msoflio saeklesio krebebi dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba
msoflio saeklesio krebebi dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba
msoflio saeklesio krebebi dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
dogmatur-istoriuli sakiTxebi<br />
mokle saswavlo kursi<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong><br />
<strong>saeklesio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong><br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong><br />
<strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong><br />
mesame gamocema<br />
Seadgina grigol ruxaZem<br />
saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqos gamomcemloba<br />
Tbilisi, 2008
2 3<br />
daibeWda uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
jmjb!JJ<br />
locva-kurTxeviT<br />
naSromSi warmodgenilia <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong>s<br />
(IV-VIII ss.) dogmatur-istoriuli da TviT dogmatikis<br />
sistemuri swavlebis mokle kursebi, risTvisac ZiriTadad<br />
gamoyenebulia prof. a. lebe devis (b“åëå…“*,å “% K%!/,<br />
2. III, qå!ã. o%“ä., 1896; 2. IV, qoa., 1904) da mTavarep. filaretis<br />
(o!="%“ë="…%å ä%ãì=2,÷å“*%å K%ã%“ë%",å, ). I-II,<br />
qoa., 1882) saxelmZRvaneloebi.<br />
gankuTvnilia marTlmadidebluri RmrTismetyvelebis<br />
safuZvlebis Seswavlis msurvelTa da eklesiis istoriul-dogmatikuri<br />
sakiTxebiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTaTvis.<br />
redaqtori prof. gvanca koplataZe<br />
recenzenti protopresviteri<br />
giorgi gamrekeli<br />
ISBN 978-9941-9016-2-1 © grigol ruxaZe,<br />
winaTqma<br />
RmrTismetyvelebis doqtoris aleqsi lebedevis <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
<strong>saeklesio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong>sa da mTavarepiskoposi filaretis (gumilevski)<br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong> RmrTismetyvelebis mokle kursebi eklesiis interesebidan<br />
gamomdinare, jer kidev gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi<br />
(rogorc Tsa-is sadiplomo naSromi) movamzadeT, radgan<br />
aRniSnul saki TxebTan dakavSirebuli si stematuri Txzulebebi<br />
Tanamedrove qarTul enaze ar gagvaCnda. am mxriv mdgomareoba<br />
arsebiTad ar Secvlila, xolo Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebis Seswavla<br />
da gamocema, miT umetes am Jamad, mraval problemasTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli da Znel saqmes warmoadgens. aqve unda SevniSnoT,<br />
rom Zveli qarTuli teqstebis sruli korpusis gamoqveyneba<br />
kidevac rom moxerxdes, sasurvel Sedegs mainc ver gamoiRebs,<br />
radgan enobrivi sirTulis gamo mxolod specialistTa viwro<br />
wrisaTvis iqneba misawvdomi. Teol o giuri profilis saswavleblebSi<br />
swavlebis procesis sworad warsamarTavad ki vfiqrobT,<br />
rom aseTi saxis naSromebis Sedgena aucilebelia, radgan sasuliero<br />
ganaTlebis safuZvelTa safuZvels do gmatikis swavleba<br />
warmoadgens. warmodgenili naSromis mesamed gamocemac iman<br />
ganapiroba, rom jerjerobiT, sanam ufro vrceli da srulyofili<br />
saxelmZRvanelo Seqmnila, masze mkiTxvelis moTxovna isev arsebobs.<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebebsa da eklesiis mamebis moRvaweobaze da k v i rvebiT<br />
SeiZleba Semdegi daskvnebi gamovitanoT:<br />
1.ÿsaxelmwifos Zlierebas erisa da eklesiis erTsulovneba<br />
gansa zRvravs, Zliereba ki _ mSvidobas, romelic ZiriTadi pirobaa<br />
mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
2.ÿwm. mamebi WeSmariti aRmsareblobis gamomxatveli TiToeuli<br />
si tyvisaTvis swiravdnen Tavs, radgan swavlebis mTel<br />
Sinaarss xSirad erTi termini itevs.<br />
3.ÿWeSmaritebas gonieri mtrebi hyavs da maTTan brZola sarwmunoebis<br />
mecnierulsa da Rrma codnas moiTxovs, romlis SeZenac<br />
mxolod Sesabamisi zneobisa da sulierebis mqone mo rwmuneT<br />
xelewifebaT.<br />
4.ÿeklesiis swavlebis dasacavad, pirobiTad eresis mxilebis<br />
sami saxe SeiZleba gamovyoT: a) zogadi: roca eklesia eress mxolod<br />
swori swavlebis gadmocemiT ebrZvis; b) SegonebiTi: roca
4 winaTqma grigol ruxaZe<br />
5<br />
avtori cdilobs Tavis SecdomaSi gaarkvios marTali swavlebis<br />
mowinaaRmdege; g) aSkara: roca mwvalebeli borotmoqmedebaSi<br />
pirdapiraa mxilebuli. _ÿsamive SemTxveva ZiriTadad Sesabamisi<br />
istoriuli pirobebidan gamomdinareobs.<br />
5.ÿarc erTi eresis warmoSobis mizezi SemTxveviToba ar yofi<br />
la da misi moqmedeba WeSmaritebis siZulvils ukavSirdeba,<br />
romelic SuriTa da ampartavnebiTaa nasazrdoebi.<br />
6.ÿWeSmaritad ganaTlebuli pirovnebis saxes upiratesad<br />
RmrTi smetyveluri ganswavluloba gansazRvravs; sxvagvarad:<br />
sarwmunoebriv kanonebSi gaucnobierebel adamians myari zneobrivi<br />
safuZveli ar SeiZleba hqondes.<br />
7.ÿeklesias axasiaTebs diplomatia da politika, romels ac<br />
igi simSvidis SenarCunebisa da uSfoTvelobisaTvis iye nebs da<br />
mas ierarqebi warmarTaven. mis diplomatiaSi _ sxve bTan urTierTobaSi<br />
mravalRoneoba, xolo politikaSi _ Sina da sagareo<br />
urTierTobaTa principi igulisxmeba.<br />
rac Seexeba RmrTismetyvelebis Cvens wyaros, masSi gadmocemuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri dogmatebi wm. weriliTa da wm. gardmocemiTaa<br />
dadasturebuli. magram Cven mxolod ZiriTad swav lebebs<br />
SevexeT da iseve rogorc <strong>krebebi</strong>s istoria, SeZlebisdagvarad<br />
mokled gadmoveciT, raTa misawvdomi gagvexada rwmenis safuZvlebiT<br />
dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wri saTvis. miT umetes,<br />
axla, roca yvela (kaTolikec, protestantic) Tavis Tavs qristians<br />
uwodebs, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs marTali sarwmunoebis<br />
mecnierul codnas, rac qarTveli eris problematuri da<br />
principuli sakiTxebis sa ke TildRe od gadaWrisaTvis gardauval<br />
aucileblobad unda migvaCndes.<br />
roca Cvens sulier kulturaze vlaparakobT, Tvalwin misi<br />
Semqmneli Cveni Rirseuli mamuliSvilebi, didi mamebi, mwerlebi,<br />
mecnierebi Tu sazogado moRvaweebi warmogvidgebian. vis SeuZlia<br />
daasaxelos maTgan Tundac erTi pirovneba, romelic Rrmad ar<br />
erkveoda saRmrTismetyvelo sakiTxebSi, an eklesiis madls iyo<br />
moklebuli? xolo dRes, roca sakiTxi suliersa da moralur<br />
Sefasebas moiTxovs, samwuxarod, TviT aRiarebul moazrovneebTanac<br />
ki miuRebel msjelobasa da antiqristianul gamonaTqvamebs<br />
SexvdebiT. xSirad TviT dogmatis cnebac, rogorc brmad miRebuli<br />
debuleba da rogorc gonebrivi Sez Ruduloba isea gagebuli.<br />
sinamdvileSi xom es warmodgenebi RmrTismbrZolTa moweuli<br />
Sxamiani nayofia, romelic umec rebis gamo axlac Zveleburad<br />
wamlavs sulebs. marTlmadidebloba RmrTis mcnebebisa da dogmatebis<br />
erTobliobaa da romelimes uaryofa aRmsareblobis<br />
uaryofasac niSnavs.<br />
marTalia, Cveni msjelobis safuZvels gamocxadebiT mocemuli<br />
WeSmaritebis rwmena da <strong>dogmaturi</strong> <strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong> warmoadgens,<br />
magram saxareba gvaswavlis, rom WeSmaritebaSi Teoriuli<br />
mxaris garda zneobrivic igulisxmeba. amitom sar wmu noebri vi<br />
ka nonebis anu dogmatikis codna saSualebas gvaZlevs istoriul<br />
sinamdviles analizi gavukeToT. bibliuri istoriebi<br />
iq neba es Tu `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gamocdileba, naTlad Cans,<br />
rom WeSmariti aRmsareblobisgan adamianTa gandgomas Sedegad<br />
yo velTvis maTive ubedureba mohyveboda; aseve, Tu Cvens<br />
dRevandel mdomareobas dogmatur-istoriuli TvalsazrisiT<br />
ganvixilavT, sakiTxi SeiZleba ase Camova yaliboT: ers, romelic<br />
sulieri saZirkvelis gamagrebisaTvis ganaTlebis mtkice sistemas<br />
ver aRadgens (romelic bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
katastrofulad nadgurdeba), globalizaciis morevi Ca iTrevs<br />
da er ovnul-sarwmunoebrivi erTianobis ideaze aR o rZinebul<br />
qar T ul kulturul fenomens Ziri gamoeTxreba. Ta na medrove<br />
sazo ga doebis ganaTlebul, ufro sworad, swavlul nawils Segnebuli<br />
rom hqondes WeSmariti sarwmunoebis mniSvneloba, igi<br />
sworad gansazRvravda Tavis beds da qristes mo winaa RmdegeSi<br />
saqarTvelos mtris danaxva ar gauWirdeboda. pavle mociqulis<br />
sityviT, sjuli misTvis ambobs, vinc mas emorCileba (rom. 3,19),<br />
amitom umniSvnelo nawilis windaxeduloba erisaTvis sakmarisi<br />
ar aris. Cveni umecrebiT keTili borotisagan Tu ver gavarCieT,<br />
swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad uZlurni aR movCndebiT.<br />
rogorc cxovrebis kanonzomiereba gvaswavlis: RmrTis wyalobiT,<br />
Tuki inteligenciis im nawilma, romelsac sazogadoebrivi<br />
azris warmarTva akisria, aRiara, rom marTlmadideblobaSia<br />
Cveni xsna, maSin erisa da eklesiis erToba Cvens patara saqarTvelosac<br />
ki aqcevs im klded, romelsac bWeni jojoxeTisani<br />
ver moerevian. safuZveli amisaTvis, vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifosa da marTlmadidebel eklesias So ris 2002 wels gaformebuli<br />
xelSekrulebiT ukve daido, xolo keTili momavali
6 nikea, 325 w.<br />
7<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
<strong>krebebi</strong><br />
pirveli <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba<br />
(nikea, 325 w.)<br />
rac sam aseul episkoposs surda, es aris ara sxva ram,<br />
aramed TviT RmrTis azri, miT umetes maSin, roca amdeni<br />
da amgvari Rirsebis mqone mamis gonebaSi mkvi drobda<br />
suliwmida, romelic maT RmrTeebriv nebas uCvenebda.<br />
konstantine didi.<br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong> sakiTxi, romelic nikeis krebaze mamebis yuradRebas<br />
iqcevda, Semdegi iyo: miviCnioT Tu ara Ze RmrTisa RmerTad,<br />
romelic Tanaswori iqneba mama RmerTisa, Tu vaRiaroT igi<br />
qmnilebaTa Soris srulyofilad an kidev miviCnioT RmerTad,<br />
magram RirsebiT ara Tanasworad mamisa.<br />
kreba mxolod garkveuli mxaris warmomadgenlebisagan<br />
rodi Sedgeboda. masSi monawileobdnen ori <strong>dogmaturi</strong> partiis<br />
momxreebi: marTlmadideblebi da ariozelebi.<br />
marTlmadidebelTa Sesaxeb sozomene SeniSnavs: `erTni<br />
(krebis monawile mamaTagan) odiTgan gadmocemul sarwmunoebriv<br />
sakiTxebSi siaxleebis Semotanas eridebodnen; eseni swored<br />
is aRmsarebelni iyvnen, romelTac Cveulebebis ubraloeba<br />
STaagonebda cbierebis gareSe mieRoT RmrTis sarwmunoeba~.<br />
am Tvalsazrisze mdgomTaTvis goneba sruliad eqve mdebareboda<br />
sarwmunoebas. `wm. samebis saidumlo aRemateba yovelgvar<br />
gonsa da sityvas da sruliad miuwvdomelia. igi mxolod rwmeniT<br />
Seimecneba~, _ aseve msjelobdnen Ze RmerTis hipos tas zec,<br />
romlis arsis ganusazRvreloba wm. weriliT sabuTdeba: aravin<br />
icis Ze, garna mamaman; arca mamaÁ vin icis, garna Zeman (mT. 11,27).<br />
marTalia, Cven vmsjelobT marTlmadidebelTa damaxasiaTebel<br />
Tvisebebze, kerZod imaze, rom isini eridebodnen religiuri<br />
sakiTxebis mecnierul gamoZiebas, magram isic unda gvaxsovdes,<br />
rom amave partias ekuTvnodnen iseTi pirebic, romlebsac<br />
seriozuli ganaTleba hqondaT miRebuli da dialeqtikur<br />
mecnierebebSi ganswavlulobiT gamoirCeodnen. maT swamdaT,<br />
rom Ze RmerTi iseTive srulyofili RmerTia, rogorc mama da<br />
aswavlidnen: `qristem Tqva: `me da mamaÁ Cemi erT varT~ (in.<br />
10,30). am sityvebiT macxovari imas ki ar gamoxatavs, rom ori<br />
buneba erT hipostass warmoadgens, aramed imas, rom Ze RmrTisa<br />
zustad da srulyofilad imarxavs da icavs misi da mamis bunebis<br />
igiveobas; masTan sakuTriv bunebiT aRbeWdili msgavseba da<br />
misgan arafriT gansxvavebuli xati aqvs~.<br />
nikeis krebis mTavari warmomadgeneli marTlmadidebelTa<br />
mxridan aleqsandriis episkoposi aleqsandre iyo. didi avtoritetiT<br />
sargeblobda osios kordubielic. SeiZleba vifiqroT,<br />
rom am konservatiul partias episkoposTa meti nawili emxroboda.<br />
sawinaaRmdego TvisebebiT gamoirCeodnen krebis meore<br />
par tiis warmomadgenlebi _ ariozelebi. maTTvis ucxo iyo<br />
pirdapiri, guliTadi sarwmunoeba. maT surdaT sarwmunoebrivi<br />
saki Txebi sxva nebismier sakiTxTa msgavsad gonebrivi gansjis<br />
sa fu Zvelze daemyarebinaT da sarwmunoebis codnisaTvis daqvemdebarebisaken<br />
iswrafodnen; dialeqtikis Zalis sjerodaT da<br />
ewinaaRmdegebodnen imaT, romlebic dialeqtikas religiuri<br />
da majereblobis ubraloebas amjobinebdnen. wmida grigol<br />
RmrTismetyvelis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `datoves rwmena~, daiviwyes<br />
ra brZnuli kanoni, rom `Cveni gonebis Semavsebeli<br />
sa r wmunoebaa~.<br />
marTlmadidebelTa mowinaaRmdege partias, romelsac Sei-<br />
Zleba liberalur-racionalisturi ewodos, mravali mcodne<br />
RmrTismetyveli ekuTvnoda, magram maTi wridanve bunebrivad<br />
gamodiodnen aSkara eretikosebic, romelnic gonebasa da rwmenas<br />
Soris araviTar sazRvars ar debdnen.<br />
ariozelTa partiaSi ori dajgufeba arsebobda: erTi _ ufro<br />
mravalricxovani, romelic erTgulad icavda am eresisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebel principebs, da meore _ mkacri ariozelebi<br />
evsebi nikomedielis meTaurobiT, romlebic Ze RmrTisas qmnilebad<br />
acxadebdnen. yvela eseni, rogorc TviT ariozi, antioqieli<br />
xucesis lukianes mowafeebad iTvlebodnen.<br />
xsenebuli pirveli dajgufeba, romelic Semdeg naxevrad ar
8 I kreba<br />
nikea, 325 w.<br />
9<br />
iozelTa saxeliT gaxda cnobili da romelTac cnobili istorikosi<br />
evsebi kesarieli winamZRolobda, subordinaciis Teorias<br />
emxroboda, anu Ze RmrTisas RmerTad ki miiCnevda, magram mis<br />
RmrTeebriobas mama RmerTis RmrTeebriobis Tanasworad ar<br />
Tvlida. maTi TvalsazrisiT, igi mama RmerTTan damokidebulebaSi<br />
daqvemdebarebuli RmerTi iyo.<br />
pirveli <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis <strong>dogmaturi</strong> saqmianobis umniSvnelovanesi<br />
Sedegi sarwmunoebis simbolos 1 Sedgena iyo,<br />
romliTac mtkicdeboda Ze RmerTis WeSmariti _ RmrTeebrivi<br />
arsis sarwmunoeba. rogorc sokrate SeniSnavs: `sarwmunoebis<br />
simbolos gansazRvra advilad rodi moxda, aramed didi xnis<br />
gamoZiebisa da gamocdis Semdeg yvela im mizezis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
gamocxadda, romelic ki dogmatis dasabuTebas Seexeboda,<br />
ise rom, vinmes orWofobisa da orazrovnad gagebis sababi<br />
ar miscemoda. episkoposebi suliwmidis nebiT SeTanxmdnen~.<br />
marTlac, krebaze yvela mosazrebis mqone episkoposebis<br />
gamosvla moismines. TviT <strong>saeklesio</strong> kamaTis warmoSobaSi<br />
upir veles damnaSaves, ariozsac ki mieca ufleba daesabuTebina<br />
Tavisi Sexedulebebi. magram ariozelTa mtkicebebi: `Ze RmrTisa<br />
_ qmnilebaa~, `iyo dro, roca Ze ar iyo~, `Ze cvalebadia arsiT~,<br />
_ maSinve iqna ugulvebelyofili, radgan safuZvels ver poulobda<br />
wm. werilSi. marTlmadidebelTa mxridan ki moxmobil<br />
iqna adgili ioanes saxarebidan: Ze mamisaganaa (1;14,18), romlis<br />
uaryofa aravis SeeZlo. ariozelebic mzad iyvnen mieRoT es<br />
gamoTqma, radgan masSi mwvaleblur azrs debdnen, kerZod ambobdnen,<br />
rom ramdenadac yvela qmnileba RmrTisganaa, rasac<br />
mociqulic gvidasturebs: erT-ars RmerTi mamaÁ, romlisagan ars<br />
yoveli (1 kor. 8,6), an: yovelive RmrTisa mier (2 kor. 5,18), Zec<br />
misgan iqneba. maSin mamebma azris ufro naTlad gamosaxatavad<br />
daasaxeles ioane maxareblis epistole (1 in.5,20).<br />
imis dasasabuTeblad, rom Ze ganuSoreblad mamasTanaa da<br />
masSia yovelTvis, mamebma kidev mravali gansazRvreba moiSvelies,<br />
magram mowinaaRmdegeni wm. werils sakuTar sofistur<br />
komentars miusadagebdnen xolme. mdgomareoba rTuldeboda.<br />
____________________<br />
1 simbolo (berZ. `simbolon~ _ niSani) axaldamkvidrebuli terminia<br />
`mrwamsis~ aRsaniSnavad; Zveli gamoTqmiT `aRsareba sarwmunoebisa~<br />
ixmareba.<br />
am dros evsebi kesarielma warmoadgina Tavisi Sedgenili sarwmunoebis<br />
simbolo, romliTac moxerxebuli mecnieri ime dovnebda,<br />
rom masSi mamasa da Zes Soris bundovnad gansa z R v ruli<br />
damokidebuleba warmatebas povebda. magram marT lmad i debel<br />
episkoposTa SegonebiT imperatorma konstantine didma evsebis<br />
SesTavaza, Ze RmerTis mama RmerTTan damokidebulebis gansaz-<br />
RvrisaTvis, mxolod erTi sityva Seetana simboloSi: homousios<br />
(berZ. erTarsi). marTalia, es sityva wm. werilSi ar ixsenieba,<br />
magram igi wm. werilidan gamotanil azrs gamoxatavs da eklesiis<br />
gadmocemiTaa nakurTxi. kerZod, igi Zveli eklesiis iseT<br />
mnaTobTa TxzulebebSi gvxvdeba, rogorebic dionise aleqsandrieli<br />
da dionise romaeli iyvnen.<br />
krebam gadawyvita termini `homousios~ Seetana simboloSi.<br />
partiaTa mtroba miyuCda. ariozelma episkoposebma pirferobis<br />
gamo mxari imperators dauWires. kreba evsebis simboloSi<br />
mxolod erTi sityvis SetaniT ar dakmayofilebula. simbolo<br />
imdenad gadakeTda da naTlad ganimarta, rom pirvandeli<br />
saxidan TiTqmis aRaraferi darCa; ariozelebs orazrovani<br />
msjelobisaTvis sababi aRar dautoves.<br />
nikeis krebis simbolos, garda ori egvipteli episkoposisa,<br />
krebis yvela monawile daeTanxma da xelis moweriTac daadastura.<br />
magram rogorc Semdeg gairkva, bevri ariozeli xelmo<br />
mweri pirferi aRmoCnda da eklesiis erTobaSi seriozuli<br />
ga nxeTqilebebic Seitana. xelis mowera am orgul adamianebs<br />
ara fers avalebda, radgan mxolod miwieri miznebi amoZravebd<br />
aT _ rogorme saepiskoposo kaTedrebi ar daekargaT. maTi<br />
Se m dgomi saqmianoba nikeis mrwamsis sofisturi kritikiTa da<br />
mi si sawinaaRmdego simboloebis SeqmniT ganisaz R v reboda.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi `gonivruli~ msjelobebi mra val<br />
gamogonil simboloTa Soris arcerTs ar aZlevda saSualebas<br />
ariozelTaTvis sayovelTao gamxdariyo.<br />
nikeis krebis mrwamsi yvela eklesiam erTdroulad rodi<br />
aRiara. nikeis simbolos mimdevarTagan pirvel rigSi unda<br />
davasaxeloT aleqsandriis eklesia, romelic im droisaTvis<br />
avtoritetiT yvelaze maRla idga aRmosavleTis eklesiebs<br />
Soris da romelsac aleqsandre aleqsandrielis Semdeg misive<br />
aRzrdili, mgznebare damcveli nikeis aRmsareblobisa, aTanase
10 I kreba<br />
nikea, 325 w.<br />
11<br />
didi (+373) winamZRolobda, romlis Rvawlisa da damsaxurebis<br />
warmosaCenad wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelsac ki ar hyofnida<br />
sityvebi. igi SeniSnavs: `roca aTanase Cvens Soris cxovrobda,<br />
igi iyo sveti eklesiisa. misi swavleba eklesiisTvis kanoni<br />
gaxda. misi dogmatebi maTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisTvis<br />
kanonebad iqcnen~. wmida basili didic ar iSu r ebs saqebar sityvebs,<br />
roca wmida aTanase didze saubrobs. ba sili pirdapir<br />
acxadebda, rom mTel eklesiaze zrunvis yvela ufleba mxolod<br />
da mxolod aTanases unda ekuTvnodeso, radganac igi da mxolod<br />
igi iyo WeSmariti `mkurnali ekle siis sneulebebisa~. basilis<br />
TqmiT, aTanasem `gadaarCina eklesia iseTi saSineli avdrisagan~,<br />
rogoric ariozeloba iyo.<br />
aleqsandriis eklesias nikeis simbolos erTgulebaSi ierusalimis<br />
anu palestinis eklesiac gverdiT amoudga. ierusalimis<br />
episkoposi maqsime aTanases mxareze idga.<br />
nikeis simbolo romis eklesiamac aRiara. papi iuliusi (337-<br />
352 ww.), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aTanases marjvena xeli iyo. da<br />
kidev, qveynad, romelic nikeis simbolos zustad icavda, SeiZleba<br />
iliriki (makedonia, aqaia, dakia) davasaxeloT.rasac basili<br />
didi da <strong>saeklesio</strong> istorikosi sokratec amowmeben. aq nikeis<br />
dogmatebis dasacavad <strong>krebebi</strong>c ki imarTeboda.<br />
Cven CamovTvaleT is qveynebi, romelTac meoTxe saukuneSi<br />
ariozobis batonobis dros nikeis simbolos siwminde SeinarCunes.<br />
rac Seexeba danarCen aRmosavleTs, ZiriTadad upiratesoba<br />
ariozelTa mxareze iyo. siriaSi, pontosa da TrakiaSi mxolod<br />
calkeuli pirebi gvxvdeba, romlebic WeSmarit sarwmunoebas<br />
icavdnen. aseTebi iyvnen didebuli kapadokielebi: basili didi,<br />
grigol RmrTismetyveli da grigol noseli, romelTac mTeli<br />
TavianTi sicocxle ariozobasTan brZolas Sealies. erTi mxriv,<br />
am ganmanaTleblebis mier nikeis swavlebis aRiareba gamowveulia<br />
imiT, rom isini aleqsandriuli saRmrTismetyvelo skolis<br />
principebze iyvnen aRzrdilebi da didad afasebdnen aTanase<br />
dids. basili didis damokidebulebaze aTanase aleqsandrielis<br />
mimarT ukve vTqviT, xolo rac Seexeba aTanases, igi Tavis mxriv,<br />
basili dids `eklesiis siqa duls~ uwodebda da yvelas mouxmobda<br />
`uflis sadideblad, romelmac kapadokias iseTi episkoposi<br />
misca, romelic mTel qveyanas enatreba~. basili didis<br />
mdgomareoba, iseve rogorc pontoSi marTlmadideblobis sxva<br />
damcvelebisa, didad gansxvavdeboda aleqsandriasa da romSi<br />
moRvawe nikeis simbolos mimdevrebisagan. mravalricxovan ariozelTa<br />
Soris basili Tavs martod grZnobda da mtrebisagan<br />
aTasgvar ciliswamebasa da Seuracxyofas itanda.<br />
axla vnaxoT, sad moqmedebdnen nikeis mrwamsis winaaRmdeg<br />
ariozelebi. ariozoba SedarebiT siriaSi, Trakiasa da pontoSi<br />
batonobda; misi centri ki siriis antioqia iyo. ariozuli dogmatebi<br />
saTaves aqedan iRebdnen; aqedan daiwyo mtroba aTanase<br />
didisadmi; antioqiidan vrceldeboda ciliswamebebi eklesiis<br />
did maswavlebelze _ basilize.<br />
aqaur maswavleblebs TiTqos hqondaT survili keTilad<br />
ganmsjeli RmrTismetyvelebi yofiliyvnen, magram amave dros<br />
racionalistobdnen da icavdnen princips: rac adamianur azrovnebas<br />
aRemateba, mocilebuli da ugulebelyofili unda<br />
iqnes. antioqiis skola mZafrad upirispirdeboda aleqsandris<br />
skolas da ariozobis mimarT keTilganwyobili iyo, radgan maT<br />
saerTo principebi hqondaT. ariozobis momxred unda dasaxeldes<br />
konstantinepolic, saidanac mwvalebloba mezobel qveynebSi<br />
vrceldeboda. ariozelebi aq ise warmatebiT moqmedebdnen, rom<br />
grigol RmrTismetyvelis Camosvlis dros (daax. 379 w.) marTlmadideblebs<br />
erTi taZaric ki ar ekuTvnodaT. qalaqi herakleac,<br />
Zveli metropolia Trakiisa, konstantinepols exmareboda ariozobisTvis<br />
sasargeblo saqmianobaSi.<br />
nikeis simbolos mimdevrebisa da mowinaaRmdegeebis geog rafiuli<br />
TvalsazrisiT danawileba saSualebas iZleva da vaskvnaT,<br />
rom aRmosavleTis eklesiis samxreTi eparqiebi met wilad<br />
aleqsandriis gavlenis qveS imyofebodnen, xolo CrdiloeTis<br />
eparqiebi _ antioqiisa. aqedan gamomdinare, nikeis mi ma rTulebis<br />
saRmrTismetyvelo azrs SeiZleba aleqsandriuli vuwodoT,<br />
xolo antinikeurs _ antioqiuri.
