebas an 

uSualod ukavSirdeboda, an TanaugrZnobda. avazakTa kreba arc 

SeCvenebul pirTa naTesavebis dasjas erideboda. kreba gana- 

Cenebs xalisiT ismenda da antioqielTa gankveTis gancxadebebs 

mxiaruli SeZaxilebiT xvdeboda. dioskores misamarTiT gaiZaxodnen: 

Seni piriT RmerTi laparakobs! Seni piriT suliwmida 

RaRadebs! maTi fesvebic amoZirkve, marTlmorwmunev! _ dioskore 

ki iferebda da RvarZls rogorc xorbals, ise iRebda. gadayenebulisa 

da gankveTilis mimarT ki kreba saSinel siZulvilsa 

da mZvinvarebas amJRavnebda: davwvaT Sua qalaqSi! ase satanac 

ki ar ityoda! es satanis sityvebia! antioqiis SuagulSi davwvaT 

samagaliTod, eSmaki ufro RmrTismoSiSia! 

avazakTa krebam Tavisi saqme gaakeTa. eklesiis xnulebs qarborbalasaviT 

gadauara. WeSmariti marTlmadidebeli unielebi 

daamcires da Searcxvines. eklesiaSi SfoTma da gansacdelma 

daimkvidra. TiTqos rwmena da eklesia ufskrulis piras dadga, 

magram gamtanjveli da saSineli ori weliwadi gavida da 

gangebulebiT dadgenili eklesiis gansacdelis vadac amoiwura. 

Tavisuflad amosunTqvis saSualeba yvelas mieca, ise, rom 

SeeZloT daviTTan erTad eTqvaT: ixarebdin cani da galobdin 

queyanaÁ! risi gamoxatulebac qalkedonis msoflio saeklesio 

kreba gaxda. 

meoTxe msoflio saeklesio kreba 

(qalkedoni, 451 w.) 

qalkedonis krebis msvlelobis ganmavlobaSi ara erTi gaugebroba 

gamovlinda, magram, miuxedavad amisa, sabolood igi 

mainc SeTanxmebiT damTavrda, razec amave krebaze Sedgenili 

dogmaturi gansazRvrebis erTsulovani miRebac metyvelebs. 

kreba aSkarad gamoxatuli ori sxvadasxva mxaris dapirispirebiT 

daiwyo. taZarSi, sadac kreba gaimarTa, marcxena mxare 

romis legatebma, konstantinepolis, antioqiisa da aziis yvela 

olqis episkoposebma daikaves, marjvena ki _ egviptis, palestinis 

da ilvirikiis episkoposebma. pirvel mxares konstantinepolis 

patriarqi anatoli meTaurobda, xolo meores _ CvenTvis ukve 

cnobili aleqsandriis patriarqi dioskore. anatoli konstantinepolelis 

partias yvela im saeklesio olqis episkoposebi 

Seadgendnen, romlebic nikeisa da nestorianul epoqaSi saerTo 

miswrafebebiT iyvnen gaerTianebulni. am partiis axal wevrs 

mxolod romi warmoadgenda, romelic aqamde masSi ar Sedioda. 

dioskores Tanamzraxvelebs ki is episkoposebi warmoadgendnen, 

romlebic Zveli droidanve aleqsandriis eklesias saTaveSi 

ucvlelad edgnen. e. i. Cven aq partiis imave dajgufebas vxvdebiT, 

romelic aqamdec ara erTxel Segvxvedria. 

sayuradReboa gadawyvetileba romis eklesiisa, romelic 

monofizitur sakiTxebze kamaTis dasawyisSi evtiqis mxareze 

idga. magram papma male SeamCnia, rom romisa da aleqsandriis 

eklesiebis interesebi TandaTan erTmaneTs scildebodn en. 

amis mizezi sxvadasxva garemoebasTan erTad isic iyo, rom 448 

w. konstantinepolis krebis Semdeg evtiqis saapelacio saCi

28 IV kreba 


29 

vars papi leoni ar gamoeqomaga, ris gamoc evtiqim roms zurgi 

aqcia. es ki leons aucileblad Seuracxyofda. miT umetes, Tu 

imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom IV-V ss-Si papebi TavianT Tavze 

ukve maRali warmodgenisani iyvnen. amas isic daerTo, rom dioskorem 

leoni kidec SeaCvena. am mizezebis wyalobiT leonma 

romis adrindeli saeklesio politika Secvala. mo nofizitobis 

winamZRvrebs ganudga da konstantinepols mie mxro. romisa da 

konstantinepolis eklesiebis daaxloeba patriarq flabianes 

saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. 

aRniSnuli ori partiis gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi SemdegSi 

mdgomareobs: 

a) partiebi avazakTa krebaze gakicxuli mamebis sakiTxs sx va - 

dasxvagvarad udgebodnen, rac gansakuTrebiT netar Teodoritesadmi 

damokidebulebaSi gamomJRavnda; marcxena mxare mas 

marTlmadideblobis qomagad aRiarebda, marjvena mxares ki 

Teodorites saxelis gagonebac ki ar undoda. 

b) partiebs uniisadmi gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba hqondaT. 

marcxena mxarem 448 w. konstantinepolis kreba aRiara da dagmo 

avazakTa kreba, riTac Tavisi damokidebuleba gamoxata. 

g) marcxena mxare konstantinepolis meore msoflio krebis 

simbolos aRiarebda, marjvena ki _ piriqiT. mizezi qristolo 

giur sakiTxebSi SeuTanxmebloba iyo. marcxena mxaris 

wa rmomadgeneli episkoposi diogene kvizikeli acxadebda, 

rom nikeis simbolos warmoTqma konstantinepolSi 381 w. gakeTebuli 

damatebebis gareSe gaumarTlebeli iyo, radgan am 

gansazRvrebis gareSe nikeis simbolo arasrulyofili Canda. 

diogene ambobda: èvtiqim nikeis wm. mamebis kreba pirvel 

ad gilze mzakvrulad daayena, maSin roca, konstantinepolis 

krebam simbolo apolinaris, makedoniosis da maT msgavsTa 

biwieri azrebis gamo Seavso, saxeldobr, simboloSi mimatebulia: 

gardamoxda zeciT da xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidi sa 

da mariamisagan qulwulisa. evtiqim, rogorc apolinaris tma, 

es adgili gamotova. apolinaric aRiarebs nikeis wm. krebas, 

magram es sityvebi sakuTari damaxinjebuli Sexedulebisamebr 

esmis da gaurbis gamoTqmas: sulisagan wmidisa da ma riamisagan 

qalwulisa. SemdegSi mcxovrebma wm. mamebma nike is simbolo 

ufro naTlad gansazRvres~. evsevi dorvileli imave mizezebTan 

dakavSirebiT acxadebda: evtiqi uaryofda, rom ufali ieso 

qristes sxeuli zeciuria (RmrTiuria), magram uars ambobda 

ganemarta, Tu saidan iyo igi. 

d) dabolos, marcxena da marjvena mxareTa warmomadgenlebs 

gansxvavebuli qristologiuri Sexedulebebi hyofda, romelic 

monofizitobas exeboda. marcxena mxaris warmomadgeneli mamebis 

swavleba ieso qristes or bunebas ganasxvavebda, romelic 

RmerTkacis erT pirSi iyo SeerTebuli. dioskores azriT ki: 

`SeerTebis Semdeg or bunebas ki ar unda vaRiarebdeT, aramed 

sityvis erT ganxorcielebul bunebas~, òri bunebisgan vaRiareb, 

ors _ ar vaRiareb", ài, ras vamtkiceb: SeerTebis Semdeg ori 

buneba ar aris~. 

rogorc vxedavT, marcxena mxare marTlmadidebluri iyo. 

amitom igi krebis suls warmoadgenda, xolo marjvena _ eretikuli, 

romelic eklesiis interesebis sawinaaRmdego partias 

qmnida. marjvena mxares rom gadaeZlia, maSin wmida da msoflio 

krebis nacvlad avazakTa kreba gveqneboda, magram RmrTis wyalobiT 

marcxena partiam male marjvena mxaris xarjze gazrda 

da gaZliereba daiwyo. eretikuli Sexedulebebidan marTlmadidebelTa 

mxareze gadasvlisas episkoposebs WeSmaritebis 

mousyidveli grZnoba xelmZRvanelobda. kreba erTsulovani 

gaxda. Tuki raime gaugebroba gaCndeboda, isev mxolod im 

episkoposebis mizeziT, romlebic manamde dioskores partias 

ekuTvnodnen. maTSi aleqsandriuli suliskveTeba mainc vlindeboda, 

romelsac ar SeeZlo antioqiur suls ucbad Serwymoda 

da SeerTeboda. 

konstantinepolis simbolom mravali winaaRmdegobis 

gadalaxvis Semdeg sabolood sruli aRiareba moipova. 

krebaze didi dro daeTmo wm. mamaTa im mTliani werilebis 

an nawyvetebis kiTxvas, romlebSic ieso qristes RmrTeebriv da 

kacobriv bunebaTa SeerTebis sakiTxia gansazRvruli. gri gol 

RmrTismetyvelis, ambrosi mediolanelis, ioane oqro piris, 

kirile aleqsandrielis, basili didis da eklesiis sxva mna- 

TobTa naazrevis safuZvelze krebam qristologiuri dogma tis 

amomwuravi sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvreba Seadgina, romelsac 

qvemoT warmovadgenT:

30 IV kreba 


31 

dogmati Cveni ufali ieso qristes 

erTi piris ori bunebis Sesaxeb 

varT ra mimdevarni wmida mamaTa moZRvrebisa, yvelani 

erTxmad vaswavliT erTi da imave Zis, Cveni uflis, ieso 

qristes aRiarebas, rogorc sruls RmrTeebiT da sruls 

adamianurobiT, WeSmarit RmerTsa da WeSmarit kacs, masve 

gonieri sulisa da sxeulisagan. erTarss mamisa RmrTeebiT 

da Cvenive erTarss adamianurobiT, sruliad Cvens 

msgavss garda codvisa, RmrTeebiT mamisagan Sobils 

uwinares saukuneTa, xolo ukanasknel Jams kacobrivad 

Sobils CvenTvis da Cveni xsnisaTvis RmrTismSobeli 

qalwuli mariamisagan. erTsa da imave qristes, Ze 

RmerTs, mxolodSobils, ori bunebiT Seurwyme lad, 

ucvlelad, ganuyoflad da ganuyrelad Semecnebuls ise, 

rom SeerTebis Sedegad ara Tu aranairad ar ispoba gansxvaveba 

or bunebas Soris, ufro metic, TiToeuli maTganis 

bunebis Tviseba SenarCunebuli da SeerTebulia erT 

pi rsa da erT hipostasSi, _ ara or pirad gankveTilsa 

da ga yofils, aramed erTsa da imave Ze RmerTs, mxolod- 

Sobils, sityva-RmerTs, ufal ieso qristes, rogorc mis 

Sesaxeb ZvelTaganve aswavlidnen winaswarme tyvelebi 

da rogorc TviT ufalma ieso qristem gvaswavla da 

rogorc amas mamebis simbolo gadmogvcems. 4 

rogorc ki sarwmunoebis gansazRvreba xmamaRla iqna wakiTxuli, 

igi mTelma krebam erTsulovnad miiRo. 

krebis bolo sxdomaze, romelzec damtkicda sarwmunoebrivi 

dadgenileba, TviT imperatori markianec da misi meuRle pulxeriac 

mobrZandnen. imperatoris SekiTxvaze, aRniSnuli dadgenileba 

yvela episkoposis TanxmobiT iyo Tu ara miRebuli, 

mamebma upasuxes: `yvelas ase gvwams! yvelani SevTanxmdiT da 

xeli movawereT. es marTlmadidebelTa sarwmunoebaa. am rwmenam 

samyaro ixsna. wmida samebam sami piri gankveTa~ (nestori, 

evtiqi, dioskore). 

qalkedonis krebis dogmatur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli 

saqmianoba ase damTavrda. ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar mieqces 

am krebis udides mniSvnelobas, romelmac eklesiis Semdgom 

istoriaSi mravali keTili nayofi gamoiRo: 

1. IV-V ss-Si antioqiur da aleqsandriul skolebs Soris 

ganuwyveteli dava iyo imis Taobaze, Tu sarwmunoebis WeSmaritebisa 

da saeklesio dogmatebis gamokvlevis dros ra 

adgili unda daTmoboda adamianis gonebas. es sadao sakiTxi 

sabolood qalkedonis krebam gadawyvita: aravis ar ekrZaleba 

gamoTqvas sakuTari azri da gamoxatos Tavisi sarwmunoeba, 

mxolod erTi pirobiT _ igi wm. mamebis swavlebaTa Sesabamisi 

unda iyos, radgan eklesiis did mnaTobTa Txzulebebs igive 

ufleba mieniWaT arsebobisTvis, rogorc nikeis simbolos. aseT 

mnaTobebad ki WeSmaritebis ganmmartebeli iseTi didi mamebia 

dasaxelebuli, rogorebic arian basili didi, papi damasi, aTanase 

didi, kirile aleqsandrieli, antioqiis brZeni arqiepiskoposi 

ioane, prokle da leon didi. qalkedonis krebis monawile 

eqvsasma mamam saRmrTismetyvelo mecniereba da misi saqme saukunod 

akurTxa. 

2. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qalkedonis krebaze sabolood 

gairkva agreTve konstantinepolis simbolos sakiTxic, romelic 

marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis gaxsnis safuZvlad aRiares. 

__________________________ 

4 Zveli Targmani dogmatisa zemoT dasaxelebul `dogmatikonSi~ nawilnawil, 

magram sruladaa gadmocemuli: `Sedgomilni ukue wmidaTa mamaTani, 

erTad da igived Zed aRsarebasa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristessa 

erTÃmobiT vaswavebT yovelni srulad RmrTeebiTa masve da srulad 

kacebiTa masve, RmerTad WeSmaritad da kacad WeSmaritad; masve sulisagan 

sityÂerisa da ÃorcTa, Tanaarsad mamisa RmrTeebiTa da Tanaarsad 

Cuenda masve kacebiTa yovliTurT msgavs Cuenda qmnulsa TÂnier xolo 

codvisa~ (gv. 185), `pirvel saukuneTa vidreme mamisagan Sobili RmrTeebr, 

xolo ukuanaÁsknelTa dReTasa igive CuenTvis da Cuenisa cxonebisaTvis 

mariamisagan qalwulisa RmrTismSobelisa kacobriv; erTi da igive 

qriste, Ze, ufali, mxolodSobili, orTa Sina bunebaTa Seurevnelad, uqcevelad, 

ganuwvalebelad da ganuSoreblad cnobili. arasada ganyofisa 

bu nebaTaÁsa mospobiTa SeerTebisa mier, aramed ufroÁsRa cxovlad 

dacvulebiTa TÂTebasa TiToeulisa bunebisasa da erTad pirad da er- 

Tad guamad SemokrebiTa. ara orpirobad ganyofili, aramed erTi da 

igive Ze mxolodSobili, RmerTi _ sityvaÁ da ufali iesu qriste, viTarigi 

zemoÁTganve misTvis winaÁswarmetyvelTa da TviT man iesu qriste 

guaswava Cuen da mamaTa CuenTa sazRvarman mosca~ (gv. 189).

32 IV kreba 


33 

konstantinepolis simbolos msoflio mniSvneloba mieniWa. 

krebis Semdeg igi imperatoris brZanebiT gamocxadda, rogorc 

yoveli qristianisTvis aucilebeli aRsareba. 

3. qalkedonis krebis mier miRebulma sarwmunoebis ganmartebam 

aRiareba male moipova, radgan, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia, 

man gansazRvra da gaxsna erT-erTi iseTi saidumlo dogmati, 

rogoricaa swavleba RmerTkacis piris Sesaxeb. igi romis episkoposmac 

miiRo. qalkedonis krebis dogmaturi gansazRvrebis 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba imaSic mdgomareobs, rom man arc 

aleqsandriulsa da arc antioqiur RmrTismetyvelur Tvalsazriss 

upiratesoba ar mianiWa. krebam daazava isini da orive 

skolis swavlebidan erTi Serwymuli swavleba warmoadgina. 

ori skolis literaturidan erTi saeklesio literatura 

warmoiSva. marTalia, am SeTanxmebis miRwevamde mravali winaaRmdegoba 

gadailaxa, magram didi WeSmaritebis bedi aseTia 

da igi mxolod brZoliT imarjvebs. 

meeqvse msoflio krebam swavleba ieso qristes ori nebis 

Sesaxeb monoTelitobis sawinaaRmdegod Camoayaliba. igi imiT 

iwyeba, rom qalkedonis krebis sarwmunoebis gansazRvrebas 

RmerTkacis piris Sesaxeb mTeli sizustiT gadmoscems da mis 

safuZvelze, rogorc Tavsakidur lodze, agebs swavlebas ieso 

qristes ori nebis Sesaxeb. 

aseve danamdvilebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom meSvide msoflio 

krebaze gaxsnili dogmati xatis gamoyenebisa da Tayvaniscemis 

Sesaxeb sayrdens ZiriTadad qalkedonis sarwmunoebriv dadgenilebaSi 

poulobs. xatTmbrZolebi xatebs imis safuZvelze 

uaryofdnen, rom ieso qristes, rogorc RmerTkacis gamosaxva 

SeuZlebelia, rom tilosa da dafaze mxolod qristes kacobrivi 

xateba gamoisaxeba da ara misi RmrTeebrivi saxeo. xatTmbrZol- 

Ta es azri im monofizituri SexedulebebiT mtki cdeboda, romlis 

mixedviTac RmrTeebam qristeSi TiTqos misi adamianuroba 

STanTqa. xatTmbrZolTa sawinaaRmdego gansa zRvreba ZiriTadad 

im swavlebaze SeiZleboda dafuZnebuliyo, romlis mixedvi- 

Tac qristeSi ori sruli bunebaa _ RmrTeebrivi da kacobrivi, 

ori Seurwymeli buneba, magram amave dros ganuyofeli. aqedan 

gamomdinare, qristianuli grZnobebisaTvis qristes, rogorc 

mxolod kacis ubralo gamosaxulebasac ki, cota mniSvneloba 

rodi eniWeboda. qalkedonis krebam es swavleba sarwmunoebrivi 

dadgenilebiT gamoxata. 

4. qalkedonis krebam CvenTvis cnobili uniis avtoritets 

mxari dauWira da daamtkica kidec. Tavisi mxridan saimperatoro 

xelisuflebam gansakuTrebuli brZanebiT aRadgina im pirTa 

pativi da Rirseba, romlebic dioskoresagan uniis erTgulebisaTvis 

didad dazaraldnen. 

5. pirveli oTxi msoflio krebis dogmaturi istoriis ganxilvisas, 

Cven im saintereso movlenas vakvirdebiT, rom iSviaTi 

gamonaklisis garda aleqsandriuli RmrTismetyvelebis mimarTulebis 

momxreebi papebis mimarT yovelTvis megobrulad 

iyvnen ganwyobilni, maSin roca, antioqiuri mxare, ramdenime 

Se mTxvevis gamoklebiT, yovelTvis ewinaaRmdegeboda maT. 

qa lkedonis kreba meore mimarTulebis warmomadgenelTa 

SemarTebiT moqmedebda. qalkedonis krebis msgavsad SeiZleba 

papisTvis arc arasodes ugrZnobiebiaT, rom misi pretenziebi 

eklesiis ganmgeblobaze usafuZvlo iyo da arakanonieri. kre bam 

papis legatebis winadadeba ar miiRo, roca isini taZridan dioskores 

gagdebas usafuZvlod moiTxovdnen. le gatebi mizezad 

mxolod imas asaxelebdnen, rom paps ase hqonda nabrZanebi. roca 

krebam dioskores danaSaulis axsna iTxova, le gatebma Tqves: 

`dioskorem gabeda papis nebarTvis gareSe Caetarebina kreba 

(avazakTa), rac arasodes momxdara da arc unda moxdes~. kreba 

am argumentiT ar dakmayofilebula da legatebs isev SekiTxviT 

mimarTa: agvixseniT dioskores danaSaulis namdvili mizezi da 

mxolod amis Semdeg iqneba Tqveni survili Sesrulebulio. am 

mizezis dasaxelebis Semdeg krebam maTi survili daakmayofila, 

magram arc Tu savsebiT. 

rogorc Cans, mamebi sul mcire mniSvnelobasac ki ar ani- 

Webdnen im wess, romliTac TiTqos papis nebarTvis gareSe 

kreba ar SeiZleboda Semdgariyo. magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

faqtori, romliTac mamebis mxridan papis moTxovnebis mimarT 

upativcemuloba gamoixata, is iyo, rom konstantinepolis patriarqi, 

marTalia, rigiT meore, magram RirsebiT papis Tanasworad 

gamocxadda. legatebi tyuilad aprotestebdnen am dadgenilebas. 

Semdeg ki papi leonic amaod cdilobda mis ganadgurebas, saqme 

ar Secvlila. es iyo iseTi mniSvnelovani faqti, romelsac

34 IV kreba 

V krebis wina movlenebi 

35 

papebi qristianuli eklesiis mTeli istoriis manZilze ar iviwyebdnen. 

eklesiis ganmgebloba da Zalaufleba, romelsac papebi 

martooden TavianT Tavs akuTvnebdnen, amieridan, qalkedonis 

krebis ganCinebiT, maT bizantiis patriarqebTan erTad unda 

gaeyoT. am dadgenilebaze dayrdnobiT aRmosavleTis eklesiam 

papis xelyofisagan iseT mZime drosac ki SeZlo daecva Tavisi 

Rirseba, rogoric XIII an XV saukuneebi iyo. qalkedonis krebam 

aRmosavleTTan damokidebulebaSi erTxel da samudamod 

moaxdina papis pativmoyvareobis paralizeba. 

aseTi damsaxurebebiT ganisazRvreba qalkedonis msoflio 

krebis didi Rirseba da misi ukvdavi saxeli. 

mexuTe msoflio saeklesio krebis win 

a) mokle cnobebi meoTxe msoflio krebis 

Semdeg monofizitobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb 

qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio krebam monofizitobis eresze 

gaimarjva, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom monofizitebi aRmosavleTis 

eklesiaSi saerTod aRar arsebobdnen; zogan 449 

w. avazakTa krebis dadgenilebebs isev icavdnen. 

qalkedonis krebas winaaRmdegoba pirvelad palestinis 

eklesiaSi Sexvda. aq mwvaleblobis pirveli Tesli aleqsandriidan 

SemoRweulma yovlad uRirsma berma Teodosim Seitana, 

romelic TviT dioskoremac ki gaagdo eklesiidan. Teodosi 

da misi momxreebi qalkedonis krebis sawinaaRmdegod yovlad 

uSver ciliswamebebs avrcelebdnen: TiTqos krebas sarwmunoeba 

daemaxinjebinos ieso qristes ori piris daSvebiT, nestoris 

mimdevarTa msgavsad qristeSi ori Zis aRiareba eswavlebinos 

da mamebis mier damtkicebuli simbolosagan gansxvavebuli 

sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebebi mieRos. Teodosis momxreebad 

gaunaTlebeli berebi iqcnen, romelTa ricxvma aTi aTass miaRwia. 

Teodosis winamZRolobiT isini damnaSaveTa brbod iqcnen: 

TavianTi monastrebi da udabnoebi miatoves, ierusalims Tavs 

daesxnen, xanZars aCendnen, arc mkvlelobebs eridebodnen, sapyrobileebi 

Seamtvries da qalaqSi Caiketnen. yovlive es im 

mizniT xdeboda, rom ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi yvelas 

monofizitoba eRiarebina da qalkedonis kreba, papi leoni da 

krebis yvela monawile SeeCvenebina. Teodosim Tavisi Tavi 

ierusalimis mTavarepiskoposad gamoacxada. rac Seexeba ierusalimis 

kanonier mTavarepiskopos iubenals, igi Camoagdes 

da iZulebuli Seiqna qalaqidan wasuliyo. TavSeukavebelma 

monofizitebma marTlmadidebel episkoposTa sicocxlezec ki 

gabedes xelis aRmarTva. isini maTi cxedrebis Seuracxyofasac 

ki ar eridebodnen. roca am saSinelma ambebma imperator 

markianes yuramdec miaRwia, man meamboxeTa winaaRmdeg jari 

gagzavna. Teodosim da misma momxreebma ierusalimi datoves 

da sinas monastrisaken gae Surnen, Tan gzadagza axal-axal 

danaSauls sCadiodnen da mosaxleob aSi monofizituri mwvaleblobis 

Tesli SehqondaT. Teodosim momxreebi sinazec 

gaiCina. imperatori cdilobda sinelebi werilebiT gaerkvia 

WeSmaritebaSi da yvelas mouwodebda, xeli SeewyoT iseTi meamboxisa 

da biwieri kacis SepyrobaSi, rogoric Teodosi iyo. 

amave dros imperatorma wesrigis aR sadgenad Tavis adgilze 

daabruna iubenali, magram monofizitebsa da marTlmadideblebs 

Soris kamaTs bolo mainc ar u Canda. zogierTi gamZvinvarebuli 

monofiziti iqamdec ki midi oda, rom WeSmaritebis aRiarebas 

sikvdili erCivna. 

qalkedonis krebis dadgenilebebs aqtiurad aRudga win egviptec. 

egviptes kidev ufro mZafrad daatyda Tavs monofizitoba, 

vidre palestinas; da es gasagebicaa, _ avazakTa krebis moTave dioskore 

aqedan iyo. amasTan, egvipteSi marto igi rodi azrovnebda 

monofiziturad. TviT qalkedonis krebaze cametma egviptelma 

episkoposma uari Tqva xeli moewera papi leonis marTlmadideblur 

epistoleze im mizeziT, rom TiTqos maT amis gakeTebis 

ufleba ar hqondaT TavianTi mTavarepiskoposis ne barTvis 

gareSe. gasagebia, rom aseTi episkoposebi qalkedonis krebis 

mxardaWeras naklebad SeZlebdnen. amitom iyo, rom SemdgomSi 

egvipteSi monofizituri eklesia Camoyalibda. Ta vidan ki iq 

areuloba aleqsandrielma xucesma timoTem Se itana, romelsac

36 V krebis 


37 

`cofiani~ ewoda. igi Tavisi momxre episkoposebis daxmarebiT 

aleqsandriis mTavarepiskoposad gamocxadda, xolo kanonieri 

mTavarepiskoposi proteriosi aRdgoma dRes sanaTlavSi 

mokles. timoTes partiis barbarosma mwvaleblebma esec ar 

ikmares: `misi dakafuli gvami mTel qalaqSi aTries, ugrZnobi 

sxeuli umowyalod gvemes, nawilebad daWres da Signeuls Tav- 

Seukaveblad ZaRlebiviT kbendnen; bolos ki sxeulis nawilebi 

cecxls misces da ferfli qars gaatanes. maTma sisastikem yvela 

veluri mxecis gamZvinvarebas gadaaWarba~. timoTem qalkedonis 

krebis mier miRebuli sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis damcveli 

episkoposebi SeaCvena da maT saxelebs wm. kirile aleqsandrielic 

SeuerTa. magram misTvis esec cota gamodga: man saeklesio 

diptiqebidan mTavarepiskoposi proteriosis saxeli amoSala 

da mis magivrad dioskores saxeli Cawera. 

qalkedonis krebisadmi egvipteSi Seqmnili opozicia imiT 

damTavrda, rom imperatori leon I (457-474 ww.) marTlmadidebelTa 

mxareze dadga da timoTe aleqsandriidan gaaZeva. 

mesame qveyana, sadac monofizitobam antioqiis TaosnobiT 

sasurveli niadagi hpova, siria iyo. xolo mwvaleblobis 

gavrcelebis moTaved varsuma unda miviCnioT. es is varsumaa, 

romelic dioskores mier avazakTa krebaze iqna miwveuli rogorc 

Tavgamodebuli monofiziti. man siriaSi aTasobiT Tanamoazre 

gaiCina. amitomac araa gasakviri, rom aq qalkedonis 

krebas Sesaferisi TanagrZnobiT ar Sexvdnen. es gansakuTrebiT 

gamomJRavnda siriis mmarTvelad zenonis (Sem dgomSi imperatori) 

dadgenis dros, romelic imperatori leon pirvelis 

naTesavi iyo. zenonis amalas siriaSi Tan Camohyva qalkedoneli 

monofiziti mRvdeli petre fuloni (mkawrveli), romelic Semdeg 

zenonis xelis SewyobiT antioqiis arqiepiskoposi gaxda. 

petres swavlebiT: Ze RmerTi itanja Rmr Teebrivi da ara kacobrivi 

bunebiT. man am azris yvela mowinaaRmdege SeaCvena da 

bolos brZana, rom samwmidaobiT saRmrTismsaxuro galobaSi 

(`wmidao RmerTo, wmidao Zliero, wmidao ukudavo, Segviwyalen 

Cven~) daematebinaT sityvebi: `romeli jvars ecvi CvenTvis~. 

monofizituri SexedulebiT aseTi damateba bunebrivia: radgan, 

Tuki Ze RmerTi RmrTeebrivi bunebiT evno, rogorc amas monofizitebi 

aswavlidnen, xolo wm. samebis samive piri (gvami) 

ki arsiT erTia, amitom Ze RmerTTan erTad mama RmerTic da 

suliwmidac unda vnebuliyo, _ aRniSnuli damateba swored am 

azris gamomxatvelia. 5 

antioqiis eklesiis marTva monofiziti petre fulonis mier 

didxans ar gagrZelebula, igi imperatorma gadaasaxla. miuxedavad 

amisa, siria monofizitobis buded iqca. 

dabolos, TviT dedaqalaqis eklesiaSic monofizitoba ar 

Camkvdara. rogorc cnobilia, monofizitobis eresiarqi evtiqi 

swored konstantinepolidan iyo. gasakviri araa, rom misi 

gankveTis gamo konstantinepolSi Tavi iCina imave cdomilebis 

Teslma, romlis mimdevarTa Soris imperatorebic ki aRmoCndnen: 

vasiliski (476-477 ww.), zenoni (477-491 ww.) da anastasi (491-518 ww.) 

b) dava sami Tavis Sesaxeb 

yvela sxva krebisagan gansxvavebiT, mexuTe msoflio saeklesio 

krebas raime axal eresTan saqme ar hqonia. misi saqmianoba 

mesame da meoTxe krebebTanaa dakavSirebuli, radgan dRis wesrigSi 

isev nestorianebisa da, ufro ki, monofizitebis sakiTxi 

idga. es pirebi: Teodore _ momfsuestis episkoposi, Teodorite 

_ kviros episkoposi da iba _ edesis episkoposi6 ukve mexuTe 

saukuneSi gardaicvalnen, magram isini nestorianuli eresis 

warmoSobasa da ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT iyvnen cnobilni 

da maT swavlebas eklesiaSi sacduri isev Semohqonda. arc 

mesame da arc meoTxe krebas isini ar ganusjia, magram monofizitebma, 

romlebic yovelTvis mzad iyvnen ro gorme evnoT 

marTlmadideblobisTvis, ukve istoriis asparezidan gardasuli 

ambebic gaixsenes. gansakuTrebiT maTTvis arasasurvel 

5`didi da RmerTSemosili aTanase da netari basili da grigoli da 

yovelni wmi dani mamani, esreT wameben, romel samwmidaobiTa galobiTa 

wmidisa samebisa gu amTa gamomisaxven Cuen wmidani serafimni~ (efTvime 

grZeli, sosTenis mimarT, so mexT moZRvrisa//saqarTvelos samoTxe, gamc. 

m. sabinini, petb., 1882. gv. 618-619). 

6saxeldeba `Tavi~ am samma pirma miiRo ara imitom, rom isini nestorianuli 

eresis Tavs warmoadgendnen, aramed imitom, rom imperator iustinianes 

brZanebaSi TiToeul pirs calke Tavi anu paragrafi eZRvneboda. 

aqedan gamomdinare, Tavdapirvelad dava brZanebis sami Tavis Sesaxeb 

gaimarTa, magram Semdeg am gamoTqmam azri Seicvala da `TavSi~ TviTon 

pirebs gulisxmobdnen.

38 V krebis 


39 

qalkedonis krebas esxmodnen Tavs, radgan krebam aRniSnuli 

pirebi ar gankveTa, da eklesias ayvedridnen, rom TiTqos man 

farulad miisakuTra da SeiTvisa nestorianoba. radgan imperatorma 

nestoris Txzulebebi akrZala, monofizitebma TavianTi 

mwvaleblobis gasavrceleblad aseT xerxs mimarTes: nestoris 

Txzulebebis magier im saeklesio mweralTa naSromebis Seswavla 

da gavrceleba daiwyes, romlebSic metnaklebad nestorianuli 

azrebi iyo gatarebuli. swored amgvar Txzulebebs 

warmoadgenda zemoT moxseniebul pirTa naSromebi. 

saqmis gamosasworeblad davaSi TviT imperatori iustiniane 

Caeria. saeklesio saqmeebisaTvis mzrunvelobam imperatori, 

romelic meore konstantine didi iyo, aiZula ramdenime xniT 

saxelmwifo saqmeebic ki daeviwyebina. daaxloebiT 544 w. 

iustinianem brZaneba gamosca, romelSic SeCvenebulni iyvnen 

Teodore momfsuesteli da misi swavleba, Teodorite kvireli 

im TxzulebebisaTvis, romlebic Tavis droze wm. kirile 

ale qsandrielisa da mesame msoflio krebis winaaRmdeg iyo 

mimarTuli da iba edeseli vinme marius sparselis mimarT 

gagzavnili epistolesaTvis, romelSic aSkarad Canda, rom misi 

avtori nestoris gavlenas ganicdida. iustinianes brZanebis 

mizani eklesiaSi Tanxmobis damkvidreba iyo, magram brZanebam 

didi areuloba gamoiwvia. sam Tavs rogorc gamkicxvelebi, ise 

damcvelebic gamouCndnen. 

Teodore momfsuestelis Sexedulebebis naTesaoba nestorianul 

ideebTan wm. kirile aleqsandrielisTvisac kargad 

iyo cnobili, magram mas efesos mesame msoflio krebaze (431 w.) 

Teodores sakiTxi arc wamouWria, ris mizezadac isic SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos, rom am droisaTvis Teodore ukve gardacvlili iyo 

(gard. 428 w.). cnobilia, rom misi mowinaaRmdegeebi xsovnas mainc 

eridebodnen, radgan roca mesame msoflio krebis Semdeg wm. 

kirilem da wm. proklem (konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposi) 

Teodoresa da misi nestorianobiT Seryvnili Txzulebebis 

sawinaaRmdegod xma aRimaRles, maSin va imowinaaRmdegeebmac 

iCines Tavi, romlebic ugunurebisa da us afuZvlo msjelobis 

wyalobiT iqamdec mividnen, rom Teod ores marTlmadidebluri 

Sexedulebebic ki eretikulad gamoacxades. eseni somxeTisa 

da siriis samRvdelo dasis mon o fizitobis seniT Sepyrobili 

warmomadgenlebi gaxldaT. 

eklesiis erTobisaTvis zrunvam ganapiroba isic, rom maT 

gaiTvaliswines antioqielTa damokidebuleba Teodoresadmi. 

imperatori Teodosi mcirec ki, kirilesa da proklesTan erTad, 

garkveul zRvaramde angariSs uwevda antioqiis episkopatsa 

da maRal samRvdeloebas, romlebic gardacvlili Teodores 

saxels pativiT ixseniebdnen. 

amrigad, Teodores irgvliv Seqmnili situaciidan Cans, rom 

dava SesaZlebeli iyo. igive SeiZleba iTqvas Teodorite kvirelis 

Sesaxebac. mas zogi eretikosad da zogi ki moSurne mar- 

Tlmadideblad miiCnevda. saqme isaa, rom Tavidan Teodorite 

nestorisa da Teodores mxares iWerda da aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeboda 

kirile aleqsandriels, magram roca misTvis kiriles 

moRvaweobisa da swavlebis xasiaTi gairkva, igi kirilesa da efesos 

krebis mimarT keTilad ganewyo (manamde nestoris gankveTis 

gamo krebas ar eTanxmeboda) da msoflio eklesias SeuerTda. 

Teodorites mxardamWerTaTvis ZiriTadi argumenti mainc is 

iyo, rom qalkedonis msoflio krebam igi gaamarTla. amitom mis 

damcvelebs iustinianesaTvis TiTqos samarTlianad SeeZloT 

mieTiTebinaT, rom Teodoritem Tavisi saRmrTismetyvelo TxzulebebiT 

eklesias gacilebiT didi samsaxuri gauwia, vidre 

avno mcirericxovani naSromebiT. 

iba edeselis irgvlivac msgavsi garemoeba Seiqmna. Tavdapirvelad, 

msoflio krebis Semdeg, iba nestorianul Sexedulebebs 

iziarebda, magram qalkedonis krebaze man nestori da misi swavleba 

SeaCvena da amis Semdeg misi marTlmadidebloba saeWvod 

aravis miuCnevia. magram kamaTi gamoiwvia ibas episto lem marius 

sparselis mimarT, romlis pirveli nawili mwvaleblis poziciis 

gamomJRavnebaa, xolo meore _ marTlmadideblobis aRiareba. 

Cvens mier gadmocemuli faqtebi _ Teodores, Teodoritesa da 

ibas saqmianobaze aSkaras xdis, rom davas sami Tavis Sesaxeb sakmao 

safuZveli hqonia. amitom iustinianes naCqarevad ga mocemulma 

brZanebam kamaTi am pirTa garSemo kidev ufro aRagzno. 

gauTavebeli davis gamo 551 w. imperatorma axali reli giuri 

brZaneba gamosca, romelic gansakuTrebiT imiTaa mniSvnelovani, 

rom igi didi miswrafebiT arRvevs im sawinaaRmdego debulebebs, 

romlebic sami Tavis dasacavad mohqondaT. miuxedavad amisa,

40 V kreba konstantinepoli, 553 w. 

41 

dasavleTisa da afrikis eklesiebi mainc ewinaaRmdegebodnen 

brZanebis moTxovnebs. aseT viTarebaSi imperatorma iustinianem 

sakiTxis sabolood gadasawyvetad msoflio saeklesio 

kreba moiwvia. 

SeniSvna: saqarTvelos eklesiis 1987 wlis kalendarSi qalkedonis 

dogmatis gansazRvrebisas (gv. 124), aseve n. yubaneiSvilisa 

da m. kelenjeriZis saxelmZRvaneloebSi, hipostasis Sesatyvis 

terminad gamoyenebulia sityva `saxe~, magram am Sinaarsis 

terminad misi miReba arasworia. miT umetes, arcerTi qarTuli 

enis leqsikoni `saxis~ hipostasad warmodgenis safuZvels ar 

iZleva. sawinaaRmdego mniSvnelobiT ki yuradRebas iqcevs erTi 

adgili, sadac `saxe~ gamijnulia `guamisagan~: `xolo petre da 

pavle da ioane erTsa sazRaursa miiTualven kacisa, egreTue 

sxuanica kacni, vinaÁca ara arian eseni saxeni kacisani, aramed 

ganukueTelni, ese igi ars guamni~ 7 . e. i. saxes da ganukveTels, 

anu gvams sxvadasxva definicia Seesabameba, radgan saxe bunebis 

aRmniSvneli sazogado saxelia, xolo gvami anu piri bunebasTan 

erTad kerZo mniSvnelobasac gulisxmobs: `ganikueTebodis-raÁ 

saxe, ese igi ars kacobrivi bunebaÁ, romel ars arsebaÁ da miiRebdes 

Semokrebasa TiToeulobiTTa TÂTebaTasa, Seasrulebs 

simravlesa ganukue TelTasa, romel arian guamni... Sesakrebel 

mravalTa ganu kueTelTa ars saxe~ 8 . xolo Tu RmrTis pirTa 

aRsaniSnavad termin saxes gamoviyenebT, jer erTi, igi samebis 

bunebas anu arsebas samad ganyofs, `rameTu martivi da erTsaxobiTi 

da ucxo yovlisave or kecobisa da SezavebisaÁ ars 

saRmrToÁ arsebaÁ~ 9 , da meorec, Tu mas saxismetyvelebiTi SinaarsiT 

gaviazrebT, ma Sin gamova, rom RmerTs samis magier erTi 

piri aqvs da Tavis Tavs samgvarad (samnairad, sami saxiT) avlens, 

rac, ra Tqma unda, sabelianosTa swavlebis Sesaferisi ufroa, 

vidre marTlmadidebelTa moZ R vrebisa. aqedan gamomdinare, 

sampirovanis wil termini samsaxovanis gamoyenebac miuRebelia. 

__________________________ 

7 sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t. I, moamz. il. abulaZem, Tb., 

1991. gv. 567. 

8 dasx. dogmatikoni, gv. 109. 

9 iqve, gv. 147. 

mexuTe msoflio saeklesio kreba 


mexuTe msoflio saeklesio kreba imperatorma iustinianem 

sami Tavis _ Teodore momfsuestelis, Teodorite kvirelis da 

iba edeselis _ sakiTxis gadasawyvetad Sekriba. krebas konstantinepolis 

patriarqi evtiqi Tavmjdomareobda. sxva cnobil 

monawileTagan aRsaniSnavia aleqsandriis patriarqi apolinari 

da antioqiis patriarqi domne. ierusalimis patriarqis adgili 

sam palestinel episkoposs eWira. dasavlel episkoposebs 

mxolod afrikelebi warmoadgendnen (ricxviT eqvsidan rvamde). 

romis papi vigiliusi, romelic jer kidev konstantinepolSi 

cxovrobda, xan avadmyofobisa da xan imis momizezebiT, rom 

krebas aRmosavleTis episkoposTa gacilebiT meti raodenoba 

eswreboda, vidre dasavleTisa, krebas ar daeswro da piroba 

dado, Tavisi azri sami Tavis Sesaxeb werilobiT gamoexata. ra 

Tqma unda, mizezi usafuZvlo iyo, radgan aqamdec yvela krebaze 

ricxobrivad aRmosavleTis episkoposebi ufro metni iyvnen, 

vidre dasavleTisa. paps dasavleTis zogierTma episkoposmac 

mibaZa da sxvadasxva mizeziT krebaSi monawileobis miRebaze 

uari ganacxada. namdvili mizezi ki papisa da misTvis mxaris 

ambmeli episkoposebis saqcielisa is iyo, rom paps am droisaTvis 

sami Tavis gakicxvis Sesaxeb azri ukve Secvlili hqonda. 

amitom, icoda ra aRmosavleTis episkoposTa damokidebuleba 

am saq misadmi, man amjobina, Tavi aeridebina krebisaTvis. misi 

mxardamWerebic aseve moiqcnen. kreba iZulebuli Seiqna papis 

ga reSe gadaewyvita problemebi. 

krebis saqmianobis programa iustinianes brZanebaSi iyo 

Camoyalibebuli, romelic Teodores sakiTxis ganxilviT iwyeboda. 

cxra muxlad warmodgenili Teodores cdomilebaTagan 

yuradRebas gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan muxlebze SevaCerebT. 

igi ambobs: yovladwmida qalwul mariamisagan iSva ara RmerTi, 

aramed adamiani; ara RmerTi-sityva iSva mariamisagan, aramed 

daibada is, vinc daviTis Teslisaganaa; RmerTi-sityva mxolod 

imyofeboda iesoSi, rogorc kacSi, mTeli misi amqveyniuri

42 V kreba 


43 

cxovrebis manZilze; saRmrTo werili gvaswavlis, rom sxvaa 

RmerTi-sityva da sxva _ adamiani, da gva Cvenebs, rom gansxvaveba 

maT Soris didia, adamiani arsiT erTia adamianisa, RmerTi _ 

RmrTisa. amitom rogor SeiZleba ad amianisa da RmerTis erToba; 

adamiani qriste arafriT ar gansxvavdeba sxva admianebisagan; 

rogorc yvela adamianisTvis, misTvisac damaxasiaTebeli iyo 

vnebebTan da gulisTqmasTan brZola; qriste, rogorc adamiani, 

mxolod aRdgomis Semdeg gaxda ucvleli, anu borotebisaken 

miudrekeli; qriste suliwmidiT xelmZRvanelobasa da TviT 

RmerTi-sityvis mier ganmtkicebas saWiroebda; RmerTi-sityva 

exmareba mas, rogorc sxva, ucxo arsebas; Teodore Tavs aridebda 

`RmrTismSoblis~ wodebasac: igi adamianis dedaa, magram RmrTis 

dedacaa, imitom rom RmerTi adamianSi iyo; roca laparakia 

xorciel Sobaze, maSin RmerTi-sityva mariamis Zed ar unda 

CaiTvalos, radganac mokvdavisagan mokvdavi ibadeba da xorcielisgan 

misive msgavsi. Teodore wmida werilis kanonikur 

wignebs _ iobisa da qebaTa qebas _ dacinviT ixseniebda; amave 

dros Tvlida, rom Zveli aRTqmis mravali winaswarmetyveleba 

qristes mimarT ar iyo gamoTqmuli; Teodore Tavs uflebas 

aZlevda saxelwodeba `qristiani~ platonikosis, epikurelisa 

da maniqevelis gverdiT daeyenebina. Teodores SexedulebaTa 

sawinaaRmdego Sinaarss atarebdnen kirile aleqsandrielis, 

prokle konstantinepolelisa da rabula edeselis epistoleebi 

da Txzulebebi. yvela am samxilebeli sabuTis Sekrebis 

Semdeg kreba sami Tavis gansjis mowinaaRmdegeTa moTxovnebis 

usafuZvlobis dasabuTebas Seudga. maTi azriT, Teodores dagmoba 

ar SeiZleboda, radgan mas wm. kirile kargad moixseniebda. 

marTalia, am epistoleSi kirile ariozelebis winaaRmdeg br- 

ZolisaTvis `keTils~ uwodebs mas, magram qristeSi ori bunebis 

SeerTebis araswori swavlebisaTvis iqve kicxavs. 

Teodores damcvelTa mier warmodgenili grigol RmrTismetyvelis 

werili, sadac Teodores qeba aqvs Sesxmuli, siyalbed 

iqna miCneuli, radgan grigol RmrTismetyvelis werilis adresati 

sxva Teodore iyo. krebam iseTi magaliTebi moiyvana 

wmida mamaTa cxovrebidan, romelnic adasturebdnen, rom maT 

mier Seqebuli pirebi mwvaleblebic ki xdebodnen. 

Teodores damcvelTa azriT, misTvis sasjelis dadebas ukve 

azri aRar hqonda, radgan igi gardacvlili iyo, magram krebam 

kiriles, netari avgustines, aTanase didisa da sxva mamebis mier 

gardacvlilTa SeCvenebis mravali faqti daasaxela. 

Teodores damcvelTa mier moxmobili sabuTi, rom igi eklesiasTan 

Serigebuli gardaicvala da am mizeziT misi SeCveneba 

ar SeiZleboda, uSedego gamodga. kreba am sakiTxs araviTar 

mniSvnelobas ar aniWebda, radgan eklesiis keTilismyofelebad 

im gardacvlilebs miiCnevda, romlebic sarwmunoebriv dogmatebs 

cxovrebis bolomde icavdnen. mTavar arguments ki mainc 

is warmoadgenda, rom momfsuestSi didi xania Teodores saxeli 

saeklesio diptiqebidan amoSlili iyo. 

kreba gadavida Teodorite kvirelis sakiTxze. ganxilul 

iqna Teodorites is Txzulebebi, romlebic marTali sarwmunoebis 

sawinaaRmdegod da nestorianelTa interesebis dasacavad 

iyo dawerili. aseT Txzulebebad miiCnies: 

1. kirileseuli Tormeti SeCvenebis 10 ganxilva, romelSic 

Teodoritem nestorianuli Sexedulebebi pirdapir gamoxata: 

`Cven qristes RmerTsa da kacs vuwodebT; hipostasuri erToba 

ki, rogorc sakvirveli da uCveulo, arsaidan ar viciT, arc 

saRmrTo werilidan da arc misi ganmmartebeli mamebisagan~. 

2. epistoleebi, romlebSic wm. kirile mTeli daundoblobiT 

iyo ganqiqebuli da apolinaris mimdevrad iwodeboda, xolo 

misi swavleba gnostikosebis, valentisa da markionis ugunurebasTan 

iyo Sedarebuli. Teodorite kiriles im azrs miawerda, 

rom TiTqos `TviT uvnebeli da ucvalebeli RmerTi evno, mimsWvalul 

iqna jvarze da mokvda~. krebam erTi iseTi epistolec 

ganixila, romelic ukve gardacvlili kiriles saxels bilwad 

Seuracxyofda. 

3. Teodorites epistole andria samosatelisadmi, romelSic 

mesame msoflio kreba sazizRari lanZRva-ginebiTaa moxseniebuli; 

aq marTlmadidebelTa mxare borotmoqmedebadaa 

gamoyvanili, xolo nestoris mimdevarni _ rogorc WeSmariti 

10 wm. kirile aleqsandrielis antinestorianuli Tormeti SeCveneba misive 

ganmartebiT Setanilia dasx. dogmatikonSi, gv. 64-78.