12 II kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 381 w.<br />
13<br />
meore <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba<br />
(konstantinepoli, 381 w.)<br />
mrwams erTi RmerTi, mamaÁ yovlisa mpyrobeli, Semoqmedi<br />
caTa da queyanisaÁ, xilulTa yovelTa da araxilulTaÁ,<br />
da erTi ufali ieso qriste, Ze RmrTisaÁ mxolod-<br />
Sobili, mamisagan Sobili uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa,<br />
naTeli naTlisagan, RmerTi WeSmariti RmrTisagan WeSmaritisa,<br />
Sobili da ara qmnuli, erTarsi mamisaÁ, romlisa<br />
mier yovelive Seiqmna,<br />
romeli CuenTÂs, kacTaTÂs, da Cuenisa cxorebisaTÂs<br />
gardamoÃda zeciT da xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidisa<br />
da mariamisagan qalwulisa da gankacna,<br />
da juars ecua CuenTÂs pontoelisa pilates ze da<br />
iv no da daefla,<br />
da aRdga mesamesa dResa msgavsad werilisa,<br />
da amaRlda zecad da dajda marjueniT mamisa,<br />
da kualad movals didebiT gansjad cxovelTa da<br />
mkudarTa, romlisa sufevisaÁ ara ars dasasrul,<br />
da suli wmidaÁ, ufali da cxovelsmyofeli, romeli<br />
mamisagan gamovals, mamisa Tana da Zisa Tana Tayuanisicemebis<br />
da ididebis, romeli ityoda wi nawarme t yuelTa<br />
mier,<br />
da erTi wmidaÁ kaTolike da samociquloÁ eklesiaÁ.<br />
aRviareb erTsa naTlisRebasa mosatevebelad codvaTa,<br />
moveli aRdgomasa mkudreTiT<br />
da cxorebasa mermisa saukunoÁsa, amin 2 .<br />
es marTlmadidebelTa rwmenaa.<br />
qalkedonis krebis mamebi.<br />
konstantinepolSi Catarebuli meore <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis saqm<br />
i anobis Sesaswavlad gamoiyeneba mexuTe saukunis saekles io<br />
2wm. eqvTime mTawmidelis redaqcia//mcire sjuliskanoni, gamc. e. giunaSvili,<br />
Tb., 1972. gv. 18-19.<br />
istorikosebis cnobebi da grigol RmrTismetyvelis Txzulebebi,<br />
romelic am krebas piradad eswreboda.<br />
erTaderTi dokumenti, romelSic <strong>dogmaturi</strong> sakiTxebis<br />
gan xilvis Sedegia daculi, nikea-konstantinepolis simbolos<br />
saxeliTaa cnobili da nikeis simbolos safuZvelzea Sedgenili.<br />
gavakeToT misi analizi, amosaval wertilad nikeis simbolo<br />
miviCnioT da mas nikea-konstantinepolis mrwamsi SevadaroT.<br />
dasawyisSi, mama RmerTis Sesaxeb swavlebis gadmocemisas,<br />
konstantinepolis simboloSi damatebulia sityvebi: caTa da<br />
qveyanisa. krebis monawile mamebs am dogmatisaTvis araviTari<br />
arsebiTi ganmarteba ar miuciaT, radgan mama RmerTis Sesaxeb<br />
eklesiaSi ar kamaTobdnen.<br />
konstantinepolis simboloSi swavleba Ze RmerTis Sesaxeb<br />
ufro srulyofilia: a) nikeis simbolodan amoRebulia<br />
sit yvebi: RmerTi RmrTisagan, romelic zedmetia, radgan aqvea<br />
ga nmartebuli: RmerTi WeSmariti RmrTisagan WeSmaritisa. b)<br />
ag reTve amoRebulia caSi da qveyanaze. es sityvebic zedmetia,<br />
ramdenadac igi mosdevs gamoTqmas: romlisa mier (Zisa mier)<br />
yovelive Seiqmna, _ sadac yvelaferi ukve naTladaa ganmartebuli.<br />
g) ni keis simbolos sityvebi mamis arsebisagan Secvlilia<br />
amgvarad: mamisagan Sobili uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa.<br />
es bolo sityvebi gamoricxaven Ze RmerTis Sobis moments<br />
droSi. konstantinepolel mamebTan myofoba Zisa da misi Soba<br />
dausabamo (winasaukuno) aqts warmoadgens. maT mxolod nikeis<br />
simbolos arc Tu ise mkafio ena Seaswores.<br />
konstantinepolis simboloSi swavleba ieso qristes, ro gorc<br />
RmerTkacis Sesaxeb asea Sesworebuli da Sevsebuli (meore<br />
krebaze Camatebuli sityvebi xazgasmulia): `romeli Cve nTvis,<br />
kacTaTvis da Cuenisa cxovrebisaTvis gardamoxda zeciT da<br />
xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidisa da mariamisagan qalwulisa<br />
da gankacna, da jvars ecva CvenTvis pontoelisa pilates ze da<br />
ivno da daefla, da aRdga mesamesa dResa msgavsad werilisa, da<br />
amaRlda zecad da dajda marjveniT mamisa, da kvalad movals<br />
didebiT gansjad cxovelTa da mkvdarTa, romlisa sufevisa<br />
ara ars dasasrul~. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba isaa, rom konstantinepolis<br />
mamebis mizani iyo, simboloSi rac SeiZleba naTlad<br />
yofiliyo gamoxatuli RmerTkacis xorcieli buneba. simboloSi
14 II kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 381 w.<br />
15<br />
markelisa da apolinaris mwvalebluri swavlebis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
gaqarwylebulia eWvi da garkveviT aris naCvenebi qristes<br />
ara moCvenebiTi, aramed realuri adamianuri buneba.<br />
nikeis simboloSi wmida samebis mesame hipostasis Sesaxeb ubralod<br />
SeniSnuli iyo: (mrwams) suli wmida. konstantinepolis<br />
simboloSi ki vkiTxulobT: da suli wmida, ufali da cxovelsmyofeli,<br />
romeli mamisagan gamovals, mamisa Tana da Zisa Tana<br />
Tayvanis-icemebis da ididebis, romeli ityoda wina warmetyvelTa<br />
mier. mTeli es swavleba ukve gvxvdeba nikeis krebis momdevno<br />
epoqis mamebTan (basili didi, grigol RmrTisme tyveli, aTanase<br />
didi, grigol noseli), xolo Semdeg simboloSi SetaniTac iqna<br />
uwyebuli, radgan wm. samebis mesame hipostasis araswori warmodgena<br />
xSiri iyo; gansakuTrebiT markelTan, romelic suliwmidis<br />
hipostasur myofobas uaryofda.<br />
rac Seexeba aleqsandriuli da antioqiuri saRmrTismetyvelo<br />
skolebis damokidebulebas, am droisaTvis maTi dogmatika<br />
erTmaneTisgan arsebiTad arafriT gansxvavdeboda. eklesiis<br />
zemoT xsenebuli mnaTobebi antioqielebisTvis iseTive WeSmaritebis<br />
mqadageblebad iqcnen, rogorc aleqsandrielebisTvis.<br />
swored am mamebis swavleba daedo safuZvlad konstantinepolis<br />
simbolos gansazRvrebas. xolo TviT simbolosaTvis ufro<br />
srulyofili saxis micema antioqiuri mimarTulebis warmomadgenelTa<br />
gavlenis Sedegi unda iyos, radgan wmida aTanase<br />
aleqsandrielis azrs Tu gavixsenebT, igi nikeis simbolos yvela<br />
droisaTvis ucvlelad da sruliad sakma risad miiCnevda. gamonaklisi<br />
mxolod basili didia, romelic gamoTqvamda survils,<br />
nikeis simbolos darTvoda `suliwmidis didebismetyveleba<br />
(doqsologia)~ im mizeziT, rom nikeis mamebma samebis am wevris<br />
Sesaxeb mokled gamoTqves, radgan im droisaTvis es sakiTxi<br />
jer kidev ar iyo wamoWrili.<br />
krebaze makedoniosis mimdevrebic moiwvies (romelTa<br />
swavlebiTac `Ze RmrTisa msgavsia mamisa~, `suliwmida qmnilebaa~),<br />
radgan mamebi maTi meryeobis gamo imedovnebdnen, rom<br />
WeSmaritebaSi gaarkvevdnen da isev SemouerTebdnen eklesias.<br />
imedi ar gamarTlda, makedonioselebi yvelaferSi eTanxmebodnen<br />
mamebis moTxovnebs, garda imisa, rom ar iRebdnen sityvas:<br />
erTarsi. aqve aRvniSnavT, gavrcelebuli azri imis Sesaxeb,<br />
rom meore <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba makedonianosTa winaaRmdeg iyo<br />
mowveuli, yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli. Zveli eklesiis<br />
istorikosebi garkveviT adastureben, rom imperatori Teodosi<br />
pirvelis mier kreba mowveul iqna nikeis swavlebis dasamtkiceblad<br />
da saerTod eresebis winaaRmdeg; makedonioselTa<br />
sakiTxi ki meorexarisxovani iyo.<br />
marTalia, krebis mcdeloba makedonioselebis SemosaerTeblad<br />
unayofo gamodga, magram <strong>saeklesio</strong> istorikosebTan<br />
vxvdebiT sasixarulo cnobebsac _ meore <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
krebis keTilismyofeli gavlenis Sedegad xSirad ariozelebis<br />
mTeli Temebi marTlmadideblobaze gadadiodnen.<br />
krebas xelmZRvanelobda meleti antioqieli. krebis msvlelobis<br />
dReebSi misi moulodneli gardacvalebis Semdeg,<br />
krebis monawileTa Sexedulebebis dapirispirebam iCina Tavi.<br />
azrTa morigeba grigol RmrTismetyvelma, axlad dadgenilma<br />
konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposma iTava, magram misma mcdelobam<br />
nayofi ver gamoiRo da sakuTari gadawyvetilebiT krebac<br />
datova da kaTedrac. mis adgilze dedaqalaqis episkop o sad<br />
neqtariosi, tarseli senatori iqna xeldasxmuli.<br />
konstantinepolis krebis sarwmunoebis gansazRvreba sakmaod<br />
xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi xvdeboda opozicias romisa<br />
da aleqsandriis eklesiebis mxridan. aleqsandriis eklesiaSi<br />
mexuTe saukunis naxevramde ase grZeldeboda, sanam bolos da<br />
bolos aqac ar aRiares konstantinepolis simbolos avtoriteti,<br />
magram ara ubrZolvelad da ara erTsulovnad. aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom konstantinepolis simbolo ar aR iares da ar miiRes<br />
swored im eklesiebma, romlebic Tavidanve eWviTa da undoblobiT,<br />
Tavis droze safuZvlianad, xolo Semdeg yovelgvari<br />
safuZvlis gareSe, epyrobodnen antioqiis RmrTismetyvelur<br />
wreebs. ariozobis molandeba jer kidev aSinebda am eklesiebs,<br />
maSin roca, sinamdvileSi ariozobam aRmosavleTSi mxolod<br />
gadmocemis saxeRa SeinarCuna.
16 III kreba<br />
efeso, 431 w.<br />
17<br />
mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba<br />
(efeso, 431 w.)<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, ariozelebi wmida werilis moSveliebiT<br />
akeTebdnen daskvnebs, rom Ze RmrTisa mama RmerTze dabla<br />
idga, mas eqvemdebareboda da a. S. isini mociqulebisa da Tavad<br />
macxovris im zogierT gamonaTqvams eyrdnobodnen, romelnic<br />
ieso qristes TiTqosda dakninebulad warmogvidgendnen.<br />
marTlmadideblebi ki ganmartavdnen, rom msgavsi gamoTqmebi<br />
mxolod macxovris kacobriv bunebas miekuTvneba. amis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
dasmul kiTxvaze: moqmedebda Tu ara qristeSi<br />
ori arseba da ori ganyofili neba, _ ra Tqma unda, SeiZleboda<br />
pasuxis gacema, rom ieso qristeSi ori buneba ganuyofelia da<br />
erTobaSi imyofeba, magram amas mosdevda nestoris mimdevarTa<br />
sapirispiros damamtkicebeli msjelobani, romelTagan warmoqmnilma<br />
eresma eklesia isev or nawilad gayo: marTlmadideblobas<br />
emxroboda yvela is qveyana da eklesia, sadac meoTxe<br />
saukuneSi cxovrobdnen da moqmedebdnen nikeis krebis Tanamdgomebi;<br />
xolo nestorianobas mtkiced icavdnen isini, romlebic<br />
meoTxe saukuneSi ariozobis sasargeblod ibrZodnen. rogorc<br />
ariozobis dros, ise axlac aleqsandriis eklesiis gavleniT,<br />
romis eklesiam swori mimarTuleba airCia. aleqsandriis<br />
mTavarepiskoposma wm. kirilem Ta na dgoma sTxova romis paps<br />
da sasurvel Sedegsac miaRwia. pa pic da mTeli dasavleTis<br />
eklesiac kiriles miemxro.<br />
nestorianoba ariozobis uSualo memkvidre iyo; amaze is<br />
faqtic metyvelebs, rom ariozobis damcvelma eklesiebma xalisiT<br />
miiRes nestorisa da misi mimdevrebis mwvalebluri swavleba.<br />
rogorc viciT, ariozobis mZlavr centrs siriis antioqia<br />
warmoadgenda. igive ganmeorda nestorianobis drosac. nestorianuli<br />
moZraobis yvela winamZRoli antioqiidan gamovida.<br />
am faqtTan dakavSirebiT sxva magaliTebis moyvanac SeiZleba,<br />
saidanac vaskvniT, rom ariozobis mizeziT dawyebuli eklesiis<br />
ganxeTqileba am cru swavlebis damarcxebis Semdeg ki ar<br />
Cakvda, aramed SeiniRba. gavida mTeli saukune, magram igi mainc<br />
cocxlobda. roca dogmatur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT kamaTi<br />
gaimarTa, garemoebam gviCvena, rom Zveli Wrilobebi sruliadac<br />
ar moSuSebuliyo. eklesiebSi sxvadasxva simpaTiebi da anti-<br />
paTiebi batonobdnen, rac TviT yovlis Semmusvrelma dromac<br />
ver aRmofxvra.<br />
vnaxoT, rogor arkvevdnen mxareebi rwmenis damokidebulebis<br />
sakiTxs gonebasTan, da mecnierebisa dogmatTan, radgan<br />
yovelive es dogmatur sakiTxebTan Cvens damokidebulebasac<br />
gansazRvravs. marTlmadideblebi aTanase didis, basili didi sa<br />
da grigol RmrTismetyvelis principebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen;<br />
saxeldobr, goneba rwmenas unda eqvemdebarebodes, sarwmunoebrivi<br />
sakiTxebis gamorkvevisas gonebas zRvari unda da e dos,<br />
radganac rwmena gonebaze maRla dgas. nestoris mimde vrebi<br />
ki, es mexuTe saukunis ariozelebi, piriqiT moiTxovdnen, rom<br />
gonebas ufro Tavisufali damokidebuleba hqonoda rwmenasTan,<br />
dogmatis SinaarsTan. isini cdilobdnen, rogorme SeeRwiaT<br />
rwmenis saidumloebaSi, romelic adamianuri azriT ganWvretisaTvis<br />
dafarulia. eklesiaSi xelaxla warmoSobili SfoTis<br />
mizezma, konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposma nestorma, krebaze<br />
sarwmunoebis simbolos axleburi gadmocema moiTxova. igi<br />
adrindel <strong>saeklesio</strong> mwerlebs kritikulad da undoblobiT<br />
ekideboda da upiratesobas mxolod Tavis Tavs aniWebda, xolo<br />
misi megobari ioane antioqieli efesos krebis amocanad dogmatebis<br />
gamokvlevas miiCnevda.<br />
nestoris RmrTismetyveluri Sexedulebani SeiZleba ase<br />
Camoyalibdes: qristem damdableba ganicada, iSva, izrdeboda,<br />
TandaTan sibrZniT waremateboda, ivno da mokvda, magram is<br />
RmerTkaci iyo. rogor daiTmina man es yvelaferi _ RmrTeebriobiT<br />
Tu adamianurobiT _ ra Tqma unda, kacobrivi bunebiT.<br />
maSasadame, askvnis nestori, qristes ori buneba ganyofili<br />
iyo. Semdeg: qristes Soba qalwulisagan adamianuri iyo da<br />
ara RmrTeebrivi. Ze RmrTisas, romelic dausabamod Sobilia<br />
mamisagan, ar SeeZlo isev dabadebuliyo droSi, iSva mxolod<br />
adamiani, romelic Ze RmerTs daukavSirda, magram es kavSiri<br />
iesos Casaxvisas daiwyo. ase rom, mucelqmnuleba ganvrcobili<br />
adamian-qristeze, Ze RmrTisaze ar ganivrcoboda, radganac<br />
RmrTeebrivi da kacobrivi buneba ar aris SeerTebuli (anu<br />
ganyofilia). aqedan gamomdinare, nestori uaryofda wodebas:<br />
RmrTismSobeli, ramdenadac misgan iSva ara TviT RmerTi,<br />
aramed samoseli (indumentum), romelsac unda Seemosa Ze RmerTi,
18 III kreba<br />
efeso, 431 w.<br />
19<br />
_ anu igive taZari (templum), romelSic Ze RmrTisa unda damkvidrebuliyo.<br />
nestori yovladwmida RmrTismSobels qristesmSobels<br />
uwodebda, radganac man Sva adamiani _ qriste. RmerTkacis<br />
amqveyniuri cxovrebis sxva faqtebsac igi amave TvalsazrisiT<br />
ganixilavda.<br />
vnaxoT, raSi vlindeba am mwvaleblobis mTavari arsi: Tuki<br />
qriste damdablda da kacobrivi bunebiT evno, RmrTeebriobis<br />
yovelgvari monawileobis gareSe, maSin codvis gamosyidvis<br />
rwmena Seiryeva. damdablda da evno mxolod adamiani, Tundac<br />
umaRlesi Rirsebisa, magram mainc adamiani, romelic RmrTeebriv<br />
simarTles ver daakmayofilebda. Tu es asea, maSin Ze RmerTis<br />
TviT gardamosvlac am qveynad zedmeti aRmoCndeba.<br />
nestori iqamdec mivida, rom ganacxada: qriste Tavisi TavisTvisac<br />
ewama, radgan rogorc yvela adamians, gamoxsna masac<br />
sWirdeboda, ramdenadac kacobrivi bunebac hqonda da masSi adamiani<br />
RmerTTan iyo SeerTebulio. aqedan cxadia, rom ne stori<br />
qristes ucodvelobas ar aRiarebda. es iyo azri, romelsac<br />
SeeZlo WeSmariti morwmunis gulSi saSineleba Caenerga.<br />
nestoris msjelobidan gamodioda, rom roca maxareblebi<br />
da mociqulebi ieso qristes Sesaxeb laparakobdnen, ara erT,<br />
aramed or pirs aRwerdnen. marTalia, igi amas pirdapir ar<br />
ambobda, magram misi msjeloba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT bundovanebiTaa<br />
moculi.<br />
nestoris egzegetikur Sexedulebebs antioqiuri mecnierebis<br />
warmomadgeneli Teodoritec iziarebda, magram igi ukiduresobas<br />
gaurboda; Rebulobda da xmarobda gamoTqmas: RmrTismSobeli.<br />
is uSvebda azrs qristes kacobrivi bunebis ganRmrTobis<br />
Sesaxeb da imasac, rom RmerTi adamianSi ganxorcielda. nestorianul<br />
doqtrinebs kidev ufro Serbilebuli xasiaTi hqondaT<br />
antioqiis episkoposis ioanesa da masTan daaxloebuli episkoposebis<br />
swavlebaSi. zogi sirieli mRvd e lmTavari winaaRmdegobaSi<br />
vardeboda, radganac kiriles swavlebas sworad<br />
ver igebda. miuxedavad amisa, zogjer maTTanac vxvdebiT swor<br />
swavlebas qristeSi ori bunebis SeerTebis Sesaxeb: `SeerTebis<br />
Semdeg Zeoba erTia rogorc erTi, ise meore bunebisaTvis<br />
(qristeSi), radgan isini erTmaneTisgan ganuyofelni arian.<br />
SeerTebis Semdeg ganyofa aRar momxdara, radganac SeerTeba<br />
maradiulia. xorciT vnebis drosac ki RmrTeeba calke ar yofila.<br />
igi uvnebeli darCa da wameba RmrTisSesaferi sxeuliT<br />
aRasrula. amitom vaRiarebT erTsa da imave Zes, Tumca misi ori<br />
buneba Seurwymeli rCeba; vs a ubrobT ara erTi da meore Zis<br />
Sesaxeb, aramed erTsa da imaveze~. es episkoposebi ambobdnen,<br />
rom `qristem Tavisi sxeuli mama RmerTis winaSe msxverplad<br />
ara Tavisi TavisTvis, aramed mxolod da mxolod CvenTvis<br />
miitana~. igive antioqieli episkoposebi iyenebdnen formulas,<br />
romelic mogvian ebiT marTlmadidebluri swavlebis WeSmarit<br />
gamoxatulebad iqna miCneuli, saxeldobr imas, rom qristeSi<br />
ori buneba `Seurwymelad da ganuyoflad~ aris SeerTebuli.<br />
axla ki nestorianebTan kamaTis dros marTlmadidebelTa<br />
mTavari winamZRolis, wm. kiriles Sexedulebebsac gavecnoT:<br />
Ze RmrTisa upiratesad imisTvis gankacda, rom uSualo monawileoba<br />
mieRo adamianis moqmedebaSi, romelsac ise Se uerTda,<br />
rom ukve ori arseba ki ar iyo, aramed erTi, am sity vis sruli<br />
mniSvnelobiT; marTalia, gankacebul sityvas ori arseba anu<br />
ori buneba gaaCnia, magram aseTi saxis gansazRvrebani wmida mamis<br />
TxzulebebSi gvxvdeba, radgan mis mier Sinaarsobrivad uciloblad<br />
gadmocemuli WeSmaritebani Semd gomSi ganmtkicebul<br />
terminologiur definiciebs yovelTvis ar iTvaliswinebs. wm.<br />
kirilesTan terminebis _ bunebisa (fuvsi~) da piris (upovstasi~)<br />
_ zusti mniSvnelobani myarad dadgenili ar iyo da, Cveulebriv,<br />
erTi da imave azris gamosaxatavad ixmareboda. magaliTad:<br />
`erTsa vityÂT Zesa, da viTarca mamaTa Tqves, erTsa bunebasa<br />
sityÂsasa ganÃorcielebulsa~ 3 ; roca wm. kirile gankacebul<br />
sityvas erT bunebad moixseniebs, erT pirs gulisxmobs; imis<br />
naTelsayofad, Tu rogor aris ieso qristeSi kacobrivi da<br />
RmrTeebrivi bunebani SeerTebuli, kiriles Sedareba mohyavs:<br />
adamianSi sxeuli da suli sxvadasxva saxisaa, magram isini erT<br />
adamians Seadgenen, _ igive damokidebulebaa RmerTkacis bunebaTa<br />
Sorisac: `erTi gÂCuena Cuen bunebaÁ ZisaÁ, garna viTarca<br />
vTqu ganÃorcielebuli, rameTu ara mxolod bunebiT martivTaganisa<br />
zeda oden WeSmaritebiT iTqumis erTi, aramed urTierTas<br />
TandadebiT SemokrebulTaca zeda, viTar-igi ars kaci sulisagan<br />
3antinestorianuli traqtatebi arseni vaCes Zis `dogmatikonSi~, gamc. a.<br />
CantlaZe, Tb., 1997. gv. 82.
20 III kreba<br />
IV krebis wina movlenebi<br />
21<br />
da ÃorcTa, rameTu sxuasaxe eseni da ara urTierTas Tanaars<br />
arian, xolo SeerTebiTa urTierTas, erTi bunebaÁ kacisaÁ Seasrules~<br />
(iqve, gv. 89); ieso qristes amqveyniuri cxov rebis yvela<br />
faqti, romelsac ki RmerTkaci aRasrulebda, ara mxolod mis<br />
RmrTeebriobas unda mieweros da arc mxolod adamianurobas,<br />
aramed orive bunebas maTi harmoniuli Ser TviT, radgan ieso<br />
qriste Sobilia uwinares saukuneTa, misi Soba wm. qalwulisagan<br />
ise ki ar unda gavigoT, rom Ze RmrTisa meored iSva, aramed rom<br />
igi adamianur bunebas SeuerTda. yo v lad wmidam Sva RmerTi, romelic<br />
xorcTan SeerTebis Semdegac erT hipostass warmoadgens;<br />
Ze RmrTisa Tumca sakuTari bunebiT uvnebelia, magram CvenTvis<br />
xorciT evno da uvneblad SeiTvisa tanjva sakuTari sxeulisa.<br />
wm. kiriles msjeloba Rrma rwmenazea dafuZnebuli, radganac<br />
sarwmunoeba gonebrivi codnis sakuTrebad verasodes iq ceva.<br />
kiriles msjeloba qristianis religiur grZnobas akmayofilebs<br />
da amaSia misi maRali Rirseba da ganuzomeli up iratesoba<br />
nestoris racionalur azrebTan SedarebiT. dogmati RmrTis<br />
pirTa samobis Sesaxeb miuwvdomeli darCa aTanase didis,<br />
basili didisa da grigol RmrTismetyvelis mravalmxrivi<br />
ganmartebebis Semdegac; igive SeiZleba iTqvas Ze RmerTis<br />
ganxorcielebis dogmatis Sesaxebac: kiriles mier safuZvliani<br />
axsnis Semdegac igi isev dafarulad rCeba. rwmena TavisTavad<br />
gamoricxavs gansjis gziT wvdomas.<br />
ori eklesiuri partiis dogmatur sakiTxebSi SeuTanxmeblobam<br />
<strong>saeklesio</strong> da samoqalaqo xelisufalni waaqeza efesoSi<br />
moewviaT axali <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba, sadac rogorc kiriles,<br />
ise nestoris momxre episkoposebi moiwvies, magram Sekrebilma<br />
episkoposebma erTi saerTo kreba ver Seadgines da sakuTari<br />
saRmrTismetyvelo Sexedulebebis mixedviT or nawilad gaiy<br />
vnen. kiriles momxre mravalricxovanma episkopatma calke<br />
kreba moawyo, _ swored es aris efesos <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba. maT<br />
sawinaaRmdegod ki, nestorma da misma Tanamoazreebma ioane<br />
antioqielis TavmjdomareobiT gandgomilTa kreba gamarTes.<br />
kiriles mxares dajgufdnen aleqsandriis, egviptis, romis,<br />
ierusalimis, palestinis, ilirikisa da efesos episkoposebi,<br />
sawinaaRmdego mxares ki _ antioqiis olqis, mcire aziisa da<br />
Trakiis episkoposebi.<br />
efesoSi mamebs raime <strong>dogmaturi</strong> gansazRvreba ar miuRiaT.<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebam gandgomilTa krebis yvela monawiles<br />
xarisxi CamoarTva.<br />
meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win<br />
qalkedonis meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis dogmatur-istoriuli<br />
sakiTxebis ukeT gansaxilvelad saWiroeba moiTxovs, pirvel<br />
rigSi aRvweroT masTan principulad dakavSirebuli movlenebi,<br />
kerZod marTlmadidebelTa unia, konstantinepolis adgilobrivi<br />
da avazakTa <strong>krebebi</strong>.<br />
efesos krebis orad gayofam eklesias simSvide ver moutana.<br />
samagierod, aleqsandriisa da antioqiis RmrTismetyvelebi<br />
mexuTe saukunis ocdaaTian wlebSi miRweulma uniam daazava.<br />
igi, rogorc efesos krebis damasrulebeli aqti, ise SeiZleba<br />
warmovidginoT. unia, rogorc sityva gviCvenebs, aleqsandriuli<br />
da antioqiuri doqtrinebis SeerTebas niSnavs: antioqiurisa im<br />
TvalsazrisiT, rom misi warmomadgenlebis, ioane antioqielisa<br />
da netari Teodorites Txzulebebidan nestorianuli Sexedulebebi<br />
mTlianad amoiRes. uniis dokumentebis aRiareba yvelasTvis<br />
aucilebeli iyo, visac ki marTlmadidebeli morwmunis saxelis<br />
tareba surda. unia erTbaSad ar aRsrulebula, magram ukve 433<br />
wlidan igi SeiZleba eklesiis sakuTrebad miviCnioT, risi iniciatoric<br />
imperatori Teodosi umcrosi iyo. uniis safuZveli<br />
Seiqna im sarwmunoebis aRiareba, romelic ioane antioqielma<br />
kirile aleqsandriels warudgina. masSi, marTalia, antioqiuri<br />
RmrTisme tyvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamoTqmebi gvxvdeba,<br />
magram amave dros aleqsandriuli mecnierebis terminologiaca<br />
da Sexedulebebicaa gaTvaliswinebuli; agreTve erTvis<br />
gancxadeba, romelSic ioanesa da sxva sirieli episkoposebis<br />
mier nestori da misi swavleba SeCvenebulia.<br />
ioanesa da misi Tanamoazre episkoposebis mier sarwmunoebis<br />
aRiareba kirilem didi sixaruliT miiRo da sruliad marTlmadideblurad<br />
miiCnia. amis Semdeg, yofil mowinaaRmdegeebTan<br />
ufro mWidro urTierTobis dasamyareblad, TviT kirilec<br />
aRar gaurboda im formulebs, romlebic mxolod antioqiur
22 IV krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
23<br />
saRmrTismetyvelo enas Seefereboda. yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis<br />
igi mxolod im formulebs aridebda Tavs, romliTac antioqielebi<br />
cdundebodnen.<br />
eklesiis SfoTi nel-nela Cawynarda. unias antioqiis garda<br />
finikiis, kilikiis, arabeTis, mesopotamiisa da sxva eklesiebic<br />
SeuerTdnen. magram uniis praqtikulad ganxorcielebas, rasakvirvelia,<br />
eklesiaSi winaaRmdegobis gareSe ar Cauvlia. uniis<br />
aSkara mtrebi antioqiuri RmrTismetyvelebis mimarT u lebis<br />
is episkoposebi iyvnen, romlebic kirilesTan daaxloebas da<br />
misi swavlebis gaziarebas mtrebis winaSe daTmob ad miiCnevdnen.<br />
iyvnen sxva saxis mowinaaRmdegeebic, kerZod, nestorianebi,<br />
romlebic unias pirferulad Seekedlnen da ac xadebdnen, rom<br />
TiTqos kirile maT mxareze gadavida. da mainc yvela am mterze<br />
saSiSni isini iyvnen, romlebic viTomda kiriles pativismcemel-<br />
Ta ricxvs ekuTvnodnen, sinamdvileSi ki Ta vianT ganmanaTlebels<br />
eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen im mizeziT, rom kirilem urTier-<br />
Toba daamyara ioanesTan da am sa q cielSi marTlmadidebluri<br />
rwmenis Ralats xedavdnen. eseni mo nofizitebis winamorbedebi<br />
arian, romelnic kiriles wi naaRmdeg imisaTvis drtvinavdnen,<br />
rom igi qristes ori bunebis Sesaxeb aswavlida. es swavleba<br />
antioqiur sacdurad da er esad miaCndaT.<br />
kiriles mravali mcdelobis miuxedavad am Seupovar eretikosebs<br />
araferi eSvelaT. tyuilad ar iTvleba aqsiomad:<br />
yvelaze saSiSni da daundobelni gadamterebuli megobrebi<br />
arian. es rwmenis mimbaZvelebi TavianTma ugunurebam Tu sad<br />
miiyvana, amas SemdegSi gavecnobiT. im gaugebrobisa da uTanxmoebis<br />
gamo, romelic jer kidev sufevda, kirile ise gardaicvala,<br />
rom eklesiis momavali cxovrebis simSvideSi darwmunebuli<br />
ar yofila.<br />
uniisadmi pirdapiri da mtkice mxardaWeris mizniT 448 wels<br />
konstantinepolSi adgilobrivi <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba Catarda. uniis<br />
mtrebi konstantinepolis krebis mtrebadac iqcnen. am krebis<br />
ganCineba mimarTulia im ukiduresi aleqsandrielebisadmi, romlebmac<br />
unia ar miiRes da ar aRiares. uniis damcvelebis es kreba<br />
uniis aleqsandriel mtrebTan pirveli pirdapiri Sexvedra<br />
iyo. rac ufro meti damcveli uCndeboda unias, aleqsandriuli<br />
doqtrinebis ugulisxmo mimdevrebi miT ufro borotdebod-<br />
nen. kiriles gardacvalebis Semdeg (444 w.) isinic daufaravad<br />
amoqmeddnen, vinc aqamde misi avtoritetis zegavleniT TavSekavebulad<br />
iqceoda. uniis aleqsandrieli mtrebi arsebiTad<br />
igive monofizitebi arian. konstantinepolis krebas cnobili<br />
konstantinepoleli arqimandritis, evtiqis saxiT swored isini<br />
daupirispirdnen. igi dedaqalaqis erT-erTi monastris beri<br />
iyo. evtiqi mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis dros kiriles sasargeblod<br />
da nestoris winaaRmdeg energiulad moqmedebda. Tavisi<br />
RmrTismetyveluri SexedulebebiT igi tipuri warmomadgeneli<br />
iyo aleqsandriuli mimarTulebisa, magram Seryeuli marT lmadideblobiT.<br />
igi kiriles mier uniis drosa da uniis Semdeg<br />
daweril Txzulebebs ar aRiarebda. evtiqi, iseve rogorc saer-<br />
Tod ukiduresi ale qsandrielebi, pativis Rirsad kiriles saqmianobis<br />
mxolod na wils miiCnevda da mis swavlebas cal mxrivad<br />
warmoadgenda. evtiqi pirdapir acxadebda, rom TiTqos kiriles<br />
TxzulebebSi ori bunebis Sesaxeb swavleba ar arsebobda, riTac<br />
TavisTavad uniaturi dokumentebis ignorirebas axdenda.<br />
evtiqis monofizituri swavleba ase formulirdeba: `RmrTis<br />
sityvis ganxorcielebis Semdeg me Tayvans vcem erT bu nebas,<br />
ganxorcielebuli da gankacebuli RmerTis bunebas~, an: `vaRiareb,<br />
rom ufali Cveni SeerTebamde ori bunebisagan Sedgeba,<br />
SeerTebis Semdeg ki erT bunebas vaRiareb~. es frazebi mTlad<br />
eretikosis mier araa Seqmnili. isini wm. kirilesTan gvxvdeba<br />
da saTaves wm. aTanasesgan iRebs. magram saqme imaSia, rom isini<br />
kiriles sxva SexedulebebTan daukavSirebladaa wa rmodgenili<br />
da amitom eretikul xasiaTs iZens.<br />
krebis Tavmjdomares, konstantinepolis patriarq flabianes<br />
da evtiqis mamxilebels, evsevi dorvilels sxva RmrTismetyveluri<br />
Sexedulebebi hqondaT. flabianes sityviT: `qri ste<br />
Si SeerTebuli ori bunebis erToba mdgomareobs ara im a Si,<br />
TiTqos es bunebani TavianTi TvisebebiT erTianobaSi Seirwynen,<br />
aramed imaSi, rom bunebaTa TviTebebi urTier TziarebiT<br />
srulyofiladaa SenarCunebuli~. `Cven yovelTvis vambobdiT<br />
da axlac vimeorebT, rom ieso qriste aris sruli RmerTi da<br />
sruli kaci, erTarsi mamisa RmrTeebri obiT da erTarsi dedisa<br />
adamianurobiT da erTi hipostasi, ori bunebis mqone~.<br />
krebam eretikosi evtiqi amxila da gansaja.