44 V kreba 


45 

sarwmunoebisaTvis mebrZolni. 

4. krebaze nestorisadmi gagzavnili epistolec waikiTxes, 

romelic mesame msoflio krebis Semdeg iyo dawerili. aqedan 

Canda, rom Teodorite nestoris mimdevrad rCeboda mas Semdegac, 

rac msoflio krebam es eretikosi SeaCvena. krebam ag re- 

Tve isic moismina, rom Teodorite Teodore momfsuestelis 

dasacavad werda. 

jeri iba edeselsa da mis mier marius sparselisadmi miweril 

epistoleze midga. misi ganxilvisas, mTavari yuradReba 

imas eqceoda, qalkedonis krebam epistole, rogorc amas zogierTebi 

amtkicebdnen, marTla miiRo Tu arao. imis dasamtkiceblad, 

rom qalkedonSi ibas epistole ar SeuwynarebiaT, krebam 

igi qalkedonis krebis gansazRvrebas Seudara; dadasturda, 

rom maT Soris araviTari Tanxmoba ar iyo. magaliTad, qalkedonis 

kreba Tavis sarwmunoebriv gansazRvrebebSi ambobs, rom 

RmerTi-sityva ganxorcielda da gankacda, romelic aris ufali 

Cveni ieso qriste, xolo epistole maT, vinc am swavlebas iziarebs, 

eretikosebsa da apolinaristebs uwodebs. qalkedonis 

kreba aswavlis, rom wmida qalwuli mariami RmrTismSobeli 

iyo, epistole ki uaryofs, rom wmida qalwuli RmrTismSobelia. 

qalkedonis kreba ambobs, rom igi yove lmxriv emxroboda 

efesos krebas, epistole ki kicxavs mas. 

sabolood krebam SeaCvena Teodore momsuesteli da misi 

Txzulebebi, xolo ori piri _ Teodorite kvireli da iba edeseli 

_ Seiwyala; ase, rom pirvelis mxolod ramdenime Txzuleba 

da meoris erTi werili SeaCvena. 

aRmosavleTSi, sadac sami Tavis gansjis Sesaxeb Tavidanve 

Tanxmoba iyo, mexuTe msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebebs winaaRmdegoba 

ar Sexvedria. dasavleTSi ki saqme sxvagvarad 

warimarTa. dasavleTi manamdec da mexuTe msoflio krebis 

drosac sami Tavis gansjas gadaWriT ewinaaRmdegeboda, TviT 

papic ki meryeobda, ganekicxa Tu ara isini; amitom dasavleTSi 

mexuTe msoflio krebam wina oTxi msoflio krebis Tanaswori 

avtoriteti maSinve ver moipova. mTeli naxevari saukune 

gavida, vidre sami Tavis damcvelebi mexuTe msoflio krebas 

aRiarebdnen. romis papebma am saqmeSi Tavi gamoiCines. TviT 

papi vigiliusi, romelic krebis drosac ki sami Tavis mimarT 

simpaTiiT iyo ganwyobili, krebis Semdeg maTi Tanamdgomi gaxda, 

vinc sami Tavis gansjas moiTxovda. aseve moiqca pirvelad misi 

taxtis memkvidre papi pelagi; igi erT epistoleSi SeniSnavs: 

`xangrZlivi muSaobisa da Seuracxyofamde misul paeqrobaSi 

ganvlili didi xnis Semdeg, gamoiZies ra WeSmariteba, dasavleTis 

episkoposebi mainc SeTanxmdnen sami Tavis gansjis sakiTxSi~. 

pelagi am winaaRmdegobebis mizezad laTinebis mier berZnuli 

enis ucodinarobas asaxelebs, ris gamoc isini didi xnis ganmavlobaSi 

araswori informaciiT xelmZRvanelobdnen. dabolos, 

papi grigoli didi (VI s. bolo) sami Tavis SemorCenil damcvelebs 

ebrZoda, romelnic Soreuli irlandiis episkoposebi 

iyvnen. grigolis papobis Semdeg dasa vleTSi mexuTe msoflio 

krebis avtoritetic pirveli oTxi msoflio krebis Tanasworad 

ganmtkicda.

46 VI krebis 


47 

meeqvse msoflio saeklesio krebis win 

(monoTelitoba da marTlmadideblobis damcvelebi) 

meSvide saukunis eresiÿ_ÿmonoTelitoba uSualo kavSirSia 

monofizitobasTan. Tumca eklesiis mier monofizitobas ukve 

didi xnis (V s.) winaT hqonda ganaCeni gamotanili, magram VI-VII 

ss-Sic mas mravali mimdevari hyavda. 

monoTelitebi amtkicebdnen, rom qristeSi erTi neba da erTi 

RmrTeebrivi qmedebaa, xolo RmerTkacis adamianur nebasa da 

moqmedebas ar cnobdnen. aseTi gadasvla monofizitobidan monoTelitobaSi 

bunebrivia. sinamdvileSi monofizituri swavleba 

qristes erTi (RmrTeebrivi) bunebis Sesaxeb da misi kacobrivi 

bunebis uaryofa, TavisTavad qristes erTi (RmrTeebrivi) nebis 

aRiarebasa da misi adamianuri nebis uaryofasac niSnavda. erT 

bunebas aucileblad erTi neba unda hqonoda. TviT marTlmadidebelTa 

Sorisac aRmoCndnen iseTebi, romlebic araswori 

msjelobiT monoTelitobis aRiarebamde midiodnen da umecrebis 

gamo eklesiis dogmatur gansazRvrebebs ver iTvaliswinebdnen. 

nestorianobasTan da monofizitobasTan brZolaSi eklesiam 

xom Tavisi marTlmadidebluri swavleba gamoxata: nestorianobis 

sawinaaRmdegod RmerTkacis erTi piri (hipostasi) 

daamtkica, xolo monofizitobis sawinaaRmdegod _ qristes orbunebovneba. 

maTi mcdari azriT ki: ùfali Cveni ieso qriste 

ganxorcielebis Semdegac erTi piri da erTi hi postasia sruly 

ofili ori bunebiTÿ_ÿSeurwymelad da ganuyoflad; orive 

bunebis Tavisebureba erT pirsa da erT hipostasSi SeerTda; 

amitom Cven qristes axali saxiT, xorcieli survilebisa da adamianuri 

gulisTqmis gareSe, vaRiarebT da masSi erT hipostasur 

nebasa da qmedebas vcnobT~. magram es mo noTelitoba iyo da ara 

WeSmaritiÿ_ marTlmadidebluri swav le ba, Tumca ki igi msoflio 

eklesiis swavlebidan gamohyavdaT. swori eklesiuri swavleba 

ki qristes ori nebis (RmrTeebrivisa da adamianuris) aRiarebaSi 

mdgomareobda: Tuki qristeSi ori srulyofili bunebaa 

yvela sakuTari TvisebiT, maSin, cxadia, am or bunebas Tav-Tavisi 

RmrTeebrivi da adamianuri nebac eqneba, sxvagvarad isini arasrulyofilni 

da aucilebel Tvisebebs moklebulni iqnebodnen. 

monoTelitobam farTo gavrceleba mxolod iraklis im- 

peratorobis dros moipova, romelmac am mwvaleblobis saSualebiT 

imperiis politikuri erTobis ganmtkiceba ganizraxa. 

imperators surda monofizitebi marTlmadideblobasTan 

Se e rigebina. igi imedovnebda, rom Tuki monofizitebTan raime 

daTmobaze wavidoda da eklesiSi qristes erTi nebis Sesaxeb 

swavlebas Seitanda, amiT isini dakmayofildebodnen da marTlmadideblur 

sazogadoebas dauaxlovdebodnen. amave dros, mas 

gulubryvilod sjeroda, rom amgvari daTmobiT arc marTlmadideblobis 

ZiriTadi Sexedulebebi daziandeboda. imperator 

iraklis am saqmianobaSi konstantinepolis patriarqi sergic 

xels uwyobda; masTan erTad mTavari moqmedi piri kolxeTis 

mitropoliti kvirosic 11 yofila. 

monofizitebisa da marTlmadideblebis SeerTebis gziT Tavisi 

politikuri miznebis gansaxorcieleblad, imperatorma egvipteSi 

monoTelituri unia SemoiRo (633 w.), sadac am dros aleqsandriis 

patriarqad ukve kvirosi iyo dadgenili. aleqsandriaSi unias 

aTasobiT monofiziti miemxro. kvirosma sarwmunoebis aRsareba 

gamosca, romelic TiTqos Semrigebluri xasiaTisa iyo, magram 

rogori misaRebic ar unda yofiliyo mono fizitebisaTvis, mar- 

Tlmadideblebs ver daakmayofilebda. magaliTad, aRsarebaSi 

aseTi gamonaTqvamebi iyo aRreuli: qristeSi miviCnevT ori nebis 

SeerTebas `fizikurad (azri monofizi turia) da hipostasurad 

(azri marTlmadidebluria)~; qriste òri bunebiT ganiWvriteba~ 

(azri monofizituria); kidev: `ganxorcielebuli RmerTi-sityva 

erTi bunebisaa~ (sruli monof.), qr isteSi èrTi Sezavebuli hipostasia~ 

(sruli marTlm.); `qri ste evno rogorc erTi, aseve meore 

bunebiTac~ (monofiz.) da kvlav monoTelituri swavleba: èrTi da 

igive qriste da Ze RmrTisa, imas, rac RmrTisa da kacis Sesabamisia, 

iqmoda erTi Rme rTmamakacebri 12 qmedebiT~. 

11 dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis kvirosis pirovneba SeiZleba kvlevis 

obieqtad iqces, mas Cveni wyaro kolxeTis monofizit mitropolitad ixseniebs 

VII s. 20-ian wlebSi; SemdegSi igi aleqsandriis patriarqi gamxdara. 

12 gamoTqma `RmerTmamakacebri~ (Богомужное) qmedeba, rogorc etyoba, 

monoTelitur swavlebas gamoxatavs; monofizitebma igi dionise areopagelis 

saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebidan aiRes, magram masSi cru 

azri Cades, gansxvavebuli im mniSvnelobisgan, romelic mas dasaxelebul 

TxzulebebSi hqonda.

48 VI krebis 


49 

cxadia, marTlmadideblebisTvis amgvar azrebze dafuZnebuli 

uniis gaziareba SeuZlebeli iyo. Sexeda ra patriarqma sergim 

marTlmadidebelTa damokidebulebas eretikuli swavlebisadmi, 

poziciis gasaZliereblad romis pap honoriusTan daamyara 

urTierToba. honoriusi gamoucdeli RmrTismetyveli aRmoCnda 

da sergis mier dagebul eretikul badeSi advilad gaixlarTa. 

male papma honoriusmac Tavisi Tavi mo no Telitad gamoacxada. 

eklesiaSi Seqmnili mRelvarebis dasacxrobad 638 wels imperatorma 

iraklim gamosca brZaneba, romelic qristes ori da 

erTi nebis Sesaxeb davas krZalavda da marTebulad erTi nebis 

Sesaxeb swavlebas aRiarebda. iraklis imperatorobis wlebma 

davasa da mousvenrobaSi gaiara; eklesiaSi mSvidoba dairRva. 

aseT mdgomareobaSi gamefda axali imperatori konstanti II, 

romelmac winamorbedis gza gaagrZela da monoTelitobis gasamarjveblad 

axali religiuri brZaneba gamosca, romelic davis 

gamomwvevs qonebis CamorTmeviTa da gadasaxlebiT emuqreboda 

da romliTac eretikul partias Tavisi uf lebebis ganmtkiceba 

da marTlmadideblobis Seviwroeba hqonda ganzraxuli. am 

droebas Tanamedrove ase aRwers: ìerarqebi eresiarqebad 

iqcnen da nacvlad mSvidobisa SfoTi SehqondaT xalxSi, eklesiis 

yanaSi xorblis magier RvarZls Tesdnen; Rvino (WeSmariteba) 

Seuries wyals (eress) da moyvass mRvrie narevs asmevdnen; 

mgeli batknad miiCneoda da batkani mglad; sicrue iTvleboda 

WeSmaritebad da WeSmariteba sicrued; biwiereba STanTqmas 

upirebda keTilmsaxurebas. eklesiis yvela saqme daixlarTa~. 

am dros marTlmadideblobas monoTelitobisagan mTavar 

damcvelad ierusalimis patriarqi wm. sofroni gamouCnda. igi 

marTlmadideblur swavlebas saocari siZlieriTa da naTeli 

gansazRvrebebiT gadmoscemda. sxva patriarqebisadmi dagzavnil 

epistoleebSi sofroni werda: vaRiarebT ra qristes 

RmrTeebrivi da kacobrivi bunebis mqoned, Cven vqadagebT, rom 

igi RmerTicaa da kacic; ori bunebiT Sezavebuli, da mrCoblia 

bunebebTan damokidebulebaSi da bunebrivad aRasrulebs imas, 

rac damaxasiaTebelia rogorc erTi da aseve meore bunebisaTvis, 

erTisa da meorisaTvis niSandoblivi arsebiTi TvisebebiTa 

da bunebrivi Taviseburebebis ZaliT. bunebaTa oroba 

moqmedebis orobaSi gamoixateba: èmanueli, iyo ra erTi, da 

erTi da igiveÿ_ÿerTica da meorec, anu RmerTica da kacic, WeSmaritad 

aRasrulebs rogorc erTi, aseve meore bunebisTvis 

damaxasiaTebel qmedebas; erTs _ erTgvarad da meoresÿ_ sxvagvarad. 

rogorc RmerTi RmrTeebriv qmedebas aRasrulebda, 

rogorc adamianiÿ_ÿadamianurs~. epistolesTvis gansakuTrebiT 

niSandoblivia, rom sofroni mono Telitebs pirdapir ar asaxelebs, 

pirovnebebs simdabliT gve rds uvlis da WeSmaritebis 

dasacavad dgeba. magram mahmadianTa batonobam mas didxans ver 

SeaZlebina rwmenis sadarajoze yofna, ierusalimis eklesia 

qristianul aRmosavleTTan kavSirs mowyda. wm. sofroni 640 

wels gardaicvala. 

sofronis Semdeg marTlmadideblobis samsaxurSi dgeba wm. 

maqsime aRmsarebeli. mas Tavidan imperatoris mdivnis maRali 

saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba eWira, Semdeg ki berad aRikveca da 

konstantinepolis erT-erTi monastris iRumeni gaxda. marTalia, 

maqsimes dabali ierarqiuli xarisxi hqonda, magram episkoposebTan 

msjelobis drosac ki Tavisi sibrZniT yvelaze 

maRla idga. mas Semdeg, rac konstantinepoli mono TelitobiT 

dasneulda, maqsimem dedaqalaqi datova da xan afrikasa da xan 

romSi cxovrobda. sayuradReboa misi paeqroba konstantinepolis 

yofil patriarq pirosTan (afrikaSi 645 w.); marTlmadideblobis 

damcvel maqsimesa da monoTelitobis damcvel piross 

Soris kamaTi sajarod gaimarTa, romelsac TviT provinciis 

mefis nacvali da mravali episkoposi daeswro. 

Sexvedraze dialogi pirosma daiwyo: `ra gagikeTeT me da 

Cemma wi namorbedma (patriarqma sergim) iseTi, rom yvelgan 

eretikosebad gamogyavarT?~ÿ_ÿmaqsime: `mas Semdeg, rac Tqven 

SeryveniT qristianuli swavleba, me Tavi valdebulad Ca vTvale 

TqvenTan keTili damokidebulebis SenarCunebas WeSmariteba 

merCia. Tqveni swavleba erTi nebis Sesaxeb qristianobis 

sawinaaRmdegoa, radgan mkrexelobaa, roca amtkicebT, rom 

is neba, romelmac yovelive Seqmna, gankacebis Semdeg Wamasa 

da smas eswrafoda~.ÿ_ÿpirosi: `Tu qriste erTi piria, maSin 

mas surs is, rac erT pirs. aqedan gamomdinare, masSi mxolod 

erTi nebaa~.ÿ_ÿmaqsime: ès aRrevaa. marTalia, qriste erTia 

hipostasurad, magram amave dros igi RmerTi da adamiania da 

Tuki bunebaTa orobas erT qristeSi ganyofa ar Seaqvs, es ar

50 VI kreba 


51 

niSnavs imas, rom nebisa da qmedebis orobam aseT erTianobamde 

migviyvanos~.ÿ_ÿpirosi: `moqmedebebs, nestoris swavlebiT, pire 

bi Seesabameba; amitom Tqven ori qmedebis swavlebiT nestorianobaSi 

vardebiT~.ÿ_ÿmaqsime: ùpirveles yovlisa, nestori 

qristeSi ori piris aRiarebiT mxolod erT nebas uSvebda; 

magram isec rom yofiliyo, rogorc Sen ambob, rom pirebi moqmedebebs 

Seesabameba, maSin piriqiTac unda iyos, pirebsac unda 

Seesabamebodes qmedebani; da Tuki asea, maSin Sen samebaSi sami 

piris gamo sami qmedeba unda cno, da masSi erTi qmedebis gamo 

mxolod erTi piri unda miiCnio~... 

mTeli paeqrobis ganmavlobaSi maqsime gansakuTrebuli gam- 

WriaxobiT uaryofda monoTelitur swavlebas da gadauWrel 

winaaRmdegobebSi amxelda maT Sexedulebebs. `Tuki qris tes 

erT qmedebas iRebT, rogori unda iyos igi,ÿRmrTeebrivi Tu 

kacobrivi, Tu arc erTi da arc meore?~ÿ_ÿkiTxulobda maqsime. 

`Tuki RmrTeebrivia, maSin gamodis, rom qriste mxolod RmerTi 

iyo; Tuki adamianuria, maSin is iyo mxolod adamiani; Tuki misi 

qmedeba arc RmrTeebrivia da arc adamianuri, maSin qriste arc 

RmerTi iyo da arc adamiani~. Semdeg: `ras daarqmev, Sen, am erT 

qmedebas, _ ekiTxeboda maqsime, _ Seqmnils Tu Seuqmnels? Tu 

Seqmnils (Sobils), maSin erTi qmedeba unda miekuTvnos mxolod 

qristes Seqmnil bunebas; meore SemTxvevaSi igi unda miuTiTebdes 

mxolod mis Seuqmnel (WeSmarit-RmrTeebriv) bunebaze; magram rogor 

SeiZleba Seqmnili bunebis qmedeba Seuqmneli bunebis qmedeba 

iyos da piriqiT~. maqsimes upiratesoba aSkara iyo. 

maqsimesTan erTad cru swavlebas romis papi wm. martinec 

ebrZoda. man xelisuflebisagan mravali Seuracxyofa, sapyrobileebSi 

Treva da tanjva-wameba gadaitana, da sabolood 655 w. 

gadasaxlebaSi amoxda suli. pap martinesTan erTad Se pyrobil 

iqna maqsimec. igi konstantinepolSi Caiyvanes, yovelgvari gansjis 

gareSe gaasamarTles, xaris ZarRvebiT awames, ena Ziramde 

amoglijes da marjvena xeli mokveTes; ase dasaxiCrebuli maqsime 

konstantinepolis mravalricxovan kvartlebSi gaatares. amis 

Semdeg ki kolxeTSi gadaasaxles, sadac aRasrula kidec Tavisi 

mravaltanjuli cxovreba. 13 

iraklisa da konstantis mTeli mefobis ganmavlobaSi, ro- 

melic xangrZlivi gamodga (pirveli 610-641 ww., meore 641-669 ww.), 

marTlmadideblobasTan brZola ar damcxrala, magram mizani, 

risTvisac ibrZodnen, ar xorcieldeboda. brZolis Sedegi mxolod 

eklesiis saqmeebis areva iyo. keTilgoniereba iTxovda 

saero xerxebis uaryofas, romliTac TiTqos eklesiis erTobis 

miRweva surdaT, maSin roca, eklesiis dasamSvideblad isev 

eklesiisaTvis unda miemarTaT. am keTili azris ganxorcielebas 

Seudga swored axali imperatori konstantine pogonati. man 

gadawyvita eklesiis mTavrebi da samRvdeloeba WeSmaritebis 

gasarkvevad Seekriba. 

meeqvse msoflio saeklesio kreba 


am krebas, romelic imperatorma konstantine pogonatma moiwvia, 

eswrebodnen: konstantinepolis patriarqi giorgi, antioqiis 

patriarqi makari, aleqsandriis patriarqs warmoadgenda 

xucesi petre, xolo ierusalimisasÿ_ÿxucesi Teodore. papis 

warmogzavnilebi Teodore da giorgi xucesebi da diakoni ioane 

iyvnen. sul krebas 153 episkoposi an maTi warmomadgeneli daeswro. 

sxdomebis umetes nawils TviT imperatoric eswreboda. 

kreba sasaxlis im darbazSi Catarda, romelsac kamariseburi 

Weris gamo trulis darbazi ewodeboda. sul 18 sxdoma Catarda, 

rasac TiTqmis weliwadi dasWirda. 

krebis saqmianoba or nawilad iyofa: erTi mxriv, yuradRebiTa 

da dawvrilebiT iqna gamokvleuli monoTeliti eretikosebis 

cru swavleba, xolo meore mxriv, krebam jerovani 

gamo rkvevis safuZvelze mwvaleblobis sawinaaRmdegod mimar- 

Tuli marTlmadidebluri swavleba gadmosca. 

monoTelitobis ZiriTadi damcveli antioqiis patriarqi 

makari iyo, romelsac Tavidan konstantinepolis patriarqi 

giorgic TanaugrZnobda. roca krebam makaris misi swavlebis 

damamtkicebeli sabuTis warmodgena mosTxova, man mesame 

__________________________ 

13 cnobebi Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis 

Sesaxeb `wamebis~ teqstTan erTad ix.: k. kekeliZe, etiudebi III, Tb., 1955. 

gv. 271-310.

52 VI kreba 


53 

msoflio krebis oqmidan kirile aleqsandrieli daimowma, romelic 

TiTqos monoTelitobas asabuTebda: ùfali Cveni ieso 

qri ste... misgan mefeni mefoben da Zlierni qmnian simarTles, 

ro gorc naTqvamia werilSi, radgan neba misi yovlisSemZlea~. 

makarim wamoiZaxa: ài, Cemi mtkiceba, rom qristeSi erTi nebaa!~ 

kreba ki ambobda: `wm. kiriles, am sityvebis werisas, mxolod 

RmrTeebrivi buneba hqonda mxedvelobaSi, romelic saerToa 

mamisTvisac da suliwmidisTvisac da amitomac yovlisSemZlea. 

ieso qristes RmrTeebriv bunebaze saubrisas, kirilem nebasac, 

romelic am bunebas ekuTvnoda, yovlisSemZle uwoda. aq laparaki 

ar aris imaze, qristeSi neba erTia Tu ori~. monoTelitobis 

samxileblad papi leonis epistoledan erTi adgili waikiTxes: 

èrTica da meore bunebac urTierTkavSiriT bunebisTvis 

damaxasiaTebel moqmedebebs avlens: sityva moqmedebs ise, rogorc 

damaxasiaTebelia sityvisaTvis, sxeuli ki ise, rogorcÿ_ 

ÿsxeulisaTvis, erTi maTgani saswaulebiT brwyinavs, meore ki 

damcirebas ganicdis~. eretikuli Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare 

makari am adgils Taviseburad kiTxulobda: `me or moqmedebas 

ar vaRiareb da ara mgonia, rom wm. leoni am sityvebSi or 

moqmedebaze laparakobdes~. roca mas sTxoves, ufro naTlad 

ganemarta, rasac ambobda, makarim upasuxa: `me ar vTvli saWirod, 

rom vimsjelo~. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom makari Tavisi monoTelituri swavlebis 

meryeobasa da usafuZvlobas mTeli sicxadiT xedavda, ukan mainc 

ar ixevda. mas sicilieli beri Teofane SeekamaTa da hkiTxa: 

`hqonda Tu ara ieso qristes adamianuri neba?~ _ makari: `Cven 

qristeSi adamianur nebas ar vuSvebT, RmrTeebrivs _ ki, amave 

dros xorcieli survilebisa da adamianuri gulisTqmis gareSe; 

neba qristeSi mxolod RmrTeebas ekuTvnoda~; _ Teofane: 

`rogor gesmiT xorcieli survili da adamianuri gulisTqma, 

romelsac qristeSi ar aRiarebT?~ÿ_ÿmakari: `xorcieli survilebi 

da adamianuri gulisTqmani Cvennairi adamianebisTvisaa 

damaxasiaTebeli da qristeSi ar iyo~. Teofane sruliad 

daeTanxma, rom kacobrivi zraxvebi , anu codvili survilebi da, 

erTi sityviT, yvelaferi is, ramac ki adamiani codviT dacemis 

Semdeg daamZima, qristeSi ar iyo, magram amave dros SeniSna, rom 

saqme exeba qristes ara im adamianur nebas, romelic codvil 

adamianSia, aramed im nebas, romelic adamSi codviT dacemamde 

iyo. aseTi neba ki qristeSi aucileblad unda yofiliyo, radgan 

man sruli adamianuri buneba SeiTvisa. aseTi Zlieri argumentisagan 

rom Tavi daeRwia, makarim, romelsac jiutad ar surda 

qristeSi adamianuri nebis aRiareba adamis codviT dacemamdec, 

Teofanes SekiTxvas _ hqonda Tu ara adams bunebrivi nebaÿ_ 

ÿupasuxa: àdams TviTneburi da Tavisufali neba hqonda imitom, 

rom danaSaulamde mas RmrTeebrivi neba hqonda, surda is, rac 

surda RmerTs~. am sa kvirveli azris sawinaaRmdegod mTelma 

krebam xma aRimaRla: `rogori uSveri RmrTisgmobaa! Tuki adams 

dacemamde RmrTeebrivi neba gaaCnda, maSin gamodis, rom igi 

RmerTis erTarsi iyo da misi neba ucvlelia. da Tuki es asea, 

ma Sin rogorRa Seicvala, rogor daarRvia mcneba da rogorRa 

ganicada sikv dili? RmrTeebrivi nebis mqone ucvlelia~. 

kreba Teofanes daeTanxma. makaris arc ise mcirericxovani 

eretikuli Txzulebebis ganxilvisa da gansjisaTvis krebas bevri 

muSaoba mouxda. yuradRebas iqcevs misi aRiareba, romelSic 

mwvaleblis ZiriTadi Sexedulebebia gadmocemuli da amave 

dros Cans, Tu riT gansxvavdebian isini monofizitobisgan. makari 

werda: `Cven ar vambobT, rom qristes sxeuli RmrTeebriv 

bunebad gadaiqca; SeerTebis Semdeg bunebiTi gansxvaveba sulac 

ar ispoba, ufro metic,ÿ_ÿorive bunebis Tavisebureba erT 

pirsa da erT hipostasSia Senar Cune bu li~, _ÿda eretikosebs: 

apolinars, evtiqisa da dioskores pirdapir SeaCvenebda. makaris 

eretikuli swavlebis safuZvels Rme rTkacis piris, anu 

hipostasis marTlmadidebluri swavlebis araswori ganmarteba 

warmoadgens. es misi àRiarebis~ Semdegi adgilebidanac Cans: 

`SeuZlebelia, rom erT qriste RmerTSi erTdroulad ori neba 

iyos, gind urTierTsawinaaRmdego da gind savsebiT erTnairi. 

eklesiis swavleba gadmogvcems, rom uflis sxeuli, masTan 

SeerTebuli sityva-RmerTis brZanebis gareSe, sakuTar bunebriv 

moZraobas calke da sakuTari mizanswrafviT arasodes ar 

asrulebs; pirdapir rom vTqvaT: iseve rogorc Cveni sxeuli 

imarTeba, irTveba da wesrigdeba gonieri da moazrovne sulis 

mier, aseve ufal qristeSic mTel mis adamianur Semadgenlobas 

yovelTvis da yvelaferSi TviT sityvis RmrTeebrioba 

marTavs~. am ukanaskneli mosazrebidan gamomdinare, makari

54 VI kreba 


55 

Tavis monoTelitur swavlebas sworad miiCnevda. `ganxorcielebuli 

RmerTi-sityva, _ ambobs igi, _ ar aRasrulebs arc 

RmrTeebrivsÿ_ÿrogorc RmerTi da arc adamianursÿ_ÿrogorc 

adamiani, aramed raRac axal, RmerTkacis qmedebas da mTel am 

qmedebas cxovelmyofelobiT avlens. igi Cvens xsnas mxolod 

RmrTeebrivi nebiT aRasrulebs~. am werilobiT aRiarebas makari 

sityvierad amatebs: `me ver vityvi, rom Cveni ufali ieso 

qristes ganxorcielebis gangebulebaSi ori bunebrivi neba an 

ori bunebrivi qmedeba iyos, Tundac rom nawil-nawil amkuwon 

da zRvaSi gadamagdon~. Semdeg makarim sami gragnili warmoadgina. 

kreba iZulebuli Seiqna, rom mwvaleblis mier mamaTa 

swavlebidan moxmobili adgilebi dedniseuli teqstebisTvis 

Seedarebina, ris Sedegadac aRmoCnda, rom mas mamaTa mowmobani 

mTlian teqstTan daukavSireblad da arasrulad hqonda warmodgenili. 

roca kreba makaris SeekiTxa, wm. mamaTa teqstebis 

damowmebis dros saWiro adgilebi ratom gamotova, utifrad 

ganacxada, rom man mxolod is adgilebi moiyvana, romelnic 

Tavisi swavlebis dasamtkiceblad sWirdeboda. radgan krebam 

makaris sijiutesTan veraferi gaawyo, xarisxi CamoarTva da 

SeaCvena igi. imperators gadaeca Txovna, makaris konstantinepolidan 

gaZevebis Taobaze. mis adgilze antioqiis patriarqad 

Teofane iqna dadgenili. roca makaris gragnilis siyalbis 

mxilebis Semdeg usafuZvloba monoTelitobisa cxadi gaxda, am 

partiis zogierTma wevrma mxari marTlmadideblebs dauWira 

da krebas `sarwmunoebis aRsareba~ warudgina. isini eklesiis 

namdvil wevrebad cnes. 

monoTelitur cru swavlebas agreTve beri poliqroniosic 

icavda. imis dasamtkiceblad, rom WeSmariti rwmena hqonda, 

ganacxada, rom mkvdars aRadgenda. rasakvirvelia, es oini iyo, 

magram kreba mis winadadebas mainc daTanxmda. yvelani moedanze 

Seikribnen. ra Tqma unda, saswauli ar momxdara da xalxma axali 

simon mogvis SeCveneba moiTxova. macdunebelsa da aSkara mwvalebels 

wmida xarisxi CamoerTva. 

ukanaskneli eretikosi, visTanac krebas piradad mouxda 

dapirispireba, sirieli xucesi konstantine iyo. igi ori nebis 

magier, xmarobda gamoTqmas: ori Tviseba. sxvaTa Soris mas hkiTxes: 

è. i. jvarcmis Semdeg adamianurma bunebam qriste datova?~ 

konstantinem upasuxa: `masTan adamianuri buneba ar darCenila, 

aramed igi xorcTan da sixlTan erTad ganSorda, radganac 

aRar hqonda saWiroeba eWama, esva, sZineboda da ev lo~. bundovani 

pasuxis miuxedavad gamodioda, rom igi Tundac droebiT 

(Sobidan jvarcmamde), magram qristes ori nebis ar sebobas mainc 

uSvebda. konstantines hkiTxes, qristeSi erTi nebis arsebobas 

saidan amtkicebda, Tuki mas vnebamde RmrTeebrivi nebaca da adamianuri 

nebac gaaCnda. man upasuxa: `Tumca qristeSi RmrTeebrivi 

nebis garda adamianuric iyo, magram igi ukve masSi aRar aris. 

qristem igi datova da sisxlsa da xorcTan erTad ganiZarcva~. 

konstantines monoTelitoba eWvs ar iwvevda, mxolod imis 

garkveva iyo saWiro, Tu `rad darCa qristes xorci da sisxli?~ 

konstantinem am kiTxvasac bundovani pasuxi gasca: `qristem igi 

ganiZarcva~.ÿ_ÿkreba isev SeekiTxa: `da sxeulTan erTad adamianuri 

nebac ganiZarcva?~ ko nstantinem da amowma: `diax, batonebo, 

nebac~. eretikosi Se Cvenebul iqna. 

krebam monoTelitobis moTaveebis: sergis, honoriusis, 

pirosisa da kvirosis naSromebic ganixila. gamoiZies da sapatriarqo 

biblioTekidan gamoitanes monoTelituri naSro mebi 

da rogorc sulisTvis mavne swavlebani cecxls misces isini. 

biblioTekaSi agreTve aRmoaCines mexuTe msoflio kre bis 

saqmeebSi Cadebuli nayalbevi monoTelituri Sinaarsis dokumentebi, 

maSin roca, mexuTe krebis dros (VI s-Si) nebelobis 

Sesaxeb sakiTxic ki ar dasmula. am saqmeSi mxilebulma, antioqiis 

patriarqis, makaris mowafem, giorgim, aRiara, rom es yalbi 

CanarTebi makarisa da stefanesgan modioda. 

gadavideT krebis saqmianobis meore nawilis mimoxilvaze. 

mas Semdeg, roca krebam yvela monoTelituri Txzuleba 

guldasmiT ganixila, saWiro iyo eresis sawinaaRmdegod mar- 

Tlmadideblobis WeSmaritebis gamocxadeba, rac VI msoflio 

krebis gvirgvins warmoadgenda. sarwmunoebis gansazRvrebas 

meSvide saukunis ori SesaniSnavi RmrTismetyveluri Txzuleba 

daedo safuZvladÿ_ÿierusalimis patriarqis sofronis sazogado 

epistole da papi agaTonis epistole, romelic man VI 

msoflio krebis mamebs gaugzavna. sofronis swavlebas wina 

TavSi gavecaniT, axla ki agaTonis ramdenime SesaniSnav na azrevs 

warmovadgenT: `vaRiarebT, rom qristes TiToeul bu nebas Ta

56 VI kreba 


57 

visi bunebrivi Tvisebebi aqvs, RmrTeebrivs yvela Rm r Teebrivi 

Tviseba, adamianurs kiÿ_ÿyvela adamianuri, garda codvisa. magram 

vaRiarebT ra erT ufal iesoSi or bunebas, or bunebriv 

nebas, Cven ar vaswavliT, rom isini erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegoa 

da mtruli, rogorc amas WeSmaritebis gzidan gadacdenilni 

mociqulTa gadmocemas abraleben; ar vaswavl iT, rom TiTqos 

isini or pirad an hipostasad iyvnen gayof i lni, aramed vambobT, 

rom erTsa da imave ufal qristeSi aris ro gorc ori 

buneba, aseve ori bunebrivi neba da qmedeba, anu RmrTeebrivi 

da kacobrivi, rom RmrTeebrivi neba da qmedeba mas dasabamidan 

saerTo aqvs erTarsi mamisa, kacobrivi ki mi iRo Cvengan Cvens 

bunebasTan erTad droSi. rogorc erT qris teSi SeerTebuli 

bunebani oria, aseve WeSmaritad oria ma Ti qmedebac, romlebic 

TavTavianTi bunebiT erTi da imave uf ali ieso qristesTvisaa 

damaxasiaTebeli~. Semdeg: `roca amtkiceben, rom qristeSi 

erTi nebaa (rac uazrobaa), maSin aucilebelia, rom amis damamtkiceblebma 

igi an RmrTeebrivad, an adamianurad, an orivesgan 

Sedgeniladÿ_ÿSereulad da Serwy mu lad miiCnion, an (rogorc 

yvela eretikosi aRiarebs) unda CaTvalon,rom qristes erTi 

neba da erTi qmedeba erTi Sedgenili bunebidan gamomdinare 

aqvs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, aq is bunebrivi gansxvaveba ispoba, romlis 

SenarCunebac aucilebelia, rogorc es wm. krebebma daamtkices 

da misi dacva sak virveli SeerTebis Semdegac gvibrZanes. 

Tumca isini aswavlidnen, rom qriste erTia da erTia misi piri 

anu hipostasi, swored bunebaTa hipostasuri SeerTebis mizeziT, 

magram amave dros gvaswavles, rom TviT bunebaTa gansxvaveba 

SevicnoT da viqadagoT. amrigad, Tuki erTsa da imave ufal 

ieso qriste Si bunebaTa Tvisebebi gansxvavebis mizeziT SenarCunebulia, 

maSin misi bunebiTi nebelobebis gansvavebis aRiareba 

saWiroa mTeli rwmeniT, raTa qristes eklesiaSi araviTari 

eretikuli siaxle ar davuSvaT~. 

VI krebaze miRebuli sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvreba ase 

gamoiTqmis: 

wmida mamaTa swavlebis Tanaxmad vaRiarebT, rom masSi (qri - 

s teSi) ori bunebrivi ndoma anu nebaa ganuyoflad, uc vlelad, 

ganuyrelad, Seurwymelad da ara urTierTsawi na aRmdego ori 

neba, rogorc amas biwieri eretikosebi am bobdnen, da nurc iqneba! 

magram misi adamianuri neba uT mobs, ar ewinaaRmdegeba an win ar 

aRudgeba, aramed emo rCileba mis RmrTeebrivsa da yo vlisSemZle 

nebas. vamtki cebT, rom erTsa da imave Cvens uf al ieso qristeSi, 

Cvens WeSmarit RmerTSi, ori bunebrivi qmedebaa ganuyoflad da 

ucvlelad, ganuyrelad, Seurwymelad. Cven vaRiarebT (qristes) 

or bunebriv nebasa da qmedebas, erTmaneTSi TanxmobiT Se Tavsebulebs 

adamianTa modgmis gadasarCenad. 

imperator konstantines kiTxvas: `dae, wmida da msoflio 

krebam Tqvas, es gansazRvreba yvela episkoposis TanxmobiTaa 

miRebuli?~ mamebma upasuxes: `yvelas ase gvwams, yvela ase vfiqrobT, 

yvelam xeli movawereT TanxmobiTa da TanagrZnobiT, 

yvelas marTlmadideblurad gvwams; vinc iqadaga, qadagebs an 

iqadagebs ganxorcielebuli qriste RmerTis erT nebasa da erT 

qmedebas, anaTema!~ 

meeqvse msoflio krebasTan mWidro kavSirSia e.w. mexuTemeeqvse 

anu gumbaTis kreba, romlis gansazRvrebebi aRmosavleTis 

eklesiisTvis msoflio krebebis gansazRvrebebis Tanasworad 

iTvleba. es kreba mexuTe-meeqvsed iwodeba imitom, rom 

aq Sedgenil iqna wesebi, romelic eklesiis mdgomareo basa da 

qristianul cxovrebas exeboda da V-VI krebebis dogmaturi 

gansazRvrebebis damatebebs warmoadgenda. is trulis anu gumba- 

Tis krebad iwodeba imitom, rom konstantinepolSi, imperatoris 

sasaxlis im darbazSi Seikriba, romelic trulis anu gumbaTis 

saxels atarebda. 14 kreba Catarda imperator iustiniane II mefobis 

dros, 691 an 692 wels. mas konstantinepolis patriarqi pavle 

Tavmjdomareobda; krebas eswrebodnen aleq sandriis, antioqiisa 

da ierusalimis patriarqebi, romis papis magier kiÿ_ÿmis 

mier uflebamosili mitropo liti vasili. sul gansazRvrebebs 

213 mama awerda xels. krebis mizani imaSi mdgomareobda, rom 

V da VI msoflio krebebis gansazRvrebebi Seevso, radgan arc 

erTsa da arc meore krebaze praqtikul sakiTxebze eklesiis 

saxelmZRvanelod araviTari wesebi ar SeudgeniaT. amisi mizezi 

ki saeklesio saqmis moSla da morwmuneTa Soris religiuri 

cxovrebis dacema iyo. sul krebam 102 kanoni Seadgina. gumbaTis 

14 magaliTad: `kanonni konstantinopolis gumbadsa Sina sameufoÁsa 

palatisasa SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani~//didi sjuliskanoni, gamc. e. 

gabiZaSvili, e. giunaSvili, m. dolaqiZe, g. ninua, Tb., 1975. gv. 365.

58 VII krebis 


59 

krebis kanonebi dasavleTis eklesiam ar miiRo da msoflio 

krebaTa Tanasworad ar aRiara. amis mizezi ki isaa, rom gumbaTis 

zogierTi kanoni romis eklesiis Cveulebebisa da swavlebis 

sawinaaRmdegod iyo mimarTuli. magaliTad: a)ÿkrebam 

eklesiis saxelmZRvanelod mociqulTa 85 kanoni miiRo, xolo 

dasav leTmaÿ_ÿmxolod 50; b)ÿkrebam amxila romis eklesiis 

swavleba, romelic aucileblad Tvlida RmrTismsaxurTa dauqorwineblobas; 

g)ÿakrZala romis eklesiis mier SabaTobiT 

da wesebuli marxva; d)ÿswored romis eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod 

miiRo dadgenileba, romliTac eklesiebSi qristes kravis saxiT 

gamosaxva ikrZaleboda. amis gamo maSindelma romis papma sergim 

trulis krebis mier dadgenili wesebis xelmowerasa da 

miRebaze uari ganacxada. 

meSvide msoflio saeklesio krebis win 

(xatTmbrZolobis dasawyisi) 

xatTmbrZoloba VIII s-is dasawyisSi ganviTarda da IX s-is 

Sua wlebSi damTavrda. es mwvalebloba Tavisi istoriuli 

yofiT logikuri Sedegi iyo im davisa, romelic sazogadoebaSi 

RmerTkacis hipostasisa da nebelobaTa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT 

warmoiSva. 

xatTmbrZolebi ara TavianT Tavs, aramed xatTayvanismcemlebs 

anaTesavebdnen nestorianobasa da monofizitobasTan. 

isini acxadebdnen, rom xatTayvaniscema nestorianuli ideebis 

zegavleniT gamovlinda da ganviTarda. maTi TqmiT: `ferwera 

(religiuri) nestors gvagonebs, romelmac CvenTvis ganxorcielebuli 

erTi Ze da RmerTi-sityva or Zed ganyo~. meore mxriv, 

imave xatTmbrZolebis azriT, xatTayvaniscemis mimdevrebi monofizitur 

eresSi vardebodnen. `ferwera, _ÿsayvedurobdnen isini 

marTlmadideblebs, _ TviT dioskoresa da evtiqis gvagonebs, 

romlebic aswavlidnen, rom qristeSi erTmaneTs ori buneba 

Seerwya da Seeria. ai, fermwerma dawera qrites xati, _ ambobdnen 

TavianTi azris dasamtkiceblad xat TmbrZolebi,ÿ_ da es aris 

xati RmerTisa da adamianisa, anu aqedan gamomdinare, man Seurwymeli 

bunebani Searwya da Serwymis biwier cdomilebaSi aRmoCnda. 

aseve gmoben RmerTs xatTa Tayvanismcemlebic~. zogjer 

istorikosebi xatTmbrZo lobas monoTelitobas ukavSireben im 

mizeziT, rom bizantiis mono Telitma imperatorma filipikem sasaxlidan 

VI msoflio krebis monawile mamaTa gamosaxulebebis 

gamotana brZana; magr am es ara xatTmbrZolobis faqti, aramed 

mxolod monoTelitobis mowinaaRmdegeTa mimarT siZulvilis 

gamoxatuleba iyo, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi filipike 

yvela religiuri Sinaarsis gamosaxulebis gadayris brZanebas 

gascemda da ara mxolod VI msoflio krebis mamebisa. 

vnaxoT, xatTmbrZolobis ganviTarebas ra pirobebma Seuwyo 

xeli. Tavidan qristianebi TavianTi ideebis gamosaxatavad 

sxvadasxva simbolos sjerdebodnen, rogoric iyo xomaldi, 

qnari, mtredi an Tevzi ama Tu im qritianuli mniSvnelobiT. 

qritianuli xelovneba mxolod mesame saukunis bolos gadavida 

simboluri gamosaxvidan tipobriv gamosaxulebaze; 15 xolo IV- 

VI ss. ukve am movlenis ganmtkicebisa da gavrcelebis epoqaa. am 

drois yvela didi mama, romelmac qristianuli ganswavlulobiT 

gaiTqva saxeli, mxars uWers da xotbas asxams sxvadasxva pirisa 

da movlenis ferwerulad gamoxatvis Cveulebas, romlebic xsovnis 

Rirsni arian yoveli qristianisaTvis. mowame varlaamis 

xsenebis dRes wmida basili didi ambobs: ~axla ki warsdeqiT Cems 

winaSe saxelovano Rvawlmosilo mxatvrebo. Tqveni xelovnebiT 

SeavseT es arasruli gamosaxuleba mxedarTmTavrisa da Tqveni 

sibrZnis ferebiT gaaSuqeT Cems mier bundovnad warmodgenili 

gvirgvinosani. dae, viyo Zleuli Tqvens mier gamoxatuli 

mowamis gmiruli saqmeebiT; Sevxedav ra am mebrZols, Tqvens 

naxatze cocxlad gamosaxuls, sixaruls maniWebs fiqri Cveni 

amgvari simtkicis gamarjvebaze~. iseTi didi mamis mowodebam, 

rogoric basili iyo, imis Taobaze, rom xelovneba religiis 

saqmes momsaxureboda, qristianul sazogadoebaSi marTlac didi 

__________________________ 

15 pirveli qristianuli eklesia, gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobis gamo, 

mtrulad ganwyobil warmarTul samyaroSi (pirvel sam s-Si) xSirad 

iZulebuli iyo, WeSmariti RmerTisaTvis alegoriebis saSualebiT dafarulad 

eca Tayvani. ase mag., orfeosi, romelic qnarze dakvriT mxecebs 

aTvinierebs, qristes niSnavda, vinc Tavisi swavlebiT adamianTa gulebs 

izidavs.