24 IV krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
25<br />
arcerTma im eklesiam, sadac aleqsandriuli ideebis gavlena<br />
igrZnoboda, konstantinepolis krebis avtoritetuloba ar<br />
aRiara. aseTebi iyvnen aleqsandriis anu egviptis, romisa da<br />
ierusalimis eklesiebi. samagierod krebas yvela im eklesiam<br />
dauWira mxari, romelic unias TanaugrZnobda.<br />
qristianuli eris 449 wels eklesias mZime dro daudga. uniis<br />
mtrebi, ukiduresi aleqsandrielebi, gamZvinvarebuli mowinaaRmdegeebi<br />
yovelive imisa, rac ki antioqiuri saRmrTismetyvelo<br />
mimarTulebis beWeds atarebda, zeimobdnen. magram, madloba<br />
RmerTs, arc Tu didxans! saqme exeba avazakTa krebasa da maT<br />
saqmianobas, ufro sworad _ maT borotmoqmedebas. unia, udidesi<br />
movlena eklesiis cxovrebaSi, maT samarcxvinod miiCnies, xolo<br />
uniis megobrebi eklesiisa da marTlmadideblobis mtrebad<br />
gamoacxades; uniis mowinaaRmdegeebi TavianT Tavs WeSmariti<br />
sarwmunoebis damcvelebad xmamaRla acxadebdnen. rogorc<br />
ariozobam konstantis dros, aseve mo nofizitobamac Tavisi<br />
droSa maRla aswia. rogorc cnobilia, monofizitebis dauRalavi<br />
winamZRvari aleqsandriis patriarqi dioskore iyo. mas<br />
gansakuTrebiT sZulda kirile, Tumca am did mamas garegnulad<br />
pativs scemda. rogorc Cans, igi iZ ulebuli iyo Tavi Seekavebina<br />
im saerTo mokrZalebis ga mo, romelsac wmida kiriles mimarT<br />
yvela amJRavnebda. WeSmaritebis mtrobiT gamsWvaluli dioskore<br />
cdilobda eklesiisaTvis is mdgomareoba daebrunebina,<br />
romelSic igi mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis win aRmoCnda. uniisadmi<br />
mtrulad ganwyobil dioskores surda, eklesias daeviwyebina<br />
kiriles cxovrebis bolo wlebis Rvawli. imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan<br />
modioda misi aseTi siZulvili, istorikosebi verafers amboben.<br />
mxolod dioskores mimarT qalkedonis krebaze gamoTqmul<br />
saCivarSi vkiTxulobT, rom mas `kiriles marTali sarwmunoebis<br />
siZulvili hqonda~, sxvagan: `kirile sZulda misi marTali<br />
sarwmunoebis gamo~.<br />
aseve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dioskores siZulvilis ZiriTadi<br />
mizezi uniisadmi misi mtruli damokidebulebis Sedegi iyo.<br />
dioskores <strong>dogmaturi</strong> Sexedulebebi sruliad monofizituria:<br />
rogorc es avazakTa krebam gamoavlina, isini evtiqis<br />
Sexedulebebisgan ar gansxvavdeboda. dioskore jer kidev<br />
konstantinepolis krebamde yvela qveynis monofizitebTan iyo<br />
kavSirSi. evtiqic da sxva qveynis monofizitebic misi xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
moqmedebdnen.<br />
dioskores winamZRolobiT efesoSi gamarTuli avazakTa<br />
kreba (449 w.), ase vTqvaT, mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis parodiaa.<br />
principulad igi am ukanasknel krebas imeorebda, magram misi<br />
Sedegi ara sikeTe, aramed boroteba iyo. cnobilia, rom keTili<br />
angelozis saxis miReba eSmaksac SeuZlia; avazakebic aseve ambobdnen:<br />
`es aris mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba, romelic saukuneTa<br />
dasasruls Seikribao~.<br />
avazakTa krebaze nikeis simbolos garda sxva simbolos<br />
gagonebac ki ar undodaT, riTac konstantinepolis <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis simbolos dafarulsa da dausabuTebel protests<br />
ucxadebdnen. dioskore krebaze aseT azrs aviTarebda: sruliad<br />
sakmarisia sarwmunoebisaTvis ukve gakeTebuli ganmartebebi,<br />
sarwmunoebis axlad gadmocemis ufleba eklesias ara aqvs;<br />
religiis sferoSi araviTari gamokvleva saWiro ar aris da<br />
yvelaferi es rwmenas saSiSroebiT emuqrebao. rogorc Cans,<br />
kre ba iseTi konservatizmis poziciaze idga, romlisganac si keTe<br />
mosalodneli ar iyo. krebaze warmoTqmul sityvebSi ga ismis<br />
ulmobeli msjavri adamianis bunebrivi miswrafebebisadmi _<br />
Seiswavlos sarwmunoeba, ganmartos wm. werili, axsnas dogmati.<br />
kreba saRmrTismetyvelo mecnierebis mteri iyo. avazakTa krebis<br />
aseTi Sexeduleba wm. aTanases mimarT Seugnebeli pativiscemis<br />
nayofad unda miviCnioT. Cven viciT, rom aTanase Tavis droze<br />
da cnobil pirobebSi nikeis simbolos xelSeuxeblobisTvis<br />
ibrZoda. es iyo aTanases udidesi damsaxureba qristianuli<br />
samyaros winaSe. magram misma ugunurma Tayvanismcemlebma,<br />
romelTac rwmenis, sulisa da eklesiis saWiroebani ar esmodaT,<br />
misi WeSmariti da maRali miswrafebebi absurdamde daiyvanes.<br />
maT aviwydebodaT, rom mas Semdeg, rac aTanasem Ta vi si ideebi<br />
gamoTqva, ukve asi weli iyo gasuli da, rom ek le si aSi axali<br />
moTxovnilebebi, axali saWiroebani gamovlindnen, ro mlebic<br />
samarTlian gadaWras moiTxovdnen. monofizitebi ara aw myoTi,<br />
aramed warsuliT cxovrobdnen, avazakTa krebis viwro, Camor-<br />
Cenil Sexedulebebs rom gaemarjvaT, ra mouvidoda eklesias,<br />
mecnierebas, adamianTa go nebas? _ eklesiis sferoSi wyvdiadi<br />
da sicariele daisadgurebda. aTanase aswavlida, rom nikeis
26 IV kreba<br />
qalkedoni, 451 w.<br />
27<br />
mrwamsi mtkiced daecvaT, monofizitebi ki aqedan as kvnidnen, rom<br />
RmrTismetyvelebis ganviTareba mxolod nikeis simboloTi<br />
unda Semofargluliyo da rom sarwmu noebis We Smaritebis<br />
gaxsna WeSmariti rwmenis uaryofas niSnavda da sxv.<br />
aRsaniSnavia agreTve, rom avazakTa kreba evtiqis msgavsad<br />
saerTod ar ganmartavs, Tu romel safuZvelsa da mtkicebas<br />
eyrdnoba monofizituri doqtrina. konstantinepolis adgilobriv<br />
krebaze evtiqis mier warmoTqmul sityvas: `vaRiareb, rom<br />
ufali Cveni SeerTebamde ori bunebisagan Sedgeba, SeerTebis<br />
Semdeg ki erT bunebas vaRiareb~, dioskorec adasturebda:<br />
`da Cvenc yvela amas veTanxmebiTo~. amave avazakTa krebaze<br />
dioskorem sakiTxi ase dasva: `gana SegviZlia davuSvaT gamoTqma,<br />
romelSic ganxorcielebis Semdeg or bunebaze iqneba<br />
laparaki?~ _ amaze krebam ganacxada: `anaTema mas, vinc aseT<br />
gamoTqmas gamoiyenebs; Tu vinme ityvis: ori, _ anaTema~. krebis<br />
monofizitoba naTeli faqtia.<br />
upirveles yovlisa, krebam SeaCvena da xarisxi CamoarTva<br />
keTilSobil moRvawes, suliskveTebiT meore oqropirs, konstantinepolis<br />
patriarq flabianes da masTan erTad evsevisac.<br />
avazakTa krebis msxverplni Seiqnen agreTve antioqiis patriarqi<br />
domne, netari Teodorite kvireli, edesis episkoposi iba,<br />
tvirosis episkoposi irineosi da saerTod yvela is piri, romelic<br />
unias da antioqiur saRmrTismetyvelo mimarTulebas an<br />
uSualod ukavSirdeboda, an TanaugrZnobda. avazakTa kreba arc<br />
SeCvenebul pirTa naTesavebis dasjas erideboda. kreba gana-<br />
Cenebs xalisiT ismenda da antioqielTa gankveTis gancxadebebs<br />
mxiaruli SeZaxilebiT xvdeboda. dioskores misamarTiT gaiZaxodnen:<br />
Seni piriT RmerTi laparakobs! Seni piriT suliwmida<br />
RaRadebs! maTi fesvebic amoZirkve, marTlmorwmunev! _ dioskore<br />
ki iferebda da RvarZls rogorc xorbals, ise iRebda. gadayenebulisa<br />
da gankveTilis mimarT ki kreba saSinel siZulvilsa<br />
da mZvinvarebas amJRavnebda: davwvaT Sua qalaqSi! ase satanac<br />
ki ar ityoda! es satanis sityvebia! antioqiis SuagulSi davwvaT<br />
samagaliTod, eSmaki ufro RmrTismoSiSia!<br />
avazakTa krebam Tavisi saqme gaakeTa. eklesiis xnulebs qarborbalasaviT<br />
gadauara. WeSmariti marTlmadidebeli unielebi<br />
daamcires da Searcxvines. eklesiaSi SfoTma da gansacdelma<br />
daimkvidra. TiTqos rwmena da eklesia ufskrulis piras dadga,<br />
magram gamtanjveli da saSineli ori weliwadi gavida da<br />
gangebulebiT dadgenili eklesiis gansacdelis vadac amoiwura.<br />
Tavisuflad amosunTqvis saSualeba yvelas mieca, ise, rom<br />
SeeZloT daviTTan erTad eTqvaT: ixarebdin cani da galobdin<br />
queyanaÁ! risi gamoxatulebac qalkedonis <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
kreba gaxda.<br />
meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba<br />
(qalkedoni, 451 w.)<br />
qalkedonis krebis msvlelobis ganmavlobaSi ara erTi gaugebroba<br />
gamovlinda, magram, miuxedavad amisa, sabolood igi<br />
mainc SeTanxmebiT damTavrda, razec amave krebaze Sedgenili<br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong> gansazRvrebis erTsulovani miRebac metyvelebs.<br />
kreba aSkarad gamoxatuli ori sxvadasxva mxaris dapirispirebiT<br />
daiwyo. taZarSi, sadac kreba gaimarTa, marcxena mxare<br />
romis legatebma, konstantinepolis, antioqiisa da aziis yvela<br />
olqis episkoposebma daikaves, marjvena ki _ egviptis, palestinis<br />
da ilvirikiis episkoposebma. pirvel mxares konstantinepolis<br />
patriarqi anatoli meTaurobda, xolo meores _ CvenTvis ukve<br />
cnobili aleqsandriis patriarqi dioskore. anatoli konstantinepolelis<br />
partias yvela im <strong>saeklesio</strong> olqis episkoposebi<br />
Seadgendnen, romlebic nikeisa da nestorianul epoqaSi saerTo<br />
miswrafebebiT iyvnen gaerTianebulni. am partiis axal wevrs<br />
mxolod romi warmoadgenda, romelic aqamde masSi ar Sedioda.<br />
dioskores Tanamzraxvelebs ki is episkoposebi warmoadgendnen,<br />
romlebic Zveli droidanve aleqsandriis eklesias saTaveSi<br />
ucvlelad edgnen. e. i. Cven aq partiis imave dajgufebas vxvdebiT,<br />
romelic aqamdec ara erTxel Segvxvedria.<br />
sayuradReboa gadawyvetileba romis eklesiisa, romelic<br />
monofizitur sakiTxebze kamaTis dasawyisSi evtiqis mxareze<br />
idga. magram papma male SeamCnia, rom romisa da aleqsandriis<br />
eklesiebis interesebi TandaTan erTmaneTs scildebodn en.<br />
amis mizezi sxvadasxva garemoebasTan erTad isic iyo, rom 448<br />
w. konstantinepolis krebis Semdeg evtiqis saapelacio saCi
28 IV kreba<br />
qalkedoni, 451 w.<br />
29<br />
vars papi leoni ar gamoeqomaga, ris gamoc evtiqim roms zurgi<br />
aqcia. es ki leons aucileblad Seuracxyofda. miT umetes, Tu<br />
imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom IV-V ss-Si papebi TavianT Tavze<br />
ukve maRali warmodgenisani iyvnen. amas isic daerTo, rom dioskorem<br />
leoni kidec SeaCvena. am mizezebis wyalobiT leonma<br />
romis adrindeli <strong>saeklesio</strong> politika Secvala. mo nofizitobis<br />
winamZRvrebs ganudga da konstantinepols mie mxro. romisa da<br />
konstantinepolis eklesiebis daaxloeba patriarq flabianes<br />
saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
aRniSnuli ori partiis gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi SemdegSi<br />
mdgomareobs:<br />
a) partiebi avazakTa krebaze gakicxuli mamebis sakiTxs sx va -<br />
dasxvagvarad udgebodnen, rac gansakuTrebiT netar Teodoritesadmi<br />
damokidebulebaSi gamomJRavnda; marcxena mxare mas<br />
marTlmadideblobis qomagad aRiarebda, marjvena mxares ki<br />
Teodorites saxelis gagonebac ki ar undoda.<br />
b) partiebs uniisadmi gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba hqondaT.<br />
marcxena mxarem 448 w. konstantinepolis kreba aRiara da dagmo<br />
avazakTa kreba, riTac Tavisi damokidebuleba gamoxata.<br />
g) marcxena mxare konstantinepolis meore <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis<br />
simbolos aRiarebda, marjvena ki _ piriqiT. mizezi qristolo<br />
giur sakiTxebSi SeuTanxmebloba iyo. marcxena mxaris<br />
wa rmomadgeneli episkoposi diogene kvizikeli acxadebda,<br />
rom nikeis simbolos warmoTqma konstantinepolSi 381 w. gakeTebuli<br />
damatebebis gareSe gaumarTlebeli iyo, radgan am<br />
gansazRvrebis gareSe nikeis simbolo arasrulyofili Canda.<br />
diogene ambobda: `evtiqim nikeis wm. mamebis kreba pirvel<br />
ad gilze mzakvrulad daayena, maSin roca, konstantinepolis<br />
krebam simbolo apolinaris, makedoniosis da maT msgavsTa<br />
biwieri azrebis gamo Seavso, saxeldobr, simboloSi mimatebulia:<br />
gardamoxda zeciT da xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidi sa<br />
da mariamisagan qulwulisa. evtiqim, rogorc apolinaris tma,<br />
es adgili gamotova. apolinaric aRiarebs nikeis wm. krebas,<br />
magram es sityvebi sakuTari damaxinjebuli Sexedulebisamebr<br />
esmis da gaurbis gamoTqmas: sulisagan wmidisa da ma riamisagan<br />
qalwulisa. SemdegSi mcxovrebma wm. mamebma nike is simbolo<br />
ufro naTlad gansazRvres~. evsevi dorvileli imave mizezebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT acxadebda: evtiqi uaryofda, rom ufali ieso<br />
qristes sxeuli zeciuria (RmrTiuria), magram uars ambobda<br />
ganemarta, Tu saidan iyo igi.<br />
d) dabolos, marcxena da marjvena mxareTa warmomadgenlebs<br />
gansxvavebuli qristologiuri Sexedulebebi hyofda, romelic<br />
monofizitobas exeboda. marcxena mxaris warmomadgeneli mamebis<br />
swavleba ieso qristes or bunebas ganasxvavebda, romelic<br />
RmerTkacis erT pirSi iyo SeerTebuli. dioskores azriT ki:<br />
`SeerTebis Semdeg or bunebas ki ar unda vaRiarebdeT, aramed<br />
sityvis erT ganxorcielebul bunebas~, `ori bunebisgan vaRiareb,<br />
ors _ ar vaRiareb", `ai, ras vamtkiceb: SeerTebis Semdeg ori<br />
buneba ar aris~.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, marcxena mxare marTlmadidebluri iyo.<br />
amitom igi krebis suls warmoadgenda, xolo marjvena _ eretikuli,<br />
romelic eklesiis interesebis sawinaaRmdego partias<br />
qmnida. marjvena mxares rom gadaeZlia, maSin wmida da <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis nacvlad avazakTa kreba gveqneboda, magram RmrTis wyalobiT<br />
marcxena partiam male marjvena mxaris xarjze gazrda<br />
da gaZliereba daiwyo. eretikuli Sexedulebebidan marTlmadidebelTa<br />
mxareze gadasvlisas episkoposebs WeSmaritebis<br />
mousyidveli grZnoba xelmZRvanelobda. kreba erTsulovani<br />
gaxda. Tuki raime gaugebroba gaCndeboda, isev mxolod im<br />
episkoposebis mizeziT, romlebic manamde dioskores partias<br />
ekuTvnodnen. maTSi aleqsandriuli suliskveTeba mainc vlindeboda,<br />
romelsac ar SeeZlo antioqiur suls ucbad Serwymoda<br />
da SeerTeboda.<br />
konstantinepolis simbolom mravali winaaRmdegobis<br />
gadalaxvis Semdeg sabolood sruli aRiareba moipova.<br />
krebaze didi dro daeTmo wm. mamaTa im mTliani werilebis<br />
an nawyvetebis kiTxvas, romlebSic ieso qristes RmrTeebriv da<br />
kacobriv bunebaTa SeerTebis sakiTxia gansazRvruli. gri gol<br />
RmrTismetyvelis, ambrosi mediolanelis, ioane oqro piris,<br />
kirile aleqsandrielis, basili didis da eklesiis sxva mna-<br />
TobTa naazrevis safuZvelze krebam qristologiuri dogma tis<br />
amomwuravi sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvreba Seadgina, romelsac<br />
qvemoT warmovadgenT:
30 IV kreba<br />
qalkedoni, 451 w.<br />
31<br />
dogmati Cveni ufali ieso qristes<br />
erTi piris ori bunebis Sesaxeb<br />
varT ra mimdevarni wmida mamaTa moZRvrebisa, yvelani<br />
erTxmad vaswavliT erTi da imave Zis, Cveni uflis, ieso<br />
qristes aRiarebas, rogorc sruls RmrTeebiT da sruls<br />
adamianurobiT, WeSmarit RmerTsa da WeSmarit kacs, masve<br />
gonieri sulisa da sxeulisagan. erTarss mamisa RmrTeebiT<br />
da Cvenive erTarss adamianurobiT, sruliad Cvens<br />
msgavss garda codvisa, RmrTeebiT mamisagan Sobils<br />
uwinares saukuneTa, xolo ukanasknel Jams kacobrivad<br />
Sobils CvenTvis da Cveni xsnisaTvis RmrTismSobeli<br />
qalwuli mariamisagan. erTsa da imave qristes, Ze<br />
RmerTs, mxolodSobils, ori bunebiT Seurwyme lad,<br />
ucvlelad, ganuyoflad da ganuyrelad Semecnebuls ise,<br />
rom SeerTebis Sedegad ara Tu aranairad ar ispoba gansxvaveba<br />
or bunebas Soris, ufro metic, TiToeuli maTganis<br />
bunebis Tviseba SenarCunebuli da SeerTebulia erT<br />
pi rsa da erT hipostasSi, _ ara or pirad gankveTilsa<br />
da ga yofils, aramed erTsa da imave Ze RmerTs, mxolod-<br />
Sobils, sityva-RmerTs, ufal ieso qristes, rogorc mis<br />
Sesaxeb ZvelTaganve aswavlidnen winaswarme tyvelebi<br />
da rogorc TviT ufalma ieso qristem gvaswavla da<br />
rogorc amas mamebis simbolo gadmogvcems. 4<br />
rogorc ki sarwmunoebis gansazRvreba xmamaRla iqna wakiTxuli,<br />
igi mTelma krebam erTsulovnad miiRo.<br />
krebis bolo sxdomaze, romelzec damtkicda sarwmunoebrivi<br />
dadgenileba, TviT imperatori markianec da misi meuRle pulxeriac<br />
mobrZandnen. imperatoris SekiTxvaze, aRniSnuli dadgenileba<br />
yvela episkoposis TanxmobiT iyo Tu ara miRebuli,<br />
mamebma upasuxes: `yvelas ase gvwams! yvelani SevTanxmdiT da<br />
xeli movawereT. es marTlmadidebelTa sarwmunoebaa. am rwmenam<br />
samyaro ixsna. wmida samebam sami piri gankveTa~ (nestori,<br />
evtiqi, dioskore).<br />
qalkedonis krebis dogmatur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
saqmianoba ase damTavrda. ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar mieqces<br />
am krebis udides mniSvnelobas, romelmac eklesiis Semdgom<br />
istoriaSi mravali keTili nayofi gamoiRo:<br />
1. IV-V ss-Si antioqiur da aleqsandriul skolebs Soris<br />
ganuwyveteli dava iyo imis Taobaze, Tu sarwmunoebis WeSmaritebisa<br />
da <strong>saeklesio</strong> dogmatebis gamokvlevis dros ra<br />
adgili unda daTmoboda adamianis gonebas. es sadao sakiTxi<br />
sabolood qalkedonis krebam gadawyvita: aravis ar ekrZaleba<br />
gamoTqvas sakuTari azri da gamoxatos Tavisi sarwmunoeba,<br />
mxolod erTi pirobiT _ igi wm. mamebis swavlebaTa Sesabamisi<br />
unda iyos, radgan eklesiis did mnaTobTa Txzulebebs igive<br />
ufleba mieniWaT arsebobisTvis, rogorc nikeis simbolos. aseT<br />
mnaTobebad ki WeSmaritebis ganmmartebeli iseTi didi mamebia<br />
dasaxelebuli, rogorebic arian basili didi, papi damasi, aTanase<br />
didi, kirile aleqsandrieli, antioqiis brZeni arqiepiskoposi<br />
ioane, prokle da leon didi. qalkedonis krebis monawile<br />
eqvsasma mamam saRmrTismetyvelo mecniereba da misi saqme saukunod<br />
akurTxa.<br />
2. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qalkedonis krebaze sabolood<br />
gairkva agreTve konstantinepolis simbolos sakiTxic, romelic<br />
marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis gaxsnis safuZvlad aRiares.<br />
__________________________<br />
4 Zveli Targmani dogmatisa zemoT dasaxelebul `dogmatikonSi~ nawilnawil,<br />
magram sruladaa gadmocemuli: `Sedgomilni ukue wmidaTa mamaTani,<br />
erTad da igived Zed aRsarebasa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristessa<br />
erTÃmobiT vaswavebT yovelni srulad RmrTeebiTa masve da srulad<br />
kacebiTa masve, RmerTad WeSmaritad da kacad WeSmaritad; masve sulisagan<br />
sityÂerisa da ÃorcTa, Tanaarsad mamisa RmrTeebiTa da Tanaarsad<br />
Cuenda masve kacebiTa yovliTurT msgavs Cuenda qmnulsa TÂnier xolo<br />
codvisa~ (gv. 185), `pirvel saukuneTa vidreme mamisagan Sobili RmrTeebr,<br />
xolo ukuanaÁsknelTa dReTasa igive CuenTvis da Cuenisa cxonebisaTvis<br />
mariamisagan qalwulisa RmrTismSobelisa kacobriv; erTi da igive<br />
qriste, Ze, ufali, mxolodSobili, orTa Sina bunebaTa Seurevnelad, uqcevelad,<br />
ganuwvalebelad da ganuSoreblad cnobili. arasada ganyofisa<br />
bu nebaTaÁsa mospobiTa SeerTebisa mier, aramed ufroÁsRa cxovlad<br />
dacvulebiTa TÂTebasa TiToeulisa bunebisasa da erTad pirad da er-<br />
Tad guamad SemokrebiTa. ara orpirobad ganyofili, aramed erTi da<br />
igive Ze mxolodSobili, RmerTi _ sityvaÁ da ufali iesu qriste, viTarigi<br />
zemoÁTganve misTvis winaÁswarmetyvelTa da TviT man iesu qriste<br />
guaswava Cuen da mamaTa CuenTa sazRvarman mosca~ (gv. 189).
32 IV kreba<br />
qalkedoni, 451 w.<br />
33<br />
konstantinepolis simbolos <strong>msoflio</strong> mniSvneloba mieniWa.<br />
krebis Semdeg igi imperatoris brZanebiT gamocxadda, rogorc<br />
yoveli qristianisTvis aucilebeli aRsareba.<br />
3. qalkedonis krebis mier miRebulma sarwmunoebis ganmartebam<br />
aRiareba male moipova, radgan, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia,<br />
man gansazRvra da gaxsna erT-erTi iseTi saidumlo dogmati,<br />
rogoricaa swavleba RmerTkacis piris Sesaxeb. igi romis episkoposmac<br />
miiRo. qalkedonis krebis <strong>dogmaturi</strong> gansazRvrebis<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba imaSic mdgomareobs, rom man arc<br />
aleqsandriulsa da arc antioqiur RmrTismetyvelur Tvalsazriss<br />
upiratesoba ar mianiWa. krebam daazava isini da orive<br />
skolis swavlebidan erTi Serwymuli swavleba warmoadgina.<br />
ori skolis literaturidan erTi <strong>saeklesio</strong> literatura<br />
warmoiSva. marTalia, am SeTanxmebis miRwevamde mravali winaaRmdegoba<br />
gadailaxa, magram didi WeSmaritebis bedi aseTia<br />
da igi mxolod brZoliT imarjvebs.<br />
meeqvse <strong>msoflio</strong> krebam swavleba ieso qristes ori nebis<br />
Sesaxeb monoTelitobis sawinaaRmdegod Camoayaliba. igi imiT<br />
iwyeba, rom qalkedonis krebis sarwmunoebis gansazRvrebas<br />
RmerTkacis piris Sesaxeb mTeli sizustiT gadmoscems da mis<br />
safuZvelze, rogorc Tavsakidur lodze, agebs swavlebas ieso<br />
qristes ori nebis Sesaxeb.<br />
aseve danamdvilebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebaze gaxsnili dogmati xatis gamoyenebisa da Tayvaniscemis<br />
Sesaxeb sayrdens ZiriTadad qalkedonis sarwmunoebriv dadgenilebaSi<br />
poulobs. xatTmbrZolebi xatebs imis safuZvelze<br />
uaryofdnen, rom ieso qristes, rogorc RmerTkacis gamosaxva<br />
SeuZlebelia, rom tilosa da dafaze mxolod qristes kacobrivi<br />
xateba gamoisaxeba da ara misi RmrTeebrivi saxeo. xatTmbrZol-<br />
Ta es azri im monofizituri SexedulebebiT mtki cdeboda, romlis<br />
mixedviTac RmrTeebam qristeSi TiTqos misi adamianuroba<br />
STanTqa. xatTmbrZolTa sawinaaRmdego gansa zRvreba ZiriTadad<br />
im swavlebaze SeiZleboda dafuZnebuliyo, romlis mixedvi-<br />
Tac qristeSi ori sruli bunebaa _ RmrTeebrivi da kacobrivi,<br />
ori Seurwymeli buneba, magram amave dros ganuyofeli. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, qristianuli grZnobebisaTvis qristes, rogorc<br />
mxolod kacis ubralo gamosaxulebasac ki, cota mniSvneloba<br />
rodi eniWeboda. qalkedonis krebam es swavleba sarwmunoebrivi<br />
dadgenilebiT gamoxata.<br />
4. qalkedonis krebam CvenTvis cnobili uniis avtoritets<br />
mxari dauWira da daamtkica kidec. Tavisi mxridan saimperatoro<br />
xelisuflebam gansakuTrebuli brZanebiT aRadgina im pirTa<br />
pativi da Rirseba, romlebic dioskoresagan uniis erTgulebisaTvis<br />
didad dazaraldnen.<br />
5. pirveli oTxi <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis <strong>dogmaturi</strong> istoriis ganxilvisas,<br />
Cven im saintereso movlenas vakvirdebiT, rom iSviaTi<br />
gamonaklisis garda aleqsandriuli RmrTismetyvelebis mimarTulebis<br />
momxreebi papebis mimarT yovelTvis megobrulad<br />
iyvnen ganwyobilni, maSin roca, antioqiuri mxare, ramdenime<br />
Se mTxvevis gamoklebiT, yovelTvis ewinaaRmdegeboda maT.<br />
qa lkedonis kreba meore mimarTulebis warmomadgenelTa<br />
SemarTebiT moqmedebda. qalkedonis krebis msgavsad SeiZleba<br />
papisTvis arc arasodes ugrZnobiebiaT, rom misi pretenziebi<br />
eklesiis ganmgeblobaze usafuZvlo iyo da arakanonieri. kre bam<br />
papis legatebis winadadeba ar miiRo, roca isini taZridan dioskores<br />
gagdebas usafuZvlod moiTxovdnen. le gatebi mizezad<br />
mxolod imas asaxelebdnen, rom paps ase hqonda nabrZanebi. roca<br />
krebam dioskores danaSaulis axsna iTxova, le gatebma Tqves:<br />
`dioskorem gabeda papis nebarTvis gareSe Caetarebina kreba<br />
(avazakTa), rac arasodes momxdara da arc unda moxdes~. kreba<br />
am argumentiT ar dakmayofilebula da legatebs isev SekiTxviT<br />
mimarTa: agvixseniT dioskores danaSaulis namdvili mizezi da<br />
mxolod amis Semdeg iqneba Tqveni survili Sesrulebulio. am<br />
mizezis dasaxelebis Semdeg krebam maTi survili daakmayofila,<br />
magram arc Tu savsebiT.<br />
rogorc Cans, mamebi sul mcire mniSvnelobasac ki ar ani-<br />
Webdnen im wess, romliTac TiTqos papis nebarTvis gareSe<br />
kreba ar SeiZleboda Semdgariyo. magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
faqtori, romliTac mamebis mxridan papis moTxovnebis mimarT<br />
upativcemuloba gamoixata, is iyo, rom konstantinepolis patriarqi,<br />
marTalia, rigiT meore, magram RirsebiT papis Tanasworad<br />
gamocxadda. legatebi tyuilad aprotestebdnen am dadgenilebas.<br />
Semdeg ki papi leonic amaod cdilobda mis ganadgurebas, saqme<br />
ar Secvlila. es iyo iseTi mniSvnelovani faqti, romelsac
34 IV kreba<br />
V krebis wina movlenebi<br />
35<br />
papebi qristianuli eklesiis mTeli istoriis manZilze ar iviwyebdnen.<br />
eklesiis ganmgebloba da Zalaufleba, romelsac papebi<br />
martooden TavianT Tavs akuTvnebdnen, amieridan, qalkedonis<br />
krebis ganCinebiT, maT bizantiis patriarqebTan erTad unda<br />
gaeyoT. am dadgenilebaze dayrdnobiT aRmosavleTis eklesiam<br />
papis xelyofisagan iseT mZime drosac ki SeZlo daecva Tavisi<br />
Rirseba, rogoric XIII an XV saukuneebi iyo. qalkedonis krebam<br />
aRmosavleTTan damokidebulebaSi erTxel da samudamod<br />
moaxdina papis pativmoyvareobis paralizeba.<br />
aseTi damsaxurebebiT ganisazRvreba qalkedonis <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis didi Rirseba da misi ukvdavi saxeli.<br />
mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win<br />
a) mokle cnobebi meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis<br />
Semdeg monofizitobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb<br />
qalkedonis meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebam monofizitobis eresze<br />
gaimarjva, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom monofizitebi aRmosavleTis<br />
eklesiaSi saerTod aRar arsebobdnen; zogan 449<br />
w. avazakTa krebis dadgenilebebs isev icavdnen.<br />
qalkedonis krebas winaaRmdegoba pirvelad palestinis<br />
eklesiaSi Sexvda. aq mwvaleblobis pirveli Tesli aleqsandriidan<br />
SemoRweulma yovlad uRirsma berma Teodosim Seitana,<br />
romelic TviT dioskoremac ki gaagdo eklesiidan. Teodosi<br />
da misi momxreebi qalkedonis krebis sawinaaRmdegod yovlad<br />
uSver ciliswamebebs avrcelebdnen: TiTqos krebas sarwmunoeba<br />
daemaxinjebinos ieso qristes ori piris daSvebiT, nestoris<br />
mimdevarTa msgavsad qristeSi ori Zis aRiareba eswavlebinos<br />
da mamebis mier damtkicebuli simbolosagan gansxvavebuli<br />
sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebebi mieRos. Teodosis momxreebad<br />
gaunaTlebeli berebi iqcnen, romelTa ricxvma aTi aTass miaRwia.<br />
Teodosis winamZRolobiT isini damnaSaveTa brbod iqcnen:<br />
TavianTi monastrebi da udabnoebi miatoves, ierusalims Tavs<br />
daesxnen, xanZars aCendnen, arc mkvlelobebs eridebodnen, sapyrobileebi<br />
Seamtvries da qalaqSi Caiketnen. yovlive es im<br />
mizniT xdeboda, rom ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi yvelas<br />
monofizitoba eRiarebina da qalkedonis kreba, papi leoni da<br />
krebis yvela monawile SeeCvenebina. Teodosim Tavisi Tavi<br />
ierusalimis mTavarepiskoposad gamoacxada. rac Seexeba ierusalimis<br />
kanonier mTavarepiskopos iubenals, igi Camoagdes<br />
da iZulebuli Seiqna qalaqidan wasuliyo. TavSeukavebelma<br />
monofizitebma marTlmadidebel episkoposTa sicocxlezec ki<br />
gabedes xelis aRmarTva. isini maTi cxedrebis Seuracxyofasac<br />
ki ar eridebodnen. roca am saSinelma ambebma imperator<br />
markianes yuramdec miaRwia, man meamboxeTa winaaRmdeg jari<br />
gagzavna. Teodosim da misma momxreebma ierusalimi datoves<br />
da sinas monastrisaken gae Surnen, Tan gzadagza axal-axal<br />
danaSauls sCadiodnen da mosaxleob aSi monofizituri mwvaleblobis<br />
Tesli SehqondaT. Teodosim momxreebi sinazec<br />
gaiCina. imperatori cdilobda sinelebi werilebiT gaerkvia<br />
WeSmaritebaSi da yvelas mouwodebda, xeli SeewyoT iseTi meamboxisa<br />
da biwieri kacis SepyrobaSi, rogoric Teodosi iyo.<br />
amave dros imperatorma wesrigis aR sadgenad Tavis adgilze<br />
daabruna iubenali, magram monofizitebsa da marTlmadideblebs<br />
Soris kamaTs bolo mainc ar u Canda. zogierTi gamZvinvarebuli<br />
monofiziti iqamdec ki midi oda, rom WeSmaritebis aRiarebas<br />
sikvdili erCivna.<br />
qalkedonis krebis dadgenilebebs aqtiurad aRudga win egviptec.<br />
egviptes kidev ufro mZafrad daatyda Tavs monofizitoba,<br />
vidre palestinas; da es gasagebicaa, _ avazakTa krebis moTave dioskore<br />
aqedan iyo. amasTan, egvipteSi marto igi rodi azrovnebda<br />
monofiziturad. TviT qalkedonis krebaze cametma egviptelma<br />
episkoposma uari Tqva xeli moewera papi leonis marTlmadideblur<br />
epistoleze im mizeziT, rom TiTqos maT amis gakeTebis<br />
ufleba ar hqondaT TavianTi mTavarepiskoposis ne barTvis<br />
gareSe. gasagebia, rom aseTi episkoposebi qalkedonis krebis<br />
mxardaWeras naklebad SeZlebdnen. amitom iyo, rom SemdgomSi<br />
egvipteSi monofizituri eklesia Camoyalibda. Ta vidan ki iq<br />
areuloba aleqsandrielma xucesma timoTem Se itana, romelsac
36 V krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
37<br />
`cofiani~ ewoda. igi Tavisi momxre episkoposebis daxmarebiT<br />
aleqsandriis mTavarepiskoposad gamocxadda, xolo kanonieri<br />
mTavarepiskoposi proteriosi aRdgoma dRes sanaTlavSi<br />
mokles. timoTes partiis barbarosma mwvaleblebma esec ar<br />
ikmares: `misi dakafuli gvami mTel qalaqSi aTries, ugrZnobi<br />
sxeuli umowyalod gvemes, nawilebad daWres da Signeuls Tav-<br />
Seukaveblad ZaRlebiviT kbendnen; bolos ki sxeulis nawilebi<br />
cecxls misces da ferfli qars gaatanes. maTma sisastikem yvela<br />
veluri mxecis gamZvinvarebas gadaaWarba~. timoTem qalkedonis<br />
krebis mier miRebuli sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis damcveli<br />
episkoposebi SeaCvena da maT saxelebs wm. kirile aleqsandrielic<br />
SeuerTa. magram misTvis esec cota gamodga: man <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
diptiqebidan mTavarepiskoposi proteriosis saxeli amoSala<br />
da mis magivrad dioskores saxeli Cawera.<br />
qalkedonis krebisadmi egvipteSi Seqmnili opozicia imiT<br />
damTavrda, rom imperatori leon I (457-474 ww.) marTlmadidebelTa<br />
mxareze dadga da timoTe aleqsandriidan gaaZeva.<br />
mesame qveyana, sadac monofizitobam antioqiis TaosnobiT<br />
sasurveli niadagi hpova, siria iyo. xolo mwvaleblobis<br />
gavrcelebis moTaved varsuma unda miviCnioT. es is varsumaa,<br />
romelic dioskores mier avazakTa krebaze iqna miwveuli rogorc<br />
Tavgamodebuli monofiziti. man siriaSi aTasobiT Tanamoazre<br />
gaiCina. amitomac araa gasakviri, rom aq qalkedonis<br />
krebas Sesaferisi TanagrZnobiT ar Sexvdnen. es gansakuTrebiT<br />
gamomJRavnda siriis mmarTvelad zenonis (Sem dgomSi imperatori)<br />
dadgenis dros, romelic imperatori leon pirvelis<br />
naTesavi iyo. zenonis amalas siriaSi Tan Camohyva qalkedoneli<br />
monofiziti mRvdeli petre fuloni (mkawrveli), romelic Semdeg<br />
zenonis xelis SewyobiT antioqiis arqiepiskoposi gaxda.<br />
petres swavlebiT: Ze RmerTi itanja Rmr Teebrivi da ara kacobrivi<br />
bunebiT. man am azris yvela mowinaaRmdege SeaCvena da<br />
bolos brZana, rom samwmidaobiT saRmrTismsaxuro galobaSi<br />
(`wmidao RmerTo, wmidao Zliero, wmidao ukudavo, Segviwyalen<br />
Cven~) daematebinaT sityvebi: `romeli jvars ecvi CvenTvis~.<br />
monofizituri SexedulebiT aseTi damateba bunebrivia: radgan,<br />
Tuki Ze RmerTi RmrTeebrivi bunebiT evno, rogorc amas monofizitebi<br />
aswavlidnen, xolo wm. samebis samive piri (gvami)<br />
ki arsiT erTia, amitom Ze RmerTTan erTad mama RmerTic da<br />
suliwmidac unda vnebuliyo, _ aRniSnuli damateba swored am<br />
azris gamomxatvelia. 5<br />
antioqiis eklesiis marTva monofiziti petre fulonis mier<br />
didxans ar gagrZelebula, igi imperatorma gadaasaxla. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, siria monofizitobis buded iqca.<br />
dabolos, TviT dedaqalaqis eklesiaSic monofizitoba ar<br />
Camkvdara. rogorc cnobilia, monofizitobis eresiarqi evtiqi<br />
swored konstantinepolidan iyo. gasakviri araa, rom misi<br />
gankveTis gamo konstantinepolSi Tavi iCina imave cdomilebis<br />
Teslma, romlis mimdevarTa Soris imperatorebic ki aRmoCndnen:<br />
vasiliski (476-477 ww.), zenoni (477-491 ww.) da anastasi (491-518 ww.)<br />
b) dava sami Tavis Sesaxeb<br />
yvela sxva krebisagan gansxvavebiT, mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
krebas raime axal eresTan saqme ar hqonia. misi saqmianoba<br />
mesame da meoTxe krebebTanaa dakavSirebuli, radgan dRis wesrigSi<br />
isev nestorianebisa da, ufro ki, monofizitebis sakiTxi<br />
idga. es pirebi: Teodore _ momfsuestis episkoposi, Teodorite<br />
_ kviros episkoposi da iba _ edesis episkoposi6 ukve mexuTe<br />
saukuneSi gardaicvalnen, magram isini nestorianuli eresis<br />
warmoSobasa da ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT iyvnen cnobilni<br />
da maT swavlebas eklesiaSi sacduri isev Semohqonda. arc<br />
mesame da arc meoTxe krebas isini ar ganusjia, magram monofizitebma,<br />
romlebic yovelTvis mzad iyvnen ro gorme evnoT<br />
marTlmadideblobisTvis, ukve istoriis asparezidan gardasuli<br />
ambebic gaixsenes. gansakuTrebiT maTTvis arasasurvel<br />
5`didi da RmerTSemosili aTanase da netari basili da grigoli da<br />
yovelni wmi dani mamani, esreT wameben, romel samwmidaobiTa galobiTa<br />
wmidisa samebisa gu amTa gamomisaxven Cuen wmidani serafimni~ (efTvime<br />
grZeli, sosTenis mimarT, so mexT moZRvrisa//saqarTvelos samoTxe, gamc.<br />
m. sabinini, petb., 1882. gv. 618-619).<br />
6saxeldeba `Tavi~ am samma pirma miiRo ara imitom, rom isini nestorianuli<br />
eresis Tavs warmoadgendnen, aramed imitom, rom imperator iustinianes<br />
brZanebaSi TiToeul pirs calke Tavi anu paragrafi eZRvneboda.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, Tavdapirvelad dava brZanebis sami Tavis Sesaxeb<br />
gaimarTa, magram Semdeg am gamoTqmam azri Seicvala da `TavSi~ TviTon<br />
pirebs gulisxmobdnen.
38 V krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
39<br />
qalkedonis krebas esxmodnen Tavs, radgan krebam aRniSnuli<br />
pirebi ar gankveTa, da eklesias ayvedridnen, rom TiTqos man<br />
farulad miisakuTra da SeiTvisa nestorianoba. radgan imperatorma<br />
nestoris Txzulebebi akrZala, monofizitebma TavianTi<br />
mwvaleblobis gasavrceleblad aseT xerxs mimarTes: nestoris<br />
Txzulebebis magier im <strong>saeklesio</strong> mweralTa naSromebis Seswavla<br />
da gavrceleba daiwyes, romlebSic metnaklebad nestorianuli<br />
azrebi iyo gatarebuli. swored amgvar Txzulebebs<br />
warmoadgenda zemoT moxseniebul pirTa naSromebi.<br />
saqmis gamosasworeblad davaSi TviT imperatori iustiniane<br />
Caeria. <strong>saeklesio</strong> saqmeebisaTvis mzrunvelobam imperatori,<br />
romelic meore konstantine didi iyo, aiZula ramdenime xniT<br />
saxelmwifo saqmeebic ki daeviwyebina. daaxloebiT 544 w.<br />
iustinianem brZaneba gamosca, romelSic SeCvenebulni iyvnen<br />
Teodore momfsuesteli da misi swavleba, Teodorite kvireli<br />
im TxzulebebisaTvis, romlebic Tavis droze wm. kirile<br />
ale qsandrielisa da mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis winaaRmdeg iyo<br />
mimarTuli da iba edeseli vinme marius sparselis mimarT<br />
gagzavnili epistolesaTvis, romelSic aSkarad Canda, rom misi<br />
avtori nestoris gavlenas ganicdida. iustinianes brZanebis<br />
mizani eklesiaSi Tanxmobis damkvidreba iyo, magram brZanebam<br />
didi areuloba gamoiwvia. sam Tavs rogorc gamkicxvelebi, ise<br />
damcvelebic gamouCndnen.<br />
Teodore momfsuestelis Sexedulebebis naTesaoba nestorianul<br />
ideebTan wm. kirile aleqsandrielisTvisac kargad<br />
iyo cnobili, magram mas efesos mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> krebaze (431 w.)<br />
Teodores sakiTxi arc wamouWria, ris mizezadac isic SeiZleba<br />
CaiTvalos, rom am droisaTvis Teodore ukve gardacvlili iyo<br />
(gard. 428 w.). cnobilia, rom misi mowinaaRmdegeebi xsovnas mainc<br />
eridebodnen, radgan roca mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis Semdeg wm.<br />
kirilem da wm. proklem (konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposi)<br />
Teodoresa da misi nestorianobiT Seryvnili Txzulebebis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod xma aRimaRles, maSin va imowinaaRmdegeebmac<br />
iCines Tavi, romlebic ugunurebisa da us afuZvlo msjelobis<br />
wyalobiT iqamdec mividnen, rom Teod ores marTlmadidebluri<br />
Sexedulebebic ki eretikulad gamoacxades. eseni somxeTisa<br />
da siriis samRvdelo dasis mon o fizitobis seniT Sepyrobili<br />
warmomadgenlebi gaxldaT.<br />
eklesiis erTobisaTvis zrunvam ganapiroba isic, rom maT<br />
gaiTvaliswines antioqielTa damokidebuleba Teodoresadmi.<br />
imperatori Teodosi mcirec ki, kirilesa da proklesTan erTad,<br />
garkveul zRvaramde angariSs uwevda antioqiis episkopatsa<br />
da maRal samRvdeloebas, romlebic gardacvlili Teodores<br />
saxels pativiT ixseniebdnen.<br />
amrigad, Teodores irgvliv Seqmnili situaciidan Cans, rom<br />
dava SesaZlebeli iyo. igive SeiZleba iTqvas Teodorite kvirelis<br />
Sesaxebac. mas zogi eretikosad da zogi ki moSurne mar-<br />
Tlmadideblad miiCnevda. saqme isaa, rom Tavidan Teodorite<br />
nestorisa da Teodores mxares iWerda da aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeboda<br />
kirile aleqsandriels, magram roca misTvis kiriles<br />
moRvaweobisa da swavlebis xasiaTi gairkva, igi kirilesa da efesos<br />
krebis mimarT keTilad ganewyo (manamde nestoris gankveTis<br />
gamo krebas ar eTanxmeboda) da <strong>msoflio</strong> eklesias SeuerTda.<br />
Teodorites mxardamWerTaTvis ZiriTadi argumenti mainc is<br />
iyo, rom qalkedonis <strong>msoflio</strong> krebam igi gaamarTla. amitom mis<br />
damcvelebs iustinianesaTvis TiTqos samarTlianad SeeZloT<br />
mieTiTebinaT, rom Teodoritem Tavisi saRmrTismetyvelo TxzulebebiT<br />
eklesias gacilebiT didi samsaxuri gauwia, vidre<br />
avno mcirericxovani naSromebiT.<br />
iba edeselis irgvlivac msgavsi garemoeba Seiqmna. Tavdapirvelad,<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebis Semdeg, iba nestorianul Sexedulebebs<br />
iziarebda, magram qalkedonis krebaze man nestori da misi swavleba<br />
SeaCvena da amis Semdeg misi marTlmadidebloba saeWvod<br />
aravis miuCnevia. magram kamaTi gamoiwvia ibas episto lem marius<br />
sparselis mimarT, romlis pirveli nawili mwvaleblis poziciis<br />
gamomJRavnebaa, xolo meore _ marTlmadideblobis aRiareba.<br />
Cvens mier gadmocemuli faqtebi _ Teodores, Teodoritesa da<br />
ibas saqmianobaze aSkaras xdis, rom davas sami Tavis Sesaxeb sakmao<br />
safuZveli hqonia. amitom iustinianes naCqarevad ga mocemulma<br />
brZanebam kamaTi am pirTa garSemo kidev ufro aRagzno.<br />
gauTavebeli davis gamo 551 w. imperatorma axali reli giuri<br />
brZaneba gamosca, romelic gansakuTrebiT imiTaa mniSvnelovani,<br />
rom igi didi miswrafebiT arRvevs im sawinaaRmdego debulebebs,<br />
romlebic sami Tavis dasacavad mohqondaT. miuxedavad amisa,
40 V kreba konstantinepoli, 553 w.<br />
41<br />
dasavleTisa da afrikis eklesiebi mainc ewinaaRmdegebodnen<br />
brZanebis moTxovnebs. aseT viTarebaSi imperatorma iustinianem<br />
sakiTxis sabolood gadasawyvetad <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
kreba moiwvia.<br />
SeniSvna: saqarTvelos eklesiis 1987 wlis kalendarSi qalkedonis<br />
dogmatis gansazRvrebisas (gv. 124), aseve n. yubaneiSvilisa<br />
da m. kelenjeriZis saxelmZRvaneloebSi, hipostasis Sesatyvis<br />
terminad gamoyenebulia sityva `saxe~, magram am Sinaarsis<br />
terminad misi miReba arasworia. miT umetes, arcerTi qarTuli<br />
enis leqsikoni `saxis~ hipostasad warmodgenis safuZvels ar<br />
iZleva. sawinaaRmdego mniSvnelobiT ki yuradRebas iqcevs erTi<br />
adgili, sadac `saxe~ gamijnulia `guamisagan~: `xolo petre da<br />
pavle da ioane erTsa sazRaursa miiTualven kacisa, egreTue<br />
sxuanica kacni, vinaÁca ara arian eseni saxeni kacisani, aramed<br />
ganukueTelni, ese igi ars guamni~ 7 . e. i. saxes da ganukveTels,<br />
anu gvams sxvadasxva definicia Seesabameba, radgan saxe bunebis<br />
aRmniSvneli sazogado saxelia, xolo gvami anu piri bunebasTan<br />
erTad kerZo mniSvnelobasac gulisxmobs: `ganikueTebodis-raÁ<br />
saxe, ese igi ars kacobrivi bunebaÁ, romel ars arsebaÁ da miiRebdes<br />
Semokrebasa TiToeulobiTTa TÂTebaTasa, Seasrulebs<br />
simravlesa ganukue TelTasa, romel arian guamni... Sesakrebel<br />
mravalTa ganu kueTelTa ars saxe~ 8 . xolo Tu RmrTis pirTa<br />
aRsaniSnavad termin saxes gamoviyenebT, jer erTi, igi samebis<br />
bunebas anu arsebas samad ganyofs, `rameTu martivi da erTsaxobiTi<br />
da ucxo yovlisave or kecobisa da SezavebisaÁ ars<br />
saRmrToÁ arsebaÁ~ 9 , da meorec, Tu mas saxismetyvelebiTi SinaarsiT<br />
gaviazrebT, ma Sin gamova, rom RmerTs samis magier erTi<br />
piri aqvs da Tavis Tavs samgvarad (samnairad, sami saxiT) avlens,<br />
rac, ra Tqma unda, sabelianosTa swavlebis Sesaferisi ufroa,<br />
vidre marTlmadidebelTa moZ R vrebisa. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
sampirovanis wil termini samsaxovanis gamoyenebac miuRebelia.<br />
__________________________<br />
7 sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t. I, moamz. il. abulaZem, Tb.,<br />
1991. gv. 567.<br />
8 dasx. dogmatikoni, gv. 109.<br />
9 iqve, gv. 147.<br />
mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba<br />
(konstantinepoli, 553 w.)<br />
mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba imperatorma iustinianem<br />
sami Tavis _ Teodore momfsuestelis, Teodorite kvirelis da<br />
iba edeselis _ sakiTxis gadasawyvetad Sekriba. krebas konstantinepolis<br />
patriarqi evtiqi Tavmjdomareobda. sxva cnobil<br />
monawileTagan aRsaniSnavia aleqsandriis patriarqi apolinari<br />
da antioqiis patriarqi domne. ierusalimis patriarqis adgili<br />
sam palestinel episkoposs eWira. dasavlel episkoposebs<br />
mxolod afrikelebi warmoadgendnen (ricxviT eqvsidan rvamde).<br />
romis papi vigiliusi, romelic jer kidev konstantinepolSi<br />
cxovrobda, xan avadmyofobisa da xan imis momizezebiT, rom<br />
krebas aRmosavleTis episkoposTa gacilebiT meti raodenoba<br />
eswreboda, vidre dasavleTisa, krebas ar daeswro da piroba<br />
dado, Tavisi azri sami Tavis Sesaxeb werilobiT gamoexata. ra<br />
Tqma unda, mizezi usafuZvlo iyo, radgan aqamdec yvela krebaze<br />
ricxobrivad aRmosavleTis episkoposebi ufro metni iyvnen,<br />
vidre dasavleTisa. paps dasavleTis zogierTma episkoposmac<br />
mibaZa da sxvadasxva mizeziT krebaSi monawileobis miRebaze<br />
uari ganacxada. namdvili mizezi ki papisa da misTvis mxaris<br />
ambmeli episkoposebis saqcielisa is iyo, rom paps am droisaTvis<br />
sami Tavis gakicxvis Sesaxeb azri ukve Secvlili hqonda.<br />
amitom, icoda ra aRmosavleTis episkoposTa damokidebuleba<br />
am saq misadmi, man amjobina, Tavi aeridebina krebisaTvis. misi<br />
mxardamWerebic aseve moiqcnen. kreba iZulebuli Seiqna papis<br />
ga reSe gadaewyvita problemebi.<br />
krebis saqmianobis programa iustinianes brZanebaSi iyo<br />
Camoyalibebuli, romelic Teodores sakiTxis ganxilviT iwyeboda.<br />
cxra muxlad warmodgenili Teodores cdomilebaTagan<br />
yuradRebas gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan muxlebze SevaCerebT.<br />
igi ambobs: yovladwmida qalwul mariamisagan iSva ara RmerTi,<br />
aramed adamiani; ara RmerTi-sityva iSva mariamisagan, aramed<br />
daibada is, vinc daviTis Teslisaganaa; RmerTi-sityva mxolod<br />
imyofeboda iesoSi, rogorc kacSi, mTeli misi amqveyniuri
42 V kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 553 w.<br />
43<br />
cxovrebis manZilze; saRmrTo werili gvaswavlis, rom sxvaa<br />
RmerTi-sityva da sxva _ adamiani, da gva Cvenebs, rom gansxvaveba<br />
maT Soris didia, adamiani arsiT erTia adamianisa, RmerTi _<br />
RmrTisa. amitom rogor SeiZleba ad amianisa da RmerTis erToba;<br />
adamiani qriste arafriT ar gansxvavdeba sxva admianebisagan;<br />
rogorc yvela adamianisTvis, misTvisac damaxasiaTebeli iyo<br />
vnebebTan da gulisTqmasTan brZola; qriste, rogorc adamiani,<br />
mxolod aRdgomis Semdeg gaxda ucvleli, anu borotebisaken<br />
miudrekeli; qriste suliwmidiT xelmZRvanelobasa da TviT<br />
RmerTi-sityvis mier ganmtkicebas saWiroebda; RmerTi-sityva<br />
exmareba mas, rogorc sxva, ucxo arsebas; Teodore Tavs aridebda<br />
`RmrTismSoblis~ wodebasac: igi adamianis dedaa, magram RmrTis<br />
dedacaa, imitom rom RmerTi adamianSi iyo; roca laparakia<br />
xorciel Sobaze, maSin RmerTi-sityva mariamis Zed ar unda<br />
CaiTvalos, radganac mokvdavisagan mokvdavi ibadeba da xorcielisgan<br />
misive msgavsi. Teodore wmida werilis kanonikur<br />
wignebs _ iobisa da qebaTa qebas _ dacinviT ixseniebda; amave<br />
dros Tvlida, rom Zveli aRTqmis mravali winaswarmetyveleba<br />
qristes mimarT ar iyo gamoTqmuli; Teodore Tavs uflebas<br />
aZlevda saxelwodeba `qristiani~ platonikosis, epikurelisa<br />
da maniqevelis gverdiT daeyenebina. Teodores SexedulebaTa<br />
sawinaaRmdego Sinaarss atarebdnen kirile aleqsandrielis,<br />
prokle konstantinepolelisa da rabula edeselis epistoleebi<br />
da Txzulebebi. yvela am samxilebeli sabuTis Sekrebis<br />
Semdeg kreba sami Tavis gansjis mowinaaRmdegeTa moTxovnebis<br />
usafuZvlobis dasabuTebas Seudga. maTi azriT, Teodores dagmoba<br />
ar SeiZleboda, radgan mas wm. kirile kargad moixseniebda.<br />
marTalia, am epistoleSi kirile ariozelebis winaaRmdeg br-<br />
ZolisaTvis `keTils~ uwodebs mas, magram qristeSi ori bunebis<br />
SeerTebis araswori swavlebisaTvis iqve kicxavs.<br />
Teodores damcvelTa mier warmodgenili grigol RmrTismetyvelis<br />
werili, sadac Teodores qeba aqvs Sesxmuli, siyalbed<br />
iqna miCneuli, radgan grigol RmrTismetyvelis werilis adresati<br />
sxva Teodore iyo. krebam iseTi magaliTebi moiyvana<br />
wmida mamaTa cxovrebidan, romelnic adasturebdnen, rom maT<br />
mier Seqebuli pirebi mwvaleblebic ki xdebodnen.<br />
Teodores damcvelTa azriT, misTvis sasjelis dadebas ukve<br />
azri aRar hqonda, radgan igi gardacvlili iyo, magram krebam<br />
kiriles, netari avgustines, aTanase didisa da sxva mamebis mier<br />
gardacvlilTa SeCvenebis mravali faqti daasaxela.<br />
Teodores damcvelTa mier moxmobili sabuTi, rom igi eklesiasTan<br />
Serigebuli gardaicvala da am mizeziT misi SeCveneba<br />
ar SeiZleboda, uSedego gamodga. kreba am sakiTxs araviTar<br />
mniSvnelobas ar aniWebda, radgan eklesiis keTilismyofelebad<br />
im gardacvlilebs miiCnevda, romlebic sarwmunoebriv dogmatebs<br />
cxovrebis bolomde icavdnen. mTavar arguments ki mainc<br />
is warmoadgenda, rom momfsuestSi didi xania Teodores saxeli<br />
<strong>saeklesio</strong> diptiqebidan amoSlili iyo.<br />
kreba gadavida Teodorite kvirelis sakiTxze. ganxilul<br />
iqna Teodorites is Txzulebebi, romlebic marTali sarwmunoebis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod da nestorianelTa interesebis dasacavad<br />
iyo dawerili. aseT Txzulebebad miiCnies:<br />
1. kirileseuli Tormeti SeCvenebis 10 ganxilva, romelSic<br />
Teodoritem nestorianuli Sexedulebebi pirdapir gamoxata:<br />
`Cven qristes RmerTsa da kacs vuwodebT; hipostasuri erToba<br />
ki, rogorc sakvirveli da uCveulo, arsaidan ar viciT, arc<br />
saRmrTo werilidan da arc misi ganmmartebeli mamebisagan~.<br />
2. epistoleebi, romlebSic wm. kirile mTeli daundoblobiT<br />
iyo ganqiqebuli da apolinaris mimdevrad iwodeboda, xolo<br />
misi swavleba gnostikosebis, valentisa da markionis ugunurebasTan<br />
iyo Sedarebuli. Teodorite kiriles im azrs miawerda,<br />
rom TiTqos `TviT uvnebeli da ucvalebeli RmerTi evno, mimsWvalul<br />
iqna jvarze da mokvda~. krebam erTi iseTi epistolec<br />
ganixila, romelic ukve gardacvlili kiriles saxels bilwad<br />
Seuracxyofda.<br />
3. Teodorites epistole andria samosatelisadmi, romelSic<br />
mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba sazizRari lanZRva-ginebiTaa moxseniebuli;<br />
aq marTlmadidebelTa mxare borotmoqmedebadaa<br />
gamoyvanili, xolo nestoris mimdevarni _ rogorc WeSmariti<br />
10 wm. kirile aleqsandrielis antinestorianuli Tormeti SeCveneba misive<br />
ganmartebiT Setanilia dasx. dogmatikonSi, gv. 64-78.