60 VII krebis 


61 

gamoxmaureba hpova. rogorc wm. ioane oqropiri gvidasturebs, 

wm. meletis xatebi farTod yofila gavrcelebuli: wmindans 

Turme jamebze, beWdebze, kedlebsa da saerTod, razec ki SeiZleboda, 

yvelgan gamosaxavdnen, raTa masTan ganSorebis Semdeg 

nugeSi misi gamosaxulebis xilviT mieRoT. netari Teodorite 

imaves adasturebs svimeon mesvetes xatebis Sesaxeb. àmboben, 

rom did romSi,ÿ_ÿSeniSnavs igi,ÿ_ÿes mama imdenad ganTqmuli 

iyo, rom yoveli saxelosnos karibWeze mis patara gamosaxulebebs 

dga mdnen, radgan misgan dacvasa da mfarvelobas elodnen~. 

wm. grigol noseli abraamis mier isaakis Sewirvis amsaxvel 

gamosaxulebas cremlmoreuli uyu rebda. igi ambobs: àrc Tu 

iSviaTad vuyurebdi am tanjvis ferwerul gamosaxulebas. xe lo - 

vneba am istorias ise cocxlad warmogvidgens, rom am sanaxaobis 

gverdiT ucremlod arasodes Camivlia~. wm. kirile aleqsandrieli 

kiTxvas svams: `vin ar isurvebda enaxa dafaze asaxuli 

abraamis istoria, rogoradac ar unda gamoesaxa igi mxatvars, 

nawil-nawil Tu mTlianad?~ wmida grigol RmrTismetyveli 

erT-erT TxzulebaSi yveba gasaocar STabeWdilebaze, rogorsac 

zogjer xati axdens adamianis sulze: `viRac TavSeukavebelma 

axalgazrdam garyvnili qali miiwvia. rodesac qali Sesasvlels 

miuaxlovda da masze dasvenebul, yuradRebiT momziral wm. polemonis 

xats Sexeda, rogorc amboben, maSinve ukan gamobrunda; 

xatze gamosaxulisa ise Sercxva, rogorc cocxalis~. eklesiis 

sxva mamebi Tvlidnen, rom xatebi gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo iyo 

uwignurTa damoZRvrisaT vis. amgvari adamianebisTvis xatebi 

wignis magivrobas asru lebdnen. Cvens mier Seswavlili epoqis 

wm. mamebi mxolod xatebis sargeblobisa da mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb 

msjelobiT ar isazRvrebian, aramed pirdapir mouwodeben 

xatebis pativiscemisa da Tayvaniscemisaken. wm. basili didi 

ambobs: `mwams wmida winaswarmetyvelebisa, mociqulebisa da 

mowameebisa da movuxmob maT, raTa wardgnen RmrTis winaSe, da 

maTi meoxebiT RmerTi mowyale meyos me. amitom xatebze maT 

gamosaxulebebs pativs mivageb da Tayvansa vcem~. 

axla ki gavecnoT cnobebs xatebis mowinaaRmdegeTa Sesaxeb, 

romelTa moZRvrebac gansakuTrebiT merve saukuneSi gavrcelda. 

jer kidev IV saukuneSi, roca iseTi Rrmad moazrovne xatebis 

damcvelebi cxovrobdnen, rogorebic iyvnen basili didi, 

grigol RmrTismetyveli da grigol noseli, xatebis gamoyenebis 

pirveli mowinaaRmdegeni gamoCndnen, romelnic amave dros 

avtoritetul pirovnebebs warmoadgendnen. maTgan SeiZleba 

davasaxeloT cnobili saeklesio istorikosi, ganswavluli 

episkoposi kesariisaÿ_ÿevsebi. VIII saukunis xatTmbr Zo lobis 

istoriidan Cans, rom xatTmbrZolebi evsebis avtoritets TavianTi 

Sexedulebebis dasamtkiceblad namdvilad imowmebdnen. 

evsebis qristianobis SeuzRudveli Tvalsawie ri sa ar esmoda, 

romelic Tavisi keTilismyofeli gavlenis gaTvaliswinebiT 

TviT xelovnebis dargebis kurTxevasac ki gulisxmobs, raTa 

maTgan religiuri interesebis msaxurebisTvis sa Wiro saSualeba 

Seqmnas. imave IV saukuneSi xatTmbrZolobis saboloo 

aRiarebamde unda misuliyo ariozelTa (evnomioselTa) seqtac, 

radganac igi arc wmindanebsa da arc wm. nawilebs ar aRiarebda. 

xatTayvaniscemis sawinaaRmdego moZraoba arc Semdeg saukuneebSi 

cxreba. nestorianebs da monofizitebs, rom lebic V saukuneSi 

warmoiSvnen, xatTmbrZoluri miswrafebebis calkeuli seqtebi 

gamoeyo. amgvari miswrafebani ucxo ar iyo indoeli nestorianebisTvisac, 

romlebic Tomistebis saxeliT arian cnobilni 

(es saxelwodeba indoeTis ganmanaTlebeli mociqulis, Tomas 

saxels ukavSirdeba). isini ebrZodnen wm. kirile aleqsandriels, 

rogorc nestorianobis mTavar mowinaaRmdeges. sxvaTa Soris 

am wm. mamas xatTayvaniscemisTvisac sayvedurobdnen, Tvlidnen 

ra ratomRac kiriles xatTayvaniscemis warmoSobaSi mTavar 

damnaSaved. 

nestorianebis msgavsad zogierTi monofizituri seqtac xatTa 

Tayvanismcemlebisadmi mtrulad iyo ganwyobili. gviandeli 

drois (VI-VII ss) saeklesio mwerlebi saintereso cno bebs 

gvawvdian, saidanac SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom xatebis winaaRmdeg 

brZolas adgili xatTmbrZolobis epoqamdec hqonda. 

wmida anastasi sineli (VI s.) iZulebuli gaxda xatebis pativi 

romeliRac ucnobi mtrebisgan daecva, romlebic Tavs uflebas 

aZ lev dnen, Seuracxyofa mieyenebinaT xatebisaTvis. anastasi 

werda: `rogorc imperatoris portretis Seuracxmyofeli 

isjeba samarTlebrivi kanoniT, ise TiTqos man Seuracxyofa 

TviT imperators miayena, Tumca portreti sxva araferia Tu

62 VII krebis 


63 

ara ficari da cvilTan Sereuli saRebavebi, swo red aseve, vinc 

wmindanis gamosaxulebas Seuracxyofs, imas Seaginebs, vinc maszea 

gamosaxuli~. 

xatTmbrZolTa mtruli damokidebulebis mizezi xatebis qristianuli 

Tayvaniscemisadmi SemdegSi mdgomareobda: xatebis Seqmna 

da Tayvaniscema ar SeiZleba, radgan Zvel aRTqmaSi israels 

micemuli hqonda aRTqma, ar gaekeTebina araviTari qandakeba, 

arc xati da arc msgavsi rame imisa, rac ki casa da de damiwaze 

arsebobs; marTalia, RmerTma maT qerubimebisa da cxovelTa 

qandakebebis gakeTeba ubrZana, magram iudevelebi gansxvavebiT 

qristianebisgan am gamosaxulebebs Tayvans ar scemdnen. maTi 

azriT, qristianebi, xatis ficars iseve eTayva ne bodnen, rogorc 

RmerTs, da ara mxolod xatis ficars, aramed im adg ilebsac, sadac 

qriste dadioda, ijda, xalxs esaubre boda, an rasac Seexo; e. i. 

Tayvans scemdnen ubralo adgils, saxls, qveyanas, qalaqs, qvebs. 

da am dros aviwydebodaT, rom arcerTi qmnilebis Tayvaniscema 

ar SeiZleba. isini qristianebs wminda nawilebis pativiscemisTvisac 

dascinodnen da masxarad igdebdnen. Tuki xatTmbr- 

Zolebi dainaxavdnen, rom qristianebi qristes, yovladwmida 

deda RmrTisas, an romelime wmindanis xats emTxveodnen, maSinve, 

rogorc kerpTayvanismcemlebs, lanZRviT zurgs aqcevdnen. 

imave VII s-is saeklesio istori ko si,ÿTesalonikis episkoposi 

ioane mowmobs, rom zogierTi qristianebs xatTmbrZolobis 

gamo warmarTebs uwodebda, da maTive piriT SeniSnavs: rogor 

SeiZleba xorcielad gamoisaxos RmerTiÿ_ uxilavi, RmerTiÿ_ 

ÿsuliwmida? Tuki qristianebi Tavis gasamarTleblad ityvian, 

rom RmerTi xorcSesxmuli gancxadda, maSin ris safuZvelze 

gamosaxaven angelozebs, usxeulo sulebsa da gonier arsebebs? 

dabolos, mahmadianuri ganmgebloba, romelmac qristianul 

aRmosavleTze VII s-Si daiwyo gavrceleba, mtkiced uWerda 

mxars xatTmbrZolobas. barbarosi musulmanebis mier xatebze 

gamosaxuli saxeebisTvis Tvalebis amoCiCqna Cveulebrivi 

movlena gaxda. 

moyvanili faqtebidan Cans, rom xatTmbrZolebi xatTmbr- 

Zolobis moZraobis aRmavlobamdec (VII s.) iyvnen da im Zalas 

warmoadgendnen, romlisTvisac angariSis gaweva TviT eklesiasac 

marTebda. eklesiaSi jer kidev am moZraobis aRmavlobamde 

grZnobdnen, rom xatebs darbeva elodeboda. es winaTgrZnoba, ra 

Tqma unda, Seqmnili mdgomareobis safuZvelze gaCnda. yvelaze 

xelsayreli dro gavrcelebisTvis am mwvaleblobas imperatori 

leon isavrielis (717-741 ww.) mefobis periodSi daudga. 

dabali fenidan warmoSobil imperators ganaTlebac aklda 

da daxvewili manerebic. misi sayvareli saqme omi iyo da mis 

sazogadoebasac meomrebi Seadgendnen. mas Ti Tqos bunebiT 

hqonda is vandaluri monacemebi, romelic xatTmbrZolobisas 

gamoamJRavna. VIII s-is xatTmbrZoloba eklesiis saqmeebSi 

samoqalaqo xelisuflebis despotur SeWras warmoadgenda. 

religiur saqmeebSi sakuTari gegmebis ZaladobiT aRsruleba 

imperatori leonisTvis Cveulebrivi movlena gaxda. amaze naTlad 

metyvelebs Semdegi faqtic: taxtze asvlis meeqvse wels mas 

azrad mouvida, bizantiis samefoSi mcxovrebi iudevelebisa da 

montanistebis monaTvda da am Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad 

sxva saSualebas ver miagno garda Zaladobisa, ramac savalalo 

Sedegi gamoiRo: iudevelebma mxolod garegnulad miiRes qristianoba, 

ase rom, Tavs uflebas aZlevdnen wmida ziareba Wamis 

Semdeg mieRoT; xolo rac Seexeba montanistebs, maT ar isurves 

damorCileba da erT adgilze Sekre bi lebma cocxlad daiwves 

Tavi. amrigad, leon isavrielis pi rovnulma Tvisebebma xeli 

Seuwyves imas, rom xatTmbrZolTa xel Si igi darbevis iaraRad 

iqca. 

istoria xatTmbrZolTa winamZRolad frigiel episkopos 

konstantines asaxelebs. misi Tanamedrove eklesia pirdapir 

acxadebda, rom eresi (xatTmbrZolobisa) misgan momdinareobda. 

xatTmbrZoli ierarqebidan aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, klavdiopolis 

(mcire azia) episkoposi Toma, romelmac pirvelma 

gaanadgura xatebi Tavis eparqiaSi, im mizeziT, rom TiTqos es 

saerTo survili iyo da TiTqos am moqmedebas araviTari eWvi 

ar gamouwvevia. xatTmbrZolebis pirvel damcvelTa So ris 

moixsenebian efesos arqiepiskoposi Teodosi da sapat riarqos 

svingelozi 16 anastasi, SemdegSi patriarqi konstantinepolisa. 

rac Seexeba maRali wris warmomadgenlebs, maT damokidebulebaze 

xatTmbrZolobasTan kargad metyvelebs Semdegi faqti: 

16igive svinkeli _ bizantiis sapatriarqos saeklesio xarisxi, patriarqis 

TanaSemwe beri.

64 VII krebis 


65 

roca leonma xatebis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad senati moiwvia, 

maT imperatoris winadadeba xatebis ganadgu rebis Taobaze 

erTsulovnad miiRes. 

xatTmbrZolTa azriT, xatebis ganadgureba qristianul 

sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebul mraval crurwmenas mospobda, romelic 

xatebis TayvaniscemiT gamoixateboda. isini imedovnebdnen, 

rom xatTayvaniscemis mospobiT Tavidan aicilebdnen qristianTa 

Soris musulmanobis gavrcelebis saSiSroebas, romelic 

dRiTi dRe izrdeboda, radgan aRmosavleTis qristianul provinciebs 

ara mxolod xmali, aramed yuranic imorCilebda. kerp- 

Tayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli yurani, ro gorc 

Seuferebels monoTeisturi religiis sulisaTvis, qristianul 

xatTayvanismcemlobasac ewinaaRmdegeboda. xatT mbrZo lebis 

rwmeniT, xatebis ganadgureba ara marto qristi anebs aqcevda 

TavianTi religiis erTgulebad, aramed xels Seuwyobda 

mahmadianTa moqcevasac qristianobaze. ai, rogor sar gebels 

elodnen xatebis ganadgurebiT xatTmbrZolebi eklesiisaTvis. 

maTi SexedulebiT, es saqme saxelmwifo miznebisTvisac ga modgeboda, 

radgan qveyana savalalo mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. 

crurwmena xalxSi imdenad gavrcelda, rom zogi wm. xatebs aRmerTebda, 

mtrisgan dacvis ueWvel imedad miaCnda da Tavdacvis 

aucileblobaze saerTod aRar fiqrobda; xatTmbrZolebi ki 

xatebis winaaRmdeg im warmodgeniT iaraRdebodnen, rom xalxis 

aseTi ganwyobilebis mizezi TiTqos swored xatebi iyo, rac 

politikur miznebsac Seefereboda. aseTi Segonebani da mtkicebani 

ar SeiZleba ar Seesmina imperator leons. man, ra Tqma unda, 

kargad icoda, rom saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikuri 

mdgomareoba arasasurveli iyo. amave dros leonidan daiwyo 

axali dinastia, romelsac imperiaSi avtoritetis ganmtkiceba 

da mxardaWera sWirdeboda, xolo amisTvis riTi unda mieRwia, 

Tu ara raime gardaqmnis ganxorcielebiT? xSirad bizantiaSi 

popularobis moxveWis mizniT axali dinastia axali reformebis 

gatarebas eswrafoda; aseve unda moqceuliyo leon isavrielic. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi mecnieri leonTan garigebis 

faqts uaryofs, mainc unda aRiniSnos bizantieli mwerlebis 

cnobac imis Taobaze, rom viRac iudevelebs, romlebmac leons 

mefoba uwinas warmetyveles, misTvis piroba Ca mourTmeviaT, 

rom gamefebis Semdeg xatebs gaanadgurebda, rac leons kidevac 

aRusrulebia. 

imperatori frTxilad unda yofiliyo, radgan xatTmbr- 

Zolobas, romelsac igi saTaveSi Caudga, advili SesaZlebelia 

marcxi ganecada, sazogadoebaSi Zlieri winaaRmdegoba ga moewvia 

da didi areulobis wyarod qceuliyo. magram imperatoris 

dasamSvideblad xatTmbrZolTa partiam palestinaSi iqauri 

amiras mier ganxorcielebuli xatTmbrZoloba da imowma, romelic 

`kargad~ damTavrda. konstantinepolSi xa t TmbrZolobis 

dawyebamde sami wliT adre, amira ezidma, mis qveSevrdom yvela 

qveyanaSi xatebis ganadgurebis gankarguleba gasca. da ai, `wmida 

xatebi dawves, ferweriT damSvenebuli taZrebi nawilobriv 

gadaRebes, nawilobriv ki Camofxikes moxatuloba~. amas garda, 

man brZana, `gaenadgurebinaT aseve yvela gamosaxuleba, romelic 

ki sadme idga qalaqis moednebis dasamSveneblad~. es magaliTi 

leonisaTvis nebismier mWe v rmetyvel ur sityvaze mets niSnavda. 

man xatTmbrZolTa sasa r geblod 726 da 730 wels ori brZaneba 

gamosca, ris Semdegac marTlmadidebelTa devniTac gamoiCina 

Tavi. xatTmbrZolobis pirveli msxverpli konstantinepolis 

Rirseuli patriarqi germane Seiqna. mtkice sarwmunoebisTvis 

mravali sxva episkoposic gadaasaxles. leonis brZanebiT maRali 

warmo So biTa da codniT gamorCeuli xatTayvaniscemlebi 

tanjes da awames, mravali Seimosa mowameobrivi gvirgviniT. 

imperatoris mier miRebuli gansakuTrebuli zomebis Sedegad 

daixura konstantinepolis saRmrTismetyvelo skolebi, romlebic 

jer kidev konstantine didis dros gaixsna. leonis mefobis 

periodSi xatebis ganadgurebas Tan sastiki mrisxaneba axlda. 

igi RmrTismSoblisa da wmindanebis Tayvaniscemas uaryofda, 

xolo wmindanTa nawilebs Seuracxyofda. 

xatTmbrZolTa yovelgvar zomierebasa da keTilgonierebas 

moklebul moqmedebas gabedulad amxelda konstantinepolis 

patriarqi germane. man am sityvebiT datova kaTedra: `Tuki 

me iona var, zRvaSi gadamagdeT; magram, xelmwifev, msoflio 

krebis gareSe sarwmuneobaSi Setanil arc erT cvlilebas ar 

daveTanxmebi~. sarwmunoebisTvis TavdadebaSi patriarqs mravalma 

mihbaZa, rogorc sasuliero pirebma, ise konstantinepolis 

RmrTismosavma eriskacebmac. gamZvinvarebuli borotebis sawi

66 VII krebis 


67 

naaRmdegod krebebic gaimarTa. ase magaliTad, papi grigoli II 

dros romSi gamarTul krebaze (727 w.) damtkicda, rom Zveli 

aRTqmis skiniaSi qerubimebis arseboba qristianul taZ rebSi 

xatebis arsebobis SesaZleblobas asabuTebda. xatTmbrZolobam 

mraval adgilas ajanyebac gamoiwvia. italiaSi imperatoris 

portretebs gareT hyridnen da fexebiT Telavdnen, dabolos, 

TviT papma grigolma romTan da mTel italiasTan erTad 

leonis qveSevrdomobaze uari ganacxada. amave dros xatTmbrZoloba 

sakmaod vrceli saRmrTismetyelo literaturis 

ganviTarebis mizezi Seiqna. WeSmaritebis mauwyebel avtorTa 

Soris gamoirCevian: papi gri gol II, wm. germane patriarqi da 

wm. ioane damaskeli. grigolis Txzulebebi imperator leonis 

uSiSari da gabeduli mxi lebiT gamoirCeva; germanes Txzulebebi 

mSvidobis wrfeli surviliTa da SecdomilTa mimarT 

mowyalebiTaa ganmsWvaluli; ioane damaskelis Txzulebebi ki 

Rrma mecnierebis niSans atareben. 

axla ki gavecnoT xatTmbrZolTa da xatTayvanismcemelTa 

Sexedulebebs xatebis Sesaxeb. 

1.ÿxatTmbrZolTa azriT, xatTayvanismcemlebi kerpTayvanismcemlebi 

iyvnen, xolo xatebs kerpebis adgili eWiraT. qristianebi 

ase pasuxobdnen: `qristes eklesias kerpebTan araferi 

saerTo ara aqvs; nurc eqneba. Cven arc zvaraks vcemT Tayvans, 

arc qorebSi Camosxmul xbos da CvenTvis qmnileba RmerTi 

araa~ (papi grigoli). 

2.ÿxatTmbrZolebi ambobdnen, rom qristianebi qvebs, kedlebs 

da ficrebs eTayvanebiano. xatTayvanismcemlebi ki ase msjelobdenen: 

`Cven xatebs RmerTebad ar miviCnevT; imeds masze ar 

vamyarebT. Tuki Cvens winaSe macxovris xatia, vambobT: uf alo 

ieso qriste, Zeo RmrTisao, Segvewie da gvacxovne Cven! magram Tu 

xati misi wmida dedisaa, vambobT: yovlad wmidao RmrTismSobelo, 

dedav RmrTisao, meox gveyav winaSe Zisa Senisa; xolo 

Tuki xati mowamisaa, magaliTad stefanesi, maSin vamb obT: wmidao 

stefane, qristesTvis sisxlis damTxevelo, romelsa gaqvs kadniereba 

winaSe RmrTisa, Segvewie da dagvifare Cven. ai, visken 

aRvavlenT locvebs xatebis meSveobiT~ (grigoli). 

3.ÿxatTmbrZolTa azriT, ar SeiZleba xeliTqmnulTa Tayvani 

scema da arca yoveli msgavsebisa, `raodeni caTa Sina-ze 

da raodeni queyanasa zeda-que~, rogorc ufalma Tqva (gams. 

ÿ20,4); amave dros SeuZlebelia imaTi dasaxeleba, vinc Cven 

xeliTqmnulTa pativiscema da Tayvaniscema gvibrZana. xat- 

Tayvanismcemlebi ase ganmartavdnen: Zvel aRTqmaSi RmerTma 

akrZala `xeliTqmnuli eSmakiseuli gamosaxulebebi, romelsac 

vneba mohqonda da amitom SeCvenebas imsaxurebda~, magram `xeliTqmnuli 

saxeebi, romlebic RmrTismsaxurebisa da RmrTis 

sadidebeli mniSvnelobiT ganisazRvreboda~, ar aukrZalavs. 

amgvarad, RmerTma sjulis ficris (qvis fiqali, romelzec aTi 

mcneba iyo dawerili), aRTqmis kidobnis, qerubimebis, serafimebis 

da stamnebis gakeTeba brZana (grigoli). sxva xatTayvanismcemlebi 

ki ganmartavdnen, Tu ratomaa axal aRTqmaSi dasaSvebi 

is, rac Zvel aRTqmaSi akrZaluli iyo. isini SeniSnadnen: `rogorc 

gamocdili eqimi yvelas da yovelTvis erT wamals 

rodi aZlevs, aramed TiToeuls Sesaferiss da sasargeblos 

_ drois, avadmyofobisa da qveynis Taviseburebebis mixedviT; 

magaliTad, sxva wamals aZlevs Cvils da sxvas asakovans. aseve, 

sul is usrulyofilesma mkurnalma imaT, romlebic jer kidev 

yr mebi arian, kerpTmsaxurebis avadmyofobiT igvemebian da 

kerpebs RmerTebad miiCneven, RmrTis Tayvaniscemas uaryofen 

da mis Sesaferis didebas qmnilebebs miageben, gamosaxulebebis 

keTeba aukrZala. aseTi kanoni miecaT iudevelebs. magram Cven, 

ro m lebic sacdurTan ganSorebisa da WeSmaritebis miRebis 

Semdeg Rirsi SeviqeniT RmerTTan SeerTebisa da yrmobis asakis 

ganvlis mere kacad ganvmtkicdiT, RmrTisgan gveboZa unari 

gansjisa, romlis mixedviTac viciT, Tu ra SeiZleba gamoisaxos 

da ra ar eqvemdebareba gamosaxvas. uxilavi RmerTis gamosaxva, 

ra Tqma unda, Cven ar SegviZlia, magram roca vnaxeT, rom usxeulo 

CvenTvis gankacda, misi kacobrivi saxiT gamoxatva ukve 

SegviZlia. RmerTma Tavisi gamouTqmeli sa xierebis gamo xorci 

Seisxa, dedamiwaze xorcSesxmuli gancxadda, adamianTa Soris 

cxovrobda da admianuri bunebis, simtkicis, garegnobisa da 

xorcis matarebeli iyo; amitom Cven mi si gamosaxviT ar vcodavT. 

mociqulebma xorcielad ixiles qriste, naxes misi vneba 

da saswauli. aseve Cvenc gvinda vixiloT, visminoT da viyoT 

netarni. am miswrafebas saxarebis wignebi da qristes xatebi 

akmayofileben~ (damaskeli).

68 VII krebis 


69 

4.ÿxatTmbrZolTa sawinaaRmdego azriT: wm. werilSi ars ad 

ar iyo miniSnebuli da nabrZanebi xatebis gamoyenebis au cilebloba. 

amis sapirispirod xatTayvanismcemlebi ase sva m d nen 

sakiTxs: uSualod ~Zvel aRTqmasa da saxarebaSi sad Se iZleba 

moiZebnos pirdapir naTqvami sityvebi: sameba, an: erTarsi, an: 

qristes erTi piri, an: ori buneba?~ (damaskeli). 

5.ÿxatTmbrZolebma xatTayvanismcelTa winaaRmdeg aseTi 

sakiTxic dasves: ratom iyo, rom eqvsi msoflio saeklesio 

kr ebidan xatebis Sesaxeb arc erTze araferi ar ganisazRvra? 

xatTayvanismcemlebis pasuxi iyo: `krebebze purisa da wylis 

Sesaxebac araferi Tqmula; aki araa naTqvami _ saWiroa Tu ara 

Wama, saWiroa Tu ara sma. magram vin ar icis, rom es sicocxlis 

SenarCunebisTvis aucilebelia? amasTan erTad, krebebze xatebi 

TviTon mRvdelmTavrebs mihqondaT; da saerTodac, arc erTi 

RmrTismosavi adamiani xatebis gareSe gzas ar da adgeboda~ 

(papi grigoli); 

6.ÿxatTmbrZolebma xatTayvaniscemis sanacvlod gansa ku- 

T r ebiT gaaZlieres qadageba da religiuri poezia ise, rom 

RmrTismsaxurebaSi sxvadasxvagvari musikaluri kompoziciebic 

ki Seitanes. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase esmiT papi grigolis 

mier gakeTebuli gancxadeba, romliTac igi xatTmbrZol leons 

mimarTavs: `Sen ubrZane xalxs, rom miatovos es yovelive 

(xatebi da xatTayvaniscema) da daasaqme umniSvnelo rameebiT, 

sisuleleebiT, salamurebiT, CxarunebiT, gitarebiTa da lirebiT 

da nacvlad locva-kurTxevisa da RmrTis qeba-didebisa, zRaprebs 

ayoleb~. amitom xatTayvaniscemlebi religiuri grZnobis 

ganviTarebisa da aRzrdisaTvis xatTayvaniscemis maRali da 

Rrma azris axsnas cdilobdnen, ra dgan xatTayvaniscema adamianSi 

religiuri mowiwebisa da lmobierebis grZnobas aRZravs, 

sinanulis cremls hgvris. `roca Cven, _ ambobs Tavis Tavze 

papi grigoli, _ eklesiaSi SevdivarT da ufali ieso qristes 

sas wa ulebs, misi wmida dedisa da angelozebis gamosaxulebebs 

vWv retT, taZridan guliT Semusvrili gamovdivarT. da vin ar 

iqneba CvensaviT gulSemusvrili da vin ar daRvris salmobier 

cremls, roca umzers saidumlo serobas, brmis gankur nebas, lazares 

aRd ginebas? vis ar Seemusreba guli da vin ar daRvris 

cremls, roca Wvrets abraamis xats, romelsac Tavisi Zis yelTan 

maxvili mrisxaned aRumarTavs? vis ar Seemusreba guli da ar 

daRvris cremls, roca Sexedavs macxovris mravalfer tanjvas?~ 

Semdeg xatTayvaniscemlebi aviTarebdnen azrs, rom gansakuTrebiT 

religiur-praqtikuli damokidebulebiT xatebis 

mni Svneloba gaunaTlebeli xalxisa da mcirewlovanTaTvisaa 

ganuzomeli. `ra mniSvnelobac aqvs wigns imisTvis, vinc ganswavlulia, 

_ ambobdnen xatTayvaniscemlebi, _ igive mniSvneloba aqvs 

xatebs gaunaTleblebisaTvis~ (ioane damaskeli). sxva mwerali 

xatebis dasacavad ambobda:ÿ`xelSi ayvanil axlaxan monaTlul 

patarebs, aseve ymawvilebsa da axladmoqceul warmarTebs, kacebi 

da qalebi am cxad gamosaxulebebze TiTiT uT iTeben, amgvarad 

arigeben da maT gulsa da gonebas zecad, RmrTisaken aRamaRleben~ 

(grigoli). an ase ambobdnen xat Tayva n i smcemlebi:ÿìsu 

navesma ubrZana iudevelebs, iordanedan 12 qva amoeRoT, da ga nucxada:ÿroca 

Tqveni Svilebi odesme SeekiTxebian mamebs, Tu ras 

niSnavs es qvebi, Tqven maT ety viT:ÿRmrTis brZanebiT rogor 

gaixsna gza wyalSi da israelianebma aRTqmis kidobniT rogor 

gaiares. aseve Cvenc, rogor ar gamovxatoT is vneba, romliTac 

Cveni gamoxsna aRsrulda, da qristes saswaulebi, radgan Tuki 

Ze Cemi mkiTxavs: ra aris es, _ SemeZlos pasuxis gacema: RmerTi 

kac iqmna~ da sxva (damaskeli). sxvebi ki xatTayvaniscemis 

dasasabuTeblad ambobdnen, rom eklesiaSi xatebi saukeTeso 

saSualebaa RmrTis sityvisa da qadagebis aTvisebisaTvis: `vinc 

smeniT Seicno wmindanTa aRsrulebuli saqme, masSi mzera xatisa 

mosmenilis mogonebebs aRZravs; xolo vinc jer kidev ar icis 

maT Sesaxeb, aseTebs gulmodgine smenisaTvis moamzadebs da 

maTSi wmindanebis Zlier siyvarulsa da RmrTis didebismetyvelebis 

survils aRagznebs~ (germane). 

7.ÿxatTmbrZolebi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, marTlmadideblebs 

xatTayvaniscemis garda wmindanTa Tayvaniscemis gamoc 

sayvedurobdnen. isini pirdapir ambobdnen, rom marTlmadideblebi 

mowameebs RmerTebad miiCneveno. saeklesio mwerlebi ki 

cdilobdnen eklesiis mimarT gamoTqmuli amgvari sayveduri 

gaebaTilebinaT da ganemartaT, Tu ratom da rogor scemdnen 

Tayvans wmindanebs. `wmindanebi, rogorc qristes megobrebi, romlebic 

uflis tanjvaSi monawileoben, rogor ar unda iRebdnen 

monawileobas mis marTlad gandidebaSi aqac, dedamiwaze? qriste

70 VII krebis 


71 

maT monebs ki ara, aramed megobrebs uwodebs. Zveli aRTqmis 

dros romelime adamianis saxels arcerTi taZari ar SeiZleboda 

miZRvnoda. marTlis xsenebis dRe ara Tu idResaswauleboda, 

aramed daitireboda kidec; mkvdarTan Sexeba bilwebad 

iTvleboda, magram mas Semdeg, rac adamianuri buneba, Ze RmerTis 

masSi gancxadebisas, RmrTeebrivi cxovrebis Tanaziarobamde 

amaRlda, saqme ukve sxvagvaradaa~ (damaskeli). magram yovelive 

amiTi, `Cven im fiqris sababs ar vi ZleviT, rom isini RmrTeebrivi 

bunebis Tanaziarni arian, da Tayvaniscemis im pativs ar mivawerT, 

romelic RmrTeebriv didebasa da Zlierebas Seefereba. magram 

maT mimarT siyva ruls gamovxatavT~ (germane). dabolos, rogorc 

xatTmbrZolTa ganmasxvavebeli niSani, unda aRiniSnos maTi 

Sexeduleba saxelmwifos eklesiasTan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb; 

maTi gansjiT, saxelmwifos SeuZlia mbrZaneblurad Caerios 

eklesiis saqmeebSi; maT am principis umaRles xarisxSi ayvana 

surdaT. imperatorma leonma pirdapir gamoacxada kanoni: me 

var mefe da mRvdelmTavari. am azrs eklesiis warmomadgenlebis 

erT sulo vani winaaRmdegoba Sexvda. isini werdnen: ìcode, imperatoro, 

rom wmida eklesiis dogmatebi imperatoris saqme ar 

aris, aramed mRvdelmTavrebisa, da zustad da sworad unda iyvnen 

gansazRvrulni. swored amisTvis arian eklesiebSi dadgenili 

mRvdelmTavrebi, sazogadoebrivi saqmisagan Tavisufali mamebi; 

amitom imperatorebma eklesiis saqmeebSi Carevisagan Tavi unda 

Seikavon da akeTon is, rac maT evalebaT. dogmatebiÿmefeTa 

saqme ar aris, aramed mRvdelmTavrebisa, radganac Cven (episkoposebs) 

qristesmieri goni gagvaCnia (2 kor. 2; 14, 17). sxva saqmea 

saeklesio dadgenilebebSi garkveva da sxva _ saero saqmeebis 

codna~ (grigoli). sxva RmrTismetyveli ambobda: ~arasakadrisia 

mefisTvis eklesiis kanonebis dadgena. mociquli pavle im 

pirebis dasaxelebis dros, romlebsac Rmr Tisgan mindobili 

aqvT eklesiis winamZRoloba (1 kor. 12), mefes ar ixseniebs. ara 

mefeebi, aramed mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi, mwyemsebi da 

moZRvrebi iuwyebodnen RmrTis sityvas. mefe ebma saxelmwifos 

ayvavebisaTvis unda izr unon, xolo eklesiis keTildReobisTvis 

_ÿmwyemsebma da mo ZRvrebma~ (damaskeli). 

xatTmbrZolTa da xatTayvanismcemelTa kamaTiT gamom J R avnda, 

rom xatTmbrZolTa Sexedulebebi da ideaTa wre, rom e lSic 

isini trialebdnen, ufro Caketili iyo, xolo xatTayvanismcemelTa 

wre _ÿufro farTo da mravalmxrivi. xatTmbrZ o lebi 

cxovrebaze eklesiis zegavlenas metismetad zRudavdnen da 

amitom religiis xelovnebasTan daaxloebis aucileblobas 

uaryofdnen; xolo xatTayvanismcemlebi qristianul ideas 

imdenad yovlismomcvelad warmoadgendnen, rom TviT xelovne 

basac SeeZlo religiasTan mWidro damokidebuleba hqonoda. 

xatTmbrZolobis batonoba 

(741-775 ww.) 

leon isavrielis Zis, imperator konstantine kopronimis 

(741-775 ww.) xangrZlivi batonobis dros xatTmbrZolobam 

bizantiaSi Tavisi ganviTarebis umaRles safexurs miaRwia. es 

eresi Tavisi Zalisa da tiraniis gamovlinebiT ariozobasa da 

monofizitobas utoldeba. 

TviT imperatori konstantine kopronimi despoturi xasiaTiTa 

da energiulobiT gamoirCeoda. mas gars is adamianebi 

exvivnen, romelnic mis azrebs mTlianad iziarebdnen. kopronimis 

imperatorobis dros konstantinepolSi mxolod xatTmbrZolebi 

patriarqobdnen da episkoposTa didi nawilic mxa rs 

mas uWerda. iseTi situacia Seiqmna, rom TiTqos xatTayvaniscemas 

ukanaskneli dReebi daudga. 

konstantinem kargad icoda, Tu ra didi pativiT sargeblobdnen 

msoflio saeklesio krebebi da amitom xatTmbrZolTa 

msoflio krebis Catareba moindoma. magram rogorc frTxilma 

po li tikosma, uceb ki ar aRasrula Tavisi survili, aramed jer 

provinciebSi daiwyo saerTo saxalxo Tavyrilobebis mowyoba, 

romlebzec xatTayvaniscema igmoboda. amgvarad, xalxi nel-nela 

momzadda imisTvis, rac imperatoris nebiT krebas unda gadaewyvita. 

es cru msoflio kreba 754 wels iqna mowveuli, romlis 

monawile 338 episkoposidan, yvela Tavis Tavs xatTmbrZolad 

acxadebda. krebam sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvreba Seadgina da mar- 

Tlmadideblobis winamZRvrebi da xatTayvaniscemis damcvelebi 

SeaCvena, maT Soris konstantinepolis wmida patriarqi germane

72 VII krebis 


73 

da wmida ioane damaskeli. 

krebam Tavisi mtkicebebi or jgufad dayo: erTi _ gonebrivi, 

xolo meoreÿ_ÿwm. werilidan da saeklesio gadmocemebidan 

moxmobili dokumenturi masalebi. krebis msjelobiT: qristes 

gamosaxva xatebze ar SeiZleba imitom, rom amas nestorianobisken 

mivyavarT. qristes adamianur bunebas RmrTeebrivi bunebisagan 

nestori yofda; imaves akeTeben mxatvrebic, romlebic qristes 

gamosaxaven, radgan qristes garegnobis gamoxatva misi RmrTeebriobis 

warmoCinebas ar niSnavs. amas garda, krebis azriT, 

xatebze qristes gamosaxvas sxva eresamdec, mono fizitobamdec 

mivyavarT; msgavsad monofizituri swavlebisa, romlis mixedviTac 

qristes ori buneba Serwymulia, mxatvrebica da xatTayvanismcemlebic 

miiCneven, rom ara mxolod kacobriv bunebas, 

aramed mis RmrTeebriobasac gamoxataven. 

kreba ambobda: ferwera dioskoresa da evtiqisac gvagonebs, 

romlebic aswavlidnen, rom qristes ori buneba erTmaneTs 

Seerwya da Seeria. xatTayvanismcemelTa damokidebuleba ki 

sul sxvagvari iyo: Cven ar vfiqrobT aRuwereli RmrTeebis 

gamosaxvas, `Cven mxolod qristes sxeulis xats gamovsaxavT, 

romelic vixileT, xeliT SevexeT da romelsac mivmarTavdiT~. 

mas Semdeg, rac krebam qristes xatebis sawinaaRmdegod adamianur 

gonebaze dayrdnobiT rigi mtkicebebisa ganaviTara, ukve 

im azris ganmartebaze gadavida, Tu ra mecnieruli safuZveli 

aqvs RmrTismSoblisa da sxva wmindanTa xatebis aRiarebis 

akrZalvas:ÿ1)ÿTu qristes xatebis uaryofa aucilebelia, maSin 

cxadia, romelime sxva xatis daSvebac usamarTloba iqneba; 2) 

ÿqristianoba Tavisi SexedulebebiT ara marto iudevelobas 

emijneba, aramed warmarTobasac, xolo Tuki qristianoba xat- 

Tayvaniscemas miiRebs, maSin igi gamogonili kerpebis Seqmnis 

samarcxvino xelovnebiT warmarTobas dauaxlovdeba; 3) `Rmr- 

TisTvis saTnomyofeli wmindanebi, Tumca am qveynidan miicvalnen, 

magram RmrTisTvis yovelTvis cocxlebi arian, amitom visac 

mkvdari xelovnebiT maTi gacocxleba surs, is RmrTismgmobelia~, 

anu aseTebs sakuTari ZaliT undaT imis gakeTeba (gacocxleba), 

rac mxolod RmerTis saqmea; 4) mxatvrebs RmrTismSoblis 

didebulebisa da wmindanTa netarebis sworad gamoxatva ar 

SeuZliaT; maT funjs Zala ar Seswevs sworad gamoxatos zecis 

mkvidrni; 5) saerTod xelovneba Seuferebelia eklesiisaTvis, 

igi akninebs mas. `qristianisTvis, romelsac aRdgomis sasoeba 

gaaCnia, im xalxebis CveulebebiT sargebloba, romlebic kerpebs 

emsaxurebian, Seuferebelia. am dros utyvi da mkvdari 

nivTierebebiT Seuracxyo fen im wmindanebs, romlebic aseTi 

didebiT gamobrwyindnen~. 

aqamde Cven im debulebebs ganvixilavdiT, romlis drosac 

xatTmbrZolebi adamianuri gansjiTi azrovnebiT sargeblobdnen; 

axla ki vnaxoT, rogor iyenebdnen isini wm. werilsa 

da saeklesio gadmocemebs imave miznisaTvis. cru msoflio 

krebis sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis meore nawilSi Semdegi 

adgilebia moxmobili: `sul ars RmerTi, da TayvanismcemelTa 

misTa suliTa da WeSmaritebiTa Tana-ac Tayuanis-cemaÁ~ (in.4,24), 

da kidev: `RmerTi aravin sada ixila~ (in.1,18), `Tquen arca xmaÁ 

misi gesma sadame, arca xati misi ixileT~ (in.5,37). aseve Zvel 

aRTqmaSi naTqvamia: àra iqmne Tavisa Senisa kerpni gamoqandakebulni, 

arca msgavsi yovlisave, romel ars casa Sina zesknel 

da arcaRa, romel ars queyanasa zeda quesknel~ (meor.sj. 

5,7-8). wm. werilis am gamoTqmebis safuZvelze xatTmbrZolebi 

swored qristian xatTayvanismcemlebs akuTvnebdnen pavle 

mociqulis sityvebs, romliTac igi warmarTebs mimarTavs: 

`da scuales didebaÁ igi uxrwnelisa RmrTisa msgavsebad 

xatisa mis ganxrwnadisa kacisa~ (rom.1,23), `da pativ-scemdes da 

hmsaxurebdes dabadebulTa, da ara dambadebelsa~ (rom.1,25). 

saeklesio gadmocemebidan ki, upirveles yovlisa, wm. epifane 

kviprels imowmebdnen: `gaxsovdeT sayvarelo Svilebo, rom, 

rogorc eklesiaSi, aseve wmindanTa saZvaleebSi xatebis Setana 

miuRebelia, magram yovelTvis gaxsovdeT RmerTi da Tqvens 

gulebSi iqonieT igi. qristianisTvis Tvalis meSveobiTa da 

azris xetialiT RmrTisaken amaRleba Seuferebelia~. 17 gansaz- 

RvrebaSi wm. grigol RmrTismetyvelis himnidanac iyo erTi 

adgili motanili: `rwmenis aRiareba saRebavebiT da ara guliT 

umarTebuloa imitom, rom saRebavebiT damowmebuli advilad 

irecxeba. xolo rac Seexeba sulis siRrmiseul rwmenas, igi 

CemTvis WeSmaritia~. Semdeg mimoxilulia wm. ioane oqropiris 

__________________________ 

17 meSvide msoflio krebis mamebis gamorkveviT es mowmoba yalbi aR- 

moCnda.

74 VII krebis 


75 

swavleba: `wmindanTa cxovrebis gacnobiT, maTi sulis simtkiciT 

vtkbebiT, ara sxeulis, aramed sulis warmosaxviT, radganac maTi 

naTqvami maTive sulierebis gamoxatvas emsaxureba~. xatTmbr- 

Zolebi wm. basili didsac imowmeben: `mamaTa cxovrebebi keTili 

saqmis keTebasac aswavlis da netar mamaTa cxovrebasac aRwers, 

rogorc RmrTivsaTno cxovrebis misabaZ sulier magaliTebs~. 18 

xatTmbrZolTa sarwmunoebriv gansazRvrebaSi wm. aTanase di dis 

gamonaTqvamsac vxvdebiT: `rogor ar SevibraloT qmnilebaTa 

Tayvanismcemelni im mizeziT, rom mxedvelni da smenaminiWebulni 

xedvisa da smenis armqones eTayvanebian~. 19 Semdeg dasaxelebulia 

wm. amfiloqe ikonieli, romelic ambobs: `Cven vzrunavT 

ara imisaTvis, rom wmindanTa garegnuli saxe dafebze saRebavebiT 

gamovxatoT, radgan amisi saWi roeba Cven ara gvaqvs, aramed 

imisaTvis, rom maT saTno cxov rebas mivbaZoT~. 20 cru msoflio 

krebis episkoposebi xatTmbr ZolobisTvis gansakuTrebul 

sayrdens TiTqos wm. Teodote ankvirelis Semdeg sityvebSi 

xedavdnen: `Cven miviReT dadgenileba, rom wmindanTa saxeebi 

nivTieri saRebavebiT ki ar gamovxatoT, aramed maT cxovrebebSi 

aRweril saTnoebebs, rogorc sulier xatebas mivbaZoT. dae, 

xatebis aRmmarTvelebma Tqvan, Tu ra sargebeli miiRes amisagan 

da amgvari gaxsenebiT rogor sulier Wvretas ganicdian; 

ueWvelia, rom es mzakvruli mizniTaa gamogonili~. 21 dabolos, 

xatTmbrZolebi saeklesio istorikosis evsebi pamfilelis 

epistoles imowmebdnen, sadac igi gmobs xatebis gamoyenebas 

religiuri miznebisaTvis. marTalia, meSvide msoflio krebis 

mamebi am mowmobis sinamdviles aRiareben, magram evsebis, rogorc 

ariozels, avtoritetad ar miiCneven. 

cru msoflio kreba, wm. werilidan da wm. mamaTa literatur- 

__________________________ 

18 grigolis, oqropirisa da basilis Txzulebebidan es adgilebi xatTmbr- 

Zolebs saerTo azrTan daukavSireblad mohyavdaT da amitom arasworia, 

xolo Tu rogor uyurebdnen eklesiis es mamebi xatTayvaniscemas, amaze 

zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari. 

19 wm. aTanase didTan laparakia ara xatTayvanismcemlebis, aramed kerp- 

Tayvanismcemlebis Sesaxeb. 

20 wm. mamis sityvebis namdvili azri aseTia: Cven wm. xatebi gvWirdeba ara 

TavisTavad, aramed imisaTvis, rom maT saTno cxovreba gvaswavlon. 

21 meSvide msoflio krebis mamebma ganacxades, rom Teodotes arc erT 

TxzulebaSi msgavsi sityvebi ar moipoveba. 

idan rigi adgilebis damowmebiT, romlebic xatTmbrZolebis 

azriT TiTqos maT cru swavlebas amtkicebda, xatTayvaniscemis 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aseT saboloo daskvnamde mivida: àmrigad, 

Cven es mowmobani wm. werilidan da mamaTa swavlebidan 

amovkribeT da Cvens axlandel gansazRvrebaSi davajgufeT, ase 

vTqvaT,ÿmravlidan cota amovarCieT, sityva rom ar gagvgrZeleboda. 

usasrulod mravladaa sxva adgilebic, magram Segnebulad 

gamovtoveT isini. amrigad, RmrTivsulieri weriliTa da mamebis 

moZRvrebiT ganmtkicebulni, aseve RmrTismsaxurebis lodze 

sulierad damyarebulni, Cven yvelani, samRvdelo xarisxiT 

Semosilni, wm. samebis saxeliT, erT SeTanxmebamde mivediT da 

erTsulovnad ganvsazRvreT, rom nebismieri nivTierebisgan 

damzadebuli yovelgvari xati, aseve mxatvris mier ukeTuri 

xelovnebiT, saRebavebiT dawerili, qristianuli eklesiebidan 

unda gaiyaros; igi ucxoa misTvis da ugulebelyofas imsaxurebs~. 

sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis daskvniT nawils xatTayvanismcemlebisa 

da taZris mZarcvelebis mimarT muqara warmoadgens. 

aqvea Camoyalibebuli, agreTve, rva anaTema xatTayvanismcemlebis 

winaaRmdeg. namdvili msoflio krebis msgavsad, 

cru msoflio krebac èretikosebis~ mimarT muqaras ase gamoxatavs: 

vinc xatebs aRiarebs: Tuki sasuliero piri iqneba, xa risxi 

CamoerTmeva, xolo saero _ SeCvenebuli iqneba da samoqalaqo 

sasamarTlos gadaecema. 

qristianTa sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli iyo xmebi, rom xatTmbrZolebi 

yovladwmida qalwul mariamsa da wmidanebs ar 

aRiarebdnen. istoriuli cnobebi adastureben, rom am braldebebs 

marTlac hqonda safuZveli. ase magaliTad, TviT imperator 

kopronimis Sesaxeb istorikosebi amboben, rom erTxel, 

RmrTimSoblis Tayvaniscemis ukanonobis damtkicebis miz niT, man 

fuliT savse qisa amoiRo da ikiTxa: `ramdenad didia am qisis 

fasi?~ roca mas upasuxes, rom igi Zalian Zvirfasi iyo, maSin 

imperatorma qisa dacala da igive kiTxva gaimeora. da roca am 

SemTxvevaSi, bunebrivia, pirvelis sawinaaRmdego pasuxi miiRo, 

man Tqva: ìgive mniSvneloba eniWeba RmrTismSobelsac misgan 

qristes dabadebamde da dabadebis Semdeg; axla igi arafriT 

ukeTesi ar aris da sxva dedebTan SedarebiT arc upiratesoba

76 VII krebis 


77 

gaaCnia~. imave imperatorze yvebodnen, rom igi RmrTismSoblis 

Sesaxeb nestorianuli swavlebisken ixreboda da fiqrobda ra, 

rom man Cveulebrivi adamiani dabada da ara RmerTi, misTvis 

ubralod qristesmSobelis wodeba undoda. amasTan dakavSirebiT 

erTi Zveli istorikosi (Teofane) ambobs, rom imperatorma 

kerZo saubrisas konstantinepolis patriarqs hkiTxa: ùkeTesi 

xom ar iqneboda, mariami RmrTismSoblis magivrad qristesmSobelad 

iwo debodeso.~ roca aseTi pasuxi miiRo: `RmerTma 

nu qnas, xelmwifeo, rom Sen am azrze darCe; nuTu ar ici, rom 

nestori msgavsi swavlebisaTvis mTelma eklesiam gankveTa?~ 

imperatorma sTxova patriarqs, rom es saubari maT Soris dar- 

Ceniliyo, magram miuxedavad amisa, saidumlo gamoaSkaravda. iseTi 

xmebic dadioda, rom imperatori locvebSi RmrTisSoblisa 

da wmindanebis moxmobas uaryofda da axaldabadebulTaTvis 

wmindanebis saxelebis darqmevas ar iwonebda. 