44 V kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 553 w.<br />
45<br />
sarwmunoebisaTvis mebrZolni.<br />
4. krebaze nestorisadmi gagzavnili epistolec waikiTxes,<br />
romelic mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis Semdeg iyo dawerili. aqedan<br />
Canda, rom Teodorite nestoris mimdevrad rCeboda mas Semdegac,<br />
rac <strong>msoflio</strong> krebam es eretikosi SeaCvena. krebam ag re-<br />
Tve isic moismina, rom Teodorite Teodore momfsuestelis<br />
dasacavad werda.<br />
jeri iba edeselsa da mis mier marius sparselisadmi miweril<br />
epistoleze midga. misi ganxilvisas, mTavari yuradReba<br />
imas eqceoda, qalkedonis krebam epistole, rogorc amas zogierTebi<br />
amtkicebdnen, marTla miiRo Tu arao. imis dasamtkiceblad,<br />
rom qalkedonSi ibas epistole ar SeuwynarebiaT, krebam<br />
igi qalkedonis krebis gansazRvrebas Seudara; dadasturda,<br />
rom maT Soris araviTari Tanxmoba ar iyo. magaliTad, qalkedonis<br />
kreba Tavis sarwmunoebriv gansazRvrebebSi ambobs, rom<br />
RmerTi-sityva ganxorcielda da gankacda, romelic aris ufali<br />
Cveni ieso qriste, xolo epistole maT, vinc am swavlebas iziarebs,<br />
eretikosebsa da apolinaristebs uwodebs. qalkedonis<br />
kreba aswavlis, rom wmida qalwuli mariami RmrTismSobeli<br />
iyo, epistole ki uaryofs, rom wmida qalwuli RmrTismSobelia.<br />
qalkedonis kreba ambobs, rom igi yove lmxriv emxroboda<br />
efesos krebas, epistole ki kicxavs mas.<br />
sabolood krebam SeaCvena Teodore momsuesteli da misi<br />
Txzulebebi, xolo ori piri _ Teodorite kvireli da iba edeseli<br />
_ Seiwyala; ase, rom pirvelis mxolod ramdenime Txzuleba<br />
da meoris erTi werili SeaCvena.<br />
aRmosavleTSi, sadac sami Tavis gansjis Sesaxeb Tavidanve<br />
Tanxmoba iyo, mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis gadawyvetilebebs winaaRmdegoba<br />
ar Sexvedria. dasavleTSi ki saqme sxvagvarad<br />
warimarTa. dasavleTi manamdec da mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis<br />
drosac sami Tavis gansjas gadaWriT ewinaaRmdegeboda, TviT<br />
papic ki meryeobda, ganekicxa Tu ara isini; amitom dasavleTSi<br />
mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebam wina oTxi <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis Tanaswori<br />
avtoriteti maSinve ver moipova. mTeli naxevari saukune<br />
gavida, vidre sami Tavis damcvelebi mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebas<br />
aRiarebdnen. romis papebma am saqmeSi Tavi gamoiCines. TviT<br />
papi vigiliusi, romelic krebis drosac ki sami Tavis mimarT<br />
simpaTiiT iyo ganwyobili, krebis Semdeg maTi Tanamdgomi gaxda,<br />
vinc sami Tavis gansjas moiTxovda. aseve moiqca pirvelad misi<br />
taxtis memkvidre papi pelagi; igi erT epistoleSi SeniSnavs:<br />
`xangrZlivi muSaobisa da Seuracxyofamde misul paeqrobaSi<br />
ganvlili didi xnis Semdeg, gamoiZies ra WeSmariteba, dasavleTis<br />
episkoposebi mainc SeTanxmdnen sami Tavis gansjis sakiTxSi~.<br />
pelagi am winaaRmdegobebis mizezad laTinebis mier berZnuli<br />
enis ucodinarobas asaxelebs, ris gamoc isini didi xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />
araswori informaciiT xelmZRvanelobdnen. dabolos,<br />
papi grigoli didi (VI s. bolo) sami Tavis SemorCenil damcvelebs<br />
ebrZoda, romelnic Soreuli irlandiis episkoposebi<br />
iyvnen. grigolis papobis Semdeg dasa vleTSi mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis avtoritetic pirveli oTxi <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis Tanasworad<br />
ganmtkicda.
46 VI krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
47<br />
meeqvse <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win<br />
(monoTelitoba da marTlmadideblobis damcvelebi)<br />
meSvide saukunis eresiÿ_ÿmonoTelitoba uSualo kavSirSia<br />
monofizitobasTan. Tumca eklesiis mier monofizitobas ukve<br />
didi xnis (V s.) winaT hqonda ganaCeni gamotanili, magram VI-VII<br />
ss-Sic mas mravali mimdevari hyavda.<br />
monoTelitebi amtkicebdnen, rom qristeSi erTi neba da erTi<br />
RmrTeebrivi qmedebaa, xolo RmerTkacis adamianur nebasa da<br />
moqmedebas ar cnobdnen. aseTi gadasvla monofizitobidan monoTelitobaSi<br />
bunebrivia. sinamdvileSi monofizituri swavleba<br />
qristes erTi (RmrTeebrivi) bunebis Sesaxeb da misi kacobrivi<br />
bunebis uaryofa, TavisTavad qristes erTi (RmrTeebrivi) nebis<br />
aRiarebasa da misi adamianuri nebis uaryofasac niSnavda. erT<br />
bunebas aucileblad erTi neba unda hqonoda. TviT marTlmadidebelTa<br />
Sorisac aRmoCndnen iseTebi, romlebic araswori<br />
msjelobiT monoTelitobis aRiarebamde midiodnen da umecrebis<br />
gamo eklesiis dogmatur gansazRvrebebs ver iTvaliswinebdnen.<br />
nestorianobasTan da monofizitobasTan brZolaSi eklesiam<br />
xom Tavisi marTlmadidebluri swavleba gamoxata: nestorianobis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod RmerTkacis erTi piri (hipostasi)<br />
daamtkica, xolo monofizitobis sawinaaRmdegod _ qristes orbunebovneba.<br />
maTi mcdari azriT ki: `ufali Cveni ieso qriste<br />
ganxorcielebis Semdegac erTi piri da erTi hi postasia sruly<br />
ofili ori bunebiTÿ_ÿSeurwymelad da ganuyoflad; orive<br />
bunebis Tavisebureba erT pirsa da erT hipostasSi SeerTda;<br />
amitom Cven qristes axali saxiT, xorcieli survilebisa da adamianuri<br />
gulisTqmis gareSe, vaRiarebT da masSi erT hipostasur<br />
nebasa da qmedebas vcnobT~. magram es mo noTelitoba iyo da ara<br />
WeSmaritiÿ_ marTlmadidebluri swav le ba, Tumca ki igi <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
eklesiis swavlebidan gamohyavdaT. swori eklesiuri swavleba<br />
ki qristes ori nebis (RmrTeebrivisa da adamianuris) aRiarebaSi<br />
mdgomareobda: Tuki qristeSi ori srulyofili bunebaa<br />
yvela sakuTari TvisebiT, maSin, cxadia, am or bunebas Tav-Tavisi<br />
RmrTeebrivi da adamianuri nebac eqneba, sxvagvarad isini arasrulyofilni<br />
da aucilebel Tvisebebs moklebulni iqnebodnen.<br />
monoTelitobam farTo gavrceleba mxolod iraklis im-<br />
peratorobis dros moipova, romelmac am mwvaleblobis saSualebiT<br />
imperiis politikuri erTobis ganmtkiceba ganizraxa.<br />
imperators surda monofizitebi marTlmadideblobasTan<br />
Se e rigebina. igi imedovnebda, rom Tuki monofizitebTan raime<br />
daTmobaze wavidoda da eklesiSi qristes erTi nebis Sesaxeb<br />
swavlebas Seitanda, amiT isini dakmayofildebodnen da marTlmadideblur<br />
sazogadoebas dauaxlovdebodnen. amave dros, mas<br />
gulubryvilod sjeroda, rom amgvari daTmobiT arc marTlmadideblobis<br />
ZiriTadi Sexedulebebi daziandeboda. imperator<br />
iraklis am saqmianobaSi konstantinepolis patriarqi sergic<br />
xels uwyobda; masTan erTad mTavari moqmedi piri kolxeTis<br />
mitropoliti kvirosic 11 yofila.<br />
monofizitebisa da marTlmadideblebis SeerTebis gziT Tavisi<br />
politikuri miznebis gansaxorcieleblad, imperatorma egvipteSi<br />
monoTelituri unia SemoiRo (633 w.), sadac am dros aleqsandriis<br />
patriarqad ukve kvirosi iyo dadgenili. aleqsandriaSi unias<br />
aTasobiT monofiziti miemxro. kvirosma sarwmunoebis aRsareba<br />
gamosca, romelic TiTqos Semrigebluri xasiaTisa iyo, magram<br />
rogori misaRebic ar unda yofiliyo mono fizitebisaTvis, mar-<br />
Tlmadideblebs ver daakmayofilebda. magaliTad, aRsarebaSi<br />
aseTi gamonaTqvamebi iyo aRreuli: qristeSi miviCnevT ori nebis<br />
SeerTebas `fizikurad (azri monofizi turia) da hipostasurad<br />
(azri marTlmadidebluria)~; qriste `ori bunebiT ganiWvriteba~<br />
(azri monofizituria); kidev: `ganxorcielebuli RmerTi-sityva<br />
erTi bunebisaa~ (sruli monof.), qr isteSi `erTi Sezavebuli hipostasia~<br />
(sruli marTlm.); `qri ste evno rogorc erTi, aseve meore<br />
bunebiTac~ (monofiz.) da kvlav monoTelituri swavleba: `erTi da<br />
igive qriste da Ze RmrTisa, imas, rac RmrTisa da kacis Sesabamisia,<br />
iqmoda erTi Rme rTmamakacebri 12 qmedebiT~.<br />
11 dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis kvirosis pirovneba SeiZleba kvlevis<br />
obieqtad iqces, mas Cveni wyaro kolxeTis monofizit mitropolitad ixseniebs<br />
VII s. 20-ian wlebSi; SemdegSi igi aleqsandriis patriarqi gamxdara.<br />
12 gamoTqma `RmerTmamakacebri~ (Богомужное) qmedeba, rogorc etyoba,<br />
monoTelitur swavlebas gamoxatavs; monofizitebma igi dionise areopagelis<br />
saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebidan aiRes, magram masSi cru<br />
azri Cades, gansxvavebuli im mniSvnelobisgan, romelic mas dasaxelebul<br />
TxzulebebSi hqonda.
48 VI krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
49<br />
cxadia, marTlmadideblebisTvis amgvar azrebze dafuZnebuli<br />
uniis gaziareba SeuZlebeli iyo. Sexeda ra patriarqma sergim<br />
marTlmadidebelTa damokidebulebas eretikuli swavlebisadmi,<br />
poziciis gasaZliereblad romis pap honoriusTan daamyara<br />
urTierToba. honoriusi gamoucdeli RmrTismetyveli aRmoCnda<br />
da sergis mier dagebul eretikul badeSi advilad gaixlarTa.<br />
male papma honoriusmac Tavisi Tavi mo no Telitad gamoacxada.<br />
eklesiaSi Seqmnili mRelvarebis dasacxrobad 638 wels imperatorma<br />
iraklim gamosca brZaneba, romelic qristes ori da<br />
erTi nebis Sesaxeb davas krZalavda da marTebulad erTi nebis<br />
Sesaxeb swavlebas aRiarebda. iraklis imperatorobis wlebma<br />
davasa da mousvenrobaSi gaiara; eklesiaSi mSvidoba dairRva.<br />
aseT mdgomareobaSi gamefda axali imperatori konstanti II,<br />
romelmac winamorbedis gza gaagrZela da monoTelitobis gasamarjveblad<br />
axali religiuri brZaneba gamosca, romelic davis<br />
gamomwvevs qonebis CamorTmeviTa da gadasaxlebiT emuqreboda<br />
da romliTac eretikul partias Tavisi uf lebebis ganmtkiceba<br />
da marTlmadideblobis Seviwroeba hqonda ganzraxuli. am<br />
droebas Tanamedrove ase aRwers: `ierarqebi eresiarqebad<br />
iqcnen da nacvlad mSvidobisa SfoTi SehqondaT xalxSi, eklesiis<br />
yanaSi xorblis magier RvarZls Tesdnen; Rvino (WeSmariteba)<br />
Seuries wyals (eress) da moyvass mRvrie narevs asmevdnen;<br />
mgeli batknad miiCneoda da batkani mglad; sicrue iTvleboda<br />
WeSmaritebad da WeSmariteba sicrued; biwiereba STanTqmas<br />
upirebda keTilmsaxurebas. eklesiis yvela saqme daixlarTa~.<br />
am dros marTlmadideblobas monoTelitobisagan mTavar<br />
damcvelad ierusalimis patriarqi wm. sofroni gamouCnda. igi<br />
marTlmadideblur swavlebas saocari siZlieriTa da naTeli<br />
gansazRvrebebiT gadmoscemda. sxva patriarqebisadmi dagzavnil<br />
epistoleebSi sofroni werda: vaRiarebT ra qristes<br />
RmrTeebrivi da kacobrivi bunebis mqoned, Cven vqadagebT, rom<br />
igi RmerTicaa da kacic; ori bunebiT Sezavebuli, da mrCoblia<br />
bunebebTan damokidebulebaSi da bunebrivad aRasrulebs imas,<br />
rac damaxasiaTebelia rogorc erTi da aseve meore bunebisaTvis,<br />
erTisa da meorisaTvis niSandoblivi arsebiTi TvisebebiTa<br />
da bunebrivi Taviseburebebis ZaliT. bunebaTa oroba<br />
moqmedebis orobaSi gamoixateba: `emanueli, iyo ra erTi, da<br />
erTi da igiveÿ_ÿerTica da meorec, anu RmerTica da kacic, WeSmaritad<br />
aRasrulebs rogorc erTi, aseve meore bunebisTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebel qmedebas; erTs _ erTgvarad da meoresÿ_ sxvagvarad.<br />
rogorc RmerTi RmrTeebriv qmedebas aRasrulebda,<br />
rogorc adamianiÿ_ÿadamianurs~. epistolesTvis gansakuTrebiT<br />
niSandoblivia, rom sofroni mono Telitebs pirdapir ar asaxelebs,<br />
pirovnebebs simdabliT gve rds uvlis da WeSmaritebis<br />
dasacavad dgeba. magram mahmadianTa batonobam mas didxans ver<br />
SeaZlebina rwmenis sadarajoze yofna, ierusalimis eklesia<br />
qristianul aRmosavleTTan kavSirs mowyda. wm. sofroni 640<br />
wels gardaicvala.<br />
sofronis Semdeg marTlmadideblobis samsaxurSi dgeba wm.<br />
maqsime aRmsarebeli. mas Tavidan imperatoris mdivnis maRali<br />
saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba eWira, Semdeg ki berad aRikveca da<br />
konstantinepolis erT-erTi monastris iRumeni gaxda. marTalia,<br />
maqsimes dabali ierarqiuli xarisxi hqonda, magram episkoposebTan<br />
msjelobis drosac ki Tavisi sibrZniT yvelaze<br />
maRla idga. mas Semdeg, rac konstantinepoli mono TelitobiT<br />
dasneulda, maqsimem dedaqalaqi datova da xan afrikasa da xan<br />
romSi cxovrobda. sayuradReboa misi paeqroba konstantinepolis<br />
yofil patriarq pirosTan (afrikaSi 645 w.); marTlmadideblobis<br />
damcvel maqsimesa da monoTelitobis damcvel piross<br />
Soris kamaTi sajarod gaimarTa, romelsac TviT provinciis<br />
mefis nacvali da mravali episkoposi daeswro.<br />
Sexvedraze dialogi pirosma daiwyo: `ra gagikeTeT me da<br />
Cemma wi namorbedma (patriarqma sergim) iseTi, rom yvelgan<br />
eretikosebad gamogyavarT?~ÿ_ÿmaqsime: `mas Semdeg, rac Tqven<br />
SeryveniT qristianuli swavleba, me Tavi valdebulad Ca vTvale<br />
TqvenTan keTili damokidebulebis SenarCunebas WeSmariteba<br />
merCia. Tqveni swavleba erTi nebis Sesaxeb qristianobis<br />
sawinaaRmdegoa, radgan mkrexelobaa, roca amtkicebT, rom<br />
is neba, romelmac yovelive Seqmna, gankacebis Semdeg Wamasa<br />
da smas eswrafoda~.ÿ_ÿpirosi: `Tu qriste erTi piria, maSin<br />
mas surs is, rac erT pirs. aqedan gamomdinare, masSi mxolod<br />
erTi nebaa~.ÿ_ÿmaqsime: `es aRrevaa. marTalia, qriste erTia<br />
hipostasurad, magram amave dros igi RmerTi da adamiania da<br />
Tuki bunebaTa orobas erT qristeSi ganyofa ar Seaqvs, es ar
50 VI kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 680 w.<br />
51<br />
niSnavs imas, rom nebisa da qmedebis orobam aseT erTianobamde<br />
migviyvanos~.ÿ_ÿpirosi: `moqmedebebs, nestoris swavlebiT, pire<br />
bi Seesabameba; amitom Tqven ori qmedebis swavlebiT nestorianobaSi<br />
vardebiT~.ÿ_ÿmaqsime: `upirveles yovlisa, nestori<br />
qristeSi ori piris aRiarebiT mxolod erT nebas uSvebda;<br />
magram isec rom yofiliyo, rogorc Sen ambob, rom pirebi moqmedebebs<br />
Seesabameba, maSin piriqiTac unda iyos, pirebsac unda<br />
Seesabamebodes qmedebani; da Tuki asea, maSin Sen samebaSi sami<br />
piris gamo sami qmedeba unda cno, da masSi erTi qmedebis gamo<br />
mxolod erTi piri unda miiCnio~...<br />
mTeli paeqrobis ganmavlobaSi maqsime gansakuTrebuli gam-<br />
WriaxobiT uaryofda monoTelitur swavlebas da gadauWrel<br />
winaaRmdegobebSi amxelda maT Sexedulebebs. `Tuki qris tes<br />
erT qmedebas iRebT, rogori unda iyos igi,ÿRmrTeebrivi Tu<br />
kacobrivi, Tu arc erTi da arc meore?~ÿ_ÿkiTxulobda maqsime.<br />
`Tuki RmrTeebrivia, maSin gamodis, rom qriste mxolod RmerTi<br />
iyo; Tuki adamianuria, maSin is iyo mxolod adamiani; Tuki misi<br />
qmedeba arc RmrTeebrivia da arc adamianuri, maSin qriste arc<br />
RmerTi iyo da arc adamiani~. Semdeg: `ras daarqmev, Sen, am erT<br />
qmedebas, _ ekiTxeboda maqsime, _ Seqmnils Tu Seuqmnels? Tu<br />
Seqmnils (Sobils), maSin erTi qmedeba unda miekuTvnos mxolod<br />
qristes Seqmnil bunebas; meore SemTxvevaSi igi unda miuTiTebdes<br />
mxolod mis Seuqmnel (WeSmarit-RmrTeebriv) bunebaze; magram rogor<br />
SeiZleba Seqmnili bunebis qmedeba Seuqmneli bunebis qmedeba<br />
iyos da piriqiT~. maqsimes upiratesoba aSkara iyo.<br />
maqsimesTan erTad cru swavlebas romis papi wm. martinec<br />
ebrZoda. man xelisuflebisagan mravali Seuracxyofa, sapyrobileebSi<br />
Treva da tanjva-wameba gadaitana, da sabolood 655 w.<br />
gadasaxlebaSi amoxda suli. pap martinesTan erTad Se pyrobil<br />
iqna maqsimec. igi konstantinepolSi Caiyvanes, yovelgvari gansjis<br />
gareSe gaasamarTles, xaris ZarRvebiT awames, ena Ziramde<br />
amoglijes da marjvena xeli mokveTes; ase dasaxiCrebuli maqsime<br />
konstantinepolis mravalricxovan kvartlebSi gaatares. amis<br />
Semdeg ki kolxeTSi gadaasaxles, sadac aRasrula kidec Tavisi<br />
mravaltanjuli cxovreba. 13<br />
iraklisa da konstantis mTeli mefobis ganmavlobaSi, ro-<br />
melic xangrZlivi gamodga (pirveli 610-641 ww., meore 641-669 ww.),<br />
marTlmadideblobasTan brZola ar damcxrala, magram mizani,<br />
risTvisac ibrZodnen, ar xorcieldeboda. brZolis Sedegi mxolod<br />
eklesiis saqmeebis areva iyo. keTilgoniereba iTxovda<br />
saero xerxebis uaryofas, romliTac TiTqos eklesiis erTobis<br />
miRweva surdaT, maSin roca, eklesiis dasamSvideblad isev<br />
eklesiisaTvis unda miemarTaT. am keTili azris ganxorcielebas<br />
Seudga swored axali imperatori konstantine pogonati. man<br />
gadawyvita eklesiis mTavrebi da samRvdeloeba WeSmaritebis<br />
gasarkvevad Seekriba.<br />
meeqvse <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba<br />
(konstantinepoli, 680 w.)<br />
am krebas, romelic imperatorma konstantine pogonatma moiwvia,<br />
eswrebodnen: konstantinepolis patriarqi giorgi, antioqiis<br />
patriarqi makari, aleqsandriis patriarqs warmoadgenda<br />
xucesi petre, xolo ierusalimisasÿ_ÿxucesi Teodore. papis<br />
warmogzavnilebi Teodore da giorgi xucesebi da diakoni ioane<br />
iyvnen. sul krebas 153 episkoposi an maTi warmomadgeneli daeswro.<br />
sxdomebis umetes nawils TviT imperatoric eswreboda.<br />
kreba sasaxlis im darbazSi Catarda, romelsac kamariseburi<br />
Weris gamo trulis darbazi ewodeboda. sul 18 sxdoma Catarda,<br />
rasac TiTqmis weliwadi dasWirda.<br />
krebis saqmianoba or nawilad iyofa: erTi mxriv, yuradRebiTa<br />
da dawvrilebiT iqna gamokvleuli monoTeliti eretikosebis<br />
cru swavleba, xolo meore mxriv, krebam jerovani<br />
gamo rkvevis safuZvelze mwvaleblobis sawinaaRmdegod mimar-<br />
Tuli marTlmadidebluri swavleba gadmosca.<br />
monoTelitobis ZiriTadi damcveli antioqiis patriarqi<br />
makari iyo, romelsac Tavidan konstantinepolis patriarqi<br />
giorgic TanaugrZnobda. roca krebam makaris misi swavlebis<br />
damamtkicebeli sabuTis warmodgena mosTxova, man mesame<br />
__________________________<br />
13 cnobebi Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis<br />
Sesaxeb `wamebis~ teqstTan erTad ix.: k. kekeliZe, etiudebi III, Tb., 1955.<br />
gv. 271-310.