754 wels cru msoflio krebis upirvelesi Sedegi is iyo, 

rom xatebi yvela eklesiidan gamoyares, zogi dawves, taZrebis 

kedlis mxatvroba da mozaikuri gamosaxulebebi Camofxi kes da 

kiriT Seleses. am xvedrs verc konstantinepolis didebuli 

vlaqernis RmrTismSoblis taZari acda, romlis kedlebzec 

saukeTeso mxatvrebis mier gamoxatuli iyo RmerTkacis mTeli 

amqveyniuri cxovreba, misi yvela saswauli, saxarebiseuli istoriis 

yvela movlena, amaRlebiT damTavrebuli; ase ve suliwmidis 

gardamosvla mociqulebze. sxvaTa Soris, rog orc wm. stefanes 

cxovrebis aRmwereli ambobs: `cxenosanTa satanur gamosaxulebebs, 

nadirobis scenebs, Teatraluri sanaxaobebisa da cxenebis 

doRebis amsaxvel naxatebs ufrTxildebodnen da pativiT 

epyrobodnen~. xatTmbrZolTa Tavxedoba iq a mde mivida, rom 

xatebis mtrebi Tavs uflebas aZlevdnen daewvaT da daeglijaT 

is wignebi, romlebic wm. xatebiT iyvnen Semkul ni, an romlebSic 

wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemaze iyo saubari. kon stantinepolis aia 

sofiis eklesiis skevofilaqsi (WurWelT mcveli) mogvianebiT 

acxadebda, rom WurWelT sacavSi man naxa ori naxevrad damwvari 

wigni, romlebic irgvliv oqros gamosaxulebebiT iyo 

Semkobili. fokis episkoposi le onic amowmebda, rom mis eparqialur 

qalaqSi xatTmbrZolebma ocdaaTi wigni dawves. zemoT 

xsenebuli skevofilaqsis gancxadebiT, mas xelT hqonia iseTi 

wignebic, romlebSic xatTmbrZolebis mier amoWrili yofila 

is furclebi, sadac wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemaze iyo saubari. imaves 

acxadebdnen kopronimis mefobis droindeli xatTmbrZolobis 

sxva mowmeebic (VII msoflio krebis cnobebi). 

imperatori konstantine xatebis darbevis Semdeg nel-nela 

wmindanTa nawilebis devnazec gadavida,ÿ_ÿman brZana yvela adgilidan 

gadaeyaraT isini. ase magaliTad, didad pativcemuli 

wm. mowame efTvimis wm. nawilebi im taZridan amoiRes, sa dac IV 

msoflio kreba gaimarTa da luskumasTan erTad zRvaSi CaZires, 

xolo misi saxelobis SesaniSnavi taZari samxe dro tansacmlisa 

da iaraRis sawyobad aqcies. 

cru krebis dadgenilebebisa da imperatori konstantines 

yvelaze gabeduli mowinaaRmdegeebi berebi aRmoCnden. maTi 

Se marTeba TviT imperatorsac ki aSinebda. bermonazvnobas am 

dros wm. stefane edga saTaveSi, romelsac pirvelmowame arqidiakon 

stefanesagan gasarCevad axali ewoda. man, imperatoris 

winaSe wardgomisas, moneta amoiRo da Tqva: `ra sas jels davimsaxureb, 

Tuki am monetas, romelzec imperatoria gamosaxuli, 

miwaze davagdeb da fexiT gavTelav? aqedan Sen SegiZlia dainaxo, 

_ gaagrZela man, _ rogori sasjelis Rirsia is, vinc qristesa da 

misi wm. dedis xatebs Seuracxyofs~. Semdeg iatakze daagdo moneta 

da fexiT Sedga. imperatoris brZanebiT igi sapyrobileSi 

Caagdes. aranaklebi Seupovroba gamoiCina bermonazonma petre 

kolivitma. igi imperato risTvis pirSi simarTlis Tqmas ar 

SeuSinda da xatTmbrZo lobis gamo axali valenti (ariozeli 

imperatori) da iuliane (gandgomili) uwoda mas. sasuliero 

pirebis mier ganebivrebuli imperatorisTvis mxolod bermonazvnoba 

aRmoCnda is arasasurveli Zala, romelic uSiSrad 

icavda marTlmadideblobas. imperatori bermonazvnebs 

kerpTayvanismcemlobis ga mavrceleblebs, obskurantizmis warmomadgenlebs 

da bneleTis mociqulebs uwodebda. man yvela 

monastris daxurva gadawyvita, xolo zogierTi ki yazarmad 

aqcia. ase magaliTad, bizantiis cnobili dolmatis monasteric 

samxedroebis ganmgeblobaSi gadavida; dedaqalaqis mravali 

monasteri saZirkvlamde daangries. bermonazvnobis damcirebis 

mizniT imperatorma brZana, berebi da monazoni dedebi erTmaneTze 

wyvil-wyvilad gadaebaT da cirkSi etarebinaT. amave

78 VII kreba 

nikea, 787 w. 

79 

dros, mayurebels neba mieca maTTvis efurTxebina da abuCad 

aegdo isini. isec xdeboda, rom berebs Tavs swored im xatebiT 

utexdnen, romelTa dasacavadac gamodiodnen. 

imperators bermonazvnobis sastiksa da gulmodgine devnaSi 

mxardamWerebad provinciis mmarTvelebi hyavda. maT So ris 

gansakuTrebiT saxeli gaiTqva Trakiis provinciis mma rTvelma 

mixeil laxanodrakonma, romelic drakonis saxeliT gaxda 

cnobili. igi pirdapir ubrZanebda bermonazvnebs: ìmperatoris 

da Cemi morCilni unda iyoT; saero tansacmeli CaicviT da 

daqorwindiT; vinc amas ar Seasrulebs, mas Tvalebis daTxra da 

gadasaxleba elodeba~. Tavisi sityva man saqmiTac aRasrula. 

misi brZanebiT berebs wverze sawvav nivTierebas asxamdnen da 

cecxls ukidebdnen. saerTod unda iTqvas, rom marTlmadidebelTa 

devna kopronimis dros imdenad Zli eri iyo, rom igi 

mxolod qristianobis usastikesi mdevnelis, warmarTi diokletianes 

xanas SeiZleba Seedaros. 

agreTve unda aRiniSnos, rom konstantine kopronimis Zaladoba 

ZiriTadad mxolod konstantinepolis sapatriarqos 

daatyda Tavs. aRmosavleTis sxva sapatriarqoebsa da dasavle- 

Tis eklesiaSi gacilebiT ukeTesi mdgomareoba iyo. 

meSvide msoflio saeklesio kreba 

(nikea, 787 w.) 

bizantiis xatTmbrZoli imperatorebis leon isavrielisa 

da konstantine kopronimis Semdeg imperiis mmarTveloba leon 

IV (775-780 ww.) xelSi gadavida. mas xatTayvanismcemlebis winaaR 

mdeg brZola ar gaumarTavs da marTlmadideblebsac Tavisuflad 

amosunTqvis saSualeba miecaT; isini mravladac iyv nen 

da arc simtkice akldaT TavianTi Sinagani, dafaruli Zalis 

wyalobiT. devnili samRvdeloeba gadasaxlebidan dabru nda. 

umaRlesi saeklesio kaTedrebi ZiriTadad xatTayvaniscemis 

erTgulma berebma daikaves. samefo karmac xatTmbrZolobis gavlenisgan 

nel-nela iwyo ganTavisufleba, xolo xalxSi xatebis 

Tayvaniscema farulad yovelTvis arsebobda. gansakuTrebiT 

aRsaniSnavia TviT leon IV meuRlis dedofali irines damsaxureba, 

romelmac xatTmbrZolebis samxileblad da WeSmaritebis 

dasadastureblad VII msoflio krebis mow veviT isaxela Tavi. 

aTenSi, xatTayvaniscemelTa ojaxSi aRz rdilma irinem xat- 

Tayvaniscema maSinac ki ar uaryo, roca xatTmbrZoli leonis 

meuRle Seiqna. amisaTvis man qmrisagan devnac ganicada, magram 

male imperatori gardaicvala da irine Tavis mcirewlovan 

ZesTan, konstantinesTan erTad taxtze avida (780 w.). amis Semdeg 

eklesiis mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad Seicvala. dedofals 

xatTmbrZolebis winaaRmdeg araviTari ZaladobisTvis ar miumarTavs, 

magram keTilgonivrulad WeSmaritebas cdomilebaze 

gamarjvebis saSualeba misca. is Tavis miz nad mxolod imas isaxavda, 

rasac TviT qristianuli sazo gado eba iTxovda. dedofalma 

Tavisi pativi da adgili daubruna wmi da nawilebsac, romlebsac 

xatTmbrZolebi daundoblad Seuracxyofdnen. irinem gadawyvita 

zeimiT gamoecxadebina xatTayvanismcemlobis WeSmariteba da 

amisTvis yvelaze saukeTeso saSualebad msoflio saeklesio 

kreba miiCnia. am krebis mowvevas is mniSvnelobac hqonda, rom 

kopronimis mefobis dros Catarebul krebas xatTmbrZolebma 

morwmuneTa sacduneblad meSvide uwodes. saWiro iyo, rom cru 

msoflio krebas WeSmariti kreba dapirispireboda. 

jer kidev imperatori leonis mier arCeulma konstantinepolis 

patriarqma pavlem mwyemsmTavris taxti moulodnelad 

datova, beris kabiT Seimosa da eklesiis marTva aRar isurva. 

igi patriarqobamde xatTayvanismcemeli iyo, magram Semdeg 

impe ratoris nebas dahyva da xatTmbrZolobis aRiarebis 

ficic da do. axla ki simSvidedakargulma da sindisis qenjniT 

Sewuxebulma patriarqma gadawyvita monasterSi Caketiliyo da 

Ta visi codvebi eglova. monanul patriarqs TviT dedofali 

ewvia ufliswulTan erTad, magram man taxtis dabrunebaze uari 

ganacxada. irine imeds ar kargavda da Suamavlebad senatorebsa 

da patriciebs agzavnida, magram patriarqis pasuxi yovel Tvis 

erTi da igive iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom pavle dedoflis wargzavnilebs 

eubneboda: `Tuki msoflio kreba ar iqna mowv e uli da 

gabatonebuli cdomileba amoZirkvuli, maSin sulis xsnis imedi 

nu geqnebaT.~ suliTac da xorciTac dauZlurebuli patriarqi

80 VII kreba 

nikea, 787 w. 

81 

male gardaicvala. saWiro gaxda axali patriarqis arCeva. 

dedofalma irinem Rrmad ganaTlebul saxelmwifo mdivanze, 

tarasize SeaCera arCevani. 22 SeTavazebul winadadebaze tarasim 

ganacxada, rom patriarqobas mxolod im pirobiT miiRebda, Tuki 

xatTayvaniscemis aRsadgenad kreba iq neboda mowveuli. es azri 

dedofalmac gaiziara da 784 wlis qristeSobis dRes tarasi 

patriarqad ekurTxa. 

786 wlis zafxulSi msoflio krebisaTvis aucilebeli 

samzadisi ukve damTavrebuli iyo. krebis Catarebis adgilad 

konstantinepolis wm. mociqulTa saxelobis taZari dainiSna, 

ro me lic Tavisi siZveliTa da didebulebiT gamoirCeoda. igi 

konstantine didis mier iyo aSenebuli, xolo ganaxlebuli 

da mdidrulad Semkuliÿ_ÿiustinianes mier. amave dros wm. 

mociqulTa taZari bizantiis imperatorebisa da patriarqebis 

saZvales warmoadgenda. 

romis papma adriane pirvelma krebaze Tavisi legatebi, 

protopresviteri petre da iRumeni petre gamogzavna. aleqsandriisa 

da antioqiis patriarqebis warmomadgenlebi sapatriarqos 

svingelozebi ioane da Toma xucesebi iyvnen; maT Tan 

Camoitanes ierusalimis patriarqis epistole, romelSic igi 

xatTayvaniscemas uWerda mxars. konstantinepolis patriarqatis 

episkoposebic Seikribnen. magram konstantinepolis 786 wlis 

krebas Catareba ar ewera. 31 ivniss, msoflio krebis gaxsnis 

win, xatTmbrZolobis ideebiT gaJRenTili jariskacebis wreSi 

buntma ifeTqa. es is jari iyo, romelsac winandeli imperatorebis, 

leon III da konstantine kopronimis wrfeli erTguleba 

hqonda SemorCenili: isini xom SesaniSnavi sar d lebi iyvnen da 

maTi winamZRolobiT laSqars mterze gamarjvebiT ara erTxel 

usaxelebia Tavi. axla ki, imperatoris gvardia xatTmbrZoli 

episkoposebis ganzraxvis aRmsrulebeli gamodga. jari wm. mociqulTa 

eklesias miadga da yvirili atexa. bunts xatTmbrZoli 

episkoposebi meTaurobdnen. isini acxadebdnen, rom kopronimis 

22 unda aRiniSnos, rom bizantiaSi saero pirebi kargad erkveodnen 

RmrTismetyvelebaSi: aq ganaTlebul adamianad mxolod iseTi pirovneba 

iTvleboda, romelsac sxva mecnierebebTan erTad RmrTismetyvelebac 

hqonda Seswavlili; amitom saero pirebidan patriarqis amorCeva 

siZneles ar warmoadgenda. 

Catarebuli krebis Semdeg xatebis Sesaxeb msoflio kreba aRar 

unda Semdgariyo. dedofal irines jaris winaaRmdeg Tavidan 

araviTari mkacri zoma ar miuRia, raTa Sinaomi ar gamoewvia. 

man meamboxeebi ubralod uyuradRebod datova. jariskacebma am 

dRes bevri iyvires, magram bolos da bolos daiSalnen, radgan 

SimSilma SeaxsenaT, rom sadilis dro didi xnis gadasuli iyo. 

jaris buntma dedofali miaxvedra, rom sanam msoflio krebas 

moiwvevda, jari unda ganeridebina. am mizniT man musulmanebze 

laSqroba gamoacxada; jari konstantinepolidan gavida, magram 

dedofalma brZaneba gaauqma da legionebi saxlebSi daiTxova. 

erTi wlis Semdeg, roca xalxis mRelvareba dacxra, nikeaSi 

msoflio saeklesio kreba iqna mowveuli. sxdomis adgilad 

sofiis taZari SeirCa. nikeaSi miRebuli gansazRvrebebis xelmowerebis 

mixedviT krebas 307 mama daeswro. krebas imperiis 

umaRlesi didebulebic eswrebodnen. gaxsnis dRe 787 wlis 24 

seqtemberi iyo. 

kreba pirvel rigSi xatTmbrZolobaSi braldebuli episkoposebis 

eklesiisaTvis SemoerTebis sakiTxs Seexo. TiToeulma 

maTganma eresis dagmoba werilobiT warmoadgina da krebisgan 

Sendoba iTxova. krebis mier Sewynarebuli aTi episkoposidan 

saeWvod mxolod grigol neokesarielis sakiTxi idga, radgan 

mas mwvaleblobasTan erTad marTlmorwmuneTa devnac edeboda 

bralad, magram ukanaskneli braldeba ar dadasturda da krebam 

grigoli mowyalebiT pirvandeli xarisxiT aRadgina. 

meore saqme wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb WeSmariti swavlebis 

gamorkvevas exeboda. Tavidan krebam wm. werilidan is 

adgilebi amoikiTxa da gaarCia, romlebic xatTayvaniscemis ganmtkicebas 

Seuwyobdnen xels. gamosvlaTa da ricxvTa wignebidan 

waikiTxes RmrTis mcnebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gakeTebuliyo 

mowmobis karavSi aRTqmis kidobnis oqros saxuravi da 

adamianis msgavsi frTiani qerubimebi (gams. 25; 17,22. ricx. 7,89). 

agreTve, winaswarmetyveli ezekielis wignidan amoikiTxes friad 

sayuradRebo mowmoba. winaswarmetyveli xilvis dros nanax 

saidumlo taZris Semkulobas ase aRwers: `Sesasvlelis Tavze, 

taZris Sida da gareTa mxare, mTeli kedeli irgvliv, Signidan 

da garedan, Tanazomieri iyo. amokveTili iyo qerubimebi

82 VII kreba 

nikea, 787 w. 

83 

da palmebi; palma qerubimsa da qerubims Soris iyo, ori saxe 

hqonda yovel qerubims. kacis saxe palmisaken iyo miqceuli erT 

mxares da lomis saxe palmisken iyo miqceuli meore mxares. ase 

iyo gakeTebuli mTel taZarSi irgvliv. iatakidan Sesasvlelis 

Tavamde qerubimebi da palmebi iyo gamoxatuli. aseve taZris 

kedelze~ (ezek. 41,17-20). xatTayvaniscemis WeSmaritebis dasamtkiceblad 

krebam axali aRTqmidan erTi adgili moiyvana, kerZod 

ebraelTa mimarT episto ledan, sadac naxsenebia, rom ka ravis 

wmidasa da wmida wmidaTaSi sasanTle, tabla, aRTqmis kidobani, 

manana takukiT da aaronis kverTxic iyo moTavsebuli (9,1-5). 

wm. werilidan moxmobili adgilebis Semdeg, krebam wm. mamaTa 

xatTayvaniscemis WeSmaritebis damamtkicebeli uricxvi 

mowmoba warmoadgina. 23 Semdeg kreba im marTlmadidebluri 

Sexedulebis ganmartebaze gadavida, romelic xelovnebis religiasTan 

damo kidebulebas exeboda. xatTmbrZolebi religiur 

xelovnebas umaqnissa da uwmindurs uwodebdnen; nikeis kreba ki 

sxvagvarad afasebda am sakiTxs. wm. asteri amasielis (IV s.) Txzulebis 

wakiTxvam, romelSic igi amaRlebuli da mgrZnobiare 

sulierebiT aRwers wm. mowame evfrasias gamosaxulebas, krebas 

saSualeba misca religiis xelovnebasTan damokidebuleba 

misi Sexedulebis safuZvelze gamoexata. krebis monawileni am 

Txzulebis gacnobis Semdeg ambobdnen: `maSasadame, mxatvris 

xelovneba wmida saqmea, da sruliad ara iseTi ram, romelsac 

SeiZleba vinmem dascinos, rogorc amas zogierTi xatTmbrZoli 

akeTebs; es mama fermwers keTilmsaxur adamianad warmogvidgens~. 

igive azria gamoxatuli sxva mamis mierac: `kargi mxatvari 

xelovnebis meSveobiT sagnebs yovelTvis ise warmogvidgens, 

rogorc mowame evfrasias xatis damweri; amitomac es maswavlebeli 

aq aqebs samxatvro xelovnebas~. patriarqma tarasimac 

warmoTqva sityva wm. asteris Txzulebis Sefasebisas: `wm. mama 

mowameTa sagmiro istoriis gamoxatvas qadagebs~. 

wm. mamaTa nawerebis moxmobis Semdeg kreba xatTayvaniscemis 

yvelaze mniSvnelovani mxaris garkvevaze gadavida: ro gor 

23 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari (Tavi: 

`xatTmbrZolobis warmoSoba~), amitom gameorebas moverideT da wm. 

mamaTa Sexedulebebi aq aRar mogvyavs. 

gavigoT da riTi gamovxatoT wm. xatebis Tayvaniscema? krebis 

monawile mamebs am sakiTxis dayenebis sababi Rirsi maqsime 

aRmsareblis cxovrebis erTi adgilis amokiTxvam misca, sadac 

naTqvamia: àbba maqsimem kesariis (biTviniaSi) episkopos Teodoresa 

da sxvebTan erTad muxli moiyara da wm. saxarebas, 

patiosan jvars, RmrTisa da macxovris ieso qristesa da yovladwmida 

RmrTismSoblis xatebs emTxvia~. amave dros abba 

maqsimem episkopos Teodores cremliT mimarTa: `Cven yvela 

velodebiT gankiTxvis dRes; Sen ici, ra gamoisaxeba da risi 

gamosaxvaa dadgenili cxovelmyofel jvarze, macxovrisa da 

yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis xatebze~. am adgilis wakiT xvis 

Semdeg mamebma wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb TavianTi azri 

gamoTqves; rogorc Cans, gasarkvevi Seiqnaÿ_ xatTayvaniscemaSi 

xatis Tayvaniscema (muxlis moyra, Tavis dakvra) igulisxmeboda 

Tu misi pativiT mTxveva. 

pirveli azris mxardamWerebi aseTi Sexedulebisani iyvnen: 

`gamoTqma èmTxvia~ aq wakiTxuli adgilis mixedviT Tayvaniscemis 

mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli. imitom, rom maqsimem Tayvani 

sca wm. saxarebasa da jvars, da maTTan erTad macxovrisa da 

yovlad wmida RmrTismSoblis xatebs~. da kidev: `diax, xatebs 

saxarebasa da jvarTan erTad erTnairi mniSvneloba aqvT~. sxva 

mamebis azri SedarebiT gansxvavebuli iyo; magaliTad, tarasi 

xatebs wm. WurWlebs adarebda, razec bevri daemowma. magram igi 

ase agrZelebda: `naxeT, Zmebo, naTqvamia, rom isini marTebuli 

mowiwebiT emTxvivnen; Cvenc aseve unda moviqceT imitom, rom Cveni 

Tayvaniscema mxolod RmerTs ekuTvnis~. ro gorc Cans, erTni 

xatebs Tayvaniscemis Rirsad miiCnevdnen, me oreni ki _ pativiscemisa. 

sabolood, wm. mamaTa naSromebis ufro gamowvlilviT 

gamorkvevam, krebas saSualeba misca upiratesoba pirvelisTvis 

mieniWebina, kerZod imisTvis, rom saWiroa xatebis Tayvaniscema 

da ara mxolod maTi keTilkrZalulebiT mTxveva. am mxriv sxva 

mowmobebTan erTad Zlieri gavlena iqonia wm. anastasi Teopolelis 

epistoledan Semdegi adgilis amokiTxvam: `Cven Tayvans 

vscemT wmidanebsac da angelozebsac, magram ar vemsaxurebiT 

maT rogorc RmerTs, rameTu mose ambobs: ùflisa RmrTisa 

Senisa geSinoden da mas mxolosa hmsaxurebde~ (meor. sj. 6,13).

84 VII kreba 

nikea, 787 w. 

85 

naxe, am sityvas _ hmsaxurebde _ erTvis mxolosa, xo lo sityva 

geSinodens ÿ_ ara. 

amrigad, mxolod RmrTis Tayvaniscema rodia SesaZlebeli, 

imitom rom Tayvaniscema pativiscemis maCvenebelia, magram 

msaxureba ki RmrTis garda aravisi ar SeiZleba~. krebam angelozebisa 

da wmindanebis Tayvaniscemaze gamoTqmuli azri 

xatebis Sesaxebac ganavrco; Semdeg xatebTan dakavSirebuli saswaulebic 

gaixsena da sabolood daaskvna: `siyvaruliT viRebT 

patiosani da cxovelmyofeli jvris gamosaxulebas, aseve wmida 

da patiosan xatebsac vcnobT, siyvaruliT viRebT da SevitkbobT 

wm. mamaTa Zveli gadmocemis Tanaxmad, romlebic xatebs Tavad 

aRiarebdnen da Tvlidnen, rom isini yvela eklesiasa da RmrTis 

meufebis yovel adgilze unda yofiliyvnen dasvenebulni. Cven am 

xatebs, kerZod macxovris, RmrTismSoblisa da yvela wmidanisa, 

pativs vcemT da mokrZalebiT veTayvanebiT, raTa ferweruli 

gamosaxulebebis saSualebiT SesaZlebeli gaxdes mogoneba 

pirvelsaxisa (e. i. TviT gamosaxulisa da misi saTnoebis) da 

ganwmendis monawileni SeviqmneT~. amis Semdeg krebam xatTmbr- 

Zolobis mTeli swavleba dagmo. mamebi im das kvnamde mividnen, 

rom xatTmbrZolebi TavianTi SexedulebebiTa da moqmedebebiT 

erTianad moi cavdnen da imeorebdnen manamde arsebuli yvela 

cdomilebisa da eresis borotebas: xatTmbrZoloba mravali 

mwvaleblobis Sejamebas warmoadgenda. 

wm. kirile ierusalimelis sityvidan erTi nawyveti iqna 

wa kiTxuli, sadac naTqvamia: àra vis smenia nabuqodonosorma 

rom gaanadgura qerubimebi? go ne biT gansaWvretsa da zeciur 

qerubimebze ki ar vambob, aramed im qerubimebze, romlebic 

taZarSi iyvnen gakeTebulni da sakurTxevels ifaravdnen da 

ro melTa Sorisac RmrTis kanoni pirmetyvelebda~. am adgilis 

wakiTxvam kreba im dask vnamde miiyvana, rom xatTmbrZolebi 

Rirsni iyvnen nabuqodonosoris mware xved ris gaziarebisa. 

krebis azriT, xatTmbrZolebi iseTive borot ni iyvnen, rogorc 

samaritelebi da maTze uaresnic ki. wm. svimeon mesvetis 

(umcrosis) im mowmobam, rom mis dros viRac samaritelebs 

xatebi CamouyriaT, krebis mamebs sababi misca ganecxadebinaT: 

`yvelasTvis cnobilia, rom samaritelebi yvela mwvaleblebze 

uaresad miiCnevian. xolo patiosani xatebis uarmyofelebi, 

amaTze uaresnic ki arian, magram isic sakmarisi iqneba, Tuki maT 

samaritelebis Tanabrad CavTvliT~. Semdeg krebam xatTmbr- 

Zolebi iudevelebs Seadara. er Ti mowmobis wakiTxvis Semdeg, 

sadac iudevelTa mier xatebis miuReblobasa da gakicxvaze 

iyo laparaki, krebis erT-erTma monawilem Tqva: `Cveni uflis 

ieso qri stes gangebulebas uaryofen isini, romlebic uaryofen 

xatebs, rogorc es ebraelebi; amitom xatebis uarmyofelni maTi 

msgavsia~. krebam miiCnia, rom qristianul samyaroSi sxvadasxva 

dros gamovlenili mwva leblobebis miuxedavad, xatTmbrZolebs 

meti msgavseba ma inc maniqevelebTan da severozelebTan (mo nofi 

zituri seqta) ufro hqondaT. maniqe velebTan msgavseba krebam 

imis safuZvelze daadgina, rom xatTmbrZolebi eklesiis mier 

uaryofili apokrifuli wigniT sar geblobdnen (`wm. mociqul- 

Ta mog zaurobani~). am wignSi ki laparakia imaze, rom qristes 

moCvenebiTi sxeuli hqonda, rasac swo red maniqevelebi amtkiceben. 

xolo severozelebTan msgavseba ze is faqti miuTiTebda, rom 

esenic xatTmbrZolobdnen mtredebis gamosaxulebebis winaaRmdeg, 

romelTa saxiTac eklesiaSi suliwminda warmodgindeboda. 

amis Semdeg krebam xatTmbrZolebi SeaCvena da, pirvel rigSi, 

krebis SuaSi xatebis dasveneba da maTi mTxveva brZana, me ore 

rigSi ki xatebis winaaRmdeg dawerili yvela Txzule b is dawva 

gadawyvita. 

xatTmbrZolebis winaaRmdeg krebis muSaobis umniSvnelovanesi 

Sedegi kopronimis mier mowveuli cru msoflio krebis 

sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis ganxilva iyo, gansazRvrebisa, 

romelic wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli. 

es simbolo xatTmbrZolobis cnobil dokuments warmoadgenda, 

romelic miT umetes iqcevda yuradRebas, radgan episkoposTa 

Soris jer kidev iyvnen kopronimis krebis TanamgrZnobi 

adamianebi. msoflio krebam gamowvlilviTa da gu lmodgined 

gamoikvlia gansazRvrebis yvela is safuZveli, ri Tac kopronimis 

xatTmbrZolTa krebis cru swavleba iniRbeboda. kreba 

am gansazRvrebis yovel arguments nabij-nabij mi hyveboda da 

gmobda. 

msoflio krebis ori ukanaskneli sxdoma (7 da 8) wm. xatebis

86 VII kreba 

nikea, 787 w. 

87 

Se saxeb marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis gamo 

cxadebasa da damtkicebas mieZRvna. igi ase ikiTxeba: 

ganvsazRvravT, rom wmida da patiosani xatebi miRe bulia 

(TayvaniscemisaTvis) swored iseve, rogorc pati osani cxovelmyofeli 

jvris gamosaxuleba, iqnebian isini saRebavebiT 

da werili, Tu mozaikiT an romelime sx va nivTierebiT Sesrulebulni, 

an gamosaxulni RmrTis wmida eklesiis nakurTx 

WurWlebsa da Sesamoslebze, kedlebsa da dafebze, an saxlsa da 

gzis pirebze, da amave dros es xatebi iqnebian uf ali ieso qristesi, 

yovladwmida RmrTismSoblisa, an patiosani angelozebisa 

da yvela wmida da Rirsi mamisa. rac ufro xSirad iqceva xatebi 

Cveni Wvretis sagnebad, miT ufro aRiZvrian am xatebis Semyureni 

pirvelsaxis mogonebiT, maT mimarT ufro did siyvaruls Sei- 

Zenen da meti wadierebiT emTxvevian, muxls moiyrian da Tayvans 

scemen maT, magram arasgziT ara im WeSmariti msaxurebiT, 

romelic Cveni rwmeniT, mxolod RmrTeebriv bunebas Seefereba. 

yvelafris Sesaxeb, rac krebam gaakeTa, dedaqalaqSi dawvri 

lebiT euwya dedofal irines. man krebaze miRebuli gansaz- 

Rvrebis sazeimo damtkicebisTvis dRe TviTon daniSna. mamebis 

Sek rebis adgili konstantinepolSi mangavris sasaxle iyo. 

de dofalma ufliswulis TandaswrebiT pativi miago krebas. 

patri arqma da dedofalma mokle sityvebi warmoTqves, ris 

Semdegac am ukanasknelma ganacxada: `dae, Tqvens mier aRiarebuli 

gansazRvreba yvelas gasagonad iqnas wakiTxuli~. _ÿroca 

es Sesrulda, dedofalma Tqva: `dae, wmida da msoflio krebam 

Tqvas, saerTo SeTanxmebiT aRiarebT Tu ara am wakiTxul gansaz 

Rvrebas?~ krebis monawile mamebma upasuxes: `Cven yvelas 

ase gvwams, yvela ase vfiqrobT da saerTo mowiwebiT xeli 

mo va wereT mas!~ maSin dedofalma irinem mowiwebiT miiRo sar 

w munoebrivi gansazRvrebis gragnili, romelsac masTan er Tad 

yrma imperatormac moawera xeli, da samefo beWdiT dabeWda. 

amiT vamTavrebT msoflio krebebis aRweras da, madloba 

ufals, Tuki vrceli naSromidan gamokrebili Sinaarsis gadmoTargmniT 

sargebloba movutaneT am sakiTxiT dainteresebul 

mkiTxvels. Txroba ki davasruloT fragmentiT im mWevrmetyveluri 

xotbidan, romelic diakonma epifanem uZRvna 

ukanasknel krebas: `gixarodes Senc, mTels dedamiwaze ganfenilo 

kaTolike eklesiao, izeime da imxiarule sakuTari Svilebis 

SekrebiT; gacveTili flasi ganiZarcve da marTlmadideblo bisa 

da erTianobis gaucveTeli samosi Seimose. Sen, viTarca sasZlos 

saukuneTa meufis, Zisa da RmrTis sityvisa, ferwerulad Seqmnili 

misi kacisebri xatis tareba Segferis, raTa Ca n des, rom Sen xar 

sZali sameufo~. amin.

88 cneba dogmatisa 

89 

dogmaturi 

RmrTismetyveleba 

Sesavali 

dogmaturi RmrTismetyvelebis sagans dogmatebi anu gamocxadebiTi 

religiis mWvretelobiTi WeSmaritebani warmoadgenen, 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, yvelaferi is, rac RmerTSi misive 

wyalobiT rwmeniT ganiWvriteba, radgan adamianTan urTierTobaSi 

Sesvla RmrTis keTilmnebelobis Sedegia. 

dogmati momdinareobs berZnuli sityvidan, rac fiqrs, varauds, 

miCnevas niSnavs. qristianuli TvalsazrisiT ki masSi 

mtkice rwmena (dajerebuloba) da Sinagani uryeoba igulisxmeba. 

qristianuli dogmatis gansakuTrebiT aucilebeli Tviseba misi 

RmrTeebrivi warmomavlobaa. misi sinamdvile droebiT yofaze 

ki araa damokidebuli, aramed mudam ucvleli RmrTis maradiul 

WeSmaritebaze, romelic Tavis Tavs RmrTeebrivi gamocxadebis 

dros avlens. amitom marTalni ar arian protestanti avtorebi, 

romlebic dogmats ama Tu im droSi gabatonebul mosazrebad 

miiCneven. amiT isini eklesiis mamaTa swavlebis sapirispirod 

istoriul WeSmaritebas Seuracxyofen da TviT qristianobas 

amcireben. msoflio saeklesio krebebze ki wmida da netari 

mamebis mier Camoyalibebuli dogmatebis mowinaaRmdegeebs 

anaTemas ucxadebdnen. 

wm. basili didis TqmiT: `RmrTis dogmatebi ucilobelia~. 

swored amiT gansxvavdeba qristianuli dogmatebi yvela sxva 

araqristianuli religiis azrebisagan, filosofiuri dogmebisa 

an politikisagan; igi gansxvavdeba iseTi qristianuli 

WeSmaritebebisganac, romlebic RmrTis gamocxadebas ar Seicavnen, 

mag., saeklesio dadgenilebebisgan RmrTismsaxurebisa da 

keTilmoweseobis Sesaxeb. eklesiis mamebi dogmatebs, rogorc 

mWvretelobiTi WeSmaritebis dargs, qristianuli wesebisagan 

gamoyofdnen. wm. kirile ierusalimeli ambobda: `marTlmorwmuneoba 

ori sagnisagan Sedgeba: zusti, wmidaTawmida debulebebisa 

da keTili saqmeebisagan, radganac mxolod dogmatebi, 

keTili saqmeebis gareSe, RmrTisTvis saTno ar aris; amasTan, is 

saqmeebic miuRebelia, romlebic marTali sarwmunoebis dogmatebze 

ar arian dafuZnebulni~. wm. ioane oqro piris sityvi- 

Tac: `qristianoba rogorc dogmatebis kanonebs, aseve jansaR 

cxovrebasac iTxovs.~ aseve msoflio krebebic sarwmunoebis aRiarebas 

dogmatebs uwodebdnen da maT drois moTxovnilebaTa 

mixedviT adgendnen, xolo yvela sxva dadgenilebas kanonebs 

anu cxovrebis wesebs arqmevdnen. dogmatis arsi asec SeiZleba 

gamoixatos: maSin, roca religia aris adamianis RmerTTan kav- 

Siri, romelsac RmrTisa da adamianis urTierTdamokidebuleba 

gansazRvravs, dogmatebi, zneobrivi azrebisagan gansxvavebiT, 

RmrTis Sesaxeb gamocxadebis mWv retelobiT azrsa da adamianTan 

mis kavSirs aRniSnaven, ro melic praqtikuli WeSmaritebebisgan 

damoukideblad Seicnoba. 

qristianuli sarwmunoebis mTavari sagani an mTavari azri, 

romelic yvela dogmats erTmaneTTan akavSirebs, SeiZleba ase 

gamoiTqvas: `qristianuli sarwmunoebis arsi RmrTisÿ_ mamis, 

Zisa da suliwmidis _ Sesaxeb swavlebasa da codviT dacemuli 

kacobriobis gamoxsniT gamovlenil RmrTis sibrZneSi mdgomareobs~. 

axla ki gavecnoT gonebis monawileobis sakiTxs sarwmunoebasTan 

mimarTebaSi. 

CvenSi arsebuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdego nebsiTi Tu uneblieTi 

cnobiereba isev apirispirebs gonebas dogmatikasTan. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mxolod mas, visac ara aqvs swori warmodgena 

arc RmrTisa da arc misi nebis, arc adamianis gonebis 

Sesaxeb, SeuZlia dauSvas gonebis ganmgebloba gamocxadebis 

dogmatebze. saqme isaa, rom codviT damZimebuli Cveni goneba 

mWvretelobiTi WeSmaritebis gamocxadebas, rogorc gamocdi 

le bi Tac cnobilia, cudad igebs (I kor. 1,21). Tanamedrove 

adamianis suliereba imdenad Seryeulia, rom misTvis RmrTis 

gansakuTrebuli Semweobaa aucilebeli. Tuki RmerTma Tavisi 

usazRvro saxierebiT adamianebisTvis Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb 

iseTi swavlebis micema ineba, romelsac adamiani TviTon vera

90 cneba dogmatisa RmrTis Semecneba 

91 

sodes ver Seityobda da ver axsnida, es misi (RmerTis) sikeTis 

Sedegia da adamianebs isRa darCeniaT, mokrZalebuli madliere- 

RmrTis Semecneba 

biT miiRon gamovlenili sibrZne. 

axla ase davsvaT sakiTxi: dogmatikam unda gadauRobos Tu 

ara gza gonebis gamoZaxils im WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb, romelic 

mxolod gamocxadebiTaa cnobili?ÿ_ÿTuki gamocxadeba adamians 

imisTvis eZleva, rom Tavis uZlurebas umkurnalos da TviT gamocxadeba 

WeSmaritebis miTiTebiT rwmenis saidumloebebs Cvens 

SegnebasTan aaxloebs, dogmatika maSin imoqmedebs gamocxadebis 

Sesabamisad, roca gonebas aCvenebs, rom ama Tu im gamocxadebis 

saidumlo, Tumca SeuZlebelia gonebrivi sawyisidan momdinareobdes, 

magram ar ewinaaRmdegeba gonebis mWvretelobiTsa 

da praqtikul moTxovnilebebs, ara med piriqiT, TviT gonebis 

ama Tu im saWiroebas exmareba da codviT miyenebul ama Tu im 

uZlurebas mkurnalobs. 

amrigad, dogmatika aiZulebs ra gonebas aRiaros rwmenis 

saidumloebebis keTilismyofeli Zala, ki ar amcirebs, aramed 

RmerTi arsiT erTia da RmrTis arsis yoveli TvisebisaTvis 

RmrTis erToba is pirobaa, romliTac TviT am Tvisebebis 

arsebobaa SesaZlebeli. aqedan gamomdinare, RmrTis erToba 

metia, vidre RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi; igi aucilebeli pirobaa 

rogorc RmrTis yofierebisTvis, aseve RmrTis arsisaTvis. amave 

dros manam, sanam RmrTis Sesaxeb raimes vityodeT, sa Wiroa 

gavarkvioT sakiTxi RmrTis Semecnebis SesaZleblobebze, rom 

Cveni msjeloba zomierebas ar gadacdes. 

meore saukuneSi valentini da karpokrate, xolo meoTxeSi 

evnomiosi aswavlidnen, rom adamianisaTvis RmerTi sruliad 

misawvdomia. sapirispiro azrs icavdnen markionitebi da maTi 

Tanamedrove cru maswavleblebi, romlebic ambobdnen, rom 

RmerTi Cveni SemecnebisaTvis sruliad miuwvdomelia. amitom 

saWiroa gavarkvioT: ra SeiZleba vicodeT RmerTis Sesaxeb? 

gamocxadebiT WeSmaritebebs gonebis TvalSi aRamaRlebs da 

`rameTu mecnierebaÁ igi RmrTisaÁ cxad ars maT Soris, ra- 

mis Wir veulobaze imarjvebs. amitom saWiro ar aris dogmat ur 

meTu RmerTmanve gamoucxada maT~ (rom. 1,19). mociqulis swa- 

sakiTxebze sqolastikuri da kadnieri polemika, sadac mra vali 

vlebiT, adamianebs SeuZliaT RmrTis Semecneba da es SesaZle- 

sazrdoa lo gi ku ri msjelobisTvis da cota suli sTvis. gamocbloba 

dafuZnebulia imaze, rom RmerTi maT Tavis Tavs ucxadebs, 

dileba imis mowmea, rom sarwmunoebaSi eWvis Setana garegani sa- 

xolo maT gamocxadebis miRebis unari aqvT. RmrTis Semecnebis 

babis gareSec, zogierTisaTvis SeumCnevladac ki, Cveni wamxdari 

am SesaZleblobas bunebrivi ewodeba, radganac TviT Cveni 

sulis siRrmeSi aRmocendeba. am SemTxvevaSi ki sarwmunoebis 

mxridan mxolod dumili imdenad aramarTebulia, ramdenadac 

mavnebeli. mociqulma pavlem brZana, rom goneba rwmenas unda 

davumorCiloT (2 kor. 10,5). ase msjelobdnen eklesiis didi maswavleblebic. 

net. avgustines sityviT: `SeuZlebelia, rom RmerTs 

CvenSi ejavrebodes is, riTac misive gangebiT yvela cxovelze 

maRla vdgavarT. Cven imisTvis ar gvwams, rom gonebiT ar 

visargebloT; gonieri suli rom ar gvqonoda, sxvagvarad arc 

rwmuneba SegveZleboda~. wm. ioane oqropiri: `gansakuTrebiT 

maSin ufro gvwams, roca vgebulobT mizezebs, Tu ra ratom 

xdeba.~ swored maTi msjelobis sa Ri azriT unda ilaparakos 

dogmatikam da maSin gonebis ga daWa r bebuli gabedulebiT gamo 

wveuli Secdomebisagan daz Rveuli viqnebiT. mxolod aqve 

un da SevniSnoT, rom mecnierebisaTvis ufro azrebia saWiro, 

vidre sityvebi. 

RmrTivSeqmnili bunebis Tvisebas warmoadgens. 

imave mociqulis swavlebiT, RmerTi drois sxvadasxva periodSi 

da sxvadasxvagvarad ucxadebda WeSmaritebas xalxs 

winas warmetyvelebis meSveobiT, xolo adamianebisTvis misi 

yvelaze sruli da umaRlesi gamocxadeba Ze RmerTSi gamovlinda, 

romelic maradiuli mamis didebis brwyinvalebaa (ebr. 

1,3), radgan am bolo gamocxadebasÿ_ÿgamocxadebas RmrTisa Ze 

Rmer TSi _ safuZvlad udevs RmrTis namdvili da sruli yofiereba 

Tavis ZeSi, rogorc aswavlida TviT Ze RmrTisa (in. 

14,7-10). amitom RmrTis Semecneba qristeSi, qristes meSve obiT _ 

ueWvelad swori da namdvili Semecnebaa: `xolo viciT, ra meTu 

Ze RmrTisaÁ movida da momca Cven gonebaÁ, raÁTa vico diT Cuen 

WeSmariti RmerTi da varT Cuen WeSmaritisa Tana, Zisa misisa 

ieso qritesa~ (1 in. 5,20). 

miuxedavad imisa, rom RmerTma Tavis Tavi adamianebs qris

92 RmrTis 

Semecneba 

93 

teSi ganucxada, iudevelebma ver Seicnes igi. ratom? `Tquen 

xorcTaebr sjiT~,ÿ_ÿeubneba maT macxovari (in. 8,15-19), anu 

TqvenSi codnis unari ise ar aris mowyobili, rom axali 

swavlebis gageba da miReba SeZloT; Tqven Tqveni wamxdari 

bunebis moTxovnilebebiT msjelobT. aqedan Cans, rom RmrTis 

gamocxadebis misaRebad saWiroa ara marto goneba, razec ambobs 

mociquli, aramed gulis siwmindec. aseve aswavlida macxovari: 

ùkueTu vinme nebasa missa hyofdes, cnas man moZRurebaÁ ese, 

viTar raÁ ars: RmrTisagan ars, anu me TaviT TÂsiT vityÂ~ (in. 

7,17). mociqulebic imaves aswavlian: `yoveli romeli codvides, 

mas ara uxilavs igi, arca icis igi~ (1 in. 3,6). radgan adamis 

dacemasTan erTad mTeli kacobriobac dazianda da bunebaSi 

RmrTis gamocxadeba aRar kmaroda adamianebisTvis RmrTis 

Sesaxeb swori da sruli Semecnebis Sesatyobad, ise rom, TavianT 

Tavze mindobilma ama soflis brZenTac ìcvales didebaÁ igi 

uxrwnelisa RmrTisaÁ msgavsad xatisa mis ganxrwnadisa kacisa 

da mfrinvelTa da oTxferxTa da quewarmavalTa~ (rom. 1,23), 

amitom amieridan RmrTis SemecnebisTvis aucilebelia adamianis 

ganaxleba RmrTis madliT, anu rac igivea, madliT zneobrivi 

srulyofa ganwmendisa da gonebrivi RmrTisSemecnebis gaumjobesebisaTvis. 

ufali, ambobs pavle mociquli, `naTelsa myof ars miuwdomelsa, 

romeli aravin ixila kacTaganman, arca xilvad xelewifebis~ 

(1 tim. 6,16). es niSnavs, rom Tumca RmerTma Tavis Tavi 

gamoucxada adamianebs, magram RmrTis didebuleba ganuzomelia 

da amitom miuwvdomelic, _ adamiani uZluria mTlianad moicvas 

igi. 

RmrTismxilveli mose evedreboda ufals: `miCvene didebaÁ 

Tavisa Senisa~; uflis pasuxidan Cans (gams. 33; 18, 23), rom sanam 

adamiani amqveynad cxovrobs, misTvis SeuZlebelia wmida RmrTis 

`pirispir~ ganWvreta, da am miwier yofaSi, RmerTi mxolod am 

yofierebisTvis Sesaferis sazRvrebSi ecxadeba mas da adamians 

mxolod RmrTis didebis anarekli (`zurgi~) SeuZlia ixilos. 

RmrTis Semecnebis Sesaxeb mociqulTa mier gamoxatuli 

niSnebis mixedviT aseT gansazRvrebebs vRebulobT:ÿa)ÿsamyaro 

da gamocxadeba, rogorc sarke, RmrTis saxes ireklaven _ da am 

gamoxatulebiT RmerTs SevimecnebT; aqedan gamomdinare, Cven 

RmerTs vxedavT ara uSualod, ara rogorc fizikur sxeuls, 

aramed mxolod da mxolod RmrTis anarekls; b)ÿRmrTis piri 

(saxe) gamocanis saxiT warmogvidgeba, amitom gonebiT unda 

ganvsajoT, rom rac SeiZleba naTeli warmodgena Segveqmnas 

Cve nTvis gamoCinebuli maRali sagnis Tvisebebis Sesaxeb; g) 

axla (amqveynad) RmerTs mxolod nawilobriv SevicnobT da ara 

mTlianad, da ara sruliad, zogierTi daskvnis gaTvaliswinebiT 

mxolod sarkeSi areklil RmrTis erT mxares SevicnobT. amrigad, 

Cveni Semecneba RmrTisa sakuTriv rwmenaa da ara mecniereba 

(codna). 

mociquli ambobs, rom sxvadasxva dros RmerTi adamianebs 

ecxadeboda sxvadasxva saxiT (ebr. 1,1), xolo radganac CvenTvis 

cnobilia, rom RmrTis Semecnebis SesaZlebloba adamianebis 

miRebis unarzea damokidebuli, mociqulis sityvebidan Cans, 

rom RmerTi ama Tu im dros adamianebs imdens ucxadebda, ramdenis 

miRebac maT SeeZloT. momaval cxovrebaSi sxvagvarad 

viarsebebT da RmrTis Sesaxeb Semecnebac sxvagvari gveqneba: 

Tumca rogorc Cvens yofierebaSi, arc iq viqnebiT Tavisufalni 

SezRudulobisgan, magram Semecneba ukve saxeobrivi codna ki 

aRar iqneba, aramed RmrTis pirispir cnoba (ra Tqma unda maT- 

Tvis, romlebic RmrTis winaSe wmindanebad wardgebian). amrigad, 

RmrTis Semecnebis xarisxi imazea damokidebuli, ramdenis miReba 

SegviZlia Cven. 

mamaTa swavlebis saerTo daskvna wm. grigol RmrTismetyvelis 

sityvebiT SeiZleba gamoixatos: `RmrTis Sesaxeb unda 

iTqvas, rom igi arc sruliad miuwvdomelia da arc sruliad misawvdomi~. 

amisi damadasturebelia wm. werilSi warmodgenili 

RmrTis saxelebic, romlebic TviT RmrTis mieraa gamocxadebuli 

da RmrTis arsis namdvili, Tumca arasruli, gamomxatvelia. 

magaliTisaTvis warmovadginoT Zveli aRTqmis RmrTis 

gamomxatveli ebrauli sityvebi: elohim _ Zala, Zliereba; 

Saddai _ yovlismpyrobeli, yovladZlieri; el _ simtkice; 

adonai _ yovlismflobeli; elion _ uzenaesi. � 

� rac Seexeba rusul wyaroebSi XIX s-dan gavrcelebul saxels ieRova, 

SevniSnavT, rom igi cnobili tetragramidan (YHWH) masoreTebis mier 

pirobiTad Seqmnili terminia da ara RmrTis mier gamocxadebuli saxeli. 

bibliis Zvel berZnul, laTinur da, maT Soris, slavur redaqciebSi 

aRniSnuli sityva ar gvxvdeba.

94 RmrTis arsis 

Tvisebebi 

95 

kidev ufro srulad da amaRlebuladaa gamoxatuli RmerTi 

axal aRTqmaSi, radganac axal aRTqmaSi RmrTis Sesaxeb TviT Ze 

RmerTi laparakobda. ase magaliTad, ufro naTlad da pirdapiraa 

gamoTqmuli, rom RmerTi srulia (yovladsrulyofili), 

mxolod igia saxieri da brZeni, `sul ars RmerTi~ (in. 4,24), _ 

eubneba macxovari samaritel dedakacs da migviTiTebs usxeulo 

arsis (RmerTis) pirovnul arsebobaze, romelsac gonTan 

da nebasTan erTad yofiereba Tavissave TavSi aqvs. magram 

RmrTis gamomxatveloba, Zvel aRTqmasTan SedarebiT axali 

aRTqmis upiratesobis miuxedavad, mainc fardobiTia rogorc 

Tavis saganTan, ise gamoTqmis SesaZleblobasTan mimarTebiT. 

RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi 

ara mxolod saerTod RmrTis, aramed misi yofierebis Sesaxeb 

msjelobisas, Cven ar ganvSorebivarT azrs RmrTis, rogorc 

pirovnuli da cxoveli arsis Sesaxeb. magram ra aris es pirov 

nuli da cxoveli arsi? romelia RmrTis arsis gamoma aSkaravebeli 

Tvisebebi? kiTxva gardauvalia, magram ara advilad 

pasuxgasacemi. miuwvdomelze mxolod is SegviZlia vTqvaT, rac 

man adamianisTvis Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb gamoacxada, da vTqvaT 

windaxedulad. 

sruliad zusti dayofa RmrTis Tvisebebisa SeuZlebelia, imitom 

rom SeuZlebelia RmrTis sruli Secnoba. magram sakiTxis 

SedarebiT sworad SerCeva SesaZlebelicaa da saWiroc. 