52 VI kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 680 w.<br />
53<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebis oqmidan kirile aleqsandrieli daimowma, romelic<br />
TiTqos monoTelitobas asabuTebda: `ufali Cveni ieso<br />
qri ste... misgan mefeni mefoben da Zlierni qmnian simarTles,<br />
ro gorc naTqvamia werilSi, radgan neba misi yovlisSemZlea~.<br />
makarim wamoiZaxa: `ai, Cemi mtkiceba, rom qristeSi erTi nebaa!~<br />
kreba ki ambobda: `wm. kiriles, am sityvebis werisas, mxolod<br />
RmrTeebrivi buneba hqonda mxedvelobaSi, romelic saerToa<br />
mamisTvisac da suliwmidisTvisac da amitomac yovlisSemZlea.<br />
ieso qristes RmrTeebriv bunebaze saubrisas, kirilem nebasac,<br />
romelic am bunebas ekuTvnoda, yovlisSemZle uwoda. aq laparaki<br />
ar aris imaze, qristeSi neba erTia Tu ori~. monoTelitobis<br />
samxileblad papi leonis epistoledan erTi adgili waikiTxes:<br />
`erTica da meore bunebac urTierTkavSiriT bunebisTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebel moqmedebebs avlens: sityva moqmedebs ise, rogorc<br />
damaxasiaTebelia sityvisaTvis, sxeuli ki ise, rogorcÿ_<br />
ÿsxeulisaTvis, erTi maTgani saswaulebiT brwyinavs, meore ki<br />
damcirebas ganicdis~. eretikuli Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare<br />
makari am adgils Taviseburad kiTxulobda: `me or moqmedebas<br />
ar vaRiareb da ara mgonia, rom wm. leoni am sityvebSi or<br />
moqmedebaze laparakobdes~. roca mas sTxoves, ufro naTlad<br />
ganemarta, rasac ambobda, makarim upasuxa: `me ar vTvli saWirod,<br />
rom vimsjelo~.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom makari Tavisi monoTelituri swavlebis<br />
meryeobasa da usafuZvlobas mTeli sicxadiT xedavda, ukan mainc<br />
ar ixevda. mas sicilieli beri Teofane SeekamaTa da hkiTxa:<br />
`hqonda Tu ara ieso qristes adamianuri neba?~ _ makari: `Cven<br />
qristeSi adamianur nebas ar vuSvebT, RmrTeebrivs _ ki, amave<br />
dros xorcieli survilebisa da adamianuri gulisTqmis gareSe;<br />
neba qristeSi mxolod RmrTeebas ekuTvnoda~; _ Teofane:<br />
`rogor gesmiT xorcieli survili da adamianuri gulisTqma,<br />
romelsac qristeSi ar aRiarebT?~ÿ_ÿmakari: `xorcieli survilebi<br />
da adamianuri gulisTqmani Cvennairi adamianebisTvisaa<br />
damaxasiaTebeli da qristeSi ar iyo~. Teofane sruliad<br />
daeTanxma, rom kacobrivi zraxvebi , anu codvili survilebi da,<br />
erTi sityviT, yvelaferi is, ramac ki adamiani codviT dacemis<br />
Semdeg daamZima, qristeSi ar iyo, magram amave dros SeniSna, rom<br />
saqme exeba qristes ara im adamianur nebas, romelic codvil<br />
adamianSia, aramed im nebas, romelic adamSi codviT dacemamde<br />
iyo. aseTi neba ki qristeSi aucileblad unda yofiliyo, radgan<br />
man sruli adamianuri buneba SeiTvisa. aseTi Zlieri argumentisagan<br />
rom Tavi daeRwia, makarim, romelsac jiutad ar surda<br />
qristeSi adamianuri nebis aRiareba adamis codviT dacemamdec,<br />
Teofanes SekiTxvas _ hqonda Tu ara adams bunebrivi nebaÿ_<br />
ÿupasuxa: `adams TviTneburi da Tavisufali neba hqonda imitom,<br />
rom danaSaulamde mas RmrTeebrivi neba hqonda, surda is, rac<br />
surda RmerTs~. am sa kvirveli azris sawinaaRmdegod mTelma<br />
krebam xma aRimaRla: `rogori uSveri RmrTisgmobaa! Tuki adams<br />
dacemamde RmrTeebrivi neba gaaCnda, maSin gamodis, rom igi<br />
RmerTis erTarsi iyo da misi neba ucvlelia. da Tuki es asea,<br />
ma Sin rogorRa Seicvala, rogor daarRvia mcneba da rogorRa<br />
ganicada sikv dili? RmrTeebrivi nebis mqone ucvlelia~.<br />
kreba Teofanes daeTanxma. makaris arc ise mcirericxovani<br />
eretikuli Txzulebebis ganxilvisa da gansjisaTvis krebas bevri<br />
muSaoba mouxda. yuradRebas iqcevs misi aRiareba, romelSic<br />
mwvaleblis ZiriTadi Sexedulebebia gadmocemuli da amave<br />
dros Cans, Tu riT gansxvavdebian isini monofizitobisgan. makari<br />
werda: `Cven ar vambobT, rom qristes sxeuli RmrTeebriv<br />
bunebad gadaiqca; SeerTebis Semdeg bunebiTi gansxvaveba sulac<br />
ar ispoba, ufro metic,ÿ_ÿorive bunebis Tavisebureba erT<br />
pirsa da erT hipostasSia Senar Cune bu li~, _ÿda eretikosebs:<br />
apolinars, evtiqisa da dioskores pirdapir SeaCvenebda. makaris<br />
eretikuli swavlebis safuZvels Rme rTkacis piris, anu<br />
hipostasis marTlmadidebluri swavlebis araswori ganmarteba<br />
warmoadgens. es misi `aRiarebis~ Semdegi adgilebidanac Cans:<br />
`SeuZlebelia, rom erT qriste RmerTSi erTdroulad ori neba<br />
iyos, gind urTierTsawinaaRmdego da gind savsebiT erTnairi.<br />
eklesiis swavleba gadmogvcems, rom uflis sxeuli, masTan<br />
SeerTebuli sityva-RmerTis brZanebis gareSe, sakuTar bunebriv<br />
moZraobas calke da sakuTari mizanswrafviT arasodes ar<br />
asrulebs; pirdapir rom vTqvaT: iseve rogorc Cveni sxeuli<br />
imarTeba, irTveba da wesrigdeba gonieri da moazrovne sulis<br />
mier, aseve ufal qristeSic mTel mis adamianur Semadgenlobas<br />
yovelTvis da yvelaferSi TviT sityvis RmrTeebrioba<br />
marTavs~. am ukanaskneli mosazrebidan gamomdinare, makari
54 VI kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 680 w.<br />
55<br />
Tavis monoTelitur swavlebas sworad miiCnevda. `ganxorcielebuli<br />
RmerTi-sityva, _ ambobs igi, _ ar aRasrulebs arc<br />
RmrTeebrivsÿ_ÿrogorc RmerTi da arc adamianursÿ_ÿrogorc<br />
adamiani, aramed raRac axal, RmerTkacis qmedebas da mTel am<br />
qmedebas cxovelmyofelobiT avlens. igi Cvens xsnas mxolod<br />
RmrTeebrivi nebiT aRasrulebs~. am werilobiT aRiarebas makari<br />
sityvierad amatebs: `me ver vityvi, rom Cveni ufali ieso<br />
qristes ganxorcielebis gangebulebaSi ori bunebrivi neba an<br />
ori bunebrivi qmedeba iyos, Tundac rom nawil-nawil amkuwon<br />
da zRvaSi gadamagdon~. Semdeg makarim sami gragnili warmoadgina.<br />
kreba iZulebuli Seiqna, rom mwvaleblis mier mamaTa<br />
swavlebidan moxmobili adgilebi dedniseuli teqstebisTvis<br />
Seedarebina, ris Sedegadac aRmoCnda, rom mas mamaTa mowmobani<br />
mTlian teqstTan daukavSireblad da arasrulad hqonda warmodgenili.<br />
roca kreba makaris SeekiTxa, wm. mamaTa teqstebis<br />
damowmebis dros saWiro adgilebi ratom gamotova, utifrad<br />
ganacxada, rom man mxolod is adgilebi moiyvana, romelnic<br />
Tavisi swavlebis dasamtkiceblad sWirdeboda. radgan krebam<br />
makaris sijiutesTan veraferi gaawyo, xarisxi CamoarTva da<br />
SeaCvena igi. imperators gadaeca Txovna, makaris konstantinepolidan<br />
gaZevebis Taobaze. mis adgilze antioqiis patriarqad<br />
Teofane iqna dadgenili. roca makaris gragnilis siyalbis<br />
mxilebis Semdeg usafuZvloba monoTelitobisa cxadi gaxda, am<br />
partiis zogierTma wevrma mxari marTlmadideblebs dauWira<br />
da krebas `sarwmunoebis aRsareba~ warudgina. isini eklesiis<br />
namdvil wevrebad cnes.<br />
monoTelitur cru swavlebas agreTve beri poliqroniosic<br />
icavda. imis dasamtkiceblad, rom WeSmariti rwmena hqonda,<br />
ganacxada, rom mkvdars aRadgenda. rasakvirvelia, es oini iyo,<br />
magram kreba mis winadadebas mainc daTanxmda. yvelani moedanze<br />
Seikribnen. ra Tqma unda, saswauli ar momxdara da xalxma axali<br />
simon mogvis SeCveneba moiTxova. macdunebelsa da aSkara mwvalebels<br />
wmida xarisxi CamoerTva.<br />
ukanaskneli eretikosi, visTanac krebas piradad mouxda<br />
dapirispireba, sirieli xucesi konstantine iyo. igi ori nebis<br />
magier, xmarobda gamoTqmas: ori Tviseba. sxvaTa Soris mas hkiTxes:<br />
`e. i. jvarcmis Semdeg adamianurma bunebam qriste datova?~<br />
konstantinem upasuxa: `masTan adamianuri buneba ar darCenila,<br />
aramed igi xorcTan da sixlTan erTad ganSorda, radganac<br />
aRar hqonda saWiroeba eWama, esva, sZineboda da ev lo~. bundovani<br />
pasuxis miuxedavad gamodioda, rom igi Tundac droebiT<br />
(Sobidan jvarcmamde), magram qristes ori nebis ar sebobas mainc<br />
uSvebda. konstantines hkiTxes, qristeSi erTi nebis arsebobas<br />
saidan amtkicebda, Tuki mas vnebamde RmrTeebrivi nebaca da adamianuri<br />
nebac gaaCnda. man upasuxa: `Tumca qristeSi RmrTeebrivi<br />
nebis garda adamianuric iyo, magram igi ukve masSi aRar aris.<br />
qristem igi datova da sisxlsa da xorcTan erTad ganiZarcva~.<br />
konstantines monoTelitoba eWvs ar iwvevda, mxolod imis<br />
garkveva iyo saWiro, Tu `rad darCa qristes xorci da sisxli?~<br />
konstantinem am kiTxvasac bundovani pasuxi gasca: `qristem igi<br />
ganiZarcva~.ÿ_ÿkreba isev SeekiTxa: `da sxeulTan erTad adamianuri<br />
nebac ganiZarcva?~ ko nstantinem da amowma: `diax, batonebo,<br />
nebac~. eretikosi Se Cvenebul iqna.<br />
krebam monoTelitobis moTaveebis: sergis, honoriusis,<br />
pirosisa da kvirosis naSromebic ganixila. gamoiZies da sapatriarqo<br />
biblioTekidan gamoitanes monoTelituri naSro mebi<br />
da rogorc sulisTvis mavne swavlebani cecxls misces isini.<br />
biblioTekaSi agreTve aRmoaCines mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> kre bis<br />
saqmeebSi Cadebuli nayalbevi monoTelituri Sinaarsis dokumentebi,<br />
maSin roca, mexuTe krebis dros (VI s-Si) nebelobis<br />
Sesaxeb sakiTxic ki ar dasmula. am saqmeSi mxilebulma, antioqiis<br />
patriarqis, makaris mowafem, giorgim, aRiara, rom es yalbi<br />
CanarTebi makarisa da stefanesgan modioda.<br />
gadavideT krebis saqmianobis meore nawilis mimoxilvaze.<br />
mas Semdeg, roca krebam yvela monoTelituri Txzuleba<br />
guldasmiT ganixila, saWiro iyo eresis sawinaaRmdegod mar-<br />
Tlmadideblobis WeSmaritebis gamocxadeba, rac VI <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis gvirgvins warmoadgenda. sarwmunoebis gansazRvrebas<br />
meSvide saukunis ori SesaniSnavi RmrTismetyveluri Txzuleba<br />
daedo safuZvladÿ_ÿierusalimis patriarqis sofronis sazogado<br />
epistole da papi agaTonis epistole, romelic man VI<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebis mamebs gaugzavna. sofronis swavlebas wina<br />
TavSi gavecaniT, axla ki agaTonis ramdenime SesaniSnav na azrevs<br />
warmovadgenT: `vaRiarebT, rom qristes TiToeul bu nebas Ta
56 VI kreba<br />
konstantinepoli, 680 w.<br />
57<br />
visi bunebrivi Tvisebebi aqvs, RmrTeebrivs yvela Rm r Teebrivi<br />
Tviseba, adamianurs kiÿ_ÿyvela adamianuri, garda codvisa. magram<br />
vaRiarebT ra erT ufal iesoSi or bunebas, or bunebriv<br />
nebas, Cven ar vaswavliT, rom isini erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegoa<br />
da mtruli, rogorc amas WeSmaritebis gzidan gadacdenilni<br />
mociqulTa gadmocemas abraleben; ar vaswavl iT, rom TiTqos<br />
isini or pirad an hipostasad iyvnen gayof i lni, aramed vambobT,<br />
rom erTsa da imave ufal qristeSi aris ro gorc ori<br />
buneba, aseve ori bunebrivi neba da qmedeba, anu RmrTeebrivi<br />
da kacobrivi, rom RmrTeebrivi neba da qmedeba mas dasabamidan<br />
saerTo aqvs erTarsi mamisa, kacobrivi ki mi iRo Cvengan Cvens<br />
bunebasTan erTad droSi. rogorc erT qris teSi SeerTebuli<br />
bunebani oria, aseve WeSmaritad oria ma Ti qmedebac, romlebic<br />
TavTavianTi bunebiT erTi da imave uf ali ieso qristesTvisaa<br />
damaxasiaTebeli~. Semdeg: `roca amtkiceben, rom qristeSi<br />
erTi nebaa (rac uazrobaa), maSin aucilebelia, rom amis damamtkiceblebma<br />
igi an RmrTeebrivad, an adamianurad, an orivesgan<br />
Sedgeniladÿ_ÿSereulad da Serwy mu lad miiCnion, an (rogorc<br />
yvela eretikosi aRiarebs) unda CaTvalon,rom qristes erTi<br />
neba da erTi qmedeba erTi Sedgenili bunebidan gamomdinare<br />
aqvs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, aq is bunebrivi gansxvaveba ispoba, romlis<br />
SenarCunebac aucilebelia, rogorc es wm. krebebma daamtkices<br />
da misi dacva sak virveli SeerTebis Semdegac gvibrZanes.<br />
Tumca isini aswavlidnen, rom qriste erTia da erTia misi piri<br />
anu hipostasi, swored bunebaTa hipostasuri SeerTebis mizeziT,<br />
magram amave dros gvaswavles, rom TviT bunebaTa gansxvaveba<br />
SevicnoT da viqadagoT. amrigad, Tuki erTsa da imave ufal<br />
ieso qriste Si bunebaTa Tvisebebi gansxvavebis mizeziT SenarCunebulia,<br />
maSin misi bunebiTi nebelobebis gansvavebis aRiareba<br />
saWiroa mTeli rwmeniT, raTa qristes eklesiaSi araviTari<br />
eretikuli siaxle ar davuSvaT~.<br />
VI krebaze miRebuli sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvreba ase<br />
gamoiTqmis:<br />
wmida mamaTa swavlebis Tanaxmad vaRiarebT, rom masSi (qri -<br />
s teSi) ori bunebrivi ndoma anu nebaa ganuyoflad, uc vlelad,<br />
ganuyrelad, Seurwymelad da ara urTierTsawi na aRmdego ori<br />
neba, rogorc amas biwieri eretikosebi am bobdnen, da nurc iqneba!<br />
magram misi adamianuri neba uT mobs, ar ewinaaRmdegeba an win ar<br />
aRudgeba, aramed emo rCileba mis RmrTeebrivsa da yo vlisSemZle<br />
nebas. vamtki cebT, rom erTsa da imave Cvens uf al ieso qristeSi,<br />
Cvens WeSmarit RmerTSi, ori bunebrivi qmedebaa ganuyoflad da<br />
ucvlelad, ganuyrelad, Seurwymelad. Cven vaRiarebT (qristes)<br />
or bunebriv nebasa da qmedebas, erTmaneTSi TanxmobiT Se Tavsebulebs<br />
adamianTa modgmis gadasarCenad.<br />
imperator konstantines kiTxvas: `dae, wmida da <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebam Tqvas, es gansazRvreba yvela episkoposis TanxmobiTaa<br />
miRebuli?~ mamebma upasuxes: `yvelas ase gvwams, yvela ase vfiqrobT,<br />
yvelam xeli movawereT TanxmobiTa da TanagrZnobiT,<br />
yvelas marTlmadideblurad gvwams; vinc iqadaga, qadagebs an<br />
iqadagebs ganxorcielebuli qriste RmerTis erT nebasa da erT<br />
qmedebas, anaTema!~<br />
meeqvse <strong>msoflio</strong> krebasTan mWidro kavSirSia e.w. mexuTemeeqvse<br />
anu gumbaTis kreba, romlis gansazRvrebebi aRmosavleTis<br />
eklesiisTvis <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong>s gansazRvrebebis Tanasworad<br />
iTvleba. es kreba mexuTe-meeqvsed iwodeba imitom, rom<br />
aq Sedgenil iqna wesebi, romelic eklesiis mdgomareo basa da<br />
qristianul cxovrebas exeboda da V-VI <strong>krebebi</strong>s <strong>dogmaturi</strong><br />
gansazRvrebebis damatebebs warmoadgenda. is trulis anu gumba-<br />
Tis krebad iwodeba imitom, rom konstantinepolSi, imperatoris<br />
sasaxlis im darbazSi Seikriba, romelic trulis anu gumbaTis<br />
saxels atarebda. 14 kreba Catarda imperator iustiniane II mefobis<br />
dros, 691 an 692 wels. mas konstantinepolis patriarqi pavle<br />
Tavmjdomareobda; krebas eswrebodnen aleq sandriis, antioqiisa<br />
da ierusalimis patriarqebi, romis papis magier kiÿ_ÿmis<br />
mier uflebamosili mitropo liti vasili. sul gansazRvrebebs<br />
213 mama awerda xels. krebis mizani imaSi mdgomareobda, rom<br />
V da VI <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong>s gansazRvrebebi Seevso, radgan arc<br />
erTsa da arc meore krebaze praqtikul sakiTxebze eklesiis<br />
saxelmZRvanelod araviTari wesebi ar SeudgeniaT. amisi mizezi<br />
ki <strong>saeklesio</strong> saqmis moSla da morwmuneTa Soris religiuri<br />
cxovrebis dacema iyo. sul krebam 102 kanoni Seadgina. gumbaTis<br />
14 magaliTad: `kanonni konstantinopolis gumbadsa Sina sameufoÁsa<br />
palatisasa SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani~//didi sjuliskanoni, gamc. e.<br />
gabiZaSvili, e. giunaSvili, m. dolaqiZe, g. ninua, Tb., 1975. gv. 365.
58 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
59<br />
krebis kanonebi dasavleTis eklesiam ar miiRo da <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebaTa Tanasworad ar aRiara. amis mizezi ki isaa, rom gumbaTis<br />
zogierTi kanoni romis eklesiis Cveulebebisa da swavlebis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod iyo mimarTuli. magaliTad: a)ÿkrebam<br />
eklesiis saxelmZRvanelod mociqulTa 85 kanoni miiRo, xolo<br />
dasav leTmaÿ_ÿmxolod 50; b)ÿkrebam amxila romis eklesiis<br />
swavleba, romelic aucileblad Tvlida RmrTismsaxurTa dauqorwineblobas;<br />
g)ÿakrZala romis eklesiis mier SabaTobiT<br />
da wesebuli marxva; d)ÿswored romis eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
miiRo dadgenileba, romliTac eklesiebSi qristes kravis saxiT<br />
gamosaxva ikrZaleboda. amis gamo maSindelma romis papma sergim<br />
trulis krebis mier dadgenili wesebis xelmowerasa da<br />
miRebaze uari ganacxada.<br />
meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win<br />
(xatTmbrZolobis dasawyisi)<br />
xatTmbrZoloba VIII s-is dasawyisSi ganviTarda da IX s-is<br />
Sua wlebSi damTavrda. es mwvalebloba Tavisi istoriuli<br />
yofiT logikuri Sedegi iyo im davisa, romelic sazogadoebaSi<br />
RmerTkacis hipostasisa da nebelobaTa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT<br />
warmoiSva.<br />
xatTmbrZolebi ara TavianT Tavs, aramed xatTayvanismcemlebs<br />
anaTesavebdnen nestorianobasa da monofizitobasTan.<br />
isini acxadebdnen, rom xatTayvaniscema nestorianuli ideebis<br />
zegavleniT gamovlinda da ganviTarda. maTi TqmiT: `ferwera<br />
(religiuri) nestors gvagonebs, romelmac CvenTvis ganxorcielebuli<br />
erTi Ze da RmerTi-sityva or Zed ganyo~. meore mxriv,<br />
imave xatTmbrZolebis azriT, xatTayvaniscemis mimdevrebi monofizitur<br />
eresSi vardebodnen. `ferwera, _ÿsayvedurobdnen isini<br />
marTlmadideblebs, _ TviT dioskoresa da evtiqis gvagonebs,<br />
romlebic aswavlidnen, rom qristeSi erTmaneTs ori buneba<br />
Seerwya da Seeria. ai, fermwerma dawera qrites xati, _ ambobdnen<br />
TavianTi azris dasamtkiceblad xat TmbrZolebi,ÿ_ da es aris<br />
xati RmerTisa da adamianisa, anu aqedan gamomdinare, man Seurwymeli<br />
bunebani Searwya da Serwymis biwier cdomilebaSi aRmoCnda.<br />
aseve gmoben RmerTs xatTa Tayvanismcemlebic~. zogjer<br />
istorikosebi xatTmbrZo lobas monoTelitobas ukavSireben im<br />
mizeziT, rom bizantiis mono Telitma imperatorma filipikem sasaxlidan<br />
VI <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis monawile mamaTa gamosaxulebebis<br />
gamotana brZana; magr am es ara xatTmbrZolobis faqti, aramed<br />
mxolod monoTelitobis mowinaaRmdegeTa mimarT siZulvilis<br />
gamoxatuleba iyo, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi filipike<br />
yvela religiuri Sinaarsis gamosaxulebis gadayris brZanebas<br />
gascemda da ara mxolod VI <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis mamebisa.<br />
vnaxoT, xatTmbrZolobis ganviTarebas ra pirobebma Seuwyo<br />
xeli. Tavidan qristianebi TavianTi ideebis gamosaxatavad<br />
sxvadasxva simbolos sjerdebodnen, rogoric iyo xomaldi,<br />
qnari, mtredi an Tevzi ama Tu im qritianuli mniSvnelobiT.<br />
qritianuli xelovneba mxolod mesame saukunis bolos gadavida<br />
simboluri gamosaxvidan tipobriv gamosaxulebaze; 15 xolo IV-<br />
VI ss. ukve am movlenis ganmtkicebisa da gavrcelebis epoqaa. am<br />
drois yvela didi mama, romelmac qristianuli ganswavlulobiT<br />
gaiTqva saxeli, mxars uWers da xotbas asxams sxvadasxva pirisa<br />
da movlenis ferwerulad gamoxatvis Cveulebas, romlebic xsovnis<br />
Rirsni arian yoveli qristianisaTvis. mowame varlaamis<br />
xsenebis dRes wmida basili didi ambobs: ~axla ki warsdeqiT Cems<br />
winaSe saxelovano Rvawlmosilo mxatvrebo. Tqveni xelovnebiT<br />
SeavseT es arasruli gamosaxuleba mxedarTmTavrisa da Tqveni<br />
sibrZnis ferebiT gaaSuqeT Cems mier bundovnad warmodgenili<br />
gvirgvinosani. dae, viyo Zleuli Tqvens mier gamoxatuli<br />
mowamis gmiruli saqmeebiT; Sevxedav ra am mebrZols, Tqvens<br />
naxatze cocxlad gamosaxuls, sixaruls maniWebs fiqri Cveni<br />
amgvari simtkicis gamarjvebaze~. iseTi didi mamis mowodebam,<br />
rogoric basili iyo, imis Taobaze, rom xelovneba religiis<br />
saqmes momsaxureboda, qristianul sazogadoebaSi marTlac didi<br />
__________________________<br />
15 pirveli qristianuli eklesia, gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobis gamo,<br />
mtrulad ganwyobil warmarTul samyaroSi (pirvel sam s-Si) xSirad<br />
iZulebuli iyo, WeSmariti RmerTisaTvis alegoriebis saSualebiT dafarulad<br />
eca Tayvani. ase mag., orfeosi, romelic qnarze dakvriT mxecebs<br />
aTvinierebs, qristes niSnavda, vinc Tavisi swavlebiT adamianTa gulebs<br />
izidavs.
60 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
61<br />
gamoxmaureba hpova. rogorc wm. ioane oqropiri gvidasturebs,<br />
wm. meletis xatebi farTod yofila gavrcelebuli: wmindans<br />
Turme jamebze, beWdebze, kedlebsa da saerTod, razec ki SeiZleboda,<br />
yvelgan gamosaxavdnen, raTa masTan ganSorebis Semdeg<br />
nugeSi misi gamosaxulebis xilviT mieRoT. netari Teodorite<br />
imaves adasturebs svimeon mesvetes xatebis Sesaxeb. `amboben,<br />
rom did romSi,ÿ_ÿSeniSnavs igi,ÿ_ÿes mama imdenad ganTqmuli<br />
iyo, rom yoveli saxelosnos karibWeze mis patara gamosaxulebebs<br />
dga mdnen, radgan misgan dacvasa da mfarvelobas elodnen~.<br />
wm. grigol noseli abraamis mier isaakis Sewirvis amsaxvel<br />
gamosaxulebas cremlmoreuli uyu rebda. igi ambobs: `arc Tu<br />
iSviaTad vuyurebdi am tanjvis ferwerul gamosaxulebas. xe lo -<br />
vneba am istorias ise cocxlad warmogvidgens, rom am sanaxaobis<br />
gverdiT ucremlod arasodes Camivlia~. wm. kirile aleqsandrieli<br />
kiTxvas svams: `vin ar isurvebda enaxa dafaze asaxuli<br />
abraamis istoria, rogoradac ar unda gamoesaxa igi mxatvars,<br />
nawil-nawil Tu mTlianad?~ wmida grigol RmrTismetyveli<br />
erT-erT TxzulebaSi yveba gasaocar STabeWdilebaze, rogorsac<br />
zogjer xati axdens adamianis sulze: `viRac TavSeukavebelma<br />
axalgazrdam garyvnili qali miiwvia. rodesac qali Sesasvlels<br />
miuaxlovda da masze dasvenebul, yuradRebiT momziral wm. polemonis<br />
xats Sexeda, rogorc amboben, maSinve ukan gamobrunda;<br />
xatze gamosaxulisa ise Sercxva, rogorc cocxalis~. eklesiis<br />
sxva mamebi Tvlidnen, rom xatebi gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo iyo<br />
uwignurTa damoZRvrisaT vis. amgvari adamianebisTvis xatebi<br />
wignis magivrobas asru lebdnen. Cvens mier Seswavlili epoqis<br />
wm. mamebi mxolod xatebis sargeblobisa da mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb<br />
msjelobiT ar isazRvrebian, aramed pirdapir mouwodeben<br />
xatebis pativiscemisa da Tayvaniscemisaken. wm. basili didi<br />
ambobs: `mwams wmida winaswarmetyvelebisa, mociqulebisa da<br />
mowameebisa da movuxmob maT, raTa wardgnen RmrTis winaSe, da<br />
maTi meoxebiT RmerTi mowyale meyos me. amitom xatebze maT<br />
gamosaxulebebs pativs mivageb da Tayvansa vcem~.<br />
axla ki gavecnoT cnobebs xatebis mowinaaRmdegeTa Sesaxeb,<br />
romelTa moZRvrebac gansakuTrebiT merve saukuneSi gavrcelda.<br />
jer kidev IV saukuneSi, roca iseTi Rrmad moazrovne xatebis<br />
damcvelebi cxovrobdnen, rogorebic iyvnen basili didi,<br />
grigol RmrTismetyveli da grigol noseli, xatebis gamoyenebis<br />
pirveli mowinaaRmdegeni gamoCndnen, romelnic amave dros<br />
avtoritetul pirovnebebs warmoadgendnen. maTgan SeiZleba<br />
davasaxeloT cnobili <strong>saeklesio</strong> istorikosi, ganswavluli<br />
episkoposi kesariisaÿ_ÿevsebi. VIII saukunis xatTmbr Zo lobis<br />
istoriidan Cans, rom xatTmbrZolebi evsebis avtoritets TavianTi<br />
Sexedulebebis dasamtkiceblad namdvilad imowmebdnen.<br />
evsebis qristianobis SeuzRudveli Tvalsawie ri sa ar esmoda,<br />
romelic Tavisi keTilismyofeli gavlenis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
TviT xelovnebis dargebis kurTxevasac ki gulisxmobs, raTa<br />
maTgan religiuri interesebis msaxurebisTvis sa Wiro saSualeba<br />
Seqmnas. imave IV saukuneSi xatTmbrZolobis saboloo<br />
aRiarebamde unda misuliyo ariozelTa (evnomioselTa) seqtac,<br />
radganac igi arc wmindanebsa da arc wm. nawilebs ar aRiarebda.<br />
xatTayvaniscemis sawinaaRmdego moZraoba arc Semdeg saukuneebSi<br />
cxreba. nestorianebs da monofizitebs, rom lebic V saukuneSi<br />
warmoiSvnen, xatTmbrZoluri miswrafebebis calkeuli seqtebi<br />
gamoeyo. amgvari miswrafebani ucxo ar iyo indoeli nestorianebisTvisac,<br />
romlebic Tomistebis saxeliT arian cnobilni<br />
(es saxelwodeba indoeTis ganmanaTlebeli mociqulis, Tomas<br />
saxels ukavSirdeba). isini ebrZodnen wm. kirile aleqsandriels,<br />
rogorc nestorianobis mTavar mowinaaRmdeges. sxvaTa Soris<br />
am wm. mamas xatTayvaniscemisTvisac sayvedurobdnen, Tvlidnen<br />
ra ratomRac kiriles xatTayvaniscemis warmoSobaSi mTavar<br />
damnaSaved.<br />
nestorianebis msgavsad zogierTi monofizituri seqtac xatTa<br />
Tayvanismcemlebisadmi mtrulad iyo ganwyobili. gviandeli<br />
drois (VI-VII ss) <strong>saeklesio</strong> mwerlebi saintereso cno bebs<br />
gvawvdian, saidanac SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom xatebis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolas adgili xatTmbrZolobis epoqamdec hqonda.<br />
wmida anastasi sineli (VI s.) iZulebuli gaxda xatebis pativi<br />
romeliRac ucnobi mtrebisgan daecva, romlebic Tavs uflebas<br />
aZ lev dnen, Seuracxyofa mieyenebinaT xatebisaTvis. anastasi<br />
werda: `rogorc imperatoris portretis Seuracxmyofeli<br />
isjeba samarTlebrivi kanoniT, ise TiTqos man Seuracxyofa<br />
TviT imperators miayena, Tumca portreti sxva araferia Tu
62 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
63<br />
ara ficari da cvilTan Sereuli saRebavebi, swo red aseve, vinc<br />
wmindanis gamosaxulebas Seuracxyofs, imas Seaginebs, vinc maszea<br />
gamosaxuli~.<br />
xatTmbrZolTa mtruli damokidebulebis mizezi xatebis qristianuli<br />
Tayvaniscemisadmi SemdegSi mdgomareobda: xatebis Seqmna<br />
da Tayvaniscema ar SeiZleba, radgan Zvel aRTqmaSi israels<br />
micemuli hqonda aRTqma, ar gaekeTebina araviTari qandakeba,<br />
arc xati da arc msgavsi rame imisa, rac ki casa da de damiwaze<br />
arsebobs; marTalia, RmerTma maT qerubimebisa da cxovelTa<br />
qandakebebis gakeTeba ubrZana, magram iudevelebi gansxvavebiT<br />
qristianebisgan am gamosaxulebebs Tayvans ar scemdnen. maTi<br />
azriT, qristianebi, xatis ficars iseve eTayva ne bodnen, rogorc<br />
RmerTs, da ara mxolod xatis ficars, aramed im adg ilebsac, sadac<br />
qriste dadioda, ijda, xalxs esaubre boda, an rasac Seexo; e. i.<br />
Tayvans scemdnen ubralo adgils, saxls, qveyanas, qalaqs, qvebs.<br />
da am dros aviwydebodaT, rom arcerTi qmnilebis Tayvaniscema<br />
ar SeiZleba. isini qristianebs wminda nawilebis pativiscemisTvisac<br />
dascinodnen da masxarad igdebdnen. Tuki xatTmbr-<br />
Zolebi dainaxavdnen, rom qristianebi qristes, yovladwmida<br />
deda RmrTisas, an romelime wmindanis xats emTxveodnen, maSinve,<br />
rogorc kerpTayvanismcemlebs, lanZRviT zurgs aqcevdnen.<br />
imave VII s-is <strong>saeklesio</strong> istori ko si,ÿTesalonikis episkoposi<br />
ioane mowmobs, rom zogierTi qristianebs xatTmbrZolobis<br />
gamo warmarTebs uwodebda, da maTive piriT SeniSnavs: rogor<br />
SeiZleba xorcielad gamoisaxos RmerTiÿ_ uxilavi, RmerTiÿ_<br />
ÿsuliwmida? Tuki qristianebi Tavis gasamarTleblad ityvian,<br />
rom RmerTi xorcSesxmuli gancxadda, maSin ris safuZvelze<br />
gamosaxaven angelozebs, usxeulo sulebsa da gonier arsebebs?<br />
dabolos, mahmadianuri ganmgebloba, romelmac qristianul<br />
aRmosavleTze VII s-Si daiwyo gavrceleba, mtkiced uWerda<br />
mxars xatTmbrZolobas. barbarosi musulmanebis mier xatebze<br />
gamosaxuli saxeebisTvis Tvalebis amoCiCqna Cveulebrivi<br />
movlena gaxda.<br />
moyvanili faqtebidan Cans, rom xatTmbrZolebi xatTmbr-<br />
Zolobis moZraobis aRmavlobamdec (VII s.) iyvnen da im Zalas<br />
warmoadgendnen, romlisTvisac angariSis gaweva TviT eklesiasac<br />
marTebda. eklesiaSi jer kidev am moZraobis aRmavlobamde<br />
grZnobdnen, rom xatebs darbeva elodeboda. es winaTgrZnoba, ra<br />
Tqma unda, Seqmnili mdgomareobis safuZvelze gaCnda. yvelaze<br />
xelsayreli dro gavrcelebisTvis am mwvaleblobas imperatori<br />
leon isavrielis (717-741 ww.) mefobis periodSi daudga.<br />
dabali fenidan warmoSobil imperators ganaTlebac aklda<br />
da daxvewili manerebic. misi sayvareli saqme omi iyo da mis<br />
sazogadoebasac meomrebi Seadgendnen. mas Ti Tqos bunebiT<br />
hqonda is vandaluri monacemebi, romelic xatTmbrZolobisas<br />
gamoamJRavna. VIII s-is xatTmbrZoloba eklesiis saqmeebSi<br />
samoqalaqo xelisuflebis despotur SeWras warmoadgenda.<br />
religiur saqmeebSi sakuTari gegmebis ZaladobiT aRsruleba<br />
imperatori leonisTvis Cveulebrivi movlena gaxda. amaze naTlad<br />
metyvelebs Semdegi faqtic: taxtze asvlis meeqvse wels mas<br />
azrad mouvida, bizantiis samefoSi mcxovrebi iudevelebisa da<br />
montanistebis monaTvda da am Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad<br />
sxva saSualebas ver miagno garda Zaladobisa, ramac savalalo<br />
Sedegi gamoiRo: iudevelebma mxolod garegnulad miiRes qristianoba,<br />
ase rom, Tavs uflebas aZlevdnen wmida ziareba Wamis<br />
Semdeg mieRoT; xolo rac Seexeba montanistebs, maT ar isurves<br />
damorCileba da erT adgilze Sekre bi lebma cocxlad daiwves<br />
Tavi. amrigad, leon isavrielis pi rovnulma Tvisebebma xeli<br />
Seuwyves imas, rom xatTmbrZolTa xel Si igi darbevis iaraRad<br />
iqca.<br />
istoria xatTmbrZolTa winamZRolad frigiel episkopos<br />
konstantines asaxelebs. misi Tanamedrove eklesia pirdapir<br />
acxadebda, rom eresi (xatTmbrZolobisa) misgan momdinareobda.<br />
xatTmbrZoli ierarqebidan aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, klavdiopolis<br />
(mcire azia) episkoposi Toma, romelmac pirvelma<br />
gaanadgura xatebi Tavis eparqiaSi, im mizeziT, rom TiTqos es<br />
saerTo survili iyo da TiTqos am moqmedebas araviTari eWvi<br />
ar gamouwvevia. xatTmbrZolebis pirvel damcvelTa So ris<br />
moixsenebian efesos arqiepiskoposi Teodosi da sapat riarqos<br />
svingelozi 16 anastasi, SemdegSi patriarqi konstantinepolisa.<br />
rac Seexeba maRali wris warmomadgenlebs, maT damokidebulebaze<br />
xatTmbrZolobasTan kargad metyvelebs Semdegi faqti:<br />
16igive svinkeli _ bizantiis sapatriarqos <strong>saeklesio</strong> xarisxi, patriarqis<br />
TanaSemwe beri.
64 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
65<br />
roca leonma xatebis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad senati moiwvia,<br />
maT imperatoris winadadeba xatebis ganadgu rebis Taobaze<br />
erTsulovnad miiRes.<br />
xatTmbrZolTa azriT, xatebis ganadgureba qristianul<br />
sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebul mraval crurwmenas mospobda, romelic<br />
xatebis TayvaniscemiT gamoixateboda. isini imedovnebdnen,<br />
rom xatTayvaniscemis mospobiT Tavidan aicilebdnen qristianTa<br />
Soris musulmanobis gavrcelebis saSiSroebas, romelic<br />
dRiTi dRe izrdeboda, radgan aRmosavleTis qristianul provinciebs<br />
ara mxolod xmali, aramed yuranic imorCilebda. kerp-<br />
Tayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli yurani, ro gorc<br />
Seuferebels monoTeisturi religiis sulisaTvis, qristianul<br />
xatTayvanismcemlobasac ewinaaRmdegeboda. xatT mbrZo lebis<br />
rwmeniT, xatebis ganadgureba ara marto qristi anebs aqcevda<br />
TavianTi religiis erTgulebad, aramed xels Seuwyobda<br />
mahmadianTa moqcevasac qristianobaze. ai, rogor sar gebels<br />
elodnen xatebis ganadgurebiT xatTmbrZolebi eklesiisaTvis.<br />
maTi SexedulebiT, es saqme saxelmwifo miznebisTvisac ga modgeboda,<br />
radgan qveyana savalalo mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda.<br />
crurwmena xalxSi imdenad gavrcelda, rom zogi wm. xatebs aRmerTebda,<br />
mtrisgan dacvis ueWvel imedad miaCnda da Tavdacvis<br />
aucileblobaze saerTod aRar fiqrobda; xatTmbrZolebi ki<br />
xatebis winaaRmdeg im warmodgeniT iaraRdebodnen, rom xalxis<br />
aseTi ganwyobilebis mizezi TiTqos swored xatebi iyo, rac<br />
politikur miznebsac Seefereboda. aseTi Segonebani da mtkicebani<br />
ar SeiZleba ar Seesmina imperator leons. man, ra Tqma unda,<br />
kargad icoda, rom saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikuri<br />
mdgomareoba arasasurveli iyo. amave dros leonidan daiwyo<br />
axali dinastia, romelsac imperiaSi avtoritetis ganmtkiceba<br />
da mxardaWera sWirdeboda, xolo amisTvis riTi unda mieRwia,<br />
Tu ara raime gardaqmnis ganxorcielebiT? xSirad bizantiaSi<br />
popularobis moxveWis mizniT axali dinastia axali reformebis<br />
gatarebas eswrafoda; aseve unda moqceuliyo leon isavrielic.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi mecnieri leonTan garigebis<br />
faqts uaryofs, mainc unda aRiniSnos bizantieli mwerlebis<br />
cnobac imis Taobaze, rom viRac iudevelebs, romlebmac leons<br />
mefoba uwinas warmetyveles, misTvis piroba Ca mourTmeviaT,<br />
rom gamefebis Semdeg xatebs gaanadgurebda, rac leons kidevac<br />
aRusrulebia.<br />
imperatori frTxilad unda yofiliyo, radgan xatTmbr-<br />
Zolobas, romelsac igi saTaveSi Caudga, advili SesaZlebelia<br />
marcxi ganecada, sazogadoebaSi Zlieri winaaRmdegoba ga moewvia<br />
da didi areulobis wyarod qceuliyo. magram imperatoris<br />
dasamSvideblad xatTmbrZolTa partiam palestinaSi iqauri<br />
amiras mier ganxorcielebuli xatTmbrZoloba da imowma, romelic<br />
`kargad~ damTavrda. konstantinepolSi xa t TmbrZolobis<br />
dawyebamde sami wliT adre, amira ezidma, mis qveSevrdom yvela<br />
qveyanaSi xatebis ganadgurebis gankarguleba gasca. da ai, `wmida<br />
xatebi dawves, ferweriT damSvenebuli taZrebi nawilobriv<br />
gadaRebes, nawilobriv ki Camofxikes moxatuloba~. amas garda,<br />
man brZana, `gaenadgurebinaT aseve yvela gamosaxuleba, romelic<br />
ki sadme idga qalaqis moednebis dasamSveneblad~. es magaliTi<br />
leonisaTvis nebismier mWe v rmetyvel ur sityvaze mets niSnavda.<br />
man xatTmbrZolTa sasa r geblod 726 da 730 wels ori brZaneba<br />
gamosca, ris Semdegac marTlmadidebelTa devniTac gamoiCina<br />
Tavi. xatTmbrZolobis pirveli msxverpli konstantinepolis<br />
Rirseuli patriarqi germane Seiqna. mtkice sarwmunoebisTvis<br />
mravali sxva episkoposic gadaasaxles. leonis brZanebiT maRali<br />
warmo So biTa da codniT gamorCeuli xatTayvaniscemlebi<br />
tanjes da awames, mravali Seimosa mowameobrivi gvirgviniT.<br />
imperatoris mier miRebuli gansakuTrebuli zomebis Sedegad<br />
daixura konstantinepolis saRmrTismetyvelo skolebi, romlebic<br />
jer kidev konstantine didis dros gaixsna. leonis mefobis<br />
periodSi xatebis ganadgurebas Tan sastiki mrisxaneba axlda.<br />
igi RmrTismSoblisa da wmindanebis Tayvaniscemas uaryofda,<br />
xolo wmindanTa nawilebs Seuracxyofda.<br />
xatTmbrZolTa yovelgvar zomierebasa da keTilgonierebas<br />
moklebul moqmedebas gabedulad amxelda konstantinepolis<br />
patriarqi germane. man am sityvebiT datova kaTedra: `Tuki<br />
me iona var, zRvaSi gadamagdeT; magram, xelmwifev, <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis gareSe sarwmuneobaSi Setanil arc erT cvlilebas ar<br />
daveTanxmebi~. sarwmunoebisTvis TavdadebaSi patriarqs mravalma<br />
mihbaZa, rogorc sasuliero pirebma, ise konstantinepolis<br />
RmrTismosavma eriskacebmac. gamZvinvarebuli borotebis sawi
66 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
67<br />
naaRmdegod <strong>krebebi</strong>c gaimarTa. ase magaliTad, papi grigoli II<br />
dros romSi gamarTul krebaze (727 w.) damtkicda, rom Zveli<br />
aRTqmis skiniaSi qerubimebis arseboba qristianul taZ rebSi<br />
xatebis arsebobis SesaZleblobas asabuTebda. xatTmbrZolobam<br />
mraval adgilas ajanyebac gamoiwvia. italiaSi imperatoris<br />
portretebs gareT hyridnen da fexebiT Telavdnen, dabolos,<br />
TviT papma grigolma romTan da mTel italiasTan erTad<br />
leonis qveSevrdomobaze uari ganacxada. amave dros xatTmbrZoloba<br />
sakmaod vrceli saRmrTismetyelo literaturis<br />
ganviTarebis mizezi Seiqna. WeSmaritebis mauwyebel avtorTa<br />
Soris gamoirCevian: papi gri gol II, wm. germane patriarqi da<br />
wm. ioane damaskeli. grigolis Txzulebebi imperator leonis<br />
uSiSari da gabeduli mxi lebiT gamoirCeva; germanes Txzulebebi<br />
mSvidobis wrfeli surviliTa da SecdomilTa mimarT<br />
mowyalebiTaa ganmsWvaluli; ioane damaskelis Txzulebebi ki<br />
Rrma mecnierebis niSans atareben.<br />
axla ki gavecnoT xatTmbrZolTa da xatTayvanismcemelTa<br />
Sexedulebebs xatebis Sesaxeb.<br />
1.ÿxatTmbrZolTa azriT, xatTayvanismcemlebi kerpTayvanismcemlebi<br />
iyvnen, xolo xatebs kerpebis adgili eWiraT. qristianebi<br />
ase pasuxobdnen: `qristes eklesias kerpebTan araferi<br />
saerTo ara aqvs; nurc eqneba. Cven arc zvaraks vcemT Tayvans,<br />
arc qorebSi Camosxmul xbos da CvenTvis qmnileba RmerTi<br />
araa~ (papi grigoli).<br />
2.ÿxatTmbrZolebi ambobdnen, rom qristianebi qvebs, kedlebs<br />
da ficrebs eTayvanebiano. xatTayvanismcemlebi ki ase msjelobdenen:<br />
`Cven xatebs RmerTebad ar miviCnevT; imeds masze ar<br />
vamyarebT. Tuki Cvens winaSe macxovris xatia, vambobT: uf alo<br />
ieso qriste, Zeo RmrTisao, Segvewie da gvacxovne Cven! magram Tu<br />
xati misi wmida dedisaa, vambobT: yovlad wmidao RmrTismSobelo,<br />
dedav RmrTisao, meox gveyav winaSe Zisa Senisa; xolo<br />
Tuki xati mowamisaa, magaliTad stefanesi, maSin vamb obT: wmidao<br />
stefane, qristesTvis sisxlis damTxevelo, romelsa gaqvs kadniereba<br />
winaSe RmrTisa, Segvewie da dagvifare Cven. ai, visken<br />
aRvavlenT locvebs xatebis meSveobiT~ (grigoli).<br />
3.ÿxatTmbrZolTa azriT, ar SeiZleba xeliTqmnulTa Tayvani<br />
scema da arca yoveli msgavsebisa, `raodeni caTa Sina-ze<br />
da raodeni queyanasa zeda-que~, rogorc ufalma Tqva (gams.<br />
ÿ20,4); amave dros SeuZlebelia imaTi dasaxeleba, vinc Cven<br />
xeliTqmnulTa pativiscema da Tayvaniscema gvibrZana. xat-<br />
Tayvanismcemlebi ase ganmartavdnen: Zvel aRTqmaSi RmerTma<br />
akrZala `xeliTqmnuli eSmakiseuli gamosaxulebebi, romelsac<br />
vneba mohqonda da amitom SeCvenebas imsaxurebda~, magram `xeliTqmnuli<br />
saxeebi, romlebic RmrTismsaxurebisa da RmrTis<br />
sadidebeli mniSvnelobiT ganisazRvreboda~, ar aukrZalavs.<br />
amgvarad, RmerTma sjulis ficris (qvis fiqali, romelzec aTi<br />
mcneba iyo dawerili), aRTqmis kidobnis, qerubimebis, serafimebis<br />
da stamnebis gakeTeba brZana (grigoli). sxva xatTayvanismcemlebi<br />
ki ganmartavdnen, Tu ratomaa axal aRTqmaSi dasaSvebi<br />
is, rac Zvel aRTqmaSi akrZaluli iyo. isini SeniSnadnen: `rogorc<br />
gamocdili eqimi yvelas da yovelTvis erT wamals<br />
rodi aZlevs, aramed TiToeuls Sesaferiss da sasargeblos<br />
_ drois, avadmyofobisa da qveynis Taviseburebebis mixedviT;<br />
magaliTad, sxva wamals aZlevs Cvils da sxvas asakovans. aseve,<br />
sul is usrulyofilesma mkurnalma imaT, romlebic jer kidev<br />
yr mebi arian, kerpTmsaxurebis avadmyofobiT igvemebian da<br />
kerpebs RmerTebad miiCneven, RmrTis Tayvaniscemas uaryofen<br />
da mis Sesaferis didebas qmnilebebs miageben, gamosaxulebebis<br />
keTeba aukrZala. aseTi kanoni miecaT iudevelebs. magram Cven,<br />
ro m lebic sacdurTan ganSorebisa da WeSmaritebis miRebis<br />
Semdeg Rirsi SeviqeniT RmerTTan SeerTebisa da yrmobis asakis<br />
ganvlis mere kacad ganvmtkicdiT, RmrTisgan gveboZa unari<br />
gansjisa, romlis mixedviTac viciT, Tu ra SeiZleba gamoisaxos<br />
da ra ar eqvemdebareba gamosaxvas. uxilavi RmerTis gamosaxva,<br />
ra Tqma unda, Cven ar SegviZlia, magram roca vnaxeT, rom usxeulo<br />
CvenTvis gankacda, misi kacobrivi saxiT gamoxatva ukve<br />
SegviZlia. RmerTma Tavisi gamouTqmeli sa xierebis gamo xorci<br />
Seisxa, dedamiwaze xorcSesxmuli gancxadda, adamianTa Soris<br />
cxovrobda da admianuri bunebis, simtkicis, garegnobisa da<br />
xorcis matarebeli iyo; amitom Cven mi si gamosaxviT ar vcodavT.<br />
mociqulebma xorcielad ixiles qriste, naxes misi vneba<br />
da saswauli. aseve Cvenc gvinda vixiloT, visminoT da viyoT<br />
netarni. am miswrafebas saxarebis wignebi da qristes xatebi<br />
akmayofileben~ (damaskeli).
68 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
69<br />
4.ÿxatTmbrZolTa sawinaaRmdego azriT: wm. werilSi ars ad<br />
ar iyo miniSnebuli da nabrZanebi xatebis gamoyenebis au cilebloba.<br />
amis sapirispirod xatTayvanismcemlebi ase sva m d nen<br />
sakiTxs: uSualod ~Zvel aRTqmasa da saxarebaSi sad Se iZleba<br />
moiZebnos pirdapir naTqvami sityvebi: sameba, an: erTarsi, an:<br />
qristes erTi piri, an: ori buneba?~ (damaskeli).<br />
5.ÿxatTmbrZolebma xatTayvanismcelTa winaaRmdeg aseTi<br />
sakiTxic dasves: ratom iyo, rom eqvsi <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
kr ebidan xatebis Sesaxeb arc erTze araferi ar ganisazRvra?<br />
xatTayvanismcemlebis pasuxi iyo: `krebebze purisa da wylis<br />
Sesaxebac araferi Tqmula; aki araa naTqvami _ saWiroa Tu ara<br />
Wama, saWiroa Tu ara sma. magram vin ar icis, rom es sicocxlis<br />
SenarCunebisTvis aucilebelia? amasTan erTad, krebebze xatebi<br />
TviTon mRvdelmTavrebs mihqondaT; da saerTodac, arc erTi<br />
RmrTismosavi adamiani xatebis gareSe gzas ar da adgeboda~<br />
(papi grigoli);<br />
6.ÿxatTmbrZolebma xatTayvaniscemis sanacvlod gansa ku-<br />
T r ebiT gaaZlieres qadageba da religiuri poezia ise, rom<br />
RmrTismsaxurebaSi sxvadasxvagvari musikaluri kompoziciebic<br />
ki Seitanes. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase esmiT papi grigolis<br />
mier gakeTebuli gancxadeba, romliTac igi xatTmbrZol leons<br />
mimarTavs: `Sen ubrZane xalxs, rom miatovos es yovelive<br />
(xatebi da xatTayvaniscema) da daasaqme umniSvnelo rameebiT,<br />
sisuleleebiT, salamurebiT, CxarunebiT, gitarebiTa da lirebiT<br />
da nacvlad locva-kurTxevisa da RmrTis qeba-didebisa, zRaprebs<br />
ayoleb~. amitom xatTayvaniscemlebi religiuri grZnobis<br />
ganviTarebisa da aRzrdisaTvis xatTayvaniscemis maRali da<br />
Rrma azris axsnas cdilobdnen, ra dgan xatTayvaniscema adamianSi<br />
religiuri mowiwebisa da lmobierebis grZnobas aRZravs,<br />
sinanulis cremls hgvris. `roca Cven, _ ambobs Tavis Tavze<br />
papi grigoli, _ eklesiaSi SevdivarT da ufali ieso qristes<br />
sas wa ulebs, misi wmida dedisa da angelozebis gamosaxulebebs<br />
vWv retT, taZridan guliT Semusvrili gamovdivarT. da vin ar<br />
iqneba CvensaviT gulSemusvrili da vin ar daRvris salmobier<br />
cremls, roca umzers saidumlo serobas, brmis gankur nebas, lazares<br />
aRd ginebas? vis ar Seemusreba guli da vin ar daRvris<br />
cremls, roca Wvrets abraamis xats, romelsac Tavisi Zis yelTan<br />
maxvili mrisxaned aRumarTavs? vis ar Seemusreba guli da ar<br />
daRvris cremls, roca Sexedavs macxovris mravalfer tanjvas?~<br />
Semdeg xatTayvaniscemlebi aviTarebdnen azrs, rom gansakuTrebiT<br />
religiur-praqtikuli damokidebulebiT xatebis<br />
mni Svneloba gaunaTlebeli xalxisa da mcirewlovanTaTvisaa<br />
ganuzomeli. `ra mniSvnelobac aqvs wigns imisTvis, vinc ganswavlulia,<br />
_ ambobdnen xatTayvaniscemlebi, _ igive mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
xatebs gaunaTleblebisaTvis~ (ioane damaskeli). sxva mwerali<br />
xatebis dasacavad ambobda:ÿ`xelSi ayvanil axlaxan monaTlul<br />
patarebs, aseve ymawvilebsa da axladmoqceul warmarTebs, kacebi<br />
da qalebi am cxad gamosaxulebebze TiTiT uT iTeben, amgvarad<br />
arigeben da maT gulsa da gonebas zecad, RmrTisaken aRamaRleben~<br />
(grigoli). an ase ambobdnen xat Tayva n i smcemlebi:ÿ`isu<br />
navesma ubrZana iudevelebs, iordanedan 12 qva amoeRoT, da ga nucxada:ÿroca<br />
Tqveni Svilebi odesme SeekiTxebian mamebs, Tu ras<br />
niSnavs es qvebi, Tqven maT ety viT:ÿRmrTis brZanebiT rogor<br />
gaixsna gza wyalSi da israelianebma aRTqmis kidobniT rogor<br />
gaiares. aseve Cvenc, rogor ar gamovxatoT is vneba, romliTac<br />
Cveni gamoxsna aRsrulda, da qristes saswaulebi, radgan Tuki<br />
Ze Cemi mkiTxavs: ra aris es, _ SemeZlos pasuxis gacema: RmerTi<br />
kac iqmna~ da sxva (damaskeli). sxvebi ki xatTayvaniscemis<br />
dasasabuTeblad ambobdnen, rom eklesiaSi xatebi saukeTeso<br />
saSualebaa RmrTis sityvisa da qadagebis aTvisebisaTvis: `vinc<br />
smeniT Seicno wmindanTa aRsrulebuli saqme, masSi mzera xatisa<br />
mosmenilis mogonebebs aRZravs; xolo vinc jer kidev ar icis<br />
maT Sesaxeb, aseTebs gulmodgine smenisaTvis moamzadebs da<br />
maTSi wmindanebis Zlier siyvarulsa da RmrTis didebismetyvelebis<br />
survils aRagznebs~ (germane).<br />
7.ÿxatTmbrZolebi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, marTlmadideblebs<br />
xatTayvaniscemis garda wmindanTa Tayvaniscemis gamoc<br />
sayvedurobdnen. isini pirdapir ambobdnen, rom marTlmadideblebi<br />
mowameebs RmerTebad miiCneveno. <strong>saeklesio</strong> mwerlebi ki<br />
cdilobdnen eklesiis mimarT gamoTqmuli amgvari sayveduri<br />
gaebaTilebinaT da ganemartaT, Tu ratom da rogor scemdnen<br />
Tayvans wmindanebs. `wmindanebi, rogorc qristes megobrebi, romlebic<br />
uflis tanjvaSi monawileoben, rogor ar unda iRebdnen<br />
monawileobas mis marTlad gandidebaSi aqac, dedamiwaze? qriste
70 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
71<br />
maT monebs ki ara, aramed megobrebs uwodebs. Zveli aRTqmis<br />
dros romelime adamianis saxels arcerTi taZari ar SeiZleboda<br />
miZRvnoda. marTlis xsenebis dRe ara Tu idResaswauleboda,<br />
aramed daitireboda kidec; mkvdarTan Sexeba bilwebad<br />
iTvleboda, magram mas Semdeg, rac adamianuri buneba, Ze RmerTis<br />
masSi gancxadebisas, RmrTeebrivi cxovrebis Tanaziarobamde<br />
amaRlda, saqme ukve sxvagvaradaa~ (damaskeli). magram yovelive<br />
amiTi, `Cven im fiqris sababs ar vi ZleviT, rom isini RmrTeebrivi<br />
bunebis Tanaziarni arian, da Tayvaniscemis im pativs ar mivawerT,<br />
romelic RmrTeebriv didebasa da Zlierebas Seefereba. magram<br />
maT mimarT siyva ruls gamovxatavT~ (germane). dabolos, rogorc<br />
xatTmbrZolTa ganmasxvavebeli niSani, unda aRiniSnos maTi<br />
Sexeduleba saxelmwifos eklesiasTan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb;<br />
maTi gansjiT, saxelmwifos SeuZlia mbrZaneblurad Caerios<br />
eklesiis saqmeebSi; maT am principis umaRles xarisxSi ayvana<br />
surdaT. imperatorma leonma pirdapir gamoacxada kanoni: me<br />
var mefe da mRvdelmTavari. am azrs eklesiis warmomadgenlebis<br />
erT sulo vani winaaRmdegoba Sexvda. isini werdnen: `icode, imperatoro,<br />
rom wmida eklesiis dogmatebi imperatoris saqme ar<br />
aris, aramed mRvdelmTavrebisa, da zustad da sworad unda iyvnen<br />
gansazRvrulni. swored amisTvis arian eklesiebSi dadgenili<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi, sazogadoebrivi saqmisagan Tavisufali mamebi;<br />
amitom imperatorebma eklesiis saqmeebSi Carevisagan Tavi unda<br />
Seikavon da akeTon is, rac maT evalebaT. dogmatebiÿmefeTa<br />
saqme ar aris, aramed mRvdelmTavrebisa, radganac Cven (episkoposebs)<br />
qristesmieri goni gagvaCnia (2 kor. 2; 14, 17). sxva saqmea<br />
<strong>saeklesio</strong> dadgenilebebSi garkveva da sxva _ saero saqmeebis<br />
codna~ (grigoli). sxva RmrTismetyveli ambobda: ~arasakadrisia<br />
mefisTvis eklesiis kanonebis dadgena. mociquli pavle im<br />
pirebis dasaxelebis dros, romlebsac Rmr Tisgan mindobili<br />
aqvT eklesiis winamZRoloba (1 kor. 12), mefes ar ixseniebs. ara<br />
mefeebi, aramed mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi, mwyemsebi da<br />
moZRvrebi iuwyebodnen RmrTis sityvas. mefe ebma saxelmwifos<br />
ayvavebisaTvis unda izr unon, xolo eklesiis keTildReobisTvis<br />
_ÿmwyemsebma da mo ZRvrebma~ (damaskeli).<br />
xatTmbrZolTa da xatTayvanismcemelTa kamaTiT gamom J R avnda,<br />
rom xatTmbrZolTa Sexedulebebi da ideaTa wre, rom e lSic<br />
isini trialebdnen, ufro Caketili iyo, xolo xatTayvanismcemelTa<br />
wre _ÿufro farTo da mravalmxrivi. xatTmbrZ o lebi<br />
cxovrebaze eklesiis zegavlenas metismetad zRudavdnen da<br />
amitom religiis xelovnebasTan daaxloebis aucileblobas<br />
uaryofdnen; xolo xatTayvanismcemlebi qristianul ideas<br />
imdenad yovlismomcvelad warmoadgendnen, rom TviT xelovne<br />
basac SeeZlo religiasTan mWidro damokidebuleba hqonoda.<br />
xatTmbrZolobis batonoba<br />
(741-775 ww.)<br />
leon isavrielis Zis, imperator konstantine kopronimis<br />
(741-775 ww.) xangrZlivi batonobis dros xatTmbrZolobam<br />
bizantiaSi Tavisi ganviTarebis umaRles safexurs miaRwia. es<br />
eresi Tavisi Zalisa da tiraniis gamovlinebiT ariozobasa da<br />
monofizitobas utoldeba.<br />
TviT imperatori konstantine kopronimi despoturi xasiaTiTa<br />
da energiulobiT gamoirCeoda. mas gars is adamianebi<br />
exvivnen, romelnic mis azrebs mTlianad iziarebdnen. kopronimis<br />
imperatorobis dros konstantinepolSi mxolod xatTmbrZolebi<br />
patriarqobdnen da episkoposTa didi nawilic mxa rs<br />
mas uWerda. iseTi situacia Seiqmna, rom TiTqos xatTayvaniscemas<br />
ukanaskneli dReebi daudga.<br />
konstantinem kargad icoda, Tu ra didi pativiT sargeblobdnen<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong> da amitom xatTmbrZolTa<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebis Catareba moindoma. magram rogorc frTxilma<br />
po li tikosma, uceb ki ar aRasrula Tavisi survili, aramed jer<br />
provinciebSi daiwyo saerTo saxalxo Tavyrilobebis mowyoba,<br />
romlebzec xatTayvaniscema igmoboda. amgvarad, xalxi nel-nela<br />
momzadda imisTvis, rac imperatoris nebiT krebas unda gadaewyvita.<br />
es cru <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba 754 wels iqna mowveuli, romlis<br />
monawile 338 episkoposidan, yvela Tavis Tavs xatTmbrZolad<br />
acxadebda. krebam sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvreba Seadgina da mar-<br />
Tlmadideblobis winamZRvrebi da xatTayvaniscemis damcvelebi<br />
SeaCvena, maT Soris konstantinepolis wmida patriarqi germane
72 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
73<br />
da wmida ioane damaskeli.<br />
krebam Tavisi mtkicebebi or jgufad dayo: erTi _ gonebrivi,<br />
xolo meoreÿ_ÿwm. werilidan da <strong>saeklesio</strong> gadmocemebidan<br />
moxmobili dokumenturi masalebi. krebis msjelobiT: qristes<br />
gamosaxva xatebze ar SeiZleba imitom, rom amas nestorianobisken<br />
mivyavarT. qristes adamianur bunebas RmrTeebrivi bunebisagan<br />
nestori yofda; imaves akeTeben mxatvrebic, romlebic qristes<br />
gamosaxaven, radgan qristes garegnobis gamoxatva misi RmrTeebriobis<br />
warmoCinebas ar niSnavs. amas garda, krebis azriT,<br />
xatebze qristes gamosaxvas sxva eresamdec, mono fizitobamdec<br />
mivyavarT; msgavsad monofizituri swavlebisa, romlis mixedviTac<br />
qristes ori buneba Serwymulia, mxatvrebica da xatTayvanismcemlebic<br />
miiCneven, rom ara mxolod kacobriv bunebas,<br />
aramed mis RmrTeebriobasac gamoxataven.<br />
kreba ambobda: ferwera dioskoresa da evtiqisac gvagonebs,<br />
romlebic aswavlidnen, rom qristes ori buneba erTmaneTs<br />
Seerwya da Seeria. xatTayvanismcemelTa damokidebuleba ki<br />
sul sxvagvari iyo: Cven ar vfiqrobT aRuwereli RmrTeebis<br />
gamosaxvas, `Cven mxolod qristes sxeulis xats gamovsaxavT,<br />
romelic vixileT, xeliT SevexeT da romelsac mivmarTavdiT~.<br />
mas Semdeg, rac krebam qristes xatebis sawinaaRmdegod adamianur<br />
gonebaze dayrdnobiT rigi mtkicebebisa ganaviTara, ukve<br />
im azris ganmartebaze gadavida, Tu ra mecnieruli safuZveli<br />
aqvs RmrTismSoblisa da sxva wmindanTa xatebis aRiarebis<br />
akrZalvas:ÿ1)ÿTu qristes xatebis uaryofa aucilebelia, maSin<br />
cxadia, romelime sxva xatis daSvebac usamarTloba iqneba; 2)<br />
ÿqristianoba Tavisi SexedulebebiT ara marto iudevelobas<br />
emijneba, aramed warmarTobasac, xolo Tuki qristianoba xat-<br />
Tayvaniscemas miiRebs, maSin igi gamogonili kerpebis Seqmnis<br />
samarcxvino xelovnebiT warmarTobas dauaxlovdeba; 3) `Rmr-<br />
TisTvis saTnomyofeli wmindanebi, Tumca am qveynidan miicvalnen,<br />
magram RmrTisTvis yovelTvis cocxlebi arian, amitom visac<br />
mkvdari xelovnebiT maTi gacocxleba surs, is RmrTismgmobelia~,<br />
anu aseTebs sakuTari ZaliT undaT imis gakeTeba (gacocxleba),<br />
rac mxolod RmerTis saqmea; 4) mxatvrebs RmrTismSoblis<br />
didebulebisa da wmindanTa netarebis sworad gamoxatva ar<br />
SeuZliaT; maT funjs Zala ar Seswevs sworad gamoxatos zecis<br />
mkvidrni; 5) saerTod xelovneba Seuferebelia eklesiisaTvis,<br />
igi akninebs mas. `qristianisTvis, romelsac aRdgomis sasoeba<br />
gaaCnia, im xalxebis CveulebebiT sargebloba, romlebic kerpebs<br />
emsaxurebian, Seuferebelia. am dros utyvi da mkvdari<br />
nivTierebebiT Seuracxyo fen im wmindanebs, romlebic aseTi<br />
didebiT gamobrwyindnen~.<br />
aqamde Cven im debulebebs ganvixilavdiT, romlis drosac<br />
xatTmbrZolebi adamianuri gansjiTi azrovnebiT sargeblobdnen;<br />
axla ki vnaxoT, rogor iyenebdnen isini wm. werilsa<br />
da <strong>saeklesio</strong> gadmocemebs imave miznisaTvis. cru <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis meore nawilSi Semdegi<br />
adgilebia moxmobili: `sul ars RmerTi, da TayvanismcemelTa<br />
misTa suliTa da WeSmaritebiTa Tana-ac Tayuanis-cemaÁ~ (in.4,24),<br />
da kidev: `RmerTi aravin sada ixila~ (in.1,18), `Tquen arca xmaÁ<br />
misi gesma sadame, arca xati misi ixileT~ (in.5,37). aseve Zvel<br />
aRTqmaSi naTqvamia: `ara iqmne Tavisa Senisa kerpni gamoqandakebulni,<br />
arca msgavsi yovlisave, romel ars casa Sina zesknel<br />
da arcaRa, romel ars queyanasa zeda quesknel~ (meor.sj.<br />
5,7-8). wm. werilis am gamoTqmebis safuZvelze xatTmbrZolebi<br />
swored qristian xatTayvanismcemlebs akuTvnebdnen pavle<br />
mociqulis sityvebs, romliTac igi warmarTebs mimarTavs:<br />
`da scuales didebaÁ igi uxrwnelisa RmrTisa msgavsebad<br />
xatisa mis ganxrwnadisa kacisa~ (rom.1,23), `da pativ-scemdes da<br />
hmsaxurebdes dabadebulTa, da ara dambadebelsa~ (rom.1,25).<br />
<strong>saeklesio</strong> gadmocemebidan ki, upirveles yovlisa, wm. epifane<br />
kviprels imowmebdnen: `gaxsovdeT sayvarelo Svilebo, rom,<br />
rogorc eklesiaSi, aseve wmindanTa saZvaleebSi xatebis Setana<br />
miuRebelia, magram yovelTvis gaxsovdeT RmerTi da Tqvens<br />
gulebSi iqonieT igi. qristianisTvis Tvalis meSveobiTa da<br />
azris xetialiT RmrTisaken amaRleba Seuferebelia~. 17 gansaz-<br />
RvrebaSi wm. grigol RmrTismetyvelis himnidanac iyo erTi<br />
adgili motanili: `rwmenis aRiareba saRebavebiT da ara guliT<br />
umarTebuloa imitom, rom saRebavebiT damowmebuli advilad<br />
irecxeba. xolo rac Seexeba sulis siRrmiseul rwmenas, igi<br />
CemTvis WeSmaritia~. Semdeg mimoxilulia wm. ioane oqropiris<br />
__________________________<br />
17 meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis mamebis gamorkveviT es mowmoba yalbi aR-<br />
moCnda.