TviTmyofadi.ÿam TvisebiT RmerTi yofierebis aranair damokidebulebasa 

da gansazRvrulobas ar eqvemdebareba. igi 

Ta vis Tavad arsebobs da yovelives aZlevs yofierebas. goneba 

TviTmyofadobas RmrTis aucilebel Tvisebad im kanonis 

mixedviT miiCnevs, romliTac SemTxveviTi aucilebel sawyiss 

sa Wi ro ebs da rigi saboloo mizezebisa ar SeiZleba usasrulod 

gag rZeldes, aramed SeCerdeba pirvel arsebaze, TviTmyofadze, 

romelsac yofiereba aravisgan ar miuRia da yvela mizezis 

mizezs warmoadgens. TviT ufali ambobs Tavis Tavze: `me var 

RmerTi myofi, romeli var~ (gams. 3,14). es niSnavs, rom igi am 

sityvis sruli gagebiT arsebobs. Tavis TavSi srul yofierebas 

moicavs da sxva yovelives yofa maszea damokidebuli. RmrTis 

damoukidelobas gansakuTrebiT Zlierad da naTlad gamoxatavs 

ufali ieso qristes sityvebi, roca igi ambobs, rom mama RmerTs 

cxovreba Tavis TavSive aqvs (in. 5,26). 

maradiuli.ÿRmerTs ekuTvnis es Tviseba _ maradiuloba anu 

mudmivi myofoba, romlis mixedviTac mas arasodes arc dauwyia 

da arc Sewyvets arsebobas. gonebas ar SeuZlia ar aRiaros 

RmrTis es Tviseba, radgan misi uaryofa RmrTis yofierebis 

uaryofamdec miiyvanda. RmerTi da maradiuloba _ erTmane- 

Tisgan ganuyofelia. gamocxadeba gvaswavlis: `pirvel mTaTa 

dabadebadmde, da Seqmnad qveyanisa, da soflisa da saukuniTgan 

da ukunisamde Sen xar~ (fs. 89,2). RmerTi ara mxolod droze 

da droebiTi yofierebis pirobebze araa damokidebuli, aramed, 

netari avgustines sityviT rom vTqvaT, TviTonaa droisa da 

yovelive droSi warmavalis Semoqmedi. 

ucvleli.ÿes iseTi Tvisebaa, romlis gamoc RmrTis Zalebis 

nebismieri kleba an mateba, yofierebis erTi saxidan meoreSi 

gadasvla gamoricxulia. ase rom, RmerTi yovelTvis erTi da 

igivea. goneba am Tvisebas miawers RmerTs, rogorc damou ki debel 

arss, radgan TviTarsisaTvis gafarToebaca da Seviwroebac, 

iseve rogorc maradiulisTvis yofierebis erTi saxidan meoreSi 

gadasvla, SeuZlebelia. xolo rac Seexeba wm. werilSi 

aRniSnul RmrTis sinanulsa da risxvas, mxolod RmrTisadmi 

adamianis damokidebulebas gamoxatavs, radgan RmrTis ganwyobas 

Cvens mimarT vswavlobT ara sxvagvarad, Tu ara CvenTvis 

gasageb enaze. 

yvelganmyofi.ÿam TvisebiT RmerTi yvelaferTan da yvelas- 

Tan erTnairad axloa, da amitom, rogorc aravisgan gamoklebulsa 

da arafriT damTavrebuls, sxvagvarad ganuzomeli ewodeba. 

goneba RmrTis aseT Tvisebas RmrTis TviTmyofadobis 

aucilebel Sedegad miiCnevs. RmerTi rom yvelgan ar yofiliyo, 

maSin is imaze iqneboda damokidebuli, rac misi yofisa da moqmedebis 

sazRvrebs daadgenda. amitom RmrTis yvelganmyofobas 

warmarTi brZennic ki uSvebdnen, Tumca ciuri sxeulebis Tayvaniscema, 

iseve rogorc miwieri sagnebis gaRmerTeba, RmrTis 

ganuzomelobas aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeboda. 

Tuki zogjer wm. werili RmerTis sufevis adgils zecaze 

war mogvidgens, an mas sadme myofad gamoxatavs, amiT mxolod


Tvisebebi 

97 

mis gansakuTrebul didebulebaze, an mis saxierebaze miuTiTebs. 

radgan gamocxadeba RmrTis yvelganmyofobis WeSmaritebaSi 

gvarwmunebs, magram yvelganmyofobis saxes sizustiT ar warmogvidgens, 

isRa dagvrCenia, yvelganmyofobis ganumartebeli 

saxe CauZieblad ganvmartoT, azri RmrTis yvelganmyofobis 

Sesaxeb Cvens zneobriv yofas SevusabamoT da wm. ioane oqro piris 

sityvebi gavimeoroT: `viciT, rom RmerTi yvelganaa, magram 

rogor _ ar gvesmis~. 

suli.ÿrogorc sivrcisa da drois yofierebis pirobebidan 

gandgomili (Tavisufali) RmerTi uwmidesi sulia. RmrTis 

sulobaÿara mxolod simartive da yofierebaa, romelsac aranair 

nawilTa SenaerTTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs, aramed 

igi pirovnuli damoukidebeli yofierebaa. saRi goneba aRiarebs 

Tavisufal suls, rogorc RmrTis aucilebel Tvisebas: 

a) imitom, rom sxvagvarad mas ar SeuZlia axsnas Seqmnili 

sulebis arseboba, da b)ÿimitom, rom TviTmyofadi arsi rTuli 

rom yofiliyo, cvlilebasa da daSlas ganicdida. aseve SeuZlebeli 

iqneboda, rom igi wmidisa da gonieris sawyisi yofiliyo; 

siwmidec, ucvlelobac da maradiulobac Seusabamoa nivTier 

sirTulesTan da, maSasadame, es ukanaskneli srulyofili arsis 

sawinaaRmdego Tvisebas warmoadgens. ciceroni werda: 

`sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia warmovidginoT igi (RmerTi), Tu ara 

rogorc goni Tavisufali nebiT, romelic araviTar nivTier 

minarevTan araa dakavSirebuli da yovelives sulisCamdgmeli 

da mamoZravebelia~. 

axali aRTqmis gamocxadeba mTeli sicxadiT warmogvidgens 

rogorc RmrTis arsis umaRles simartives, ise TviTmyofad 

pirovnulobas. macxovari ambobs: `sul ars RmerTi~ (in. 4,24). 

azrobrivi kavSiri gviCvenebs, rom macxovari asaxelebs ra 

RmerTs sulad, masSi martiv, aranivTier arss gulisxmobs. 

imis dasadastureblad, rom suli usxeulo arss niSnavs, TviT 

macxovris sityvebi gavixsenoT: `sulsa xorc da Zval ara asxen~ 

(lk. 24,39); an rogorc sxvagan ambobs : suli xorcis sawinaa Rm 

dego cxovelmyofeli sawyisia (in. 6,13). `RmerTis TvaliT danaxva, 

msgavsad sxva cocxali arsebebisa, SeuZlebelia; ro gorc 

platoni ambobs, igi mxolod gonebiT aRiqmeba, da me misi mjera~ 

(wm. iustine, platonis Sesaxeb). 

goni.ÿradgan RmerTi TviTmyofadi sulia: misi sicxovele 

usrulyofilesi goniT mJRavndeba. da ra aris RmrTis goni? 

_ RmerTSi Zala ar SeiZleba iyos umoqmedod, ar SeiZleba 

arse bo bdes mxolod SesaZleblobis mniSvnelobiT, rogorc 

es Sez Rudul sulSi xdeba. amitom RmrTis goni amave dros 

aris codna (mWvreteloba, xedva); sxvagvarad RmrTis goni aris 

TviT yofiereba Wvretis mdgomareobaSi da misi codna misive 

yofierebisgan mxolod imiT gansxvavdeba, rom RmrTis gareT 

arsebulsac moicavs. RmerTis yovlismcodneobaSi ara mxolod 

is igulisxmeba, rom man yvelaferi icis, aramed isic, rom misi 

codna srulyofilia. 

adamiani Tavis Tavs Seicnobs arasrulad da Tan samyarosa 

da RmrTis Semecnebis saSualebiT. RmerTSi ki, TviT Semecneba 

srulia da mas amisTvis araviTari saSualeba ar sWirdeba. Tuki 

RmerTs SeqmnilTagan raime ar ecodineboda, maSin es imaze mianiSnebda, 

rom misi yofiereba yvelganmyofis yofierebas ar 

warmoadgens. gamocxadeba gvaswavlis, rom RmrTisTvis, umciresi 

sagnebis CaTvliT, yvela qmnileba cnobilia (ebr. 4,13; mT. 10, 29). 

yvela qmnileba drois kanons emorCileba da xan awmyos, xan 

warsuls da xan momavals miekuTvneba; amitom wm. werili, aR wers 

ra RmrTis codnas, rogorc yovlismomcvels, mas qmni lebis yofierebis 

samive damokidebulebaze avrcelebs. es codna agreTve 

adamianis gulis saidumlo zraxvebzec vrceldeba. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, RmrTisTvis momavalic cnobilia, magram 

RmrTis winaswarcnoba adamianis Tavisuflebas ar zRudavs. net. 

avgustines msjelobiT: `Tu RmrTisaTvis mTeli rigi mizezebisa 

cnobilia, es kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom Cvens Tavisufal ne baze 

raime ar iyos damokidebuli. TviT Cveni survilebi mi zezTa 

im ricxvs ekuTvnis, romlebic RmrTisTvis cnobilia misi winaswarcnobis 

gamo, radgan adamianuri survilebi adami anur 

saqmeTa mizezebs emsaxurebian. adamiani imitom ki ar scodavs, 

rom RmerTma winaswar ganWvrita, rom is codvas Caidenda ~. 

yovladbrZeni.ÿRmrTis sibrZne aris saukeTeso miznebisa da 

saSualebebis srulyofili codna da aseTive unari ukanasknelis 

pirvelTan SeTanxmebisa. bunebrivi gonebac samyaros mowyobilobis 

ganxilvis, xalxebis da TiToeuli adamianis bedze 

dafiqrebisas, yovlismpyrobelis udides sibrZneSi rwmun deba. Zv.


Tvisebebi 

99 

aRTqmis gamocxadeba samyaroze, rogorc RmrTis udidesi sibrZnis 

sarkeze miuTiTebs; axal gamocxadebaSi ki _ yovladbrZenis 

saqme qristes mier Cveni gamoxsnis aRsrulebaa. 

neba.ÿRmrTis arsi gonis garda nebiTac mJRavndeba. rogorc 

RmrTis gonia yovlad srulyofili, aseve misi nebac yovlad 

srulyofilia. es RmrTis is Tvisebaa, romliTac RmerTs Tavisi 

gonis maRali zraxvebis Sesabamisad mxolod sikeTe nebavs da 

Tavis survilebs yovelgvari winaaRmdegobis gareSe aRasrulebs. 

wm. werili naTlad ambobs imis Sesaxeb, rom samyaros Seqmnac 

RmrTis nebis saqmea da RmerTs adamianis gadarCena swadia. 

RmerTs, ganfens ra Tavis survilebs samyarosa da adamianze, 

sakuTriv Tavisive srulyofilebis gamovlena nebavs (kol. 1,16; 

ebr. 2.10). ùfals ar nebavs is, rac misi Seqmnili ar aris~, _ ambobda 

tertuliane. RmrTis neba-survili imitomac aris samyaros 

saWiroebebTan SeTanxmebuli, rom igi TviT RmerTis Tvisebis 

Sesabamisia. RmerTs mxolod erTi ram _ sikeTe swadia, ara da 

ar SeiZleba RmrTis nebaSi gaoreba iyos. 

gamocxadebis swavlebiT, surs ra RmerTs adamianis gadarCena, 

mas mxolod misive (adamianis) survilis gaTvaliswinebiT ixsnis 

(lk. 10,25-28; mrk. 16,16; mT. 23,37). es piroba imitomac unda iyos 

daculi, rom adamianis Tavisufleba RmrTis saqmea, romelsac 

RmerTi Tavissave TavTan winaaRmdegobis gareSe ver Secvlis, 

amitomac igi adamians xels ar uSlis borotebis CadenaSi. misi 

keTilmnebeloba sikeTis mimarT aqac imaSi mJRavndeba, rom 

borotebis mware Sedegi adamianis ganmgeblobaSi ki ar rCeba, 

aramed RmrTis nebas emorCileba, romelsac surs bo roteba 

mware wamlobiT gamoasworos. 

RmrTis neba sruliad Tavisufalia.ÿes Tviseba imas niSnavs, 

rom RmerTi yovelgvari gareSe Zalis rCevis gareSe, yo ve lives 

mxolod sakuTari gonieri bWobiT (rCeviT) gansaz Rvravs. sxvagvarad 

mas TviTnebeloba SeiZleba vuwodoT. Rmr Tis Tavisufali 

nebis, rogorc mxolod sikeTis gamovlinebaze, TviTon 

gamocxadeba gveubneba. igi saSualebas gvaZlevs Rm r Tis sruli 

Tavisufleba davinaxoT: a)ÿqveynis SeqmnaSi (fs. 113; 11); b)ÿqveynis 

mowyobis gangebulebaSi (dan. 4,32); g)ÿco d v ili adamianebis gadarCenis 

saqmeSi. mociquli pativmoyva re iudevelTa azris uarsayofad, 

TiTqos isini RmerTs Tavis erad damsaxurebis mixedviT 

aerCios, isaakisa da iakobis magaliTze miuTiTebs (rom. 9,10-11), 

romelTa xvedri maT STamomavalTa xved rTan erTad dabadebamde 

gadawyvetili iyo: `raÁTa rCeviT wina-ganmzadebaÁ igi 

RmrTisaÁ egos~. 24 Semdeg moci quli imave RmrTis nebis Tavisuflebas 

moses sityvebiT (muxl. 15), faraonis xvedriT (muxl. 

19) da yvela qmnilebis xvedris mekecis TixasTan SedarebiT 

(muxl. 21) amtkicebs; bolos ki RmrTis Tavisufali moqmedebis 

mizanze miuTiTebs (muxl. 22-23). d)ÿTuki bunebriv gonebas eWvi 

gauCndeba imis Sesaxeb, rom RmrTis Tavisufali neba samyaros 

Seqmnisas amqveyniuri kan onebiT iyo Seviwroebuli, gamocxadeba 

daumtkicebs, rom sas waulebi da wi nas warmetyvelebebi RmrTis 

nebis saqmes warmoadgens, romlebic sam yaros kanonebze sruliadac 

ar arian damokidebulni. dak virvebiT ganxilvisas, 

bunebis kanonebic, e. w. ucilobeli, maTematikuri, logikuri 

WeSmaritebebic mxolod im SemTxvevaSi arian ucvlelni, Tuki 

isini umaRlesi nebis ganzraxvas emorCilebian, romelmac maT 

yofiereba mianiWa; amitomac RmrTiuri gzebis gansazRvrulobis 

miuxedavad Cveni locvebic marTebulia. locvebs rom samyaros 

ganmgeblis gegmebis Secvla ar SeuZlia, es TavisTavad naTelia, 

magram gulwrfelad mlocveli ambobs ìyavn neba Seni~, rac 

imas niSnavs, rom RmrTis Tavisufal gangebaSi locvebic Sedis 

Tavisi SedegebiTurT. 

aRiarebs ra RmrTis arsis TviTmyofadobas, gonebam RmrTis 

nebis sruli Tavisuflebac unda aRiaros, radgan ar SeiZleba 

raime aRZvra ganicados iman (RmerTma), vinc aravisze da araferze 

araa damokidebuli. eklesiis maswavleblebi am azrs imaTi 

mxilebisas ganmartaven, romlebic amtkicebdnen, rom samyaro ara 

RmrTis nebiT, aramed aucileblobiT warmoiSva, rogorc Crdili 

sxeulisagan, agreTve imaT winaaRmdeg msjelobisas, romlebic 

samyarosac da RmerTsac brma bedisweras uqvemdebarebdnen. 

yovladZlieri.ÿsurvilebSi Tavisufali neba RmrTisa 

24 Cveni wyaro ganmartavs, rom berZnul teqstSi xmarebuli sityva èkloge~ 

(`kat' eklogen~ _ qarT. arCevani) Tavisuflebis gamomxatvelia 

da mociqulic imitom amatebs am sityvas, rom RmrTis nebis Tavisufleba 

gamomJRavndes. samociqulos qarTul TargmanSi gamoyenebuli sityvac 

(`rCeviT~) Tavisi mniSvnelobiT imave azrs gamoxatavs, radgan, rogorc 

zemoT aRvniSneT, RmrTis nebis Tavisuflebas swored misi sakuTari 

arCevani gansazRvravs.


Tvisebebi 

101 

arafriT araa SezRuduli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis 

dro sac, anu sxvagvarad, yovladZlierebiTaa aRWurvili. wm. 

epifanes samarTliani TqmiT: `mas yvelaferi SeuZlia, rasac ki 

moisurvebs, magram mxolod RmrTisTvis Sesaferisad iqceva~, 

an rogorc wm. klimenti romaeli gvaswavlis: `RmrTis Tvis 

araferia SeuZlebeli, garda tyuilisa~; net. avgustine ki wers: 

`RmerTs, radganac yovlisSemZlea, ar SeuZlia mokvdes, motyu 

vdes da yovladZlieri imitomacaa, rom yovelive es ar aRemateba 

mis Zlierebas, radgan sikvdili rom SeZleboda, maSin 

arc yovlisSemZle iqneboda~. 

siwminde.ÿRmrTis Tavisufleba, ganxiluli moqmedebis aRZvrasTan 

damokidebulebaSi, warmoadgens zneobriv Tavisuflebas 

anu siwmindes. es iseTi Tvisebaa, romliTac RmrTis neba 

yovelTvis da yvelaferSi eTanxmeba Tavissave Sexedulebas 

yovladsrulyofil sikeTeze, romelic TviT RmerTSi arsebobs. 

es aris mudmivi da sruli Tanxmoba survilisa da moqmedebisa 

saqmis srulyofili aRsrulebiT. wm. werili, roca RmrTis 

sikeTeze miuTiTebs, zogjer masSi RmrTis xelSeuxe belsa da 

uaRres didebulebas gulisxmobs; an SeiZleba saku Triv misi 

nebis zneobrivi srulyofileba gamoxatos. 

azri RmrTis siwmindis Sesaxeb imdenad bunebrivia adamianisTvis, 

rom mravali warmarTTaganic RmerTs wmindad miiCnev da 

(esqile, sofokle), Tumca homerosTan warmodgenili berZnuli 

xalxuri RmrTismetyveleba berZen xalxs pativs ar hmatebs. azris 

uaryofa RmrTis siwmindis Sesaxeb gonebisTvis igive iqneboda, 

rac Cveni sulieri bunebis Tandayolili zneobrivi kanonis 

ugulebelyofa, an rac igivea, rom ar migveRo azri RmerTis, 

rogorc yovladsrulyofili arsebis Sesaxeb; radgan siwminde 

gonier-Tavisufal arsebaSi srulyofilebaTagan pi rvelia, xolo 

codva _ naklulovanebaTagan uaresi. 

saxieri.ÿRmrTis neba siyvarulia, saxierebaa. mociqulis 

TqmiT _ RmerTi siyvarulia (1 in. 4,18); da, ra Tqma unda, ara 

mxo lod qmnilebaTa mimarT damokidebulebaSi, _ igi siyvarulia, 

igi saxierebaa TavisTavad (Tavis TavSi). amrigad, RmrTis 

saxiereba aris siyvaruli srulyofilebisa da sikeTis mimarT, 

Tavisive Tavisa da sxvebisaTvis. RmrTis saxiereba sxvadasxva 

damokidebulebis mixedviT, romelic xalxisa da qveynierebis 

mimarT vlindeba, sxvadasxvagvarad iwo deba: kacTmoyvareoba, 

mowyaleba, moTmineba, Sewynareba da madli. 

yvelaze ufro saocari mtkiceba RmrTis siyvarulisa adamianebis 

mimarT, nugeSinismcemelis madliT Ze RmerTis mier 

dacemuli adamianis aRdgenaa. vinc ar unda imsjelos RmrTis 

saqmeTa Sesaxeb, igi gulis siRrmidan unda aRiarebdes, rom 

RmerTi WeSmaritad siyvarulia. amaze balaxis yoveli Reros 

arsebobac metyvelebs, imitom rom sicocxliT tkbeba. miT umetes, 

amas aRiarebs adamianis sulieri buneba, rogorc ar unda daa 

maxinjos igi TviT adamianma:ÿRmrTis saxierebas xom TviT 

war ma rTebic aRiarebdnen. isini miiCnevdnen, rom ramdenadac 

adamianis sicocxle saflaviT ar mTavrdeba, xolo amqveyniuri 

gansacdelebi zneobriv sikeTes aswavlian, amdenad fizikuri 

boroteba sruliadac ar ewinaaRmdegeba RmrTis saxierebas. 

simarTle.ÿRmrTis simarTle iseT Tvisebas warmoadgens, 

romliTac TviT RmerTs, uyvars ra zneobrivi kanonis erTguleba, 

surs, rom gonieri qmnilebebic aRasrulebdnen mas. amitomac 

aZlevs maT sjuls da Sesrulebisas ajildovebs kidec, 

iseve rogorc darRvevis SemTxvevaSi sjis. amgvarad, RmrTis 

simarTle orgvar moqmedebaSi vlindeba da mas zogjer sa kanon 

mdeblo da zogjer sasyidlis mimgebi simarTle SeiZleba 

vuwodoT. 

wm. werili gvaswavlis, rom RmerTi èrTi ars sjulis mdebeli~ 

(iak. 4,12), `rameTu ese ars nebaÁ RmrTisaÁ, siwminde ege 

Tqueni~ (1 Tes. 4,3), da iqve miTiTebulia, rom RmrTis brZanebebi 

orgvaria:ÿerTni TviT Cvens gulSia Cawerili da bunebiT wess 

warmoadgenen, meoreni ki dadebiTi debulebebisgan Sedgebian; 

aseTia Zveli wesi, romelic israels sinaze mieca, da axali wesi, 

romelic ufali ieso qristes mier gamocxadda da Cvens gulebSi 

suliwmindiTaa Cawerili (ier. 31,33; ebr. 8,8-11). 

gonebas ar SeuZlia RmerTSi Tavis sjulmdebels ar xedav des: 

sindisi _ Cveni Sinagani mosamarTle _ ganuwyvetliv gva xsenebs 

imas, vis mcnebebsac Cven varRvevT. 

gamocxadeba RmerTSi samarTliani sazRauris mimgebsac naTlad 

warmoaCens: a) sazRaurismimgebi RmrTis simarTle Tavis 

moq medebas yvela zneobriv arsebaze ganavrcobs, yvelas mimarT 

miukerZoebelia, umaRlesi gonis Sesatyvisi azriT moqm edebs da

102 RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi 

sampirovani RmerTi 

103 

amitom wyalobasa da sasjels moqmedebis mizanTan, moqmedebis 

Zalisa da saSualebis zomasTan aTanxmebs. b) yoveli sike Tis- 

Tvis ajildovebs, erTi Wiqa civi wylis miwodebisTvisac ki 

(mT. 10,42). ufa li simarTlis gvirgvins yvelas miuZRvnis, vinc 

mis ga mo Cinebas (gamocxadebas) Seiyvarebs (2 tim. 4,7-8). g) sjis 

an dasjis codvilebs mTeli maTi borotebisaTvis: misi saxe 

adamisa da kaenis, warRvnamdeli qveynisa da sodomisa da gomoris 

bedSia naCvenebi. 

mociquli gvaswavlis: `nu scdebiT, RmerTi ara Seuracxiqmne 

bis. rameTu raÁca-igi sTesos kacman, igica moimkos. rameTu 

romelman sTesos ÃorcTa Sina TÂsTa, ÃorcTa mier TÂsTa 

moimkos xrwnilebaÁ~ (galat. 6,7-8). 

Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadeba, grZnobaTa morCili da TviTneba 

ada mianebis gamosafxizleblad, RmrTis damsjel simarTles 

SemaSinebeli saxelebiT warmoadgens da adamianurad RmerTs 

SurismaZiebels, cecxliT STanmTqmels uwodebs da did mrisxa 

ne basac miawers mas. aseTi gamoxatva droSia nagulisxmevi, 

ma gram maTi azri maradiulia. Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadeba adamianebs 

umetesad miwier wyalobasa da sasjels aRuTqvamda, 

radgan grZnobas damonebul adamianebs xiluli gansacdelebi 

ufro aSineben, vidre sulieri. axali aRTqmis gamocxadebam ki 

adamianebs gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT warmouCina maradiuloba: 

sastiki _ codvilebisaTvis da netari _ marTalTaTvis. 

gonebac WeSmaritebad miiCnevs, rom RmerTs ara mxolod 

codvisa da siqvelis bunebrivi Sedegis gamocdis daSveba Seu- 

Zlia, aramed misTvis sakuTari simarTlis moqmedebacaa damaxasiaTebeli. 

usamarTloba sxvebis mimarT adamianebs axasiaTebT 

_ an gonebis, an nebisyofis sisustis gamo. magram RmerTSi arc 

erTsa da arc meores ar SeiZleba adgili hqondes; rogorc 

yovladZlier gons, mas yvela saSualeba aqvs, saqmeebis Sesabamisad 

miagos yvelas, roca amas saWirod CaTvlis. 

eklesiis mamebma gadaWres is gaugebroba, romelic RmrTis 

simarTlesTan iyo dakavSirebuli. rogor SevaTanxmoT RmerTSi 

codvilis damsjeli simarTle usasrulo sikeTesTan? _ gnostikosebsa 

da maniqevelebs es dauSveblad miaCndaT da ami tom 

ori sawyisi moigones _ keTili RmerTi da boroti RmerTi. 

sapirispirod msjelobdnen eklesiis maswavleblebi: WeSmariti 

RmerTi aucileblad unda iyos saxierica da sa marTlianic; Tu ar 

iqneboda erTica da meorec, anu saxieri rom yofiliyo, magram 

ara samarTliani, maSin arc RmerTi iqneboda; misi saxiereba 

samarTliani saxierebaa, radgan uyvars sikeTis myofeli da 

wyalobs maxvewars. aseve misi simarTlec _ saxieri simarTlea, 

radgan sjis Cveni zneobrivi sargeblobisa da umaRlesi srulyofilebis 

miRwevisaTvis. 

rogor SevaTanxmoT simarTlesTan is, rom aq marTalni itanjebian, 

xolo codvilebi bednierebiT tkbebian? _ a) amqve ynad 

sruliad marTali aravinaa. amitom samarTlianad isjebi an mar- 

Talnic, iseve rogorc samarTlianad tkbebian isini mSvi dobiT; 

b) da codvilebis umetes nawilSic bevria keTili. amitom Tumca 

aq codvilebi sindisisgan iqenjnebian da sakuTa r i codvebisgan 

idevnebian, magram sikeTiTac samarTlianad sa rgebloben. 

g) rogorc marTlebs, ise codvilebs saboloo sa marTliani 

gansasjeli maradiulobaSi elodeba (2 Tes. 1,4-10). 

netareba.ÿgonebisa da nebis moqmedebaTa SegrZneba saboloo 

jamSi yovelTvis mSvidobisa da sixarulis SegrZneba 

ro dia. RmrTis zemoqmedeba ki Tavis Tavze yovelTvis netarebas 

warmo adgens. RmrTis netareba RmrTis yofierebis im 

TviTgansazRvrebulobas niSnavs, romliTac RmerTi, flobs ra 

gonebisa da nebis umaRles srulyofilebas, tkbeba yvela Zalis 

SeTanx mebuli moqmedebis SegrZnebiT, romelic usrulyofiles 

sicocx lesa da misi qmnilebebis netarebis wyaros warmoadgens. 

Rmer Ti tkbeba netarebiT, romelic aravisze da araferze araa 

damokidebuli. 

RmerTi sampirovania _ mama da Ze da suliwmida 

miTiTebani wmida samebis saidumloze 

Zvel aRTqmaSi 

Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadebas samarTlianad SeiZleba ewodos 

mravalRmerTianobis mxileba da moZRvreba erTi RmerTis rwmenis 

Sesaxeb, mravalRmerTianobisa, romelic usjuloebisa da 

sulieri sibnelis Sedegs warmoadgens. WeSmaritma RmerTma israeli 

Tavis erad imitomac airCia, rom mas ufali scodnoda da

104 swavleba 

samebis Sesaxeb 

105 

gavrcelebuli mravalRmerTianobis warRvnaSi ar daRupuliyo. 

Zv. aRTqmaSi axalTan SedarebiT miTiTebani RmerTis sam- 

saxarebis swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb 

pirovnebaze bundovania, radgan umaRlesi saidumlos misaRebad 

1.ÿieso qristes qveynad gamoCenisas RmerTis sami piris 

saWiro iyo adamianuri uZlurebis TandaTanobiT da ara uecrad 

saidumlo TviT macxovris naTlobisas iqna gancxadebuli: maSin 

daZleva, magram mainc gavecnoT im adgilebs, sadac es miTiTe- 

ma mam Zis Sesaxeb daamowma da suliwmida xilul Zeze xi luli sabani 

gvxvdeba: sayuradReboa mravlobiTi ricxvis ga moyeneba 

xiT gardamovida (mT. 3,16-17): sami piris Sesaxeb uw yeba naTelia. 

iq, sadac RmerTi Tavis Tavze an Tavisi Tavidan ga momdi na re 

2.ÿes saidumlo TviT ieso qristes mierac gamocxadda, roca 

laparakobs. mag., Sesaqmis wignSi (1,26) ramdenime piris SeTanx- 

mo ciqulebs ganSorebisas mamisagan suliwmidis movlena aRuTqva 

meba Cans, kerZod, SeTanxmeba _ RmrTisa RmerTTan. ramdenadac 

(in. 15,26; 16,13-14). amave dros suliwmidis RmrTeebrioba naC ve nebia 

adamiani RmrTis xatad da msgavsad Seiqmna, Tuki aq RmrTis 

rogorc mamisagan gamomavalisa, xolo misi damo uk i de bloba 

mraval pirs ar vigulisxmebT, maSin sityvebis mniSvne loba 

imiT mJRavndeba, rom mas moqmedeba gankuTvnili aqvs rogorc 

gaugebari aRmoCndeba (Sesq. 3,22; 11,5-7). zogjer Zvel aRTqmaSi 

pirs da mowafeebisaTvis ieso qristes adgils ikavebs. 

RmrTis samive piris saxelia miniSnebuli an saxeli RmrTi sa 

3.ÿaRdgomis Semdeg, roca macxovari mociqulebs warmarTebis 

(`wmida~) samgzisaa gameorebuli (fs. 32,6; es. 6,3). esaias wi gnidan 

mosaqcevad agzavnis, eubneba maT: `warvediT da moimowafeniT 

bolos moxmobili miTiTeba saidumloze gansa ku TrebiT naTeli 

yovelni warmarTni da naTels-scemdiT maT saxeliTa mamis- 

maSin xdeba, roca merve muxlSi vkiTxulobT: `vin mivavlino da 

aÁTa da ZisaÁTa da sulisa wmidisaÁTa~ (mT. 28,19). samive piri 

vin gagvegzavneba?~ Tu SevajerebT, imave az rs gamoxatavs iobis 

gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan, radgan TiToeuli sa kuT riv 

wignis muxlebi (33,4 da 35,10). zo gjer uf ali gansxvavebulia 

saxeldebulia, ~da~ kavSiriTaa gamoyofili da rogorc gansa- 

uflisagan (Sesq. 19,24; miq. 5,4; fs. 109,1). ma rTalia, nacvalsaxelis 

kuTrebuli piri (TiToeuli) Tayvaniscemis sagnadaa warmodge- 

gamoyenebis nacvlad zo g jer RmrT i s saxeli meordeba (gams. 16,28- 

nili. TviT dasaxelebaÿ_ÿmama da Ze da suliwmida _ gviCvenebs, 

29), magram imaves Tq ma zaqarias sityvebis misamarTiT (2,10-11) ar 

rom am pirebs, yovelgvari gansxvavebis miuxedavad, erTmaneT- 

SeiZleba. zo g jer ufali gansxvavebulia uflis angelozisagan, 

Tan mWidro kavSiri aqvT da erTnairi RmrTeebrivi Rirseba 

romelsac er Tdroulad RmerTis Tvisebebic, moqmedebebic da 

saxelic miewereba (Sesq. 16,7-13; gams. 3,2-4). dabolos, sayuradReboa, 

rom uflisagan gansxvavebulia uflis suli (es. 48,16; 63,10-11). 

ekuTvniT. 

Zv. aRTqmis yvela aseTi gamoTqmis Sedarebisas Cans, rom 

swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb 

ramdenadac ufro gansazRvruli xdeboda azri gamomxsnelisa 

da ganmwmedelis Sesaxeb, wm. samebis saidumloc miT ufro cxad- 

mociqulTa epistoleebSi 

deboda. Tavidan, drois Sesaferisad, RmerTis mravalpiriano- 

qristes mociqulebi RmerTSi ganasxvaveben mamas da Zes da 

baze miTiTebas vxedavT, Semdeg uflis angelozi Tavis TavSi 

suliwmidas da maTze, rogorc calkeul pirebze, miuTiTeben. mo- 

ucnauri RmerTis didebulebas aaSkaravebs da suliwmida adaciquli 

pavle wers: `madli uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi, da simianTa 

gulebis ganmwmendad vlindeba. qristes Sobis droi s Tvis 

yvaruli RmrTisa da mamisaÁ, da ziarebaÁ sulisa wmidisaÁ Tquen 

ki azri RmerTSi pirTa gansxvavebis Sesaxeb TiTqos xalxis 

yovelTa Tana~ (2 kor. 13,13). aqÿa) suliwmida iseve, rogorc mama 

sarwmunoebaSic gadadis, rac apokrifuli wignebidan Cans (sibrZ. 

RmerTi da ufali ieso, moqmed piradaa warmodgenili, xolo 

sol. 7,25; zir. 1,1-4). 

samive piri saxelebiTac da moqmedebebiTac gancalkevebulia, b) 

ÿieso qriste da suliwmida mama RmerTis Tanasworad, sulier 

saunjeTa mimniWeblad arian warmodgenilni. igive mociquli

106 samebis Sesaxeb mama RmerTi. Ze RmerTi 

107 

gvaswavlis: `xolo ganyofani madlTani arian, da igive suli 

ars. da ganyofani msaxurebaTani arian, da igive Tavadi ufali 

ars. da ganyofani SewevnaTani arian, da igive Tavadi RmerTi ars, 

romeli Seiqms yovelsa yovelTa Soris~ (1 kor. 12,4-6). ueWvelia, 

rom madlTa da msaxurebaTa ganyofa pirebis moqmedebaa, da suliwmidisTvisac 

naTladaa naTqvami (mux. 11), rom igi yoveliveSi 

moqmedebs. maS, suli da ufali gansxvavebuli pirebia, magram 

isini yovli sa da yovelTa Soris moqmedSi erTiandebian. 

mociquli petre wers rCeulebs: `winaÁswar cnobiTa RmrTisa 

mamisaÁTa da siwmidiTa sulisaÁTa dasamorCilebelad da 

sapkurebelad sisxlisa iesu qristesisa. madli Tquen Tana da 

mSÂdobaÁ ganmravldin!~ (1 pet. 1,2). aq a) suli moqmed pirad unda 

miviCnioT, radgan mamisa da qristes daradaa warmodgenili, b) 

mama, Ze da suliwmida ki Cveni gadarCenis wyarod da, maSasadame, 

RmrTeebriv pirebad gvevlinebian. 

wm. samebis saidumlo naTladaa mocemuli mociqulebisa da 

TviT ieso qristes mraval sxvadasxva moZRvrebaSi, sadac kerZod 

laparakia an Zis, rogorc WeSmariti RmerTis, an suliwmidis, 

rogorc RmrTeebrivi piris, an RmerTSi mamisa da Zis pirebis 

gansxvavebis Sesaxeb. ukeTu mamaca da Zec da suliwmidac RmerTia, 

da amave dros TiToeuli pirovnuli TvisebiT aris daxasiaTebuli: 

maSin naTelia, rom RmerTSi sami ca l keuli piria. 

SeniSvna:ÿhipostasis Sesatyvisi terminis Sesaxeb adrec 

gavakeTeT SeniSvna, magram zedmeti ar iqneba Tu damatebiT 

aRvniSnavT, rom zogierT SedarebiT axal naSromSi (mag., n. 

yubaneiSvilisa da m. kelenjeriZis saxelmZRvaneloebSi) 

aRniSnuli terminis Sesatyvisad qarTuli enis normebiT 

sityva `saxe~-s gamoyeneba gaugebrobas iwvevs, radgan es 

ar a tradiciuli termini Tavisi SinaarsiT saxismetyvelebiTi 

mniSvnelobis matarebelia da realuri uzenaesi arsis 

gamomxatvel saRmrTismetyvelo terminad ar gamodgeba. 

aqedan gamomdinare, termini `samsaxovanic~ upirispirdeba 

`sampirovans~, radgan sami (sxvadasxva) saxis warmodgena 

RmrTis erTobis azrTan gvaSorebs, xolo Tuki mas pirdapir 

ragvarobis mniSvnelobiT gavigebT, maSin gamova, rom RmerTi 

Tavis Tavs samgvarad (samnairad, sami saxiT) avlens, rac, ra 

Tqma unda, Seusabamoa WeSmariti swavlebisaTvis. macxovris 

naTlobis drosac suliwmida mtredis saxiT gardamovida, 

magram xom ar SeiZleba xiluls TviT uxilavis (Rmer- 

Tis) saxeli ewodos, `rameTu sityÂsaebr didisa dionosisa, 

RmrTeebisa gardamosvlaÁ da aRsvlaÁ ara ars, rameTu ese 

gareSemowerilisa saqmeni arian, xolo igi gareSemouwerel 

ars da saxis CuenebiT xolo saxilvel~ (Zv. met. kr. 1986, gv. 

257, aSiaze). naTelia, rom saxe ar SeiZleba pirTan gaigivdes 

da igi verc samebis hipostasTa erTarsobis gamomxatvel 

mniSvnelobas daitevs. amitom hipostasi (rus. ë,ö%), tradiciisamebr 

rogorc piri (an gvami) da ara rogorc saxe (rus. 

%K!=ƒ) unda gadaiTargmnos. 

mama RmerTi 

is, visac israelis mama (es. 63,16; malaq. 1,6), an mama qristianeTa 

(ef. 4,6; 1 kor. 8,6) da yovelTa kacTa (mT. 11,25) ewodeba, 

aris WeSmariti RmerTi. aq saeWvo araferia, magram amdenadve 

ueWvelia isic, rom WeSmarit RmerTs mama Tavis mxolodSobil 

ZesTan damokidebulebaSic ewodeba, romelic man Sva. TviT Ze 

RmrTisa da wm. mociqulebi RmerTs mamas am sityvis sakuTari 

mniSvnelobiT uwodeben (in. 1,18) da Semoqmedad warmoadgenen 

(in. 5,17). `mravliT kerZo da mravliT saxiT maSinve RmerTi 

etyoda mamaTa winawarmetyuelTa mier, xolo ukuanaÁsknelTa 

amaT dReTa metyoda Cuen Zisa mier TÂsisa~ (ebr. 1,1; ef. 4,6; 3,14); 

da amrigad, mxolodSobili Zis mamac WeSmariti RmerTia. 

Ze RmerTi 

qristianuli gamocxadeba naTlad gamoxatavs im azrs, rom 

Ze RmrTisa RmerTia. es swavleba mocemulia rogorc TviT 

Ze RmerTis _ ieso qristes, ise wm. mociqulTa moZRvrebebSi, 

romelTagan Cven mxolod pirvels ganvixilavT. 

is, vinc miwaze amdeni daiTmina, amave dros sakuTar RmrTeebriv 

Tvisebebzec miuTiTebda. ase mag., roca iesos garSemoxveuli 

iudevelebi daJinebiT ekiTxebodnen _ vin iyo igi, pasuxad macxovari 

ase eubneboda maT: `da aravin mimtacnes igini (cxovarni) 

xelTagan CemTa~ (in. 10,28). `me da mamaÁ Cemi erT varT~; Tavis 

Zlierebas warmoaCenda, romelic yvela Seqmnil Zalaze meti

108 Ze RmerTi suliwmida RmerTi 

109 

iyo da Tavis Tanasworobas mama RmerTTan pirdapir acxadebda. 

gulgamwyralma iudevelebma qvebi aRmarTes iesoze da eubnebodnen: 

`keTilisa saqmisaTÂs qvasa ara dagkrebT Sen, aramed 

gmobisaTÂs, da rameTu kaci xar Sen da giyofies Tavi Seni RmerT~ 

(mux. 33). maTi azriT, ieso qristem RmrTeebrivi Tvisebebi miiniWa. 

Tumca macxovarma ar uaryo misi sityvebis amgvari gageba, magram 

sakuTari piris Sesaxeb Rrma swavlebasTan rom mieaxlovebina 

isini, uTxra maT: àra weril arsa sjulsa, viTarmed: me vTqu: 

RmerTni same xarT?~ (mux. 34-37); da Semdegac, isev Tavisi saqmeebiT 

amtkicebda, rom igi aris Ze RmrTisa yvelaze umaRlesi 

da namdvili gagebiT, xolo mi si kavSiri mamasTan umWidroesi 

da erTaderTia (mux. 38); iudevelebi naTlad xedavdnen, rom igi 

Tavis Tavze gamo Tqmul azrs amtkicebda da Tavis erTobas mamas- 

Tan pirdapir aRiarebda, maT ki mainc surdaT misi Sepyroba (mux. 

39; in. 14,9-11). sxva adgilas qriste iudevelebs eubneba: `pirvel 

abrahamis yofadmde me var~ (in. 8,58), xolo mamis mimarT locvaSi 

ambobs: `da aw madide me, mamao, Tavisa Senisa Tana didebiTa miT, 

romeli ma qunda winaSe Sensa uwinares soflis dabadebisa~ (in. 

17,5). pi rvel muxlSi Ze RmrTisa Tavis maradiulobaze miuTiTebs, 

xo lo meoreSi _ maradiulobis garda maradiul didebasa 

da um Widroes Tanaziarobaze maradiulTan da maradiulTan 

TanaziarobiT maradiul didebasac ganmartavs. 

Ze RmrTisa aswavlida aseve, rom mas SeuZlia akeTos da 

akeTebs kidec yvelafers, rasac akeTebs mama misi _ RmerTi 

WeSmariti: `mamaÁ Cemi moaqamomde iqms, da meca viqm~ (in. 5,17). 

uwodebs ra RmerTs mamas _ Tavis Tavs qveynis gangebis saRmrTo 

saqmes miawers: rogorc ki es gaiges, iudevelebi eZiebdnen iesos 

mokvlas, `rameTu ara xolo Tu SabaTsa dahxsnida, aramed Rmer- 

Tsaca mamad TÂsa ityoda da Tavsa TÂssa swor hyofda RmrTisa~ 

(mux. 18). macxovari ar uaryofs, rom igi RmerTia, piriqiT, am 

azrs kerZod imiT icavs, rom a) misi neba igiveobrivia mamis 

nebisa (mux. 19) da rom b) mas iseve SeuZlia mkvdris gacocxleba, 

rogorc mamas (mux. 21), g) agreTve msgavsad mamisa Tavis TavSive 

upyria cxovreba (mux. 26). naTelia, rom Ze RmrTisa samyaros 

yovladZlieri ganmgebelia. 

`grwmenin RmrTisaÁ da grwmenin Cemda momarT~ (in. 14,1), `raÁ- 

Ta yovelni pativ-scemden Zesa, viTarca igi pativ-scemen mamasa~ 

(5,23). rogorc vxedavT, Ze RmerTi iseTsave pativs moiTxovs da 

iseve saWiroebs Tayvaniscemas, rogorc mama RmerTi. 25 

suliwmida RmerTi 

wm. werilSi, iseve rogorc Ze RmerTi, suliwmidac isea gamoxatuli, 

rom masSi RmrTeebrivi arseba, RmerTia naCvenebi. 

gamocxadeba suliwmidas WeSmariti RmerTis saxels, Tvisebebsac 

da saqmeebsac miawers da brZanebs, rom mas iseTive pativi miegos, 

rogorc RmerTs. 

1.ÿmas RmerTi ewodeba. a)ÿmociquli petre ananias eubneba: 

`raÁsaTÂs aRavso guli Seni eSmakman cruebad sulisa wmidisa, 

ara ecruve Sen kacTa, aramed RmerTsa~ (saqm. 5,2-4). aq rom 

suliwmidaa wodebuli RmerTad, iqidanac Cans, rom RmerTi 

adamianTanaa Sepirispirebuli da ara suliwmidasTan. amaze 

mety velebs agreTve danaSaulis simZime, romelmac suliwmidis 

momatyuebeli dasca. b)ÿmociquli pavle qristianebs xan suliwmidis 

taZars (1 kor. 6,19), xan RmrTis taZars (3,16) uwodebs da 

ukanasknel saxeldebas TviTonve imiT ganmartavs, rom maTSi 

suli RmrTisaa damkvidrebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, mociqul is 

TqmiT suliwmida RmerTia. g) esaia winaswarmetyveli we r da: 

`da mesma xmisa uflisa metyvelisa... vidode da arqu ersa amas~ 

da sxv. (6,8-9). mociquli am xmas ase xsnis: `keTilad it yoda 

suliwmidaÁ esaias mier: mived erisa amas~ da sxv. (sa qm. 28,25). 

aqedan gamomdinare, mociquli RmrTismetyveleba Si gvaxedebs 

da suliwmidas ufals uwodebs, raTa RmerTSi esaias mimarT 

metyveli suliwmida davinaxoT. 

2.ÿwarmarTTa maswavlebeli suliwmidis Sesaxeb ambobs: a) 

`rameTu suli yovelsave gamoeZiebs, da siRrmesaca RmrTisasa~ 

(1 kor. 2,10). ese igi suliwmidas ara mxolod yovlismxedvelobas 

miawers, aramed RmrTis saidumloTa codnasac; es ki TviT mociquli 

pavles ganmartebiT, imasac niSnavs, rom suliwmida ara 

25 miuxedavad imisa, rom Ze RmerTis _ ieso qristes RmrTeebriobis Sesaxeb 

TviT mociqulTa mraval swavlebas ar SevxebivarT, moxmobili adgilebic 

sakmarisia ieRovas mowmeTa da maT msgavsTa samxileblad, magram Tuki 

guli ara WeSmaritebis Secnobisken, aramed sibneliskenaa midrekili, 

maSin, ra Tqma unda, masSi naTeli ver SeaRwevs.

110 suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba 

111 

Seqmnili goneba, aramed RmerTia (rom. 11,34). b) mociquli suliwmidis 

Sesaxeb azrs kidev ufro naTlad gamoxatavs sityvebSi, 

romelic suliwmidis yovlismxedvelobaze miuTiTebs: `vin-me 

ukue icis kacman kacisaÁ, garna sulmanve kacisaman, romeli ars 

mis Tana? egreca RmrTisaÁ aravin icis, garna sulmanve RmrTisaman~ 

(1 kor. 2,11). es Sedareba _ RmrTis sulis damokidebulebisa 

RmerTTan da adamianis damokidebulebisa mis su lTan _ srulad 

gamoxatavs im azrs, rom RmrTis suls RmerTTan TviT bunebiTi 

kavSiri aqvs. g) igive mociquli suliwmidas yvela adamianisTvis 

madlis mimniWe bels uwodebs (1 kor. 12,4-11): àmas yovelsa 

Seewevis erTi da igive suli~, da amrigad mas RmrTis Tvisebas 

_ yvelganmyofobas miawers. 

3. wm. werili aniWebs ra suliwmidas RmrTis Tvisebebs, mas 

WeSmaritebisa da siwmidis wyarod miiCnevs. TviT mas ewodeba _ 

suli WeSmaritebisa (in. 15,26). aseve isic, rac mis mier aR iZvreba, 

sruli WeSmariteba da siwmidea; misi winaswarme t yvelebani 

namdvilia, swavleba ki _ ucilobeli. igi adamians srulyofili 

siwmindisken, wminda locvisken aRZravs: `rameTu raÁmca igi 

viloceT, viTar-igi jer-ars, ara viciT; aramed TÂT igi suli 

meox ars CuenTÂs sul-TqumiTa miT usityueliTa~ (rom. 8,26). 

xolo amgvari moqmedeba ki erTsa da WeSmarits, siwmidisa da 

WeSmaritebis wmida wyaros _ RmerTs SeuZlia. igi, vinc mociqulebs 

gansakuTrebuli madliT _ winaswarmet y v e lebebiT, 

saswaulebiT, enaTa codniT da sxv. ajildoebs, ra sakvirvelia, 

yovlisSemZled unda iqnes miCneuli. xolo es um aRlesi nebiT 

madlTa ganmyofeli suliwmidaa (1 kor. 12,4-12). 

4. wm. werilidan aseve Cans, rom suliwmidas RmrTiuri pativi 

unda miegos. ase mag., mociquli pavle suliwmidis saxeliT 

iseve amowmebs, rogorc Zis saxeliT (rom. 9,1). 

suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba 

gavarkvieT, rom RmerTis sami piri _ mama, Ze da suliwmida 

_ RmrTis Tvisebebsa da Zalebs ki ar warmoadgenen, aramed 

cal keul pirebs, romelTac erTi da igive RmrTeebrivi arsi 

aqvT. axla ki vnaxoT samebis pirebi erTmaneTisgan romeli 

damoukidebeli TvisebebiT gansxvavdebian. 

raSi mdgomareobs RmerTi suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba? 

`xolo raJams movides nugeSinis-mcemeli igi, romeli me movavlino 

Tquenda mamisa Cemisa mier, suli WeSmaritebisaÁ, romeli 

mamisagan gamovals, man wamos CemTÂs~ (in. 15,26). ase eubneba macxovari 

Tavis mowafeebs zecad amaRlebis win. yvela Tanaxmaa, rom 

am sityvebSi mocemulia swavleba suliwmidis sakuTari Tvisebis 

Sesaxeb; aseve yvela Tanaxmaa, rom aq sityvasityviTaa naTqvami 

suliwmidis sakuTari Tvisebis _ ma misagan gamomavlobis Sesaxeb. 

es sityvebi mTavari azris garda (e.i. rom suliwmida daamowmebs 

ZisTvis) Semdeg or az rsac Seicavs:ÿa) suli WeSmaritebisaÁ 

ieso qristes mier iqneba movlenili mociqulebTan da b) suli 

WeSmaritebisaÁ mamisagan gamodis. suli WeSmaritebisaÁ gamodis 

da suliwmida igzavneba _ sulis mdgomareoba sruliad gansxvavebulia: 

magram amas yvela ar eTanxmeba, aramed fiqroben, 

rom es erTi da igive mdgomareoba, anu suliwmidis gamomavlobaa. 

26 amgvari ganmartebis cdomileba iqidan Cans, rom a) 

ÿTviT drois gansxvaveba _ romeli me movavlino da gamovals 

_ gviCvenebs, rom aq suliwmidis erTi da igive mdgomareoba 

sruliadac araa aRwerili. gamovals _ zmnis es forma Zalian 

zustad gamoxatavs maradiul, ucvlel mdgomareobas; msgavsadve 

ambobs Ze RmrTisa Tavis Tavze: `pirvel abrahamis yofadmde 

me var~ (in. 8,58). magram roca Ze RmrTisa suliwmidisTvis ambobs: 

movavlino Tquenda, aq zmnis forma gviCvenebs, rom ufali 

droul movlinebaze laparakobs. macxovari imave movlinebas 

araerTxel gamoxatavs momavali droiT, _ roca amowmebs mamis 

Sesaxeb: `sxuaÁ nugeSinis-mcemeli mogivlinos Tquen~ (in. 14,16), 

`romeli moavlinos saxeliTa CemiTa mamaman~ (mux. 26) da Tavisi 

TavisaTvis: `romeli me movavlino Tquenda mamisa Cemisa mier~ 

(15,26). b) rogorc wesi, CarTuli azri misiT gayofili azrebisgan 

gansxvavdeba; am SemTxvevaSi ki gviCvenebs, rom sityviT: 

gamovals imave azrs ar gamoxatavs, rasac sityva: movavlino, da 

piriqiT. g) sityva movavlino imaves rom gviCvenebdes, rasac 

sityva gamovals, maSin es ganmeoreba iqneboda _ me movavlino 

Tquenda mamisa Cemisa mier, romeli mamisagan gamovals. gan- 

26 Cveni wyaro asaxelebs kaTolikuri cru dogmatis damcvel laTin 

RmrTismetyvelebsa da iezuit avtorebs, romlebic suliwmidis Zisganac 

gamomavlobis Sesaxeb winaswarganzraxuli mosazrebis sasargeblod wm. 

werilis teqstebsac ki amaxinjeben.

112 hipostasTa sakuTari Tvisebebi 

113 

meoreba miT ufro sakvirvelia, rom wina sityvebi amis gareSec 

ukve gaZlierebulia; d) Tuki suliwmida Zisagan moivlineba, 

mxolod imitom, rom maTi RmrTeebrivi buneba erTi da igivea 

da dacemuli ad amianis aRdgenaSi TavTavianTi rigiT monawileoben; 

imave mizeziT wm. werilSi ikiTxeba, rom Zec moivlineba 

suliwmidis mier (es. 61,1; 48,16), maSin roca Zis dausabamo Soba 

mxolod da mxolod mamas ekuTvnis da ara suliwmidas, da, aqedan 

gamomdinare, erTi piris mier meoris movlineba sruliadac ar 

gu lis xmobs erTi pirisagan meoris gamomavlobas. e)ÿmacxovris 

moyvanil sityvebSi suliwmidis gamomavloba mamisagan da Zisagan 

rom iyos gaazrebuli, maSin igi suliwmidis Sesaxeb ityoda: 

romeli Cvengan gamovals, an: mamisagan da Cemgan gamovals. ase 

miT umetes imitom unda yofiliyo, rom macxovari amSvidebs ra 

mowafeebs suliwmidis movlenis dapirebiT, am movlinebas iqve 

miawers rogorc Tavis Tavs, aseve mamas (in. 15,26; 14,26), xolo 

sxva SemTxvevaSi ase gamoTqvams: `me da mamaÁ Cemi erTi varT~. 

amrigad, macxovris sityvebiT suliwmida mamisagan gamodis, magram 

igzavneba mamisa da Zis mier; pirveli suliwmidis sakuTari, 

ucvleli Tvisebaa, ukanaskneli ki _ SemoqmedebiTi mdgomareobis 

msgavsi, SemTxveviTi mdgomareobaa. 

macxovari suliwmidis Sesaxeb ambobs: `man me madidos, rameTu 

Cemgan miiRos da giTxras Tquen. yoveli, raodeni aqus 

ma masa, Cemi ars; da amisTÂs garqu Tquen, rameTu Cemgan miiRos 

da giTxras Tquen~ (in. 16,14-15). aq zogierTebi sityvaSi Cemgan 

Zis sakuTar yofierebas gulisxmoben, da sityvebSi: yoveli, 

raodeni aqus mamasa, Cemi ars, im azrs xedaven, rom ramdenadac 

yovelive, rac mamas ekuTvnis, ekuTvnis Zesac, amdenad unda 

davaskvnaT, rom suliwmida mamisagan da Zisgan gamodis. magram 

1)ÿsityvebi Cemgan miiRos _ aq araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar niSn avs, 

rom suliwmida misi hipostasidan gamodis, anu azrobrivad es 

sityvebi igiveobrivi araa im sityvebisa, romelic mamaze Tqva: 

romeli ma misagan gamovals. 27 macxovars, suliwmidis maradiul 

27 radgan qarTul teqstSi mkafio gansxvaveba ar Cans, amitom yuradReba 

berZnuli dednis windebulebis gansxvavebaze gavamaxviloT da rusul 

redaqcias SevudaroT, sadac èk tu emu~-s Sesatyvisia от Моего da ara от 

Меня da `para tu patros~-isa от Отца. qarTulSi ki am adgilas naxmaria 

sityvebi: `Cemgan~ da `mamisagan~. 

gamomavlobaze miTiTebisas, ar SeeZlo eTqva: miiRebs; radgan es 

iqneboda miTiTeba imaze, rom suliwmida manamde ar gamodi oda, 

e.i. ar arsebobda; xolo imisi daSveba, rom zmniT miiRos axlandeli 

mdgomareobaa gamoxatuli, ar SeiZleba, radgan rogorc 

zmnis formis pirdapiri mniSvneloba, ise misi kavSiri sxva zmnebTan: 

madidos, giTxras amis saSualebas ar iZleva. 2) `yoveli, 

raodeni aqus mamasa, Cemi ars:~ es sityvebic ar Seicavs im azrs, 

romlis danaxvac masSi undaT, radgan a)ÿwm. werilSi arcTu 

iSviaTad sityva yoveli gamoxatavs yovelive imas, rac cnobili 

(aRniSnuli) sagnebis rigSi igulisxmeba; b)ÿwm. werilis swavlebiT, 

mama RmerTs aqvs sakuTari Tviseba, romelic Zes ar gaaCnia, 

da amitom yoveli ve rac mamas aqvs, Zes ar ekuTvnis: xolo Tuki 

yovelive gaaCnia, maSin es sakuTar Tvisebebze ar vrceldeba; 

g)ÿazris dakavSirebiT Cans, rom ieso qriste adamianTa xsnis 

saqmeze laparakobs; aseve am muxlis azrobrivi kavSiri msgavs 

adgilTan (1 in. 5,9) gvi Cvenebs, rom saqmeebi, romelsac Ze mamis 

msgavsad iqms, suliwmidis maradiul gamomavlobas ar gulisxmobs. 

d) amrigad, macxovris sityvebis azri Semdegia: `yovelive 

rac mamas aqvs (adamianTa xsnis saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi), Cemia~. 

wm. werilSi suliwmida zogjer qristes, Zis sulad iwodeba: 

magram ara imitom, rom suliwmida qristesgan gamodis, ara med 

imitom, rom adamianTaTvis suliwmidis niWTa mopoveba qristes 

sisxlis safasurad gaxda SesaZlebeli, da kidev imitom, rom 

suliwmida Tavisi TvisebiT qristes sulis igiveobrivia (filp. 

1,19; galat. 4,6). 

Ze RmerTisa da mama RmerTis 

sakuTari Tvisebebi 

wm. werilis mixedviT, Ze RmerTis ganmasxvavebel niSnad unda 

miviRoT is, rom igi arc mSobelia da arc gamomavlinebeli 

RmrTeebrivi pirisa, aramed mama RmerTisagan iSveba. Ze RmerTis 

mama RmerTTan damokidebulebaze TviT Zis saxeldebac naT lad 

miuTiTebs. Tuki mama RmerTisTvis iTqmeba, rom misi Ze aris Ze 

RmrTeebriobiT, es sxvagvarad ar aixsneba, Tu Zeeba, So bileba, Ze

114 sakuTari Tvisebebi 

erTarsoba 

115 

RmerTis mamasTan damokidebulebis ganmasxvavebel ni Snad ar 

miviReT; sxvagvarad, kidevac rom es sityvebi: Soba, Ze eba, RmerT- 

Tan adamianuri gagebiT iyos dakavSirebuli, a) isini aq mainc 

mxolod zebunebrivis gulisxmisyofas gvaiZuleben; b) Sobis 

saerTo gagebas arsis ziaryofa emsaxureba, mag ram adamianuri 

Sobisas erTmaneTs erTi da im ave saxis arseba ez i areba, xolo 

Zis RmrTeebriv SobaSi er Ti da igive arsis ri cxobriv ziaryofas 

vgulisxmobT. amrigad, aq saWiroa mxo lod is SevityoT: Ze 

RmerTze, mamis Zesa da mamis sityvaze la pa rakisas wmida werili 

gulisxmobs Tu ara Zeebas RmrTeeb ri obiT, Tu mamis ZesTan 

mxolod zneobr ivi damokidebulebaa ga moxatuli ise, rogorc 

adamianebis Rm rTis Zeebad wodebis dros ? 

Tuki pirveli damokidebuleba igulisxmeba: maSin mamis mi er 

Zis Soba Ze RmerTis mamasTan bunebiTi damokidebulebis gamoxat 

vas emsa xureba, an rac igivea, Zis sakuTar Tvisebas wa rmoadgens. 

ra Cans wmida werilidan? is, rom Ze RmerTi _ sityva, wm. 

we rilis swavlebiT, WeSmariti RmerTia, raSic Cven zemoT msjelo 

bis drosac davrwmundiT; amjerad ki gaugebrobis Ta vidan 

asa cileblad ga varkvioT: iq, sadac laparakia Ze RmerTze, namdvi 

lad igulisxmeba Tu ara misi RmrTeebriobiT Soba mamisagan? 

a)ÿsityva _ Ze RmerTi wm. werilSi iwodeba, rogorc mxolod- 

So bili Ze RmrTisa, Tvisi Ze RmrTisa (in. 1,14; 3,16 rom. 8,32). 

xolo es saxeldebani TavisTavad gviCveneben, rom Ze RmrTisa 

Sobilia mama RmerTisgan da ara mis mier SeTvisebuli, radgan 1) 

mxolodSobili sakuTriv imas aRniSnavs, rom ma misagan mxo lod 

erTi igi iSva. igive mniSvneloba aqvs sityva mxolodSo bils 

wm. werilis enazec (berZ. `monogenes~). 2)ÿmociqulTan Tvi si Ze 

RmrTisa RmrTis mier gandidebuli RmrTis Zeebisgan gan sx va - 

vebulia (rom. 8,14-15), iseve rogorc RmerTis mamad Tvisad wodeba 

sakuTari Tavis RmrTis sworad miCnevas niSnavs (in. 5,18). 

b)ÿioane RmrTismetyveli, uwodebs ra sityvas mamis mxolod- 

So bil Zes, imave sityvisaTvis ambobs: `yovelive mis mier 

Seiqmna~ (in. 1,3). igi rogorc maradiuli, rogorc Semoqmedi da 

ara rogorc qmnileba ar SeiZleba RmrTeebriobasTan iseT 

damoki de bulebaSi iyos, rom mamas mxolod arasakuTrivi azriT 

eku Tvnodes: piriqiT, Tavisi TvisebebiT igi Ze RmrTisaa, mama 

RmerTisgan saukuniTgan Sobili. 

dabolos, g) TviT Ze RmrTisa Tavis Tavze ambobs, rom cxov- 

reba mamisagan miiRo, magram cxovreba _ TviTmyofi (in. 5,26); aqedan 

gamomdinare, rogorc Ze, igi Seuqmneli da mxolod Sobilia. 

amrigad, Sobileba Ze RmerTis ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebaa. 

mama RmerTis saxeli, roca misiT gamoixateba ara RmerTis 

da mokidebuleba qmnilebasTan, aramed mama RmerTisa RmrTiur 

pirebTan _ Zesa da suliwmidasTan, wm. werilSi arsad araa 

naTqvami, rom mama iSvebodes an gamodiodes vinmesagan; aramed 

piriqiT, naTladaa gamoxatuli, rom mamas cxovreba TavisTavad 

(TaviT TvisiT) aqvs (in. 5,26). amitom mama RmerTis sakuTar 

Tvisebas samarTlianad warmoadgens is, rom igi arc aravisgan 

iSveba da arc aravisgan gamodis. wm. werilSi garkveviTaa 

naTqvami, rom mama RmerTi aris mama mxolodSobili Zisa da 

rom suliwmida misgan gamodis (in. 15,26). amitom mamis ganmasxvaveblad 

isic unda miviCnioT, rom igi Sobs Zes da gamoavlens 

suliwmidas. 

RmrTeebriv pirTa erTarsoba 

radgan mama, Ze da suliwmida calkeuli pirebia, maT Soris 

gan sxvaveba TviT maTi arsis gansxvavebazec xom ar vrceldeba? 

Tu, arian ra isini RmrTeebrivi pirebi, arsiT erTs da ara sam 

RmerTs warmoadgenen? 

cnobilia, rom Zvel aRTqmaSi xSiradaa naxsenebi erTi Rmer- 

Tis sarwmunoeba (gams. 20,1-3; meor. sj. 4,19-39). cnobilia agreTve, 

rom Zv. da ax. aRTqmis swavlebaTa Soris ar aris da arc Sei- 

Zleba iyos rame winaaRmdegoba. Tuki ax. aRTqmis swavlebaSi 

sami RmrTeebrivi piri mkafiodaa gansxvavebuli, ueWvelad unda 

miviRoT, rom pirTa es sameboba RmrTis arsis erTobas ar ar- 

Rvevs; miT umetes, rom ax. aRTqmaSic erTi RmerTis sarwmunoeba 

pirdapir dasturdeba (mrk. 12,29; in. 17,3; saqm. 14,15-18). 

ax. aRTqmaSi pirdapiraa mocemuli swavleba Ze RmerTisa da 

mama RmerTis erTarsobis Sesaxebac. TviT Ze RmrTisa ambobs: 

`me da mamaÁ Cemi erT varT~ (in. 10,30). am sityvebSi, rogorc konteqsti 

gviCvenebs, laparakia ara Zisa da mamis nebis Tanxmobaze, 

aramed bunebis (arsobriv) erTobaze. isini im azris dasabuTebas 

emsaxurebian, rom Zes mis cxovars veravin mistacebs, anu rac

116 erTarsoba 

samyaros Seqmna 

117 

igivea, Zisa da mamis yovladZlierebis Tanasworobas warmoa- 

Cenen; gana am sityvebs SeuZliaT Zis Zlierebis damtkiceba, Tuki 

isini Zis mamasTan mxolod zneobriv igiveobas gviCveneben? 

ara. iudevelebma am sityvebSi gaiges, rom ieso Tavis Tavs 

RmrTis sworad warmoaCenda. WeSmaritebis maswavlebelmac 

misi sityvebis aseTi axsna ar uaryo, piriqiT daamowma kidec 

misi simarTle (mux. 32-33). 

ieso qriste Tavis Tavze ambobs: `romelman mixila me, ixila 

mamaÁ Cemi. rameTu me mamisa Tana var, da mamaÁ Cem Tana ars~ 

(in. 14,9-10). meore winadadebaSi mxolod ZaldatanebiT Se iZleba 

SevitanoT azri Zisa da mamis mxolod zneobrivi er Tobis Sesaxeb, 

xolo pirvelSi gamoxatuli azri SeiZleboda macxovars 

nebismieri winaswarmetyvelisaTvis miekuTvnebina, Tuki ZeSi 

mamis sruli arsis anarekls ar igulisxmebda. 

dasasrul, Zisa da mamis erTarsobis Sesaxeb naTlad laparakobs 

mociquli iovane: `pirveliTgan iyo sityuaÁ da sityuaÁ 

igi iyo RmrTisa Tana, da RmerTi iyo sityuaÁ igi~ (in. 1,1). suliwmidisa 

da WeSmariti RmerTis erTarsoba ki naTlad ar is 

gamoxatuli mociquli pavles sityvebSi, roca igi suliwmi dis 

RmerTTan damokidebulebas iseve warmogvidgens, ro gorc adamianis 

sulisa adamianTan. 

RmerTi _ samyaros Semoqmedi 

`dasabamad qmna RmerTman caÁ da queyanaÁ~ (Sesq. 1,1). Rmr- 

TivSTagonebuli mwerlebi, miyvebian ra moses mier qveynierebis 

Seqmnis aRweras, naTlad gviCveneben, rom ca da qveyana RmerTis 

garda yovelive arsebuls moicavs. mociqulebi gvaswavlian, 

rom RmerTma Seqmna ca da qveyana da `yoveli, raÁ ars maT Sina~ 

(saqm. 14,15), yovelive casa da qveyanaze, xiluli da uxilavi, maT 

Soris umaRlesi sulebic (kol. 1,16) mis mier Seiqmna, mis gareSe 

araferi ar Seqmnila, rac ki droSi SemTxveviT arsebobs 

(in. 1,3; ef. 3,9). amave dros ax. aRTqma sityva qveyanaSi (berZn. 

`kosmos~) ara mxolod sasruli sagnebis erTobliobas, aramed 

samyaros mowesrigebulobasa da mSvenierebasac gulisxmobs, da 

araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar Seicavs azrs TviTmyofadi arsebis 

Sesaxeb. RmerTma siyvarulis maradiuli keTilganzraxviT 

yofiereba mianiWa imas, rac ar arsebobda. Tavisi saxierebiT 

dausabamod gansazRvra ararsebulis Tvis sicocxlis miniWeba 

da gansazRvrul momentSi samyaros yofiereba misca. wm. Teodorites 

sityviT: `RmerTi arafers ar saWiroebs, magram misi 

usazRvro saxierebiT keTilineba ararsebulisTvis yofiereba 

miemadlebina~. 

wm. werilis Tanaxmad samyaro RmrTis Tavisufali nebiT Seiqmna 

da ara RmerTSi aRsrulebuli raime gardauvali procesidan 

gamomdinare mizezis Sedegad. Tavisufali neba ki, iseve rogorc 

samyaros Seqmnis saqme, RmrTis samive pirze vrceldeba. 

samyaros Seqmna adamianis gonebisTvis saidumloa, amitom 

TviT Sesaqmis saxis sruli wvdoma SeuZlebelia. magram gamocxadeba, 

Cveni Semecnebis SesaZleblobis Sesabamisad, samyaros 

mowyobis Tanamimdevrobas gadmogvcems. mose winasw armetyvelis 

monaTxrobi WeSmariti istoriaa, sadac eqvs dReSi samya ros Seqmnisa 

da meSvide dRes RmrTis gansvenebis aRwera, ara mxolod 

moses, aramed mTeli saRmrTo gamocxadebis gamoxatulebaa. 

eklesiis mamebis swavlebiT moses monaTxrobSi Tavdapirvelad 

im nivTierebis Seqmnazea laparaki, romelic RmerTma araradan 

Seqmna, xolo Semdeg am masalis saxecvlilebiT Seqmnil 

samyaroze. 

yovladsaxierma da yovladZlierma ufalma Tavisi siyvaruli 

ara mxolod samyaros SeqmniT gamoavlina, aramed imiTac, rom 

misgan Seqmnil samyaros Tavisi ZaliT ganagebs da inarCunebs. 

gamocxadebis swavlebiT RmrTis am moqmedebas RmrTis gangebuleba 

ewodeba. saswaulebi da winaswarmetyveleba ni, romelic 

mudam Tan sdevda gamocxadebas, RmrTis gangebulebis xelSesaxeb 

dasabuTebas emsaxurebian. samyaros gangebuleba, RmrTis arsis 

erTobis gamo, ekuTvnis mamas da Zes da suliwmidas. rogorc 

aRvniSneT, RmrTis gangebuleba ori mTavari mo qmedebiT gamoixateba 

_ samyaros SenarCunebiT (dacviT) da samyaros gangebiT 

(marTviT). samyaros SenarCuneba RmrTis nebis is moqmedebaa, 

romliTac samyaro RmrTisgan miRebul yofierebas ar kargavs 

da arsebobas da moqmedebas agrZelebs. brZeni basilis TqmiT: 

`yoveli Seqmnili buneba, xilulic da gonebiT warmosadgenic, 

Tavisi Tavis SenarCunebisTvis RmrTis mzrunvelobas saWiroe

118 samyaros Seqmna 

angelozebis Sesaxeb 

119 

bs~. gamocxadeba naTlad da gadaWriT gveubneba, rom yoveli 

qmnilebis yofiereba RmrTis ZaliTaa daculi. RmrTis Zalis 

Semweobis gareSe yvelaferi ararad gardaiqceoda. samyaros 

gangeba ki RmrTis nebis is moqmedebaa, romliTac qmnilebaTa 

moqmedebis Zala maTTvis gankuTvnili miznisaken warimarTeba. 

rac Seexeba mizans, igi zneobrivi arsebebisTvis RmrTis msgavsebisken 

miswrafebaSi mdgomareobs, xolo cxovelTa da 

mcenareTa samyaroÿ-ÿsicocxliTa da yofierebiT tkbobisTvisaa 

mowodebuli. Tuki RmerTma samyaros Seqmnisas mas garkveuli 

mizanic daudgina, maSin, rasakvirvelia, mas axlac mxedvelobaSi 

aqvs es mizani, da surs, rom igi miRweul iqnas. samyaros miyvana 

am miznamde mas, rogorc yovlisSemZles, SeuZlia. xolo rogorc 

saxieri, mis mier Seqmnili qmnilebebis sikeTisTvis yvelafers 

akeTebs, Tumca zneobrivi qmnilebebis TavisuflebaSi ar ereva, 

aramed keTil saqmeSi mxolod exmareba maT. ganmgebeli 

borotebasac uSvebs, radgan borotebis SesaZlebloba qmnilebis 

Tavisuflebisgan ganuyofelia. boroteba Tavisuflebis borotad 

gamoyenebis Sedegs warmoadgens; igi sikeTis uaryofa da 

RmerTTan dapirispirebaa. ganmgebeli yvela Rones xmarobs, rom 

Tavisufleba codvisgan Seakavos da amisTvis codvis Cadenas 

kanoniT krZalavs, acxrobs sasjelebiT da borotebis Sedegebs 

anelebs. RmrTis gangebiT fizikuri boroteba zneobrivi arsebisTvis 

wamalia, amiTi igi codvils sinanulisken mouwodebs, 

wmends codvebs da saTnoebiT ufro srulyofils xdis. 

RmerTi _ Semoqmedi 

da ganmgebeli angelozebisa 

saxeldeba angelozi (berZ. àngelos~) sakuTriv macnes, 

mo ambes niSnavs, magram am saxeliT iwodebian RmrTis gansakuTrebuli 

qmnilebebi, usxeulo arsebebi, romelTac goneba 

da neba aqvT miniWebuli. Zveli da axali aRTqmis gamocxadeba 

sulebis Sesaxeb garkveviT gvaswavlis, rom isini namdvilsa 

da piro v nul arsebebs warmoadgenen. wminda sulebis anu angelozebis 

sa myaro, iseve rogorc yvelaferi, Seqmnilia RmrTis 

mier. miuxedavad imisa, rom sarwmunoebisTvis aucileblad ar 

miiCneva maTi Seqmnis zusti drois dadgena, eklesiis mamaTa 

swavlebiTa da iobis wignis (38,7) gaTvalisw i nebiT, angelozebi 

qveynis dafuZnebisas ukve ugalobdnen ufals, anu angelozebis 

Seqmna nivTieri samyaros Seqmnas win uswrebda. 

gamocxadeba angelozebis bunebis Sesaxeb saerTod gvaswavlis, 

rom igi yvela sulSi wminda da RmrTis qmnilebaTagan 

usrulyofilesi iyo. isini sulieri arsebebi arian. macxovari 

maT sulebs uwodebs da ambobs, rom suls xorci da Zv a li ara 

aqvs, iseTi xorcic ki, rogoric TviT mas aRdgomis Semdeg hqonda 

(lk. 24,39), roca mowafeebTan Sesvla daxSuli karebiTac SeeZlo 

(in. 20,19). wm. werilis swavlebiT, angelozebs araviTari xorcieli 

moTxovnilebebi ara aqvT, àrca iqorwinebodian, arca 

ganhqorwinebden~ (mT. 22,30), iseve rogorc sikvdils ar eqvemdebarebian 

(lk. 20,35-36). wm. werilSi saubaria angelozTa enis 

Sesaxeb, romliTac isini uflis saydars garSemoxveulni adideben 

RmerTs, magram iseve rogorc RmrTis saydari ar moiazreba 

sagnobrivad, aseve angelozTa enac grZnobieri azriT ar gaigeba; 

es angelozTa azrebisa da gr Znobebis saxeobrivi warmodgenaa. 

angelozTa sxvadasxvagvari cneba erTi mxriv gviCvenebs, rom 

angelozebi, maTi SemosazRvrulobis gamo, yvelgan ar imyofebian 

da ar moqmedeben, Tumca ki sagnobrivi samyaros sivrciT ar 

arian SemosazRv rul ni, meo re mxriv, maTi Cveneba amtkicebs, rom 

nivTieri saxeebi, riTac angelozebi ixilvebian, arsebiTad maT 

ar ekuTvniT. isini ama Tu im saxes adamianisTvis iReben, iseve 

rogorc Zvel aRTqmaSi TviT RmerTi cxaddeboda xilulad, 

magram is SemTxveviToba iyo da ara mudmivi yofiereba. 

gamocxadeba usxeulo sulebis Zalebs imdenad srulyofilad 

warmogvidgens, rom aseTi srulyofili Zalebi TviT pir ve 

lqmnil adamianSic ki ar yofila. wm. mefsalmune galobs, rom 

adamiani RmrTis xelidan angelozebTan SedarebiT mcired 

daklebuli gamovida (8,5); kerZod, wm. werili angelozebs a) im - 

denad srulyofili sibrZniT warmogvidgens, rom maTi xedva 

araCveulebrivi mecnierebis momcvelia, iseve rogorc rCe ul 

kacTaTvisaa uwyebuli (2 mef. 14,20), da maTTvis bevri is eTi ramis 

codnaa mindobili, rac adamianma ar icis (mrk. 13,32), Tumca ki maTi 

codna ar vrceldeba arc gulis saidumlo e basa (3 mef. 8,39) da arc 

SemTxveviT momavalze (es. 44,7). maTi goni WeSmaritebis Semecnebam 

kidev ufro unda srulyos (1 pet. 1,12). b) maTi neba wmindaa (mrk.

120 angelozebis Sesaxeb 

boroti angelozebis Sesaxeb 

121 

8,38) da SeuZlia umetes siwmindes miaRwios, vidre pirvelqmnil 

adamians SeeZlo mieRwia Tavisi nebiT. es dacemis im ufskrulidan 

Cans, romelSic zogierTi dacemuli suli aRmoCnda. amave dros 

angelozebis nebis sisrule yovladsrulyofilis siwmides ver 

wvdeba (iob. 4,18). g)ÿgamocxadeba angelozebis Zlierebas, maT 

mier sxvadasxva dros aRsrulebuli namoqmedariT gvi Cvenebs. 

mag., erT RameSi angelozma asurTa banakis 185 aTasi meomari 

gaanadgura (4 mef. 19,35), sxva SemTxvevaSi ki, egviptis yvela 

pirmSo mospo (gams. 12,23). arsebobs azri angelozebis eTeruli 

sxeulis Sesaxeb. magram es mxolod kerZo mosazrebaa. magram 

roca vambobT, rom angelozi usxeulo arsebaa, rogorc wm. 

ioane damaskeli gvaswavlis, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom àngelozs 

usxeulo mxolod CvenTan SedarebiT ewodeba, radganac 

erTaderT Seudarebel RmerTTan SedarebiT yovelive uxeSia 

da nivTieri; mxolod RmerTia arsebuli, univTo da usxeulo~. 

gamocxadeba gviCvenebs, rom RmrTis usxeulo gonieri qmnilebebis 

ricxvi Zalze didia. wm. werili angelozTa Soris 

xarisxebsac ganasxvavebs, imis Sesabamisad, Tu maTi RmrTivqmnili 

buneba ramdenad srulyofilia. areopagituli moZRvrebis Sesabamisad 

zeciuri sulebi sam ierarqiad nawildeba, ro mel Tagan 

TiToeuli sam dasad iyofa: umaRlesi ierarqia: serafimni, qurubimni, 

saydarni; saSualo ierarqia: uflebani, Zalni, xelmwifebani; 

umdablesi ierarqia: mTavrobani, mTavarangelozni, angelozni. 

angelozebi, rogorc Seqmnili arsebebi, yvelani ueWvelad 

RmrTis gangebis meTvalyureobis qveS imyofebian. miuxedav ad 

imisa, rom gamocxadeba angelozebs Tavisufad da TavisTavad 

RmrTis erTgul sulebad warmogvidgens, amave dros gvi Cvenebs, 

rom angelozebi Tavisuflebis ZaliT SeiZleba erTnair zneobriv 

mdgomareobaSi ar iyvnen; aseve erTnairi ar unda iyos maT 

mimarT ganmgeblis damokidebulebac. amrigad, Cven gvainteresebs _ 

laparakobs Tu ara gamocxadeba zogierTi sulis dacemis Sesaxeb. 

mociquli iuda gvaswavlis (1,6), rom zogierTi suli daeca da 

rom amave dros angelozebis mdgomareobis Secvla TviT maTsa 

da maTs Tavisuflebaze iyo damokidebuli. gamocxadebis swavlebiT 

ganmgebelis damokidebuleba angelozebisadmi Semdegnairad 

warmogvidgeba: a) qveynis mTavari miznis gansaxorcieleblad 

ganmgebelma yvela angelozs gansakuTrebuli msaxurebis 

saxe da adgili ganuwesa; b) ganmgebelma, angelozebis sakuTari 

Tavisuflebis Sedegad, zogierTi maTganis dacema dauSva. maTi 

dacemis mizezi ki ampartavneba iyo. Tumca sxvadasxva mosazreba 

arsebobs, 28 magram eklesiis mamaTa swavlebiT, ampartavneba aris 

is mTavari codva, romliTac sulebi daiRupn en da ramac isini 

borot sulebad, anu eSmakebad aqcia. 

RmrTis sityvis mowmobiT keTili angelozebi ganuwyvetliv 

Wvreten RmerTs da misi brZnuli saqmeebiT ganiswavlebian, 

ad ideben da aqeben mas, misi xma yvelas esmis da mis nebas aR asruleben. 

aseTi gamoTqma, rom keTili angelozebi ganuwyve tliv 

Wvreten RmrTis pirs, _ niSnavs, rom RmrTisadmi maT siyvaruls 

veranairi qmnileba ver anelebs da maTi netareba ucvlelia. 

gamocxadeba gansakuTrebulad warmogvidgens im ke Til angelozebs, 

romlebic adamianTa xsnis saqmeSi ganmgeblis rCevis aRmsruleblebad 

da TanaSemweebad arian dadgenilni. amas garda, 

saxierma ufalma TiToeuli morwmunisTvis gansakuTrebuli 

mfarveli angelozi daadgina. morwmune sazogadoebis yvelaze 

patara wevrsac ki hyavs Tavisi angelozi, romelic yove lTvis 

mzadaa qristes yrmis Semawuxeblis winaaRmdeg RmrTis winaSe 

iSuamdgomlos. morwmune sazogadoebas ki yoveli qristiani 

naTlobiT uerTdeba, raTa maradiuli sasufeveli daim k vidros, 

magram raki adamianis Zalebi sustia, amitomac ufalma TiToeuli 

morwmunisTvis, maTi cxonebis gzis mfa rvelo bisTvis, mfar veli 

angelozi daadgina, xolo adamianTan angelozis siaxlove TviT 

pirovnebazea da mokidebuli, anu imaze, Tu TviTon mas ramdenad 

surs sasufevlis damkvidreba. 

swavleba boroti angelozebis Sesaxeb 

gamocxadeba sulebis dacemas iseTive siZlieriT gamoxatavs , 

rogori Zalac maT Semoqmedisgan miiRes. mociquli pavle wers: 

28zogierTni Sesaqmis 6,2 muxlis araswori gagebis safuZvelze, RmrTis 

Zeebis adamianTa sulebTan kavSiris gamo, sulebis xorciel ltolvaze 

miuTiTeben. es mcdari mosazreba, romelsac wm. ioane oqropirma araki 

uwoda, qristianul eklesiaSi iudeuridan (ios. flabiosi) gadmovida. 

sinamdvileSi ki (БПЭ, t. 1, 1901. gv.704) aRniSnul muxlSi RmrTis Zeebi ara 

angelozebi, aramed adamis Zis, keTilmsaxuri seiTis STamomavlebi arian.

122 swavleba boroti 


123 

`SeimoseT yovlad saWurveli igi RmrTisaÁ, raÁTa SeuZloT 

Tqu en wina-dadgomad manqanebaTa maT eSmakisaTa, rameTu ara ars 

brZolaÁ Cueni sisxlTa mimarT da ÃorcTa, aramed mTavrobaTa 

mimarT da ÃelmwifebaTa, soflis mpyrobelTa mimarT bnelisa 

mis sawuTroÁsaTa, sulTa mimarT ukeTurebisaTa, ro melni arian 

casa queSe~ (ef. 6,11-12). aq a) TviT sisxlisa da xorcis dapirispireba 

mTavrobaTa da ukeTurTa mimarT, ise rogorc gamoTqma 

romelni arian casa queSe, naTlad gviCvenebs, rom laparakia 

ara adamianebTan, aramed ufro Zlier arsebebTan brZolaze. 

saxeldeba sulTa ki pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom es sakuTriv sulebia; 

b) es sulebi SorsmWvreti gonebiT arian warmodgenilni, 

romelTac TavianTi miznisaTvis (manqanebisaTvis) sxvadasxva 

xerxis mofiqreba SeuZliaT; g) maT iseTi Zliereba miewerebaT, 

rom soflis mpyrobelad da mTa vrebad iwodebian. maTTan 

sabrZolvelad qristians gansa kuTrebuli simamace sWirdeba; 

d) gamoTqma casa queSe sakma od mkafiod gamoxatavs, rom dacemuli 

sulebis samoqmedo adgili cisqveSeTiT ganisazRvreba. 

sxvagvarad mas mociquli ha ers uwodebs (iqve 2,2). amrigad, sadac 

ki haeria, borot sulebs yvelgan SeuZliaT moqmedeba, rac 

adamianebs, rogorc dedamiwis binadarT, saSiSroebas uqmnis. 

wm. werilis sxvadasxva adgilas weria, rom maT ician RmerTi 

(iak. 2,19), ician sanam gagrZeldeba maTi mTavroba (gamc. 12,12), maT 

sakuTari sibrZne (iak. 3,15) da mzakvroba (2 kor. 2,11; 11,3) aqvT; 

gars uvlian samyaros da adamianis zneobrivi yofierebis yvela 

mxares akvirdebian da swavloben, Tumca ro gorc iobis istoriidan 

Cans, zogjer momavali qmedebis gansazRvraSi scdebian 

(iob. 1,6-10). 

imis Tanaxmad, rasac mociquli pavle efeselebs eubneba, da 

wm. werilis sxva adgilebiTac, eSmaks sakuTari neba miewereba (2 

tim. 2,26). amave dros es neba imdenad Zlieria, rom misi qmedebis 

SezRudvisTvis saWiro iyo TviT macxovris gamocxadeba dedamiwaze 

(lk. 11,22-23; mT. 12,29) da odesme misi qmedebiT Tumca cru, 

magram mainc saswaulebi aResruleba (2 Tes. 2,9). 

borotma sulebma xarisxebi dacemis Semdegac SeinarCunes. 

gamocxadeba dacemuli sulebidan erT-erTs mTavrad warmogvidgens 

da mas satanas, eSmaks (mters, mowinaaRmdeges) uwodebs, 

sxvebs ki _ mis angelozebs (mT. 24,42; iob. 1,6); sxvagvarad mTavar 

suls belzebuls, 29 eSmakTa mTavars, beliars uwodebs (gamc. 

12,7-9; mT. 12,24; 2 kor. 6,15). mociquli pavle sibnelis mTavrobaTa 

da xelmwifebaTa Sesaxeb, rogorc ZaliTa da uflebiT 

gansxvavebul arsebebze, ise saubrobs (ef. 6,12; kol. 2,15). macxovari 

borot sulebSi iseTebsac gamoarCevs, roml e bic mxolod 

marxviTa da locviT ganidevnebian, TviT moci qulebsac ki ar 

SeeZloT maTgan ganTavisufleba locvisa da marxvis gareSe 

(mT. 17,21). agreTve dacemul sulebSi uboro tesnic ganirCevian 

(mT. 12,45). 

dacemuli sulebis moqmedeba adamianTa sulebis daRupvis 

miswrafebiT gamoixateba. maTi es boroteba gansakuTrebiT 

Ze RmerTis dedamiwaze gamoCenisas gamovlinda, radgan misi 

mizani adamianTa Soris eSmakis saqmeTa darRveva da adamianTa 

xsna iyo. eSmakisagan gamoicada TviT qriste (mT. 4,1); iuda iskariotelis 

gulSi manve Cado azri, rom macxovari mosaklavad 

gaeca (in. 13,2); SeupovarTa Tvalebs abrmavebda, rom qristes 

WeSmaritebis naTeli ar gamobrwyinebuliyo (2 kor. 4,4). roca 

macxovari mTesvaris igaviT adamianis sulis sxvadasxva zneobriv 

mdgomareobas ganmartavda, Tqva: `xolo gzasa zeda igini 

arian, romelTa esmis, merme movidis eSmaki da mouRis sityuaÁ 

igi gulisagan maTisa, raÁTa ara hrwmenes da cxonden~ (lk. 8,12). 

aq macxovari eSmaks zogierTi sulis mdgomareobaze iseTsave 

zemoqmedebis unars miawers, rogoric sxvebisTvis simdidres, 

tkbobas (mux. 14), an gansacdels (mux. 13) aqvs. sxvagan, amqveynad 

borotebis gamoCenaze igavis ganmartebisas, macxovari ambobs, 

rom mteri, eSmaki sargeblobs adamianis sulieri ZiliT, raTa 

mis dasaRupad RvarZli daTesos (mT. 13,37-40). zustad aseve 

mociqulebi aswavlidnen, rom èSmaki viTarca lomi myÂrali 

mimovals da eZiebs, vinmca STanTqa~ (1 pet. 5,8). igi samyaros 

acdunebs (gamc. 12,9) da qristiani RmrTis yvela saWurveliT 

unda aRiWurvos, raTa eSmakis Tavdasxmas winaaRmdegoba ga u wios 

(ef. 6,11). mociqulTa swavlebiT, satanas a) adamianis gonebaze 

damRupvelad SeuZlia imoqmedos, kerZod, SeiZleba misi dabneleba 

gamoiwvios (2 kor. 4,4); b) SeuZlia gulSi sulisaTvis 

mavne grZnobebi aRZras da keTili STabeWdilebebi gaafermk- 

29 belzebuli (ebr. `baal zebue~) nexvis batons, beliari ki (ebr. `belial~, 

siriuli warmoTqmiT ~beliar~) _ araraobis Tavads niSnavs.

124 swavleba boroti 


125 

rTalos; dabolos, g) mas SeuZlia neba borotebis Casadenad 

warmarTos (saqm. 5,3). 

boroti sulebis moqmedebidan Cans, rom RmerTi Tavisuflebis 

mizeziT uSvebs maT borotmoqmedebas, magram es imas ar 

niSnavs, rom ganmgeblis mier maT zraxvebs zRvari ar hqondes 

dadebuli. petre mociquli Semcode angelozebis Sesaxeb wers, 

rom isini RmerTma gankiTxvis dRisTvis wyvdiadis jaWvebiT 

Sekra, raTa sasjeli miiRon (2 pet. 2,4). mociquli iuda gvaswavlis, 

rom RmerTi dacemul sulebs ukanaskneli sasamarTlosTvis 

samaradiso sakrvelebiT wyvdiadis qveS inaxavs (mux. 6). 

mociqulTa sityvebidan gamomdinareobs, rom boroti sulebi 

gamouval-gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi imyofebian, magram ki dev 

elian sasamarTlos; maTi mdgomareoba mZimea, magram ician da 

grZnoben, rom maTi xvedris Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetileba 

jer kidev winaa da rom maT yvela TavianTi saqmis angariSi jer 

kidev Casabarebeli aqvT. borotma sulebma ician, rom mtanjveli 

bedi elodebaT, magram arsebobs Tu ara SesaZlebloba maTi 

xvedri sinanuliT Seicvalos? _ RmrTis saxierebis gamo, ra 

Tqma unda, arsebobs, magram radganac isini jiutad gaborotdnen, 

monaniebis SesaZleblobac sruliad dakarguli aqvT. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom borot sulebs Tavisuflad moqmedebis 

ufleba warTmeuli ara aqvT, RmrTis saxelis xseneba iseT Tavzars 

scemT, rom maT RmrTis daSvebis gareSe borotmoqmedeba ar 

SeuZliaT. Tumca ganmgebeli Tavis qmnilebebze uSvebs eSmakis 

momakvdinebel zemoqmedebas, magram am moqmedebisTvis zRvari 

aqvs dadebuli da Tan ara mxolod aRadgens darRveul wesrigs, 

aramed ukeTesobisken warmarTavs kidec mas. 

àw ars sasjeli amis soflisaÁ, aw mTavari igi amis soflisaÁ 

ganvardes gare~ (in. 12,31), ambobs macxovari. qveynis sasamarTlo 

nawilobriv Ze RmerTis swavlebiTa da cxovrebiT aResrula, 

romelmac mamis nebis aRsrulebisTvis TviT sikvdilic 

ki igema, nawilobriv im sasamarTloTi, romelmac Ze RmerTs 

soflis codvisTvis sikvdili arguna (rom. 8,3), nawilobriv ki 

nugeSismcemeli sulis ZaliT, romelmac adamianebi WeSmaritebiT 

ganswavla. amave dros, roca am soflis mTa vris xelisuflebam 

dartyma ganicada da adamianebma borotebaze gasamarjveblad 

suliwmindis yovladZlieri madli miiRes, maSin bneleTis Ta- 

vadma aqamde arsebuli misi sabrZanebeli dakarga da sakuTari 

samflobelodan gaZevebul iqna. macxovari imave azrs sxva sityvebiTac 

gamoxatavs: `vxedavdi eSmaksa viTarca elvasa, zeciT 

gardamovrdomilsa~ (lk. 10,18); da kidev ambobs, rom suli 

nugeSinismcemeli adamianebs im sasjelis Sesaxeb Sea g o nebs, 

romliTac am soflis mTavari daisaja (in. 16,11). suliwmindis 

madls naziarebi sulebi Sexedaven da darwmundebian, rom crumorwmuneoba, 

biwiereba da ugunureba, ro melic iudevelTa da 

warmarTTa samyaroSi bneleTis mTavarma ase gaamravla, dam- 

Rupvelia adamianebisTvis. àmisTÂs gamocxadna Ze RmrTisaÁ, 

raÁTa daarRÂnes saqmeni eSmakisani~, ambobs ioane maxarebeli 

(1 in. 3,8). eSmakis saqme ki tyuili da sibilwea, xolo maT dasa- 

Zlevad Zalas RmrTis madli iZleva. 

roca qristiani Tavisi nebiT eZleva codvebs, igi eSmakis 

gavlenis qveS eqceva (1 in. 3,8; kor. 7,5), magram advilad SeZlebs 

eSmakze gamarjvebas (1 in. 4,4), Tuki misTvis micemul saSualebebs 

sarwmunoebiT gamoiyenebs (ef. 6,16). es saSualebebia: a) 

ieso qristes saxelis mowodeba: `saxeliTa CemiTa eSmakTa 

ganasxmiden,~ ambobs macxovari (mrk. 16,17); b) locva da marxva. 

naTqvamia: èse naTesavi ver SesaZlebel ars ganslvad, garna 

locviTa da marxviTa~ (mrk. 9,19); sulieri mRviZareba: `ganifrTxveT, 

mRÂZare iyveniT, rameTu wina-mosajuli Tqueni eSmaki 

viTarca lomi myÂrali mimovals da eZiebs, vinmca STanTqa~ (1 

pet. 5,8). 

zedmeti ar iqneba aRiniSnos zneobrivi cxovrebis erTi 

mxare, romelic misnobasTan da misnebTanaa dakavSirebuli. 

maT wm. sjuli sasjels miagebs, radgan misnobiT mJRavndeba 

mtkice rwmena ara RmrTisa, aramed boroti sulebisa: àra 

SeudgeT Tquen mucliT mezRapreTa da msaxvralTa, ara SeeyenneT 

Seginebad maT Soris. me var ufali RmerTi Tqueni~ (lev. 

19,31). aseve SeiZleba iTqvas spiritizmis mimdevrebis mimarTac. 

isini amboben, rom borot sulebTan urTierTobaSi ar Sedian, 

magram a) gasakviri araa, rom moxerxebuli macdurebi ubralo 

subieqtebTan marjved moqmedeben da atyueben maT (2 kor. 2,11; 

11,3). Tumca spiritizmi Tavis Tavsa da Tavis sulebs TviTonve 

amxels: misi mixedviT erTia qriste da muhamedi, warmarTi da 

uria. xolo amgvari swavleba mxolod gandgomil sulebs Seu

126 adamianis Sesaxeb 

xateba da msgavseba 

127 

ZliaT; b) spiritizmi sulebTan dakavSirebas aswavlis, magram 

mociquli uwmindur sulebTan ara megobrobas, aramed maTTan 

brZolas brZanebs (ef. 6,12); g)ÿyovelgvari imedi, romelic 

RmrTis gangebis sasoebas Seuracxyofs, usjuloebaa. 

swavleba adamianis Sesaxeb 

wm. werili adamianis or mxares ganasxvavebs _ xilulsa da 

uxidavs, sulsa da xorcs. xrwnadi sxeuli, anu miwa sikvdils 

eqvemdebareba da miwasve ubrundeba, suli ki miwier cvlileb ebs 

ar eqvemdebareba da ukvdavia. pavle mociquli adamianSi (1 Tes. 

5,23; ebr. 4,12) ganasxvavebs suls, samSvinvelsa da gvams (sxeuls). 

magram masTan suliTa da samSvinveliT adamianis Sedgenilobis 

ori nawili ki ar aris aRniSnuli, aramed su l i eri cxovrebis 

ori mxare. wm. werilis zogierT adgilas samSvinveliT 30 sulieri 

organizmis mxolod udaresi mxarea ga m o xa tuli, romliTac 

adamiani usulo bunebisagan gansxvavdeba, magram jer kidev araa 

amaRlebuli ugono cxovelebze. 

wm. werilSi adamianis sicocxlis uxilav sawyiss xan samSvinveli 

(ä3ø=, berZ. `psixe~) da xan suli (ä3., berZ. `pnevma~) ewodeba. 

suli, samSvinveli _ pirovnuli arsebaa, romelic azrovnebs, 

grZnobs, natrobs; igi RmrTis mier Seqmnili su lieri arsebaa, 

romelic nivTieris sawinaaRmdego TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba. 

Tumca eklesiis maswavleblebi zogjer adamianis suls, samSvinvelsa 

da sxeuls axseneben, magram adamianis Sedgeniloba 

yovelTvis suliTa da sxeuliT aris gansazRvruli. 

adamianis Seqmna 

mose adamianis warmoSobas ase aRwers: a) nivTieri samya ros 

mowyobis Semdeg, gansakuTrebuli bWobis Sedegad, RmerTma Tavis 

30 Cvens wyaroSi miTiTebuli adgilebis Sesabamisad, berZnul dedanSi 

calke xmarebuli `psixe~ (samSvinveli) qarTul redaqciaSi Targmnilia 

rogorc `suli~, rac swored zemoaRniSnuli azris Sesabamisad, sulisa 

da samSvinvelis arsebiTi ganusxvavelobiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli. 

xatad Seqmna adamiani: `da Tqua RmerTman: vqmneT kaci xatad 

Cuenda da msgavsad... da Seqmna RmerTman kaci xatad RmrTisa~ 

(Sesq. 1,26-27). b) TviT sxeulis Seqmna, ise rogorc miwieri qmnilebebisa, 

sityviT ar momxdara, aramed RmerTma sxeulebrivi 

organizmi miwisgan Seqmna, romelSic sicocxlis sunTqva _ suli 

STabera (Sesq. 2,7). g) RmerTma adamis gverdisgan misi Semwe _ 

coli Seqmna (Sesq. 2,20-22). wm. ieronimes si tyviT: `visac swams 

RmerTi Semoqmedi, igi urwmuno Seiqneba, Tuki WeSmaritebad ar 

miiCnevs imas, rac misi wmindanebis mieraa dawerili, anu imas, rom 

adami miwisagan da eva ki misi neknisganaa Seqmnili~. xolo rac 

uSualod sulisa da xorcis warmoSobas Seexeba, suli dedis 

mucelSi sxeulebriv organizmTan erTad iqmneba. 

saxierma Semoqmedma pirvelSeqmnil adamians mravali niWi 

mimadla, qveynis mflobelad daadgina da misi sulieri Zalebi 

SemecnebisTvis SesaZlebeli samarTlianobiT srulyo. 

net. avgustine adamis sibrZnis warmosaCenad piTagorasac ki 

imowmebs, romelsac uTqvams: `yvelaze Wkviani is adamiani iyo, 

vinc sagnebs saxelebi uwodao~. pirvelSeqmnil adamians ara 

Tu nakli ar hqonda, aramed ukve siwmidiskenac iswrafoda. es 

iyo ucodveli mdgomareoba, xolo saTnoebiT gamdidreba nebis 

keTilmoqmedebiT unda momxdariyo. pirvelSeqmnili xorcieli 

SedgenilobiT avadmyofobisa da sikvdilisgan Ta vis ufali iyo. 

sxeulis rRveva masSi codvis SeRwevam gamoiwvia, rasac xiluli 

(samyaros) bunebis rRvevac mohyva; adamianis saqcielis gamo 

saerTod qmnileba daemorCila amaoebas da axla gadarCenas 

elodeba (rom. 8,19-22). 

RmrTis xateba da msgavseba adamianSi 

qristianuli eklesiis mamebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas 

aqceven imas, Tu ras niSnavs RmrTis xateba adamianSi. miuTiTeben 

ra xatebis mizeziT saerTod adamianis upiratesobaze yvela sxva 

miwier qmnilebasTan SedarebiT, saerTo azrs gamoTqvamdnen, rom 

es xati ara sxeulSi, aramed sulSi unda veZeboT. wm. osios kordubeli 

msoflio krebaze ambobda: `RmerTma Tavisi saxierebis 

gamo adamianis gonieri sawyisi xatebasa da msgavsebas, rogorc

128 xateba da msgavseba adamianis dacema 

129 

sikeTes, gulwrfelobas, siwmides, umankoebas, netarebas da misT. 

aziara~. amave dros isini pirvelSeqmnils umaRles sibrZnesa 

da siwmides ar miawerdnen. klimenti aleqsandrieli werda: 

`dae isminon Cvengan (eretikosebma), rom igi Seqmnisas mTlad 

srulyofili ar yofila, 31 magram mTeli sikeTis miRebis unari 

hqonda, radgan saTnoeba da misi srulyo fis unari _ erTi da 

igive ar aris. mas (RmerTs) unda, rom Cvenive nebiT gadagvarCinos~. 

amave azriT eklesiis maswavleblebi adamianSi RmrTis 

xatebas msgavsebisgan ganasxvavebdnen, anu aRiarebdnen ra, rom 

erTi mxriv sulieri Zalebi umoqmed od ar SeiZleba iyvnen, 

srulyofil Zalebs ki ar SeiZleba arasrulyofili moqmedeba 

axasiaTebdes, da meore mxriv, imave Zalebis gamovlena drosa 

da wvrTnas moiTxovs, amitom mamebi amboben, rom pirvel adamians 

RmrTis msgavseba mxolod sa wyisi saxiT mieca. wm. grigol 

noselis saxeliT cnobil TxzulebaSi vkiTxulobT: èrTi 

(xateba) mogca, meore ki (msgavseba) dawyebuli datova, raTa Sen 

Seni Tavis srulyofiT RmrTisagan samagiero jildos Rirsi 

gaxde~. xolo wm. ioane damaskeli wers: `xateba gonierebasa da 

Tavisuflebas niSnavs, xolo msgavseba _ saTnoebiT SesaZlebel 

damsgavsebas~; net. avgustine: `RmrTis xatad da msgavsad Seqmnili 

iseT suls ewodeba, romelsac WeSmariti Semecneba da 

saTnoebisadmi siyvaruli gaaCnia, radgan xateba SemecnebaSia, 

xolo msgavseba _ siyvarulSi. xateba imisganaa, rac gonieria, 

msgavseba ki imisgan, rac _ sulieri~. 

adamianis dacema 

uzenaesi ganmgebeli pirvelSeqmnils siyvaruliT icavda, magram 

TviTon adamianma ar daicva Tavisi Tavi da daeca. Se saqmis 

avtori mose ase aRwers pirveli adamianebis dacemas: sa mo TxeSi 

netarebiT mcxovreb adamsa da evas, garda cnobadis xisa, yvela 

xis nayofis Wamis ufleba hqondaT RmrTisgan micemuli, maT 

31igulisxmeba SedarebiTi srulyofileba, romelic ukve ganRmrTobiT 

miiR weva, Torem adamiani Tavidanve srulyofili iyo, anu yvela is unari 

gaaCnda, romelic mas ufro aRmatebul sisrulemde miRwevis SesaZleblobas 

aZlevda. 

Soris cxovrebis xisac, romelic adamians saukuno cxo vrebis 

unars unarCunebda. `xolo xisa misgan cnobadisa ke Ti lisa da 

borotisa ara SWamoT misgan, rameTu, romelsa dResa SWa moT 

misgan, sikudiliTa moswydeT~ (Sesq. 2,17), _ afrTxilebda ufali 

adams. cnobadis xe Tavisi mniSvnelobiT, rogorc gamocdis 

iaraRi, adamians uCvenebda, rom RmrTis morCilebiT misi si keTis 

Semecnebis netarebaa daculi, xolo ur C obaSi _ borotebis 

savalalo SegrZneba. magram cbierma qve warmavalma acduna 

dedakaci, aRZra ra masSi jer undobloba mcnebebisadmi, xo lo 

Semdeg ampartavneba. ramdenadac azri moqmedebs nebaze, un do - 

blobam da ampartavnebis ocnebam gana wyves igi danaSau li sTvis, 

xolo nayofis silamazem, romelic, rogorc Canda, gemri elic 

unda yofiliyo, codvas gadamwyveti gamarjveba moapovebina 

nebaze da man daarRvia mcneba. ded a kacma imden xans arwmuna 

qmari, sa nam manac mis magaliTs ar mi baZa da orivem ar Se Wama 

akrZalu li nayofi. 

danaSauls Sedegad sulieri bunebis samwuxaro daSla mohyva. 

`da ganexunes Tualni orTanive da agrZnes, rameTu SiSuel 

iyvnes. da Sekeres furceli leRÂsa da qmnes TavTa TÂsTa garemosartymelni~ 

(Sesq. 3,7). `ganexunes Tualni~ _ am gamoTqmis 

gamoyeneba niSnavs imas, rom moulodnelad dainaxes is, rasac 

adre ver amCnevdnen, dainaxes siSiSvle. ucnauria am `Tvalebis 

axelaSi~ davinaxoT Semecnebis sasiamovno gafarToeba, maSin 

roca pirvelSeqmnilTa Semecneba da samsjavro RmrTisa sruliad 

sawinaaRmdegos amboben amis Taobaze. pirvelSeqmnilni 

aSkarad SeSfoTebulni arian TavianTi axali mdgomareobiT, 

rogorc uCveuloTi. codvis Cadenamde maT ar rcxvenodaT TavianTi 

siSiSvlisa, imitom rom wmida iyvnen. axla ki, roca akrZaluli 

nayofi igemes, sxeulSi uwesrigo moZraoba igrZnes da 

SeigrZnes sakuTari sircxvili. `da esmaT ÃmaÁ uf lisa RmrTisaÁ, 

mavalisa samoTxesa Sina mimwuxri, da daimalnes adamca da coli 

misi pirisagan uflisa RmrTisa saSual xesa samoTxisasa~ (Sesq. 

3,8). dacemulebs jer kidev imdeni simtkice hqondaT SenarCunebuli 

TavianTi sulieri bunebisa, rom RmerTis siaxlove igrZnes; 

magram RmrTis didebulebam maTSi mxolod SiSi gamoiwvia da 

moindomes damalvodnen ufals. vis emalebian, yvelganmyofs? 

rogori dabnelebaa azrisa! ase mohyva gulis biwierebas azris

130 adamianis dacema adamianis xsna 

131 

dabneulobac. isini RmrTis winaSe SiSs gamoTqvamen, magram ara 

aRsarebis survils. RmerTi TviTon mouwodebs monaniebisken, 

magram isini Tavs arideben WeSmarit sinanuls, patiebas iTxoven 

danaSaulis erTmaneTze gadabralebiT: qmari dedakacs adana- 

Saulebs, dedakaci _ qvewarmavals. ase rom, lamis TviTon Semoqmedsac 

dasdon brali da amiT amJRavneben imas, rom keTili 

nebis winaaRmdegni arian. 

yoveliveSi, rac pirvel adamianebs dacemis Semdeg daemarTaT, 

ganmgebelma siyvaruli da samarTlianoba gamoamJRavna. roca 

pirvelSeqmnilebma dacemis gamo RmerTs Tavi aarides, RmerTma 

maT mimarT mowyaleba gamoiCina: TviTon miuaxlovda da gansakuTrebuli 

niSniT _ xmiT mianiSna kidec Tavis si axloveze. 

gonebadabnelebulma codvilebma ifiqres, rom yovlismcodnes 

daemalebodnen, magram man TviTon mouxmo Ta visTan: adam, sada 

xar? roca adamma SiSi gamoxata da ara Se gneba codvisa, ufalma 

TviTon mouwoda misi Segnebisaken msubuqi mxilebiT: vin giTxra 

Sen, rom SiSveli xar? igi moTminebiT ismens Tavis marTlebas, 

Tumca es marTleba mis mimarTac Seicavs sayvedurs. marTlmsajuli 

acxadebs sasjels: macdunebel gvels _ damcireba da mwuxareba, 

dedakacs _ tki vilebiT mSobiaroba da morCileba qmrisa, 

mamakacs _ damuSaveba miwisa, ara yovelTvis warmatebuli, magram 

yovelTvis momqancveli, miwas _ wyevla, mamakacsa da dedakacs 

_ xorcieli sikvdili da gandevna samoTxidan (Sesq. 3,14-24). am 

ukana sknel SemTxvevaSi RmerTi aris ara mxolod damsjeli 

da ma mxilebeli, aramed ubedurTa Semwynarebelic: `da Tqua 

ufalman RmerTman: aha adam iqmna, viTarca erTi Cuengani, mecnier 

keTilisa da borotisa~. _ esaa xma RmerTTan gatolebisa 

da yovelives codnis danaSaulebrivi survilis mxilebisa, im 

survilisa, romlis aRsrulebam, daumorCileblebSi sibrZnis 

nacvlad sisulele, xolo RmrTeebriv didebulebasTan ziarebis 

nacvlad samwuxaro dacema gamoiwvia. àha adam iqmna, 

viTarca erTi Cuengani~ _ vis eubneba amas RmerTi? _ ueWvelad 

maT, romelTac eTaTbireba adamianis Seqmnisas (Sesq. 1,26). amrigad, 

aq aris bWoba mSvenieri qmnilebis samwuxaro xvedrze, 

bWoba _ aRsavse TanagrZnobiT! `da aw (saWiroa) nusada miyos 

xeli TÂsi da moiRos xisagan cxorebisa, da Wamos da cxondes 

ukunisamde~. TanamgrZnobi ufali xedavs, rom damnaSaveebma 

TviTon gadawyvites TavianTi xvedri. magram maTi xvedri 

maTive axlomxedvelobis gamo SeiZleba kidev ufro samwuxaro 

gaxdes, _ ubeduri cxovreba SeiZleba usasrulod gagrZeldes, _ 

da TanamgrZnobi iyenebs zomas, imdenadve damsjels, ramdenadac 

mwyalobels, _ damnaSaveebs aSorebs cxovrebis xes da arTmevs 

maT samoTxes. wm. ioane oqropiris sityviT: `vinaidan adamianma 

(cnobadis) xisgan igema da mokvdavi Seiqna: amitom igi (RmerTi) 

adams ukve samoTxeSi aRar tovebs... radganac adamianma mcnebis 

darRveviT udidesi TavSeukavebloba gamoamJRavna da mokvdavi 

Seiqna: imisaTvis, rom mas metad ve Rar gaebeda cxovrebis xesTan 

Sexeba, romelic mas cxovrebas mudmivad unarCunebda, umjobesi 

iyo misi aqedan gaZeveba. maSasadame, samoTxidan gagdeba adamianze 

mzrunveloba ufroa, vidre mrisxaneba~. wm. ilariosi 

wers: àr daindo miwisgan Seqmnili adami: danaSaulis Semdeg 

samoTxidan gaaZeva, raTa cxovrebis xesTan SexebiT samaradisod 

ar dasjiliyo~. 

adamidan STamomavlobaze gadasuli codvis Sedegad kacobriobis 

mTeli modgma zneobrivsa da fizikur waxdenas 

dae qvemdebara. magram rogorc erTi adamis qmedebiT qveynad 

sik vdili Semovida, aseve ufali ieso qristes qmedebiT yvela 

iRebs uflebas maradiuli cxovrebisaTvis. 

RmrTis ganzraxva 

adamianis gadarCenisaTvis 

mamazecierma dacemuli adamianis aRdgena Tvisi Zisa da 

su liwmidis meSveobiT dausabamod gadawyvita. es ganzraxva 

mxolod RmrTis siyvarulis saqmea da yvela adamianze erTnairad 

vrceldeba, magram ara aucilebeli SedegiT, radgan xsna 

adamianis Tavisufal nebazea damokidebuli. RmerTi uSvebs adamianis 

mier codvis Cadenas, magram aravis ar aiZulebs scodos, 

_ piriqiT, mas yvelas gadarCena swadia. 

RmerTi winaswarmWvretia, magram ara _ winaswarganmsazRvreli. 

32 winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi RmerTi adamianis Tavisufali 

32 RmrTis winaswarganmsazRvrelobaze saubari mxolod im gagebiT Sei- 

Zleba, rom RmerTma yovlismcodneobis ZaliT gonier arsebaTa Tavisufali 

moqmedebis Sedegi yovelTvis icis da mas gangebulebiT yovelive 

winaswargansazRvruli aqvs.

132 adamianis xsna 

133 

nebis SemzRudveli aRmoCndeba, xolo TviT adamiani _ bedisweras 

damorCilebuli. kalvinisa da misi mimdevrebis saxiT 

adreve aRmocenebul cru swavlebas imis Taobaze, rom RmerTi 

yoveli adamianis beds uciloblad winaswar gansazR vravs, SemdegSic 

gamouCndnen gulSematkivrebi. magram aRmosavleTis 

eklesiam es swavleba maSinve usjuloebad gamoacxada. ierusalimis 

1672 wlis krebaze patriarqebis mier Sedgenil epistoleSi 

vkiTxulobT: `gvwams, rom yovladsaxierma ufalma dideba 

wi naswar ganumzada maT, romelnic saukuneTa uwinares gamoirCia, 

Tumca ara imitom, rom man umizezod ineba zogis gamarTleba da 

zogis dasja. rogorc yovelTa mamisaTvis, es uCveulo iqneboda 

RmrTisaTvis, romelsac yvelas gadarCena surs. magram radganac 

man winaswar ganWvrita, rom erTni kargad isargeblebdnen 

TavisuflebiT, xolo sxvebi _ cudad, zogs _ dideba, xo lo zogs 

sasjeli winaswar ganusazRvra.~ 

mamazecierma Tavisi Zis sikvdiliT adamianTa xsnisaTvis 

aRsasruli JamTaÁ (gal.4,4), ukuanaÁsknelTa amaT JamTa (1 pet. 

1,20) dro daadgina. xolo am drois dadgomamde igi adamian ebs 

miznis miRwevaSi mxsnelis molodiniT Seeweoda. am imeds Rmer- 

Ti rCeul erSi winaswarmetyvelebiTa da winaswargamosaxviT 

asazrdoebda da ganamtkicebda, romlebSic gamosyidvis sai dumlo 

adamianTa sulieri mdgomareobis Sesabamisad iyo mo ce muli, 

xolo warmarTebi ki maTTvis Sesaferisi gziT, Cveuleb ri vi 

amqveyniuri (bunebrivi) gangebiT mihyavda umaRlesi mizni saken. 

Zv. aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelebani, romlebic mesiis anu ieso 

qristes Sesaxeb iuwyebian da romlebic xSirad ax. aRTqmis 

teqstiTaa dadasturebuli, aRsrulebuli istoriuli faqtebis 

sakvirveli sizustiTa da detaluri aRweriTaa mocemuli. calcalke 

maTi ganxilva Sors wagviyvanda, magram SevecdebiT zogierTi 

ganmarteba zogadad mainc warmovadginoT: adamisa da 

evas nugeSiscemisaTvis micemuli aRTqma (Sesq. 3,15): Tumca eSmaki 

(gveli) adamianebze vnebis miyenebas gaagrZelebs, magram vinme _ 

Sobili dedakacisagan daarRvevs gvelis damRupvel Zalasa da 

mis moqmedebas adamianze. abraamisaTvis micemuli aRTqma (Sesq. 

12,3): abraamisagan, isaakisa da iakobis mier warmoiSoba mxsneli, 

romelic yvela xalxisaTvis kurTxevis wyaro Seiqneba. iakobis 

winaswarmetyveleba (Sesq. 49,8-10): mesia warmoiSoba iudas Zlieri 

tomisagan; romelic manamde mova, sanam iuda mTavari tomis mniSvnelobas 

dakargavdes; igi Tavisi xelisuflebis qveS xalxebs 

Semoikrebs da Semrigebeli _ mxsneli iqneba. moses winaswarmetyveleba 

(meor. sj. 18,15-18): mesias kavSiri da urTierToba eqneba 

ufalTan; igi iqneba Suamdgomeli aRTqmasa da sjuls Soris; 

dabolos, miuxedavad usazRvro di de bulebisa, imdenad Tavmdabali 

da mSvidi iqneba, rom adamianebi uSiSrad isaubreben RmerTTan. 

winaswarmetyveleba mesiis didebulebaze: fs. 2: mesia gamoxatulia, 

a) rogorc cxebuli, romelsac xalxi win aRudgeba; b) 

rogorc sionis cxebuli da mpyrobeli mTeli qveynisa; mesias 

ewo deba Ze RmerTi, romelsac yvela xalxma mowiwebiT da sasoebiT 

unda mimarTos. fs. 44: mesia gamoxatulia, a) rogorc 

RmrTis mier Seyvarebuli, Zlieri, samarTliani, maradiuli, 

didebuli mefe; b) rogorc saqmro, romelic qorwindeba sionis 

asulze da masTan erTad sxva xalxebzec; g) rogorc mpyrobeli, 

romelic Tavis Zeebs mTeli qveynis mTavrebad daadgens. fs. 109: 

mefe-mRvdelSi mesia _ ieso qriste igulisxmeba. 

winaswarmetyveleba mesiis damcirebis Sesaxeb: fs. 15,8-11: 

marTali momakvdavi elis aRdgomas. fs. 21: wamebuli ufals 

SemweobisTvis evedreba da mtrebis RmrTismgmobelobasa da 

urcxvobas gamoxatavs. aRwerilia mesiis wamebis iseTi saxec _ 

xelebisa da fexebis gaxvreta, romelic daviTis xanaSi saerTod 

ucnobi iyo. fs. 39,7-8: qveynad mosvlisas mesia, nacvlad Cveulebrivi 

Sesawiravisa, RmerTs Tavis Tavs rogorc srulyofil 

msxverpls, ise warudgens. 

saerTod daviTis winaswarmetyvelebaSi SeiZleba mesiis 

Sem degi niSnebi gamovyoT: a) igi warmoiSveba daviTis Teslisagan; 

b) daiTmens usastikes tanjvas, Seuracxyofas, jvarze 

sikv dils; g) Cava jojoxeTSi da aRdgeba; d) warmarTebi misgan 

Sei tyoben WeSmariti RmerTis Sesaxeb; e) Ze RmerTi Tavis TavSi 

gaaerTianebs mefis xelisuflebasa da mRvdlis movaleobas; 

v) rogorc mefe igi maradiulad imefebs xalxebze, rogorc Ze 

RmerTi mamis gverdiT dajdeba da rogorc mRvdeli maradis 

xal xisaTvis iSuamdgomlebs. 

esaias winaswarmetyveleba (53,13-dan 53 T.): Ze RmrTisa (mona 

uflisa) Tavisi tanjviT yvela xalxs ixsnis codvebiT moweuli 

sasjelisagan da RmerTTan Searigebs. es. 7,14: mesia iSveba qa

134 adamianis xsna ieso qristes Sesaxeb 

135 

l wulisagan. miq. 5,1: mesia beTlemSi iSveba. danielma (9,25-26) 

mesiis mosvlis dro zustad iwinaswarmetyvela 483 wliT adre. 

zaq. 9,9: karaulsa zeda mjdomare mesiis didebiT Sesvla ierusalimSi. 

11,13: iudevelebis mier mesia 30 vercxlad Sefasdeba. 

aRniSnulis garda adamianebs WeSmaritebas kidev mravali 

keTilmoqmedi winaswarmetyveli, brZeni da RmrTismoSiSi uqadagebda, 

romelnic mxolod rCeuli eris warmomadgenlebi 

ar yofilan. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia: abi meleq 

gerarTeli (Sesq. 20,2), melqisedek salomeli (Sesq. 14,18), iob 

idumeveli, ioTos madiameli (gams. 18), balaam wina s warmetyveli, 

aRmosavleli mogvebi. net. avgustine wers: èWvi ar mepareba, es 

RmrTis gangebis saqmea, rom Cven mxolod misiT (iobiT) Segvi- 

Zlia gavigoT, rom sxva xalxebSic iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic 

RmrTiTa da misi saTnoyofiT cxovrobdnen. isini zeciur ierusalims 

ekuTvnian da Sesaferisad sarwmunoebisa yvelasTvis miuRwevelni 

arian imaT garda, romelTaTvisac RmrTisa da kacTa 

Soris erTaderTi Suamdgomeli maRlidanaa gamocxadebuli~. 

pirveldawyebiTi gamocxadeba pirveli adamianebis saxiT 

yvela xalxs mieca. es gamocxadeba istoriuli (gadmocemis) 

gziT inaxeboda da am gzaze TavisTavSi poulobda ara mxo l od 

Zalas, raTa warmarTul sibneleSi ar Cakarguliyo, aramed axal 

garkveulobasac iZenda. winaswarmetyvelebi arc warmarTi 

xalxebis bedis Sesaxebac dumdnen. RmrTis siyvarulis yvelaze 

gasaocari magaliTi, romelic Tavis mfarvelobas aravis ar 

aklebs, ninevielebs ukavSirdeba. isini uxeSi warmarTebi da 

RmrTis eris mtrebi iyvnen, magram RmerTma maTTanac gagzavna 

Tavisi winaswarmetyveli imis saTqmelad, rom Tuki ar moinaniebdnen, 

saSineli warwymeda elodaT. TviT winaswarmetyveli, 

RmrTiuri samarTlianobiT aRsavse moSurne, miuxedavad ninevielTa 

sinanulisa, ukmayofilo iyo imiT, rom RmerTma mrisxane 

sasjeli Secvala. magram ufalma miaxvedra iona, rom mas codvili 

ecodeba da yovelTvis mzadaa misken moqceuli Seiwyalos. 

swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb 

mamazecieris saxierebis gamo kacobriobisTvis micemuli aR- 

Tqma ieso qristes saxiT gacxadda dedamiwaze. ieso qristeSi 

aResrula mesiis yvela winaswarmetyveluri niSani. wm. mociqulebi 

migviTiTeben, rom qristians swavleba ieso qristes gvamovnebis 

Sesaxeb aucileblad sworad unda esmodes. eklesia gamo 

cxadebiT miRebul WeSmaritebas gansxvavebul mosazrebebTan 

brZolaSi inarCunebda da mas Tavis Svilebs drois saWiroebis 

mixedviT ganumartavda. 

wm. werili naTlad gamoxatavs, rom ieso qriste aris WeSmariti 

RmerTi da WeSmariti kaci, sadac kacSi rogorc adamianuri 

sxeuli, aseve sulic igulisxmeba, magram misi adamianurobis 

upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom a) igi iSva qalwuli mariamisagan 

umamod, suliwmidis moqmedebiT; b) igi Tavisufali iyo 

memkvidreobiTi waxdenisagan. xorci, adamianuri buneba, romelic 

Ze RmrTisam Seimosa, Cvens codvisaken midrekil sxeuls mxolod 

emsgavseboda. ieso qristem ucodveli adamianuroba miiRo; g) 

igi aseve Tavisufali iyo yovlgvari piradi codvisganac, sxvagvarad 

rom vTqvaT _ ucodveli iyo. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, ieso qristes adamianuri bunebis aRiarebasTan 

erTad ueWvelad unda vaRiaroT misi RmrTeebrivi 

bunebac, rogorc samebis ganxorcielebuli meore pirisa. `Cven 

vambobT, rom sityvam ieso qristes saxeli maSin miiRo, roca 

igi xorciel iqmna~ (wm. kirile ierusalimeli). RmerTkac ieso 

qristeSi kaceba da RmrTeebrioba ise SeerTdnen, rom es ori 

buneba ori piris mier ki ar imarTeba, aramed kaceba RmrTeebriv 

pirTan erTobaSi iqna miRebuli. magram es SeerTeba Serwymas 

ar gulisxmobs da arcerTi bunebis moqmedebas ar gamoricxavs, 

oRond imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom adamianuri qmedeba RmrTeebrivzea 

daqvemdebarebuli. roca or qmedebaze vlaparakobT, 

amave dros imazec mivuTiTebT, rom ieso qristeSi ori neba 

moqmedebs, romelic erTi piriT xorcieldeba. 

adamianTa modgmis gamoxsna rogorc ieso RmerTs, aseve ieso 

kacsac miewereba. iesos kaceba, mis RmrTeebriv bunebasTan sxeuliT 

dakavSirebuli, maradiuli didebiTaa Semosili; magram 

amave dros qristeSi adamianurobam mxolod is SeiZina, risi 

miRebac SeeZlo. magaliTad, luTeranuli azris sawinaaRmdegod 

_ yvelganmyofoba ieso qristes adamianur bunebas ar ekuTvnis. 

aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom radganac ieso qristes RmrTeebrivi 

bunebac aqvs, misi dedisTvis RmrTismSoblis wo deba mxolod

136 swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb 

137 

mas SeuZlia uaryos, vinc eretikuli azrebiTaa dasneulebuli 

da ieso qristes WeSmarit RmerTad ar miiCnevs. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia, 

rom qalwuli mariami RmerTi-sityvis saswaulebriv 

Sobamde suliwmidis mier iyo ganwm endili. 

yovelives, rac aRTqmulma mesiam adamianebisTvis aRasrula, 

gamocxadeba saqmes uwodebs (in. 4,34), da radganac es saqme 

mamazecieris gangebiT aResrula, amitom mas mcnebac ewodeba 

(in. 10,18), xolo Sedegis mixedviT ki _ adamianTa xsna (mT. 1,21). 

sakiTxis gasarkvevad mxsnelis saqme rogorc saqme winas warmetyvelisa 

_ qveynis ganmanaTleblisa, saqme mRvdelTmTa vrisa _ 

gamomsyidvelisa, da rogorc saqme mefisa, ise unda ganvixiloT. 

Zv. aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelTa msaxureba imaSi mdgomareobs, 

rom isini RmrTis STagonebiT xalxs WeSmaritebebs auwyebdnen 

da keTilmsaxurebas aswavlidnen. ieso qristes winas warmetyveluri 

msaxureba ki gansakuTrebulia, radganac igi _ Ze 

RmrTisa TviT aris naTeli da WeSmariteba; momavlis winaswarcnoba 

da saswaulebi, ubralo, magram naTeli azrebi, swavlebis 

Seudarebeli Zala da sxva mravali mowmoba naTels xdis winaswarmetyvelTagan 

udidesis _ ieso qristes gansa kuTrebul msaxurebas. 

qristes moZRvreba saukeTeso sa zrdos Seicavs adamianis 

sulis yvela maRali miswrafebisa Tvis. macxovari ambobs: ùkueTu 

vinme nebasa missa hyofdes, cnas man moZRurebaÁ ese, viTar 

raÁ ars: RmrTisagan ars, anu me TaviT TÂsiT vityÂ~ (in. 7,17). 

rac imas niSnavs, rom Tuki adamianis suli imas eZebs, riskenac 

yvelaze ufro unda is wr afodes, maSin TviTonve SeigrZnobs da 

gamoarkvevs, rom qri stes moZRvrebaze ufro wminda da ufro 

naTeli moZRvreba ar arsebobs. Tumca TviTon macxovari moses 

sjuls asrulebda, magram sjulieri wesis srul gauqmebas igi 

brZnulad amzadebda. pavle mociqulis sityviT, moses sjulis 

wesi ganqarvebadia (2 kor. 3,11) da qristianisTvis Zalas ar 

warmoadgens. àra xarT sjulsa queSe, aramed madlsa~ (rom. 

6,14). sjulis Cveulebebi ierusalimis taZarTan da ebraelTa 

erov nul xasiaTTan iyo dakavSirebuli, xolo qristianoba _ 

yvela eris sakuTrebaa. qristiani maswavleblebi Zv. sjulis 

wes Si droebiT samkurnalo saSualebas xedavdnen, romelic 

konk retuli erisaTvis iyo Sesaferisi. 

upiratesi saqme, romelic qveynis mxsnels unda aResrulebina 

da romelic mxolod misTvis iyo SesaZlebeli, codvil kacobriobasTan 

RmrTis Serigeba iyo. ufali ieso qristes, ro gorc 

WeSmariti mesiis sikvdili, jer kidev Zv. aRTqmaSi iyo gagebuli, 

rogorc gamomsyidveli adamianTa codvisa. ioane wina mo rbedi 

ambobs, rom ieso qriste, rogorc saRmrTo msxverpli, sasjels 

qveynis codvebisaTvis miiRebda (in. 1,29). TviT macxovaric 

araerTxel amowmebs, rom ewameba da mokvdeba Tavisi nebiT, raTa 

RmrTis gansakuTrebuli neba aRasrulos. Zv. aR TqmiT cnobilia, 

rom codvaTa miteveba msxverplis sisxliT gamoisyideboda 

(ricx. 15,20-25), rogorc mociquli ambobs: `TÂnier sisxlis daTxevisa 

ara iyo motevebaÁ~ (ebr. 9,22). as eve cnobilia, rom codvis 

miteveba, wm. werilis enaze, codvis daus jelad datovebas niSnavs. 

aqedan gamomdinare, macxovris sityvebidan vigebT (mT. 26,28; lk. 

22,30), rom igi codvebisTvis gaRebuli msxverplia. man Tavisi 

sisxli imis gamo daRvara, rom sxvaTa codvebi dausjelad daetovebina. 

RmerTma qristes sikvdili imisTvis ganawesa, rom ieso 

qristeSi ad amianTa codvebis dasjiT RmrTis samarTlianoba 

eCvenebina da adamianebisTvis codvebi ara sxvagvarad, aramed 

maTi gulisaTvis TviT ieso qristes dasjiT Seendo. Sedegad 

aResrula adamianTan RmrTis samarTliani Serigeba _ saidumlo, 

romelic qristia nebs RmrTisagan euwya (kol. 1,27). cxadia, rom 

es gamocxadeba adamianTa swavlebidan ki ar gamomdinareobs, 

aramed uSualod RmrTisagan. 

axla gavarkvioT, raSi mdgomareobs mxsnelis mRvdel mTavruli 

saqmianoba. pavle mociquli ieso qristes gamoxatavs 

ra mRvdelmTavris saxiT (ebr. 9,9-15), mxedvelobaSi ganwmendis 

dadgenil dRes mRvdelmTavris mier mTeli erisaTvis msxverplis 

Sewirva aqvs. es msxverpli mTeli erisTvis gaRebuli 

gamosasyidi iyo, anu sxvagvarad mas gansawmendelis mniSvneloba 

hqonda. aqedan gamomdinare, igive gamomsyidvelobiTi 

mniSvneloba aqvs mRvdelmTavris msxverpls, TviT qristes, 

qristes sikvdils. mociquli ambobs, rom Zv. aRTqmis Semrigeblur 

msxverpls sindisis ganwmenda ar SeeZlo, igi adamianebs 

mxolod sjulier gamarTlebas aniWebda, `ganswmedda ms gavsad 

ÃorcTa maT ganwmedisaTa~ (9,13); qristes sisxliT ki mkvdari 

sa qmeebisagan TviT goneba da sindisi ganiwmindeba. amave dros 

qr i s tesmier msxverplSewirvaSi, rogorc maradiuli siyvaruli,

138 swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb 

139 

TviT RmerTi monawileobs. 

gamocxadebis swavlebiT, qristes damsaxurebis Zala yvela 

adamianze vrceldeba. qriste imaTTvisac mokvda, romelnic mis 

amqveynad mosvlamdec cxovrobdnen. misi gamomsyidvelobiTi 

msxverpli yvela droSi moqmedebs, `saukunoÁ gamoxsnaÁ pova~ 

(ebr. 9,12), da radganac TviT qriste maradmyofia, amitom misi 

maradiuli mRvdloba iudevelTa mRvdelmTavrebisgan gansxvavebiT 

msxverplSewirvis ganmeorebas ar saWiroebs. `xo lo 

aw erT-gzis aRsasrulsa JamTasa Seuracxis-yofad codvaTa 

msxuerpliTa TÂsiTa gamoCnda~ (9,26), `rameTu erTi msxuerpli 

srul iqmna samaradisod ganwmedilTa maTTÂs~ (10,14). 

sikvdili sasjelia codvisaTvis, eSmaki ki _ codvis mTava ri, 

amitom sikvdilic mis xelSia. magram roca CvenTvis gamosasyidi 

gaRebulia, ris Sedegadac RmrTis samsjavroze co dve bi 

metad aRar Segveracxeba, 33 amitom codvis mTavarsac, romelsac 

manamde codvilebisaTvis igive sasjeli SeeZlo mo eTxova, 

rogoriTac TviTonve iyo dasjili, ukve es ufleba aRar aqvs. 

eSmakis mTavrobam, romliTac mas Cveni saukuno dasja surda, 

Tavisi Zala dakarga. 

swavleba qristes gamomxsneli sikvdilis Sesaxeb mokled 

SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT: a) sityva CvenTvis jvarze xorciT 

evno; b) qriste ise evno, rom mas araviTari codva ar gaaCnda; 

g) evno xorciT da ara RmrTeebiT, Tumca RmrTeeba arc vnebisas 

ganSorebia; d) Cveni codvebis mtvirTveli qris tes sikvdili imitomacaa 

erTaderTi, rom qristem jvarze Tavisi Tavi RmrTisaTvis 

mTeli adamianTa modgmis gamosaxsnelad gaiRo msxverplad. 

Tuki erTi qristes mier yvelasaTvis gaRebul msxverplze 

davfiqrdebiT, SeiZleba gaugebrad mogveCvenos, rogor SeiZleba 

sxvisi mdgomareoba gaxdes Cveni da sxvisi simarTle Cvens simarTled 

iqces, da piriqiT: damnaSave mamaTa Svilebma sasjeli 

miiRon mSoblebis codvaTa gamo. winaparTa damsaxureba STamomavlobaze 

gadadis da erTi kacis msaxureba mTel gvars 

gadaecema. kacTa modgma mTel gvars warmoadgens, sadac erebi 

da adamianebi igivea, rac cocxali organizmisTvis aso ebi. Cveni 

kavSiri qristesTan ufro mWidroa, vidre kavSiri nebismier 

33 igulisxmeba adamis codva, romlis daxsnamde yoveli adamiani sikvdilis 

tyveobaSi imyofeboda da sasufevlis kari daxSuli hqonda. 

adamianTan, _ igi Cveni Tavi da RmerTkacia. Tuki pi r veli codvis 

nayofi bunebrivi SobiT pirveli mamidan STamomavlobaze 

gadavida, maSin ratom ar SeiZleba, rom RmerTkacis morCilebis 

keTili nayofi morwmuneebze madlismieri ganaxlebis gziT 

gadavides? 

qristes damsaxurebis aRiareba Cvens Tavisuflebazea damokidebuli 

da amitom Sromasa da moqmedebas moiTxovs. gamocxadeba 

gviCvenebs, rom Cven iesos damsaxurebaTa rwmena mogve 

Txoveba, magram ara unayofo, aramed cxoveli, romelic Cvens 

xorcsa da mis vnebebs jvars acmevs. roca swavlebas qristes 

damsaxurebis Sesaxeb sizarmacisa da sulieri daZabunebis sasargeblod 

borotad iyeneben (mag., protestantebi), 34 es ar niSnavs, 

rom TviT swavleba unayofo iyos zneobisaTvis. es mxolod 

imas moaswavebs, rom sulieri kanonebis Seuracxyofis xarjze 

adamianebs ar surT misiT sargebloba. 

dabolos, ganvixiloT swavleba ieso qristes, rogorc mefis 

Sesaxeb. Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadeba mxsnels qveynis WeSmarit 

mefed warmogvidgens, xolo ax. aRTqmaSi naTqvamia, rom ieso 

qristem zecad amaRlebis Semdeg ara mxolod yvela saxelze 

meti saxeli, aramed yoveli xelmwifeba caTa Sina da queyanasa 

zeda miiRo (mT. 28,18), ise rom yovelive TviTon daimorCila. 

gamocxadeba mas mwyemssa da Tavs uwodebs. ieso qriste aris mefe 

ara mxolod saxeliT, aramed mefuri ZalauflebiTac. magram 

unda gvaxsovdes, rom qristes mefoba politikuri ki ar aris, 

rogorc es iudevelebs egonaT mesiis Sesaxeb, aramed sulieri. 

jvarcmis Semdeg qristes mefuri dideba TandaTan ufro 

gamoaSkaravda. pirvel rigSi, igi jojoxeTidan Zv. aRTqmis 

marTalTa sulebis amoyvaniT gamomJRavnda (ef. 4,8-10; 1 pet. 3, 

18-19). qriste saRmrTo Zalis moqmedebiT bneleTSi sulebTan 

ma Sin Cavida, roca xorciT mkvdari iyo, suliT ki _ cocxali. qristes 

mefuri dideba Semdeg misi aRdgomiTa da zecad amaRlebiT 

dadasturda. mama RmerTis marjveniT ieso qristes dajdoma 

ki casa da qveyanaze mis xelmwifebasa da mis mier samyaros 

mbrZaneblis didebisa da Zalauflebis gaziarebas niSnavs. ieso 

qriste, rogorc Ze kacisa, iyo da rCeba mama RmerTis xelisu- 

34 protestanti knapi werda: `Cveni damSvidebisTvis sakmarisia vicodeT 

da gvjerodes, rom sasjeli codvisTvis gauqmebulia~.

140 ieso qristes Sesaxeb adamianis ganwmenda 

141 

flebis qveS. qristes meufeba, romelic axla kacTa Sorisaa 

gacxadebuli, qristes madlis samefos warmoadgens, magram igi 

codvil kacTa da maTSi moqmedi boroti sulebis moqmedebiT 

bneldeba, xolo is samefo, romelic amqveyniuri samefos Semdeg 

iarsebebs, didebis samefo iqneba da mas veraferi daabnelebs. 

qristes axal samefoSi, romelic madlis samefos droebiTi 

arsebobis Semdeg gacxaddeba, mxolod ifqli iqneba gareSe 

RvarZlisa. mas mxolod isini daimkvidreben, romlebmac RmrTis 

sadideblad TavdadebiT iRvawes da gamouTqmeli sixaruliTac 

datkbebian. 

RmerTi _ ganwmendeli adamianisa 

roca adamianis ganwmendaze vlaparakobT, xsnis saqmeSi TiTo 

euli kacis monawileobas vgulisxmobT, romelic ieso qris tem 

am qveyanaze gancxadebiT kacobriobisTvis moipova. macxov ris 

nebiT RmrTis Serigeba adamianTa modgmasTan erTxel da samudamod 

aResrula da ufalma ieso qristem mamazecieris ma d lis 

wyaros yvela msurveli aziara. 

ganwmendis moqmedeba adamianSi memkvidreobiTi waxdenis 

Tan daTanobiT Sesustebasa da RmrTis cxovelmyofelobiT mis 

TandaTanobiT ganaxlebas gulisxmobs. radgan RmrTis mier 

adamianis ganwmenda RmrTis dausabamo ganzraxvis Sedegia da 

TavisTavad saidumlos warmoadgens (ef. 5,32), amitom ganwmendis 

Sesaxeb swavlebis gadmocemisas gonebas mxolod is SeuZ lia 

moiTxovos, rom es swavleba RmrTis sityvidan da gardmo ce midan 

sworad iqnas amokrebili da ganmartebuli. TviT go nebas ki 

isRa darCenia, rom gamocxadebiTi swavleba Tavis azro b riv sa 

da zneobriv sawyisebTan SeaTanxmos. 

gamocxadebis mixedviT yoveli adamianis ganwmendis mizezad, 

rogorc mama RmerTi, aseve Ze RmerTic warmogvidgeba. xolo 

TviT ganwmenda, Zis damsaxurebis Sedegad, suliwmidis saqmea, 

amitom am moqmedebas suliwmidiT ganwmenda ewodeba. 

Zveli aRTqmis eklesiis istoriis ganxilviT irkveva, rom 

Zveli eklesiis Svilebi suliwmidis madls ise uxvad rodi 

flobdnen, rogorc axali eklesiisa. Zveli aRTqmis winaswar me- 

tyvelebi qadagebdnen, rom dro, roca RmrTis suli adamianebze 

gansakuTrebuli ZaliT imoqmedebda, jer isev win iyo. es dro, 

romelsac Tavis mowafeebs macxovaric aRuTqvamda (in. 14,16-17; 

16,13), misi mkvdreTiT aRdgomisa da amaRlebis Semdeg dadga 

(saqm. 2,1-4). suliwmida (nugeSinismcemeli), macxovris aRTqmis 

Tanaxmad, mociqulTa gulebSi moqmedebda. ro gorc ga n wmendeli 

suliwmida moqmedebda, moqmedebs da saukuneTa dasasrulamde 

imoqmedebs (in. 14,16) da radganac nugeSinismcemlis Sesaxeb aRTqma 

mociqulebze aResrula, es imas amtkicebs, rom misi moqmedeba 

mTel eklesiaze vrceldeba (in. 14,22-23). ada mianebze suliwmidis 

gadmosvla, rogorc aRvniSneT, Ze Rmer Tis gamomxsnel sikvdilze 

iyo damokidebuli, xolo TviT ga moxsna sabolood jvarcmuli 

macxovris gandidebiT aResrula , anu suliwmidis gardamosvla 

sruli saxiT macxovris zecad amaRlebas mohyva. 

wm. werilis gamonaTqvamebis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT 

ganxilvis Sedegad, suliwmidis moqmedebis Sesaxeb swavleba ase 

SeiZleba CamovayaliboT: a) RmrTis sulis moqmedeba adamians 

WeSmarit sikeTes _ xsnas aniWebs: `madliTa xarT gamoÃsnil~ 

(ef. 2,8); b) suliwmida TviT adamianis bunebaze moqmedebs misi 

meored Sobisa da ganaxlebisaTvis: `miÃsnna Cuen, baniTa miT 

meored SobisaÁTa da ganaxlebiTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa, romeli-igi 

mohfina Cuen zeda~ (tit. 3,5-6); g) adamianze suliwmidis 

moqmedeba TviT adamianis nebas ar gamoricxavs: `madliTa xarT 

gamoÃsnil sarwmunoebisa mier... iwyeT sulierad da aw Ãorcielad 

aRasrulebT?~ (ef. 2,8; gal. 3,3); magram d) adamianis mxridan 

yovelgvar winaswar damsaxurebas gamoricxavs, radgan misi 

xsna mxolod ieso qristes mieraa mopovebuli: àra saqmeTagan 

simarTlisaTa, romelni-igi vqmneniT Cuen, ara med wyalobiTa 

TÂsiTa miÃsnna Cuen... saqmeTagan SjulisaTa suli igi miiReT?~ 

(tit. 3,5; gal. 3,2). amitom am Tvisebebis gamo e) adamianze suliwmidis 

moqmedebas sxvagvarad RmrTis madli, niWi ewodeba: 

ùkueTu madliT, arRara saqmeTagan; ukueTu ara, madli igi ar- 

Rara Seiracxebis madlad... ese ara Tquengan, aramed RmrTisa 

niWi ars~ (rom. 11,6; ef. 2,8). 

ieso qristes madli, romliTac adamianis ganaxleba aResruleba, 

Cven macxovris siyvarulis gamo daumsaxureblad mivi- 

ReT da es moqmedeba sruliad sapirispiroa im cvlilebebisa,

142 adamianis ganwmenda eklesia 

143 

ro melic adamis Secodebam warmoSva. am ori moqmedebis saxe 

mxo los imiTaa erTnairi, rom orive Sinagania. 

èkrZalebodeT ukue, viTar-Zi gankrZalulad xualT, nu 

viTarca ugunurni, aramed viTarca brZenni; gamoifrdidiT 

JamTa, rameTu dReni borotni arian. amisTÂs nu iyofiT ugunur, 

aramed gulisxÃma-hyofdiT, raÁ-igi ars nebaÁ RmrTisaÁ~ (ef. 

5,15-17). `xolo glocav Tquen, Zmano, gardamatebad ufroÁsRa da 

pativis-cemis moyuare iyveniT da myudro da iqmodeT TÂssa da 

SurebodeT ÃeliTa TqueniTa, viTarca-igi gamceniT Tquen~ (1 Tes. 

4,1-11). `da rameTu raJams-igi viyav Tquen Tana, amasve gamcnebdi 

Tquen: ukueTu visme ara aqundes saqmis, nucaRa Wamn. rameTu 

mesmis vieTTÂsme, romelni iqcevian Tquen Soris uwesod, araras 

iqman, aramed mimoiwulilven. eseviTarTa maT vamcnebT da vhlocavT 

uflisa Cuenisa mier iesu qristesa, raÁTa myudroebiT 

Sureboden da TÂssa pursa Wamden~ (2 Tes. 3,10-12). 

pavle mociquli yovelTvis moiTxovda, rom qristians eSroma 

da TviTdajerebas ar miscemoda im fiqriT Sepyrobili, 

rom radganac madlis qveS imyofeba, misi mxridan moqmedeba 

araa saWiro. madli adamians imgvar mdgomareobas ar uqmnis, 

rom TiTqos misTvis araviTari saSiSroeba aRar arsebobdes. 

ma d li adamianis Tavisufal nebas arc spobs da arc asustebs, 

aramed adamians misTvis miniWebuli madlis mxolod Sro miT 

gamravleba moeTxoveba; daemorCileba Tu ara madlis Sego nebas 

da sulze misi zemoqmedebis Zalas gazrdis Tu Seamcirebs 

_ es TviT adamianzea damokidebuli. wm. werilis Segonebis 

safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT: a) madliT aRvsili adamianis 

arc goneba da arc neba madlis moqmedebiT ar iboWeba da madli 

Tavisufal nebaze aucileblobiT ar moqmedebs. b) Tavisuflebis 

ZaliT qristians madlismier niWTa gamravleba-Semcirebaca da 

misi sruli CaxSobac SeuZlia; amitom Tavisuflebis, gonebisa 

da nebis moqmedebas madlTan aTanxmebs. g) qristianisTvis xsnis 

saqmis aRsruleba madlTan TanamoqmedebaSi mdgomareobs. 

marTlmadidebeli eklesia Zvel swavlebas adamianis ganwmendis 

anu adamianis darRveuli bunebis madlismieri ganaxlebis 

Sesaxeb, romelic misi Tavisufali nebis gareSe ar aResruleba, 

adrec da axlac erTnairad inaxavs. igi dRemde aswavlis, rom 

qristians siyvarulisa da keTili saqmeebis ga reSe arc mxolod 

rwmena gadaarCens da arc mxolod siyvaruli da keTili saqmeebi 

rwmenis gareSe, radgan swored sarwmunoebaa mimzidveli 

suliwmidis madlisa, oRond `sarmunoebaÁ, siyvarulisagan Sewevnuli~ 

(gal. 5,6). 

eklesia 

axali aRTqmis eklesiis RmrTivdadgenili Svidi saidumlo 

(naTlisReba, mironcxeba, ziareba, sinanuli, mRvdloba, qorwineba, 

zeTis kurTxeva), 35 romelic saRmrTo msaxurebis dros 

madlis uxilav moqmedebaSi mdgomareobs, TavisTavad gulisxmobs 

im sazogadoebis arsebobas, romlis kurTxevisa da ganwmendisTvisac 

aris igi mocemuli. sazogadoebaSi ki gansakuT rebuli 

pirebi arseboben, romlebsac saidumloTa aRsrulebisas 

moqmedebis gangeba aqvT mindobili. Cveni msjelobis sa ganic im 

damokidebulebaTa garkvevas ukavSirdeba, romelsac eklesiasa 

da mis ierarqiaze swavleba gansazRvravs. 

qristes eklesia RmrTisagan dadgenili qristes morwmuneTa 

sazogadoebaa, romelic suliwmidis gangebiT maradiuli 

cxovrebisaTvis RmrTis sityviT, saidumloebebiTa da mRvdel- 

TmTavrobiTaa SeerTebuli. rogorc yoveli sazogadoeba, aseve 

eklesiac sulisa da sxeulisagan Sedgeba. eklesiis suli _ 

madli suliwmidisa yoveli morwmunis ganmacxovelebelia da 

gansa kuTrebuli siuxviT RmrTis wminda adamianebs eniWebaT, 

eklesiis sxeuls ki misi uZluri da Zlieri wevrebis keTilad 

gangebuli Semadgenloba warmoadgens, romelTagan erTni mmarT 

ve lebi arian, xolo meoreni _ damorCilebulni. wm. weril 

i qri stes eklesiis cocxal sxeuls (gvams) caTa sasufevels, 

Rm r Tis sasufevels da RmrTis saxls anu saxleuls uwo debs. 

rogorc qristes morwmuneTa sazogadoeba, qristes eklesia 

ad a mianis surviliTa da SesaZleblobebiT ki ar aris 

da fuZnebuli, aramed Ze RmerTis ZaliTa da nebiT. aqve unda 

aRvniSnoT, rom qristes eklesia da qristes swavleba ganuy- 

35 mokled gadmocemuli swavleba saidumloTa Sesaxeb ara erT xelmisawvdom 

gamocemaSia (mag., katexizmoebSi) warmodgenili, amitom am sakiTxs 

aq aRar SevexebiT.

144 eklesiis Tvisebebi 

145 

ofelia; qristes swavleba qveyanas imitomac mieca, rom eklesia 

arsebobdes. 

qristes WeSmariti eklesiis Tvisebebi 

ufalma ieso qristem Tavisi eklesia ara mxolod daafuZna, 

msoflio saeklesio krebebze dadgenili simbolos mixedviT 

aramed mis Tavs TviTonve warmoadgens. `qriste Tav ars eklesiisa, 

da igi Tavadi ars macxovari guamisaÁ~ (ef. 5,23). radgan eklesiis 

Tavi TviT RmerTkacia _ `savse madliTa da WeSmaritebiTa~ (in. 1,14), 

esec ki ueWvels xdis, rom igi eklesias (sxeuls) suliwmidiT aRavsebs, 

an rac igivea, suliwmida, ro gorc eklesiis cxovelmyofeli 

sawyisi, eklesiaSi mudmivad imyofeba. yvela sulieri nayofi _ 

siyvaruli, sulgrZeleba, myudroeba, moTmineba da sxv. morwmuneebSi 

swored misiT aResruleba (gal. 5,22). suliwmida rCeulebs 

aRmatebul madls, momavlis xedvis niWs, avadmyofTa gankurnebis 

Zalas da sxv. aniWebs (1 kor. 12,7-11). 

amrigad, is vinc naTlobis ZaliT marTlmadideblur eklesias 

uerTdeba, wm. mamebis dadgenili swavlebis Tanaxmad ambobs: 

`mwams da vaRiareb, rom marTlmadidebeli kaTolike ek lesiis 

damamkvidrebeli, Tavi da uzenaesi mRvdelTmTavari ufali Cveni 

ieso qristea, da rom, am eklesiis ganmgebeli da saWeTmpyrobeli 

suliwmidaa~. 

qristes eklesias garda codvili adamianebis gadarCenisa, 

sxva daniSnuleba arc SeiZleba hqondes. siwminde aris mizani, 

romelsac eklesiam RmrTis nebiT misTvis micemuli saSualebebiT 

unda miaRwios. pavle mociqulis sityviT (ef. 4,11-13), mizans, 

romliskenac eklesia unda iswrafodes, Ze RmerTis sruli Sem- 

Cven erTi, wmida, kaTolike da samociqulo eklesia gvwams. 

erTi.ÿeklesiis erTobisaTvis sarwmunoebis, saidumloebisa 

da madlis erTobaa aucilebeli. eklesiis erTobisaTvis aseve 

aucilebelia siyvaruliT kavSiri. sarwmunoebisagan gand gomilebi 

da WeSmariti swavlebis Semryvneli mwvaleblebi mociqulTa 

kanoniT qristes eklesias ganSorebulni arian. eklesiisaTvis 

aucilebel erTobas wm. werili wes-Cveulebebsa da eklesiis Sem- 

TxveviT sakuTrebaTa mowyobaze ar avrce lebs. sarwmunoeba erTia, 

erTia saidumloebic, iseve rogorc er Tia qristes WeSmariteba. 

qristes sarwmunoebas SeuZlebelia raime moakldes an miematos, 

maSin roca, garemoebis mixedviT Cveulebebi SeiZleba garegnulad 

Seicvalos. Tumca gansxvavebis miuxedavad isini yovelTvis 

sarwmunoebis erT suls gamoxataven. siyvaruli mxolod erTi 

niSniT rodi gamovlindeba, vinc CveulebaTa dacvis mizniT wesis 

arSemsruleblebs brma axirebulobiT amayad kicxavs da TviT 

mTavrobasac ganaqiqebs, amiT siyvarulsa da qristianul suls 

Seuracxhyofs da ganxeTqilebis warmoSobas uwyobs xels. cnobilia, 

rom adgilobriv eklesiebs TavianTi mowameebi da moRvaweebi 

hyavT, sakuTar dResaswaulebs zeimoben, magram amisTvis qristes 

WeSmariti eklesiis erTobas ar akldebian. adgilobrivi eklesia 

ecneba da adamianis sulieri srulyofa warmoadgens. macxovris 

WeSmariti eklesiis uflebas maSin kargavs, roca igi gamocxadebiTi 

swavlebiT, eklesia uflisgan mocemuli WeSmaritebisTvis unda 

sarwmunoebis dogmatebs arRvevs, Tundac rom garegani mowyobi- 

cxovrobdes da saero suli da uflebani ar unda SeiTvisos. salobiT 

qristes eklesiis msgavsi iyos. 

kuTriv misi saqme adamianTa gulebSi zeciuri WeSmaritebis dan- 

wmida.ÿsiwminde eklesiis aucilebeli Tvisebaa. wm. werilis 

ergviT gamoixateba. mociqulTaswori imperatori konstantine 

swavlebiT, ieso qriste imitomac ecva jvars, rom Tavisi sisx- 

nikeis msoflio krebaze episkoposebs mimarTavda: `Tqven eklesiis 

liT adamianTa codvebi ganebana (ef. 5,25-27). qristes morwmuneebi 

Sinagani saqmis episkoposebi xarT, xolo me garegani saqmisTvis 

rCeulsa da wmida ers warmoadgenen (1 pet. 2,9). amave dros aR- 

uflisagan dadgenili episkoposi SeiZleba mewodos~. Tuki samosaniSnavia, 

rom eklesias susti wevrebi, codvili adamianebic 

qalaqo xelisufleba qristianulia, igi movalea qri stes eklesia 

Seadgenen. macxovari Tavis eklesias adarebs yanas, romelSic 

saSiSroebisagan daicvas da mas sarwmunoebis warmatebisTvis 

xorbalTan erTad wamozrdil RvarZls manam ar am o Zirkvaven, 

moRvaweobaSi daexmaros. 

sanam mkis Jami ar moiweva (mT. 13, 24-3). siwminde ase ve mizanicaa, 

romelsac eklesiam misTvis mi cemuli saSualebebiT unda miaRwios. 

aqedan gamomdinare, am a od Txouloben, rom eklesiis 

yoveli wevri wminda iyos. eklesia acxadebs, rom susti adamianebi

146 eklesiis Tvisebebi ierarqia 

147 

mis siwmindes ver aknineben da maTi ga Zleba manamde SeiZleba, 

vidre maT monaniebis Zala SeswevT. qristes eklesia RmrTis 

rCeulebisa da suliwmidis madlis gareSe ar asodes ar rCeba, 

mwvaleblebi ki piriqiT, TavianTi sazogadoebis wmindanebze, 

mowameebsa da saswaulmoqmedebze verasodes miuTiTeben. 

kaTolike.ÿiudeuri eklesia adgiliTa da droiT Semosa zRvruli 

iyo, qristes eklesia ki msoflio da sayovelTaoa (berZ. 

`kaTolike~); igi yvela adgilisa da yvela drois mowmu neebs 

moicavs. WeSmaritebis matarebeli da gamomxatveli qri stes 

eklesia romelime adgiliTa da xalxiT ar SeiZleba Se izRudos. 

amave dros unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom radganac qristes 

eklesia sarwmunoebiT erTia, amitom yvelaze didi eklesiebic 

ki, Tundac laTinebisa da protestantebisa, wminda sarwmunoebis 

ukmarisobis gamo qristes WeSmarit eklesias ar warmoadgenen. 

ama Tu im xalxSi eklesiis damkvidreba saxarebiseuli WeSmaritebis 

miRebas niSnavs, igi xalxis zneobriv mdgomareobazea 

damokidebuli da ara mxolod eklesiaSi moqmed madlze. rogorc 

yoveli adamianis gulisaTvis axlobeli da saRmrTo WeSmaritebis 

siwmindisa da sayovelTaobis gamomxatveli, qristes 

ek le sia msoflio eklesias warmoadgens (saq. 5,37-38). 

eklesia saukuneTa dasasrulamde iarsebebs. es azri dro sTan 

mimarTebaSi or faqtors gulisxmobs: eklesiis uwyvet arsebobasa 

da sarwmunoebrivi cdomilebis SeuZleblobas. macxovarma 

mociqulebs acnoba: àmas kldesa zeda aRvaSeno eklesiaÁ Cemi 

da bWeni jojoxeTisani ver ereodian mas~ (mT. 16,18). mociquli 

pavle evqaristiis Sesaxeb ambobs: `raoden-gzisca SWamdeT pursa 

amas da sumideT sasumelsa amas, sikudilsa uflisasa miuTxrobdiT, 

vidremde movides~ (1 kor. 11,26). ese igi evqaristiis saidumlo 

qristes meored mosvlamde Sesruldeba, rac imas niSnavs, 

rom qristes eklesiac, sadac es saidumlo aResruleba, saukuneTa 

dasasrulamde iarsebebs. mociquli pavle gvaswavlis: ùkueTu 

vyovno, raÁTa uwyodi, viTar-igi jer-ars saxlsa Sina RmrTisasa 

slvaÁ, romel ars eklesiaÁ RmrTisa cxovelisaÁ, sueti da simtkice 

WeSmaritebisaÁ~ (1 tim. 3,15). eklesia RmrTis samyofelia 

da amitomac aris qristianuli swavlebis sveti da simtkice, ise 

rom WeSmaritebisagan ara mxolod TviTon ar ixreba, aramed 

misi SenarCuneba adamianTa gulsa da gonebaSic SeuZlia. 

aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom meored mosvlamde mudmivi arseboba 

da WeSmaritebisgan gadaxris SeuZlebloba mxolod qristes 

kaTolike eklesias axasiaTebs da SesaZlebelia cal k e ul 

adgilobriv eklesiebze ar gavrceldes. amas gamocdilebac 

gviCvenebs, mag., brwyinvale mnaTobs hgavda karTagenis eklesia, 

magram igi didi xania Caqra. aRmosavleTis ara erT eklesiasac 

igive bedi ewia. aqedanac Cans, rom eklesiis ucodveloba 

mxolod kaTolike (sayovelTao) eklesiis kuTvnilebaa. adgilobriv 

eklesias mxolod maSin aqvs ufleba marTlmorwmuned 

iwodebodes, roca kaTolike eklesiis simarTlis mtkice 

damcvelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo Jams sarwmunoebisagan 

gandgoma ueWvelad didi iqneba (lk. 18,8; 2 kor. 2,3) da WeSmariti 

morwmuneebi Zneli mosaZebni gaxdeba, isini mainc iarsebeben. 

samociqulo.ÿqristes eklesia Tavis Tavs yovelTvis samociqulos 

uwodebda. eklesiis swavlebis samociqulo warmomavloba 

da mociqulTagan momdinare episkoposTa memkvidreobiToba 

eklesiis Rirsebis ueWvel niSans, swavlebis mtkice safuZvelsa 

da eresebis samxilebel ucilobel arguments warmoadgens. 

eklesiaSi qristes sulis dacvas wmida mamebi samociqulo dadgenilebebis 

urRvev tradicias ukavSireben. 

ierarqia 

im Tvisebas, romliTac qristes eklesia yvela sxva sazogadoebisgan 

gansxvavdeba, adamianis ganmwmendeli madlis ueWveli 

arseboba warmoadgens, xolo amqveyniur ierarqias anu eklesiis 

ganmgeblobas ganwmendis saqmis msaxureba akisria. is, rom 

adamianTa zneobrivi aRzrdis xelis SewyobisTvis ufleba 

sasuliero fenis warmomadgenels RmrTisagan aqvs miniWebuli, 

Semdegi adgilebidan Cans: macxovari mociqulebs eubneba: 

`momeca me yoveli ÃelmwifebaÁ caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda. 

warvediT da moimowafeniT~, da urTavs: `da aha esera me Tquen 

Tana var yovelTa dReTa da vidre aRsasrula dmde soflisa~ 

(mT. 28,18-20). `viTarca me momavlina mamaman, meca wargavlineb 

Tquen. da viTarca ese Tqua, Sehbera maT da hrqua: miiReT suli 

wmidaÁ. ukueTu vieTnime miutevneT codvani, mietevnen maT~ (in.

148 ierarqia ierarqia 

149 

20,21-23). e. i. es ufleba mociqulebs ca Ta da qveynis meufis mier 

aqvT miniWebuli. mowafeebisaTvis mi cemuli aRTqma _ Tquen Tana 

var aRsasruladmde soflisa _ Sinaarsis mixedviT ara mxo lod 

mociqulebs, aramed maT memkvidreebsac ekuTvniT. ami tom es 

ufleba, romelic aRTqmiTaa mo cemuli, yvela drois mowafeebze, 

anu rac igivea, saerTod eklesiis ierarqiaze vrceldeba. TviT 

gamocdilebac gviCvenebs, rom mociqulebma ara mxolod TavianTi 

memkvidreebi daadgin es, aramed maT imave wesis aRsrulebac 

ubrZanes. ase mag., suliwmidis moTxovniT eklesiis msaxurebisTvis 

barnaba da pa vle gamoarCies (saqm. 13,2); barnabam da pavlem 

sxvadasaxva qa laqSi xelni daasxes xucesebs (saqm. 14,23) da a.S. 

ufleba, romelic eklesiis ierarqias zecidan aqvs miniWebuli, 

samgvaria: swavleba, mRvdelmoqmedeba da marTva. swavlebis 

movaleoba TviT macxovarma daakisra mociqulebs (mrk. 16,15) da 

isini am saqmes mTavar movaleobad miiCneven: àra sa Tno ars 

Cuenda datevebaÁ sityÂsa RmrTisaÁ da msaxurebaÁ tablebsa... 

Cuen locuasa da msaxurebasa amis sityÂsasa ganvekrZalneT~ 

(saqm. 6,2-4. ix. aseve: 1 kor. 9,16). 

eklesiuri swavlebis mniSvnelobaze TviT misi warmomavlobac 

miuTiTebs; igi zeciuri WeSmaritebis SesanarCuneblad 

saRmrTo madliTaa daculi. mociquli pavle Tavisi swavlebis 

Sesaxeb ambobs: àramed daRacaTu Cuen, gina Tu angelozi zeciT 

gaxarebdes Tquen gareSe missa, romeli-igi gaxare Tquen, Se Cuenebul 

iyavn~ (gal. 1,8). aqedan Cans, rom samociqulo swavlebis 

sawinaaRmdego qadageba Tavis daRupvas niSnavs. amave dr os, 

radganac mociqulebs TavianT memkvidreebTan SedarebiT madli 

gansakuTrebuli siuxviT mieniWaT, ris gamoc isini msoflio 

da samaradiso maswavleblebs warmoadgenen, amitom maTi memkvidreebi 

axal swavlebas ki ar gadmogvcemen, aramed mxolod 

mociqulTa moZRvrebas ganmartaven. 

rac Seexeba mRvdelmoqmedebis sakiTxs, sarwmunoebis meufis 

mier mRvdelmsaxurebi qristianuli saidumloebebis aRsasru leblad 

arian dadgenilni, oRond, rogorc wm. werili gvaswavlis, 

saidumlos Zala mRvdelmsaxuris pirad Rirsebebze ar aris 

damokidebuli (1 tim. 4,14; 2 tim. 1,6); igi mxolod qri stes msaxurs 

warmoadgens (1 kor. 4,1); saidumlos ki TviT RmerTi aRasrulebs 

da ara mRvdelmsaxuri. 

bolos eklesiis marTvis sakiTxs SevexoT, romelsac ierar qia 

axorcielebs. saeklesio ierarqias sjulismdebloba da ek le siis 

wevrTa qcevis meTvalyureobis ufleba eniWeba. epi sko po sebi eklesiis 

ganmgeblobisaTvis arian dadgenilni (saqm. 20,28). macxovari 

mociqulebs eubneba: `raodeni SehkraT queya na sa zeda, krul iyos 

igi caTa Sina; da raodeni ganhxsnaT queya na sa zeda, xsnil iyos 

igi caTa Sina~ (mT. 18,18), rac imasac niS navs, rom mociqulebs axali 

wesebis dadgenac SeuZliaT da Zve l i s gauqmebac. amave dros isini 

ara mxolod TavianTi TaviT, ar amed sjulmdebeli RmrTis nebiT 

moqmedebdnen (saqm. 15, 28-29). 

sxvadasxva adgilze dafuZnebuli mebrZoli eklesia erTmaneTisagan 

ara mxolod wesebiT gansxvavdeba, aramed miwieri 

cxovrebis periodebzecaa damokidebuli, romelTac samoqalaqo 

cxovrebis cvlilebebi da kerZo pirebis mdgomareobani 

gansazRvraven, amitom keTilmoweseobis daurRvevlobisaTvis 

sju l debiTi uflebac ierarqebs eniWebaT. xolo rac Seexeba 

eklesiis wevrebze meTvalyureobis uflebas, igi maT im mizeziT 

miecaT, rom susti adamianebi, maTive dacvis mizniT, saeklesio 

wesebis darRvevisagan ixsnan. 

saeklesio mTavrobas sazRauris migebis uflebac eniWeba; 

radgan keTilmoweseobis gansamtkiceblad nakleb gulmodgineTa 

SeqebiT gamxnevebaa saWiro, xolo uZlurTaTvis samagaliTod 

urCis sasjeliT damorCileba, Torem danaSaulis 

daus jeloba mTeli sazogadoebis daSlas gamoiwvevs. macxovarma 

mociqulebs Tavxedebis dasjis ufleba misca (mT. 18,17- 

18). mociquli pavle korinTelebs wers: `rameTu saWurveli 

Cuenisa mis mÃedrobisaÁ _ ara xorciel ars, aramed Zlier 

RmrTisa mier dasarRuevelad ZnelovanTa... da ganmzadebulad 

guaqus Suris-gebad yovlisa urCebisa~ (2 kor. 10,4-6), Semdeg: 

`raÁ gnebavs? kuerTxiTa movide Tquenda anu siyuaruliTa da 

suliTa mSÂdobisaÁTa?~ (1 kor. 4,24). sasyidlis migebis ufleba 

mociqulTa memkvidreebsac gadaeca. mociquli episkopos tites 

wers: `mwvalebelsa kacsa Semdgomad erTisa da orisa swavlisa 

ganeSore~ (tit. 3,10). 

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom yoveli episkoposis ufleba mxolod adgilobrivi 

eklesiis farglebSi vrceldeba, xolo qristes sayovelTao 

eklesiis umaRles mTavrobas mxolod kreba warmoadgens.

150 ierarqia sulis mdgomareoba saiqioSi 

151 

eklesiis Sesaxeb saubars davasrulebT wm. mamebis mier zeciu 

ri da miwieri eklesiis kavSirsa da wmindanebis meoxebaze 

dadgenili swavlebis gadmocemiT: wmindanebi CvenTvis Suamdgomloben 

da gvexmarebian, radgan axla ufro metad vuyvarvarT, 

vidre maSin, roca amqveynad cxovrobdnen. RmrTisTvis sayvareli 

RmrTis moyvareTa qristes eklesia xom rogorc miwaze, aseve 

zecaSic erTia da wmindanebi axla ufro axlos arian RmerTTan, 

vidre manamde iyvnen, sanam sasufevels da imkvi d rebdnen. 

gardacvlili adamianis sulis mdgomareoba 

ukanasknel samsjavromde 

sikvdilis raobisaTvis mokled SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom es 

aris sulis ganSoreba xorcTan. igi yvela adamianis saerTo 

xvedria, romelic Cveni bunebis codviT dazianebam gamoiwvia. 

adamianis sikvdili RmrTis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis 

Sedegia im gagebiT, rom netarebis mosapovebeli samoRvaweo 

dro misi sikvdiliT sruldeba. mociquli ambobs: `Ruawli 

keTili momiRuawebies, srbaÁ aRmisrulebies, sarwmunoebaÁ 

damimarxavs. amieriTgan mimelis me simarTlisa igi gÂrgÂni~ 

(2 tim. 4,7-8). sikvdili adamianis ara sulier, aramed xo r ciel 

cxovrebas wyvets. suli damoukidebeli arsebaa, ro melic arsebobis 

saidumlos Tavisive TavSi atarebs. igi ni v Tier bu nebasa 

da mis Zalebze aRmatebulia da maSin, ro ca mis irgvl iv yovelive 

icvleba, TviTon ucvleli, erTi da igive rCeba. 

RmrTis sityva Zv. aRTqmaSi sulis ukvdavebis magaliTebs 

met-naklebi sicxadiT gviCvenebs: xan enuqisa da elias zecad 

amaRlebiT, xan kidev imiT, rom RmerTi Tavis Tavs abraamis sasyidels 

(Sesq. 15,1) an gardacvlilTa _ abraamis, isaakis da iakobis 

RmerTs uwodebs (gams. 3,6), rac mis simarTlesa da didebulebasTan 

Seusabamo iqneboda, igi rom araraobis RmerTad migveCnia (Sesq. 

25,8; 49,32); aseve imiTac, rom droebiT cxovrebas mwiroba ewodeba 

(1 neSt. 29,15). roca iakobi darwmunda, rom iosebi mxecs SeWmuli 

hyavda, Tqva: `STavide Zisa Cemisa Tana gloviT jojoxeTad~ 

(Sesq. 37,35). wm. mgalobelis sityviT: `moaklda gulsa Cemsa da 

xorcTa CemTa; RmerTi gulisa Cemisa da nawil Cemda ars RmerTi 

ukunisamde~ (fs. 72,26). aq marTlis mier RmerTTan maradiuli Ta- 

naarsebobis imedia gamoxatuli. eklesiaste ambobs: `miiqceodes 

mtveri miwad, rogorc iyo da suli daubrundes RmerTs, romelmac 

STabera~ (12,7). es aris Zv. aRTqmis yvelaze naTeli da mtkice 

mowmoba sulis imqveyniuri arsebobis Sesaxeb. 

mTeli axali aRTqma sulis ukvdavebis swavlebiTaa ganmsWvaluli. 

qristianoba im azrzea dafuZnebuli, rom Cveni RmerTi 

sicocxlis RmerTia. macxovari codvasTan brZolaSi simtkices 

imis rwmeniT gvmatebs, rom xorcis warmwymedels sulis mokvla 

ar SeuZlia (mT. 10, 28). mdidrisa da lazares igaviT ki gviCvenebs, 

rom gardacvalebis Semdeg marTali lazares suli netarebas 

ganicdis, xolo mdidris suli cocxalia, magram tanjviT damZimebuli 

(lk. 16,19-31). macxovari Tavganwirvis safasurad maradiul 

netarebas gvpirdeba: `romelsa sZuldes suli TÂsi amas sofelsa, 

cxorebad saukunod daimarxos igi~ (in. 12,25). Cveni meufis mier 

sikvdilze mopovebuli gamarjveba yvela morwmunis gamarjvebaa. 

igi ambobs: `me cxovel var da Tquenca cxovel iyvneT~ (in. 14,19). 

aseve ix. 1 pet. 1,3-5; ebr. 9,12. 

rac ar unda ueWveli iyos sulis imqveyniuri arseboba, CvenTvis 

ukanasknel samsjavromde misi mdgomareobis gansazRvra 

mainc nawilobrivaa SesaZlebeli. RmerTma amis Sesaxeb sruli 

cnobis mocema ar keTilineba. Cven mkiTxaobisa da kacobrivi 

gonebiT Ziebis gareSe im mcirediTac unda davkmayofildeT, 

romelic RmrTis mier mogveca. 

upirveles yovlisa, ueWvelia is, rom RmrTis simarTle marTal 

da codvil sulebs imqveynad erTsa da imave xvedrs ar 

miagebs. wm. werilis mixedviT ukanasknel samsjavromde wmindanebis 

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb viciT, rom a) isini gardacvalebis 

Semdeg miwier cxovrebaSi mopovebuli RvawlisaTvis damsaxurebisda 

mixedviT netarebiT jildovdebian (in. 14, 3; lk. 16, 22; 

1 kor. 3, 8); b) marTalTa sulebi ganisveneben (ebr. 4, 3.11; lk. 23, 

43), anu mwuxarebas da tanjvas ar ganicdian (gamc. 7, 16-17); isini 

sxva wmindanebTan da angelozebTan urTierTobiT arian dakavebulni 

(mT. 8, 11; lk. 16, 22), an kravis saydarTan dganan da masa 

da RmerTs qeba-didebiT emsaxurebian (gamc. 5, 11; 7, 9-10), xolo 

rCeulebi qristesTan erTad Tanasufeven (gamc. 20, 4; in. 14, 3). 

wm. werilis swavlebiT saSinel samsjavromde codvili sulebis 

imqveyniuri mdgomareoba aseTia: a) maTi mdgomareoba

152 sulis mdgomareoba saiqioSi antiqristes Sesaxeb 

153 

codvebis sxvadasxvaobis gamo erTnairi ar aris (mT. 5,22); b) 

mounaniebeli sulebi satanjvels eZlevian (lk. 12,4-5; in. 8,21- 

32), Tumca maTi es mdgomareoba saboloo ar aris (gamc. 20,13-14; 

2 kor. 5,10); g) codvilTa sulebi, romlebmac sinanulis Rirsi 

nayofi ver gamoiRes, magram gardacvalebamde sarwmunoebisa da 

RmrTismosaobis marcvali gaaCndaT, mounaniebeli codvilebis 

msgavsad ar itanjebian da eklesiis meoxebiT daxmarebis miRebis 

SesaZlebloba aqvT (1 in. 5,16); d) isini RmrTis pirs ver Wvreten 

(mT. 7,21; 8,12), radgan sulTa sapyrobilesa (1 pet. 3,19) an 

jojoxeTSi (lk. 16,23) imyofebian, magram cnoben da grZnoben 

im netarebis dakargvas, romliTac wmindanebi tkbebian (lk. 

16,24-25); TavianTi codvebisaTvis sin disis qenjnas ganicdian 

da mdgomareobis Semsubuqebas amaod cdiloben (lk. 16, 25-26). 

mociquli ioane gvaswavlis: ùkueTu vinme ixilos ZmaÁ TÂsi, 

romeli codvides codvasa ara sasikudinesa, iTxovos da mosces 

mas cxovrebaÁ, romelni-igi codviden ara sasikudined; ars 

codvaÁ sasikudine, ara misTÂs vityÂ, raÁTa iTxoos~ (1 in. 5,16). 

iudevelTa gasagonad macxovari ambobs, rom arsebobs codva, 

romelic arc ama da arc mermindel saukuneSi ar SeendobaT 

(mrk. 3, 29). am ori Segonebis Sedarebidan Cans, rom aris codva 

sasikvdine 36 (romlisTvisac locvac uSedegoa, radgan arc aq da 

arc mermindel cxovrebaSi ar mieteveba) da aris codva arasasikvdine, 

romlisTvisac locvam keTili nayofi SeiZleba gamoiRos, 

sxvagvarad, romelic mermindel cxovrebaSi mieteveba. 

amrigad, RmrTis sityvis SegonebiT Cven unda gvwamdes, rom 

codvilebs, romelTac am cxovrebaSi ufali ieso qristes 

macxovnebeli rwmenis marcvali gaaCndaT, xvedris Semsubuqebis 

imedi warTmeuli ara aqvT. maTi mdgomareobis gaumjo bese b i s- 

T vis zrunva ki mxolod imaT SeuZliaT, romelnic macxovnebeli 

madlis miRebis saSualebebs floben. 

net. avgustine wers: àr unda uarvyoT is, rom gardacvlilTa 

sulebs cocxali naTesavebis keTilmsaxurebiT mdgomareoba 

maSin umsubuqdebaT, roca maTTvis Suamdgomelis msxverpli 

Seiwireba, anda roca maTi sargeblobisaTvis eklesiaSi mowyalebas 

arigeben; magram RmrTismosaobis am saqmes sargebloba 

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi moaqvs, Tu maT TviTon daimsaxures, rom 

36 wmida mamaTa ganmartebiT, sasikvdine _ es igive mounaniebeli codvebia. 

es sasargeblo yofiliyo... visTvisac locvebi sasargebloa, 

SeiZleba codvebisgan sruliad ganiwmindos, an imdenad daexmaros, 

rom sasjeli asatani gaxdes~. eklesiis sxva maswav leb lebic 

zogierTi sulis imqveyniuri mdgomareobisa da imis Sesaxeb, 

Tu ramdenad SeiZleba maTi mdgomareoba amqveyniurma eklesiam 

Secvalos, zustad aseve msjelobdnen. wm. ioane oqropiri 

ambobs: mociqulebma saSinel saidumloebebSi gardacvlilTa 

moxsenieba ubralod rodi daadgines, maT icodnen, Tu ramdenad 

didi sargeblobis momtani iyo igi sulebisaTvis. 

swavleba antiqristes Sesaxeb 

wm. werilis mowmobiT, qristes meufebis ukanaskneli Jami 

yvelaze mZime da salmobieri iqneba (gamc. 20,7-8). mociquli garkveviT 

ambobs, rom sibnelis Tavadis brZola qristes meufebis 

winaaRmdeg antiqristes xeliT ganxorcieldeba. ai, ras wers 

mociquli pavle antiqristes Sesaxeb: `rameTu, ukueTu ara movides 

gandgomilebaÁ igi pirvelad, da gamoCndes kaci igi usjuloebisaÁ, 

Svili igi warsawymedelisaÁ, mÃdomi igi da ganlaRebuli 

yovelTa zeda, romelni saxel-debul arian RmrTad gina 

samsaxurebelad, viTarmed da-ca-jdes igi taZarsa mas RmrTisasa 

da gamoaCinebdes Tavsa TÂssa, viTarca RmerTi... saidumloÁ igi 

awve iqmnebis usjuloebisaÁ... da maSin gamoCndes usjuloÁ igi... 

romlisa-igi moslvaÁ ars SewevniTa eSmakisaÁTa~ (2 Tes. 2,3-9). 

aqedan Cans, rom antiqriste pirovneba, adamiani iqneba. gansxvaveba 

antiqristes, rogorc gansakuTrebul da namdvil pirsa 

da mis winamorbed cru maswavleblebs Soris naTlad gamoxata 

ioane maxarebelma: `gasmies, viTarmed antiqriste movals da awca 

antiqristeni mravalni arian~ (1 in. 2,18). igi gviCvenebs, rom antiqriste 

unda ewodebodes yvelas, romelic qristes sarwmunoebas 

sworad ar aRiarebs (isini ioa ne mociqulis drosac mravlad 

iyvnen). miuxedavad amisa, sakuTriv antiqriste jer kidev ar 

gamoCenila (1 in. 4,3; 2 in. 1,7). 

antiqriste yovelive qristianuls dagmobs, ufal ieso qri s tes 

uaryofs da qristianebs Soris Tavis Tavs RmerTad warmoaCens. 

mxeci antiqriste eSmakis (gvelis) sruli gavleniT imo qmedebs. 

eSmaki mTel Tavis Zalas, rac ki mas am sofelsa da uke Tur adamianebze 

gaaCnia, antiqristes gadascems. igi sxvadasxva Cvenebasa

154 155 

da saswauls Caidens, magram es mxolod sicruis saqme iqneba da 

ara WeSmariti saswauli. antiqristes Tavisi wina swarmetyvelic 

eyoleba, romelic mis sicrues mTeli TavgamodebiT gaavrcelebs 

(gamc. 19,20; 20,10); igi xalxs acdunebs, rom TayvaniscemisaTvis 

mxecis xati gaakeTon, xolo vinc mxecis xats Tayvans ar scems, 

sikvdiliT daisjeba. sicrue marTlac didad mimzidveli aRmoCndeba 

da gansakuTrebuli gulisxmisyofa da su lieri simtkice 

iqneba saWiro, rom adamiani macduris msxverpli ar Seiqnes 

(gamc. 13-15). RmrTis daSvebiT, antiqristes mraval tomsa da 

erze miecema xelmwifeba, romelTa Soris ebraelebi pirvelebi 

iqnebian. despotizmis Zaladoba imdenad gavrceldeba, rom vinc 

antiqristes morCilebis beWeds ar miiRebs, verc verafers iyidis 

da verc gayidis, erTi sityviT aranairi moqalaqeobrivi 

ufleba ar eqneba. 37 antiqristes Sesaxeb meored mosvla 

ieso qristes meored mosvla 

wm. werilSi zedmiwevniT naTladaa gadmocemuli is WeSmariteba, 

rom Ze RmrTisa _ ieso qriste isev mova am qveyanaze, magram uk ve 

ara Ze kacis simdabliT, aramed mamis didebiT; rogorc WeSmariti 

Ze RmrTisa, ise gacxaddeba. yvela ero vnebisa da sarwmunoebis 

xalxi, ixilavs ra jvriT aRWurvilsa da didebiT mosil macxovars, 

jvris macxovnebel ZalaSi darwmundeba da radgan aqamde 

mis mimarT rwmena ar hqonda, mware glovas miecema (mT. 24,30). 

meored mosvlis JamisaTvis macxovari ambobs: `xolo dRisa 

misTÂs da Jamisa aravin icis, arca angelozTa cisaTa, garna mamaman 

mxoloman~ (mT. 24,36). Tuki angelozebis maRali gonisTvisac 

qristes mtkice aRmsarebelni, romelnic 

antiqristes uSiSrad uaryofen, yovelgvari dandobis gareSe 

sikvdils miecemian (mux. 15-17). 

mociqulis sityviT antiqristes damRupveli moqmedeba sa kuTriv 

imaTze vrceldeba, romelTac `siyuaruli igi WeSmaritebisaÁ ara 

Seiwynares, raÁTamca cxondes igini, amisTÂs mouv linos maT Rmer- 

Tman Semwe sacTurebisaÁ, raÁTa hrwmenes maT ty u vilisaÁ~ (2 Tes. 

2,10-11). maSasadame, am adamianebis warwymeda maTive moqmedebiTa 

da RmrTis samsjavroTi iqneba ganpirobebuli. 

RmrTis saidumloTa mcnobi mociquli erT xilvas ase aRgviwers: 

antiqristes xelmwifebis mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi We- 

Smaritebis saqadageblad ori winaswarmetyveli moivlineba (wm. 

mamebis swavlebiT _ ilia da enuqi), romlebic did sa swaulebs 

aRasruleben; Semdeg mxeci maT moklavs, magram wamebulebi 

mesame dRes aRdgebian da zecad amaRldebian (gamc. 11,3-12). sxva 

xilvaSi naCvenebia, rom mxecis uarmyofelTa dasacavad angelozebi 

moivlinebian da usjuloebas RmrTis risxvas daatexen 

(gamc. 15,1). antiqristes xelmwifeba 42 Tve (gamc. 11,2; 13,5) anu 1260 

dRe (11,3; 12,6), e. i. samweliwadnaxevari gagrZeldeba. 

ki miuwvdomelia meored mosvlis Jamis codna, maSin miT umetes 

ad amianisTvis igi SeuZlebeli iqneba. petre mociquli wers, rom macxovris 

meored mosvla uecrad, moulodnelad moxdeba (2 pet. 3,10). 

Cveni gadarCenisTvis mzrunveli wm. werili sulmokleobisagan 

Cvens dasacavad da samsjavrosaTvis mosamzadeblad qristes mosvlis 

zogierT niSans gviCvenebs: a) saxarebis qadagebis garegnuli 

gavrceleba (mT. 24,14); b) rwmenisa da siyvarulis mokleba (mT. 24,12; 

lk. 18,8); da g) antiqristes gamoCena (2 Tes. 2,1-3). 

pirveli saqme, romelsac macxovari didebiT mosvlis dros 

me yseulad aRasrulebs, is iqneba, rom `mkudarni igi qristes 

mi erni aRdgen pirvelad~ (1 Tes. 4,16), anu darRveuli sxeuli 

gacocxldeba da isev im suls SeuerTdeba, romelTanac miwieri 

cxovrebis dros iyo dakavSirebuli. RmrTis cxovelmyofeli 

moqmedeba yvela mkvdarze gavrceldeba, magram ara erTnairi 

SedegiT. RmrTis moqmedeba cocxlebsac SeexebaT, romelic maTi 

sxeulebis cvlilebiT aRsruldeba. mociqulis swavlebiT (1 

kor. 15,41-54) aRmdgari sxeuli _ a) uxrwneli anu yovelgvari 

rRvevisagan Tavisufali iqneba, da maS., uxeSi nawilebisagan 

ar iqneba Semdgari; b) igi sulieri iqneba da ara mSvinvieri. 

radganac samSvinveli sulisagan gansxvavebiT cxovelur sicocxles 

gu lis xmobs, amitom sulieri sxeuli mSvinvierisagan gan- 

37antiqristes beWdis miReba adamianis mier misi morCilebis Segnebul 

aRiarebas niSnavs. amitom aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli aTasgvari 

maqinaciebi maT gamomgonebelTa fantazias advilad aaSkaraveben, radgan 

maT mier aRwerili niSnebi TviT adamianis nebis monawileobas sruliad 

gamoricxaven (magaliTad, kanqveS raRac mikroeleqtronuli firfitebis 

saidumlod Seyvana da misT.). 

sxvavebiT iseT sxeuls niSnavs, romelic cxovelur moTxovnebs 

ar daemorCileba. iseve rogorc macxovars aRmdgari sxeuliT 

daxSul karebSi SeeZlo Sesvla (in. 20,19-26), aseve sulieri sxeulic 

msubuqi da advilmoZravi iqneba: àRvitacneT RrubliTa~ 

(1 Tes. 4,17); g) aRmdgari sxeulis gandidebis xarisxi sulieri

156 ieso qristes meored mosvla 

157 

cxovrebis Sesabamisi iqneba. uwminduris sxeuli ar gandiddeba 

da sulsac ver gaaxarebs. igi, rogorc aRmdgari sxeuli, 

ux rwnelic iqneba, Zlieric da su lieric, magram vnebebis moqmedebis 

gamo yovelive es suls mxo lod tanjvas moutans. 

adamianis aseT cvlilebas nivTieri samyaros Secvlac mohyveba. 

mociquli petre axlandel stiqiaTa darRvevaze laparakobs da 

ara nivTieri samyaros ganadgurebaze (2 pet. 3,10-13). mis sityvebSi 

is iaraRic naCvenebia, romliTac msoflios msajuli nivTieri 

samyaros cvlilebas aRasrulebs. es iaraRi cecxlia. 

amrigad, darRveuli qveynierebisagan ganaxlebuli da uke- 

Tesi samyaro warmoiSoba. 

mamazecieris gangebiT qveynierebis msajuli Ze RmrTisa iqneba 

(saqm. 10,42), romelsac angelozebi moemsaxurebian. yvela 

adamianuri saqme, azri, ganzraxva da survili, agreTve yovelive 

is, rac aqamde SebRaluli sindisis mier Segnebulad iyo 

dafaruli, ganisjeba. ukanaskneli samsjavro mtkice simarTliT 

aResruleba, radganac msajuli TviT yovlismcodne da 

simarTlismoyvare RmerTi iqneba, romelic pirmoTneobas ar 

da uSvebs. sasamarTlo gadamwyveti iqneba, romlis ganaCeni 

ar asodes ar Seicvleba (mT. 25,46). yvelas Sekrebis Semdeg 

ke Tilni da borotni gancalkevdebian, pirvelebi msajulis 

marjvniv, xolo meoreni _ marcxena mxares dadgindebian (mux. 

32-33). amis Semdeg ki msajuli ganaCens warmoTqvams: `movediT, 

kurTxeulno mamisa Cemisano, da daimkÂdreT ganmzadebuli TquenTÂs 

sasufeveli... maSin hrquas marcxeniTTa maTca: warvediT 

Cemgan, wyeulno, cecxlsa mas saukunesa~ (mux. 34.41). sasamarTlo 

rogorc sulis, aseve xorcis saqmeTaTvis gansjis. amave dros 

wm. werili arsad ar ambobs, rom ukanasknel samsjavroze vinmes 

sakuTari xvedris Secvlis saSualeba eqneba. 

marTalTa netarebis saxe ase warmogvidgeba: isini Sromisa 

da zrunvis, avadmyofobisa da xrwnadobisgan ganTavisufldebi an. 

sjulisa da adamianis gonebis winaaRmdegobas suliersa da wmi nda 

sxeulSi adgili ar eqneba (rom. 7,23-24; 1 kor. 15,43); si yvarulis 

saqme gagrZeldeba; isini sagnebs pirispir ganWvreten, maT mravali 

iseTi ram gaexsnebaT, rac amqveynad sru l i ad ar icodnen (1 

kor. 13,12); maTTvis axali ca da axali qveya na ig ive aRmoCndeba, 

rac ucodveli adamianisTvis samoTxe iyo (gamc. 21,1.23); wmindanebi 

Seqmnil bunebaze uflebiT iseve isargeb leben, rogorc ucodveli 

adamiani sargeblobda, radgan qri stes madliT adamianis aRdgena 

Tavisive uflebebiTa da upi ratesobiT ucodvel adamianad aRdgomas 

niSnavs (gamc. 22,1-5). 

didebul marTalTa da wminda angelozTa mTeli krebuli 

erTmaneTTan siyvarulis sakrvelebiT arian SeerTebulni da 

maTi es urTierToba mSvidobisa da sixarulis wyaros wa rmoadgens. 

marTalia, wmindanebi eniT gamouTqmel netarebas 

ganicdian (1 pet. 1,8), magram maTi mdgomareoba zneobrivi srulyofis 

xarisxis mixedviT gansxvavebulia, Tumca rogorc net. 

avgustine ambobs, netarebaTa Soris gansxvaveba arc erT wmindanSi 

Surs ar aRZravs, radgan aravin ar moisurvebs imas, rac 

RmerTma ar misca. 

vamTavrebT ra RmrTis wyalobiT rwmenis safuZvlebis 

gadmocemas, mas, vis sadidebladac es mciredi Sroma aResrula, 

madlobas vwiravT da vevedrebiT: 

`samebao miuwvdomelo, momec monaTa SenTa marTali aRsaarebaÁ, 

raÁTa gqadagoT RmerTi sruli samguamovnad TviTebiTa 

Seurevnelad, bunebiT ganuyofelad, erTarsebiT didebulad, da 

erTobiT vityviT yovelni: yovelni saqmeni uflisani akurTxevdiT 

RmerTsa Cuensa ukunisamde~. amin.

158 sarCevi 

159 

RmrTeebriv pirTa erTarsoba .................................................................115 

winaTqma .........................................................................................................................3 

RmerTi _ samyaros Semoqmedi ..................................................................116 

msoflio saeklesio krebebi 

RmerTi _ Semoqmedi da 

pirveli msoflio saeklesio kreba ....................................................6 

ganmgebeli angelozebisa ...............................................................................118 

meore msoflio saeklesio kreba ..........................................................12 

swavleba boroti angelozebis Sesaxeb ............................................121 

mesame msoflio saeklesio kreba ..........................................................16 

swavleba adamianis Sesaxeb ..........................................................................126 

meoTxe msoflio saeklesio krebis win ...........................................21 

adamianis Seqmna ......................................................................................................126 

meoTxe msoflio saeklesio kreba .......................................................27 

RmrTis xateba da msgavseba adamianSi ...............................................127 

dogmati Cveni ufali ieso qristes erTi piris 

adamianis dacema .....................................................................................................128 

ori bunebis Sesaxeb ............................................................................................30 

RmrTis ganzraxva adamianis 

mexuTe msoflio saeklesio krebis win 

gadarCenisaTvis .....................................................................................................131 

a)ÿmokle cnobebi meoTxe msoflio krebis Semdeg 

swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb .................................................................134 

monofizitobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb ............................................35 

RmerTi _ ganwmendeli adamianisa .........................................................140 

b) dava sami Tavis Sesaxeb .............................................................................37 

eklesia ...........................................................................................................................143 

mexuTe msoflio saeklesio kreba ........................................................41 

qristes WeSmariti eklesiis Tvisebebi .............................................145 

meeqvse msoflio saeklesio krebis win ...........................................46 

ierarqia ........................................................................................................................147 

meeqvse msoflio saeklesio kreba .......................................................51 

gardacvlili adamianis sulis mdgomareoba 

meSvide msoflio saeklesio krebis win ..........................................58 

ukanasknel samsjavromde..............................................................................150 

xatTmbrZolobis batonoba ..........................................................................71 

swavleba antiqristes Sesaxeb ...................................................................153 

meSvide msoflio saeklesio kreba ......................................................78 

dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba 

Sesavali ........................................................................................................................88 

RmrTis Semecneba ...................................................................................................91 

RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi ..................................................................................94 

RmerTi sampirovania _ mama da Ze da suli wmida 

miTiTebani wmida samebis saidumloze 

Zvel aRTqmaSi ..........................................................................................................103 

saxarebis swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb .....................................105 

swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb 

mociqulTa epistoleebSi ..............................................................................105 

mama RmerTi ................................................................................................................107 

Ze RmerTi .....................................................................................................................107 

suliwmida RmerTi ...............................................................................................109 

suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba ...................................................................110 

Ze RmerTisa da mama RmerTis 

sakuTari Tvisebani .............................................................................................113 

ieso qristes meored mosvla ....................................................................155 

sarCevi ..........................................................................................................................158

msoflio saeklesio krebebi 

dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba 

mesame gamocema 

Semdgeneli gr. ruxaZe 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamomcemloba, 2008 

Tbilisi, erekle II moed. #1 

98-26-34, 8(99)-19-68-23 

el. fosta: madli.ssg@rambler.ru 

b“åëå…“*,å “%K%!/ 

d%ãì=2,÷å“*%å K%ã%“ë%",å 

(…= ã!3ƒ,…“*%ì ƒ/*å) 

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hƒä=2åëü“2"% 

c!3ƒ,…“*%L o=2!,=!.,, 

ŠK,ë,“,, 2008 

xelmowerilia dasabeWdad 07.03.2008. tir. 500. 

daibeWda gamomcemloba `logosis~ stambaSi 

Tbilisi, ilia WavWavaZis gamziri # 13

msoflio saeklesio krebebi dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba

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