74 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
75<br />
swavleba: `wmindanTa cxovrebis gacnobiT, maTi sulis simtkiciT<br />
vtkbebiT, ara sxeulis, aramed sulis warmosaxviT, radganac maTi<br />
naTqvami maTive sulierebis gamoxatvas emsaxureba~. xatTmbr-<br />
Zolebi wm. basili didsac imowmeben: `mamaTa cxovrebebi keTili<br />
saqmis keTebasac aswavlis da netar mamaTa cxovrebasac aRwers,<br />
rogorc RmrTivsaTno cxovrebis misabaZ sulier magaliTebs~. 18<br />
xatTmbrZolTa sarwmunoebriv gansazRvrebaSi wm. aTanase di dis<br />
gamonaTqvamsac vxvdebiT: `rogor ar SevibraloT qmnilebaTa<br />
Tayvanismcemelni im mizeziT, rom mxedvelni da smenaminiWebulni<br />
xedvisa da smenis armqones eTayvanebian~. 19 Semdeg dasaxelebulia<br />
wm. amfiloqe ikonieli, romelic ambobs: `Cven vzrunavT<br />
ara imisaTvis, rom wmindanTa garegnuli saxe dafebze saRebavebiT<br />
gamovxatoT, radgan amisi saWi roeba Cven ara gvaqvs, aramed<br />
imisaTvis, rom maT saTno cxov rebas mivbaZoT~. 20 cru <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
krebis episkoposebi xatTmbr ZolobisTvis gansakuTrebul<br />
sayrdens TiTqos wm. Teodote ankvirelis Semdeg sityvebSi<br />
xedavdnen: `Cven miviReT dadgenileba, rom wmindanTa saxeebi<br />
nivTieri saRebavebiT ki ar gamovxatoT, aramed maT cxovrebebSi<br />
aRweril saTnoebebs, rogorc sulier xatebas mivbaZoT. dae,<br />
xatebis aRmmarTvelebma Tqvan, Tu ra sargebeli miiRes amisagan<br />
da amgvari gaxsenebiT rogor sulier Wvretas ganicdian;<br />
ueWvelia, rom es mzakvruli mizniTaa gamogonili~. 21 dabolos,<br />
xatTmbrZolebi <strong>saeklesio</strong> istorikosis evsebi pamfilelis<br />
epistoles imowmebdnen, sadac igi gmobs xatebis gamoyenebas<br />
religiuri miznebisaTvis. marTalia, meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis<br />
mamebi am mowmobis sinamdviles aRiareben, magram evsebis, rogorc<br />
ariozels, avtoritetad ar miiCneven.<br />
cru <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba, wm. werilidan da wm. mamaTa literatur-<br />
__________________________<br />
18 grigolis, oqropirisa da basilis Txzulebebidan es adgilebi xatTmbr-<br />
Zolebs saerTo azrTan daukavSireblad mohyavdaT da amitom arasworia,<br />
xolo Tu rogor uyurebdnen eklesiis es mamebi xatTayvaniscemas, amaze<br />
zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari.<br />
19 wm. aTanase didTan laparakia ara xatTayvanismcemlebis, aramed kerp-<br />
Tayvanismcemlebis Sesaxeb.<br />
20 wm. mamis sityvebis namdvili azri aseTia: Cven wm. xatebi gvWirdeba ara<br />
TavisTavad, aramed imisaTvis, rom maT saTno cxovreba gvaswavlon.<br />
21 meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis mamebma ganacxades, rom Teodotes arc erT<br />
TxzulebaSi msgavsi sityvebi ar moipoveba.<br />
idan rigi adgilebis damowmebiT, romlebic xatTmbrZolebis<br />
azriT TiTqos maT cru swavlebas amtkicebda, xatTayvaniscemis<br />
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aseT saboloo daskvnamde mivida: `amrigad,<br />
Cven es mowmobani wm. werilidan da mamaTa swavlebidan<br />
amovkribeT da Cvens axlandel gansazRvrebaSi davajgufeT, ase<br />
vTqvaT,ÿmravlidan cota amovarCieT, sityva rom ar gagvgrZeleboda.<br />
usasrulod mravladaa sxva adgilebic, magram Segnebulad<br />
gamovtoveT isini. amrigad, RmrTivsulieri weriliTa da mamebis<br />
moZRvrebiT ganmtkicebulni, aseve RmrTismsaxurebis lodze<br />
sulierad damyarebulni, Cven yvelani, samRvdelo xarisxiT<br />
Semosilni, wm. samebis saxeliT, erT SeTanxmebamde mivediT da<br />
erTsulovnad ganvsazRvreT, rom nebismieri nivTierebisgan<br />
damzadebuli yovelgvari xati, aseve mxatvris mier ukeTuri<br />
xelovnebiT, saRebavebiT dawerili, qristianuli eklesiebidan<br />
unda gaiyaros; igi ucxoa misTvis da ugulebelyofas imsaxurebs~.<br />
sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis daskvniT nawils xatTayvanismcemlebisa<br />
da taZris mZarcvelebis mimarT muqara warmoadgens.<br />
aqvea Camoyalibebuli, agreTve, rva anaTema xatTayvanismcemlebis<br />
winaaRmdeg. namdvili <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis msgavsad,<br />
cru <strong>msoflio</strong> krebac `eretikosebis~ mimarT muqaras ase gamoxatavs:<br />
vinc xatebs aRiarebs: Tuki sasuliero piri iqneba, xa risxi<br />
CamoerTmeva, xolo saero _ SeCvenebuli iqneba da samoqalaqo<br />
sasamarTlos gadaecema.<br />
qristianTa sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli iyo xmebi, rom xatTmbrZolebi<br />
yovladwmida qalwul mariamsa da wmidanebs ar<br />
aRiarebdnen. istoriuli cnobebi adastureben, rom am braldebebs<br />
marTlac hqonda safuZveli. ase magaliTad, TviT imperator<br />
kopronimis Sesaxeb istorikosebi amboben, rom erTxel,<br />
RmrTimSoblis Tayvaniscemis ukanonobis damtkicebis miz niT, man<br />
fuliT savse qisa amoiRo da ikiTxa: `ramdenad didia am qisis<br />
fasi?~ roca mas upasuxes, rom igi Zalian Zvirfasi iyo, maSin<br />
imperatorma qisa dacala da igive kiTxva gaimeora. da roca am<br />
SemTxvevaSi, bunebrivia, pirvelis sawinaaRmdego pasuxi miiRo,<br />
man Tqva: `igive mniSvneloba eniWeba RmrTismSobelsac misgan<br />
qristes dabadebamde da dabadebis Semdeg; axla igi arafriT<br />
ukeTesi ar aris da sxva dedebTan SedarebiT arc upiratesoba
76 VII krebis<br />
wina movlenebi<br />
77<br />
gaaCnia~. imave imperatorze yvebodnen, rom igi RmrTismSoblis<br />
Sesaxeb nestorianuli swavlebisken ixreboda da fiqrobda ra,<br />
rom man Cveulebrivi adamiani dabada da ara RmerTi, misTvis<br />
ubralod qristesmSobelis wodeba undoda. amasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
erTi Zveli istorikosi (Teofane) ambobs, rom imperatorma<br />
kerZo saubrisas konstantinepolis patriarqs hkiTxa: `ukeTesi<br />
xom ar iqneboda, mariami RmrTismSoblis magivrad qristesmSobelad<br />
iwo debodeso.~ roca aseTi pasuxi miiRo: `RmerTma<br />
nu qnas, xelmwifeo, rom Sen am azrze darCe; nuTu ar ici, rom<br />
nestori msgavsi swavlebisaTvis mTelma eklesiam gankveTa?~<br />
imperatorma sTxova patriarqs, rom es saubari maT Soris dar-<br />
Ceniliyo, magram miuxedavad amisa, saidumlo gamoaSkaravda. iseTi<br />
xmebic dadioda, rom imperatori locvebSi RmrTisSoblisa<br />
da wmindanebis moxmobas uaryofda da axaldabadebulTaTvis<br />
wmindanebis saxelebis darqmevas ar iwonebda.<br />
754 wels cru <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis upirvelesi Sedegi is iyo,<br />
rom xatebi yvela eklesiidan gamoyares, zogi dawves, taZrebis<br />
kedlis mxatvroba da mozaikuri gamosaxulebebi Camofxi kes da<br />
kiriT Seleses. am xvedrs verc konstantinepolis didebuli<br />
vlaqernis RmrTismSoblis taZari acda, romlis kedlebzec<br />
saukeTeso mxatvrebis mier gamoxatuli iyo RmerTkacis mTeli<br />
amqveyniuri cxovreba, misi yvela saswauli, saxarebiseuli istoriis<br />
yvela movlena, amaRlebiT damTavrebuli; ase ve suliwmidis<br />
gardamosvla mociqulebze. sxvaTa Soris, rog orc wm. stefanes<br />
cxovrebis aRmwereli ambobs: `cxenosanTa satanur gamosaxulebebs,<br />
nadirobis scenebs, Teatraluri sanaxaobebisa da cxenebis<br />
doRebis amsaxvel naxatebs ufrTxildebodnen da pativiT<br />
epyrobodnen~. xatTmbrZolTa Tavxedoba iq a mde mivida, rom<br />
xatebis mtrebi Tavs uflebas aZlevdnen daewvaT da daeglijaT<br />
is wignebi, romlebic wm. xatebiT iyvnen Semkul ni, an romlebSic<br />
wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemaze iyo saubari. kon stantinepolis aia<br />
sofiis eklesiis skevofilaqsi (WurWelT mcveli) mogvianebiT<br />
acxadebda, rom WurWelT sacavSi man naxa ori naxevrad damwvari<br />
wigni, romlebic irgvliv oqros gamosaxulebebiT iyo<br />
Semkobili. fokis episkoposi le onic amowmebda, rom mis eparqialur<br />
qalaqSi xatTmbrZolebma ocdaaTi wigni dawves. zemoT<br />
xsenebuli skevofilaqsis gancxadebiT, mas xelT hqonia iseTi<br />
wignebic, romlebSic xatTmbrZolebis mier amoWrili yofila<br />
is furclebi, sadac wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemaze iyo saubari. imaves<br />
acxadebdnen kopronimis mefobis droindeli xatTmbrZolobis<br />
sxva mowmeebic (VII <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis cnobebi).<br />
imperatori konstantine xatebis darbevis Semdeg nel-nela<br />
wmindanTa nawilebis devnazec gadavida,ÿ_ÿman brZana yvela adgilidan<br />
gadaeyaraT isini. ase magaliTad, didad pativcemuli<br />
wm. mowame efTvimis wm. nawilebi im taZridan amoiRes, sa dac IV<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> kreba gaimarTa da luskumasTan erTad zRvaSi CaZires,<br />
xolo misi saxelobis SesaniSnavi taZari samxe dro tansacmlisa<br />
da iaraRis sawyobad aqcies.<br />
cru krebis dadgenilebebisa da imperatori konstantines<br />
yvelaze gabeduli mowinaaRmdegeebi berebi aRmoCnden. maTi<br />
Se marTeba TviT imperatorsac ki aSinebda. bermonazvnobas am<br />
dros wm. stefane edga saTaveSi, romelsac pirvelmowame arqidiakon<br />
stefanesagan gasarCevad axali ewoda. man, imperatoris<br />
winaSe wardgomisas, moneta amoiRo da Tqva: `ra sas jels davimsaxureb,<br />
Tuki am monetas, romelzec imperatoria gamosaxuli,<br />
miwaze davagdeb da fexiT gavTelav? aqedan Sen SegiZlia dainaxo,<br />
_ gaagrZela man, _ rogori sasjelis Rirsia is, vinc qristesa da<br />
misi wm. dedis xatebs Seuracxyofs~. Semdeg iatakze daagdo moneta<br />
da fexiT Sedga. imperatoris brZanebiT igi sapyrobileSi<br />
Caagdes. aranaklebi Seupovroba gamoiCina bermonazonma petre<br />
kolivitma. igi imperato risTvis pirSi simarTlis Tqmas ar<br />
SeuSinda da xatTmbrZo lobis gamo axali valenti (ariozeli<br />
imperatori) da iuliane (gandgomili) uwoda mas. sasuliero<br />
pirebis mier ganebivrebuli imperatorisTvis mxolod bermonazvnoba<br />
aRmoCnda is arasasurveli Zala, romelic uSiSrad<br />
icavda marTlmadideblobas. imperatori bermonazvnebs<br />
kerpTayvanismcemlobis ga mavrceleblebs, obskurantizmis warmomadgenlebs<br />
da bneleTis mociqulebs uwodebda. man yvela<br />
monastris daxurva gadawyvita, xolo zogierTi ki yazarmad<br />
aqcia. ase magaliTad, bizantiis cnobili dolmatis monasteric<br />
samxedroebis ganmgeblobaSi gadavida; dedaqalaqis mravali<br />
monasteri saZirkvlamde daangries. bermonazvnobis damcirebis<br />
mizniT imperatorma brZana, berebi da monazoni dedebi erTmaneTze<br />
wyvil-wyvilad gadaebaT da cirkSi etarebinaT. amave
78 VII kreba<br />
nikea, 787 w.<br />
79<br />
dros, mayurebels neba mieca maTTvis efurTxebina da abuCad<br />
aegdo isini. isec xdeboda, rom berebs Tavs swored im xatebiT<br />
utexdnen, romelTa dasacavadac gamodiodnen.<br />
imperators bermonazvnobis sastiksa da gulmodgine devnaSi<br />
mxardamWerebad provinciis mmarTvelebi hyavda. maT So ris<br />
gansakuTrebiT saxeli gaiTqva Trakiis provinciis mma rTvelma<br />
mixeil laxanodrakonma, romelic drakonis saxeliT gaxda<br />
cnobili. igi pirdapir ubrZanebda bermonazvnebs: `imperatoris<br />
da Cemi morCilni unda iyoT; saero tansacmeli CaicviT da<br />
daqorwindiT; vinc amas ar Seasrulebs, mas Tvalebis daTxra da<br />
gadasaxleba elodeba~. Tavisi sityva man saqmiTac aRasrula.<br />
misi brZanebiT berebs wverze sawvav nivTierebas asxamdnen da<br />
cecxls ukidebdnen. saerTod unda iTqvas, rom marTlmadidebelTa<br />
devna kopronimis dros imdenad Zli eri iyo, rom igi<br />
mxolod qristianobis usastikesi mdevnelis, warmarTi diokletianes<br />
xanas SeiZleba Seedaros.<br />
agreTve unda aRiniSnos, rom konstantine kopronimis Zaladoba<br />
ZiriTadad mxolod konstantinepolis sapatriarqos<br />
daatyda Tavs. aRmosavleTis sxva sapatriarqoebsa da dasavle-<br />
Tis eklesiaSi gacilebiT ukeTesi mdgomareoba iyo.<br />
meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba<br />
(nikea, 787 w.)<br />
bizantiis xatTmbrZoli imperatorebis leon isavrielisa<br />
da konstantine kopronimis Semdeg imperiis mmarTveloba leon<br />
IV (775-780 ww.) xelSi gadavida. mas xatTayvanismcemlebis winaaR<br />
mdeg brZola ar gaumarTavs da marTlmadideblebsac Tavisuflad<br />
amosunTqvis saSualeba miecaT; isini mravladac iyv nen<br />
da arc simtkice akldaT TavianTi Sinagani, dafaruli Zalis<br />
wyalobiT. devnili samRvdeloeba gadasaxlebidan dabru nda.<br />
umaRlesi <strong>saeklesio</strong> kaTedrebi ZiriTadad xatTayvaniscemis<br />
erTgulma berebma daikaves. samefo karmac xatTmbrZolobis gavlenisgan<br />
nel-nela iwyo ganTavisufleba, xolo xalxSi xatebis<br />
Tayvaniscema farulad yovelTvis arsebobda. gansakuTrebiT<br />
aRsaniSnavia TviT leon IV meuRlis dedofali irines damsaxureba,<br />
romelmac xatTmbrZolebis samxileblad da WeSmaritebis<br />
dasadastureblad VII <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis mow veviT isaxela Tavi.<br />
aTenSi, xatTayvaniscemelTa ojaxSi aRz rdilma irinem xat-<br />
Tayvaniscema maSinac ki ar uaryo, roca xatTmbrZoli leonis<br />
meuRle Seiqna. amisaTvis man qmrisagan devnac ganicada, magram<br />
male imperatori gardaicvala da irine Tavis mcirewlovan<br />
ZesTan, konstantinesTan erTad taxtze avida (780 w.). amis Semdeg<br />
eklesiis mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad Seicvala. dedofals<br />
xatTmbrZolebis winaaRmdeg araviTari ZaladobisTvis ar miumarTavs,<br />
magram keTilgonivrulad WeSmaritebas cdomilebaze<br />
gamarjvebis saSualeba misca. is Tavis miz nad mxolod imas isaxavda,<br />
rasac TviT qristianuli sazo gado eba iTxovda. dedofalma<br />
Tavisi pativi da adgili daubruna wmi da nawilebsac, romlebsac<br />
xatTmbrZolebi daundoblad Seuracxyofdnen. irinem gadawyvita<br />
zeimiT gamoecxadebina xatTayvanismcemlobis WeSmariteba da<br />
amisTvis yvelaze saukeTeso saSualebad <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
kreba miiCnia. am krebis mowvevas is mniSvnelobac hqonda, rom<br />
kopronimis mefobis dros Catarebul krebas xatTmbrZolebma<br />
morwmuneTa sacduneblad meSvide uwodes. saWiro iyo, rom cru<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebas WeSmariti kreba dapirispireboda.<br />
jer kidev imperatori leonis mier arCeulma konstantinepolis<br />
patriarqma pavlem mwyemsmTavris taxti moulodnelad<br />
datova, beris kabiT Seimosa da eklesiis marTva aRar isurva.<br />
igi patriarqobamde xatTayvanismcemeli iyo, magram Semdeg<br />
impe ratoris nebas dahyva da xatTmbrZolobis aRiarebis<br />
ficic da do. axla ki simSvidedakargulma da sindisis qenjniT<br />
Sewuxebulma patriarqma gadawyvita monasterSi Caketiliyo da<br />
Ta visi codvebi eglova. monanul patriarqs TviT dedofali<br />
ewvia ufliswulTan erTad, magram man taxtis dabrunebaze uari<br />
ganacxada. irine imeds ar kargavda da Suamavlebad senatorebsa<br />
da patriciebs agzavnida, magram patriarqis pasuxi yovel Tvis<br />
erTi da igive iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom pavle dedoflis wargzavnilebs<br />
eubneboda: `Tuki <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba ar iqna mowv e uli da<br />
gabatonebuli cdomileba amoZirkvuli, maSin sulis xsnis imedi<br />
nu geqnebaT.~ suliTac da xorciTac dauZlurebuli patriarqi
80 VII kreba<br />
nikea, 787 w.<br />
81<br />
male gardaicvala. saWiro gaxda axali patriarqis arCeva.<br />
dedofalma irinem Rrmad ganaTlebul saxelmwifo mdivanze,<br />
tarasize SeaCera arCevani. 22 SeTavazebul winadadebaze tarasim<br />
ganacxada, rom patriarqobas mxolod im pirobiT miiRebda, Tuki<br />
xatTayvaniscemis aRsadgenad kreba iq neboda mowveuli. es azri<br />
dedofalmac gaiziara da 784 wlis qristeSobis dRes tarasi<br />
patriarqad ekurTxa.<br />
786 wlis zafxulSi <strong>msoflio</strong> krebisaTvis aucilebeli<br />
samzadisi ukve damTavrebuli iyo. krebis Catarebis adgilad<br />
konstantinepolis wm. mociqulTa saxelobis taZari dainiSna,<br />
ro me lic Tavisi siZveliTa da didebulebiT gamoirCeoda. igi<br />
konstantine didis mier iyo aSenebuli, xolo ganaxlebuli<br />
da mdidrulad Semkuliÿ_ÿiustinianes mier. amave dros wm.<br />
mociqulTa taZari bizantiis imperatorebisa da patriarqebis<br />
saZvales warmoadgenda.<br />
romis papma adriane pirvelma krebaze Tavisi legatebi,<br />
protopresviteri petre da iRumeni petre gamogzavna. aleqsandriisa<br />
da antioqiis patriarqebis warmomadgenlebi sapatriarqos<br />
svingelozebi ioane da Toma xucesebi iyvnen; maT Tan<br />
Camoitanes ierusalimis patriarqis epistole, romelSic igi<br />
xatTayvaniscemas uWerda mxars. konstantinepolis patriarqatis<br />
episkoposebic Seikribnen. magram konstantinepolis 786 wlis<br />
krebas Catareba ar ewera. 31 ivniss, <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis gaxsnis<br />
win, xatTmbrZolobis ideebiT gaJRenTili jariskacebis wreSi<br />
buntma ifeTqa. es is jari iyo, romelsac winandeli imperatorebis,<br />
leon III da konstantine kopronimis wrfeli erTguleba<br />
hqonda SemorCenili: isini xom SesaniSnavi sar d lebi iyvnen da<br />
maTi winamZRolobiT laSqars mterze gamarjvebiT ara erTxel<br />
usaxelebia Tavi. axla ki, imperatoris gvardia xatTmbrZoli<br />
episkoposebis ganzraxvis aRmsrulebeli gamodga. jari wm. mociqulTa<br />
eklesias miadga da yvirili atexa. bunts xatTmbrZoli<br />
episkoposebi meTaurobdnen. isini acxadebdnen, rom kopronimis<br />
22 unda aRiniSnos, rom bizantiaSi saero pirebi kargad erkveodnen<br />
<strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong>Si: aq ganaTlebul adamianad mxolod iseTi pirovneba<br />
iTvleboda, romelsac sxva mecnierebebTan erTad <strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong>c<br />
hqonda Seswavlili; amitom saero pirebidan patriarqis amorCeva<br />
siZneles ar warmoadgenda.<br />
Catarebuli krebis Semdeg xatebis Sesaxeb <strong>msoflio</strong> kreba aRar<br />
unda Semdgariyo. dedofal irines jaris winaaRmdeg Tavidan<br />
araviTari mkacri zoma ar miuRia, raTa Sinaomi ar gamoewvia.<br />
man meamboxeebi ubralod uyuradRebod datova. jariskacebma am<br />
dRes bevri iyvires, magram bolos da bolos daiSalnen, radgan<br />
SimSilma SeaxsenaT, rom sadilis dro didi xnis gadasuli iyo.<br />
jaris buntma dedofali miaxvedra, rom sanam <strong>msoflio</strong> krebas<br />
moiwvevda, jari unda ganeridebina. am mizniT man musulmanebze<br />
laSqroba gamoacxada; jari konstantinepolidan gavida, magram<br />
dedofalma brZaneba gaauqma da legionebi saxlebSi daiTxova.<br />
erTi wlis Semdeg, roca xalxis mRelvareba dacxra, nikeaSi<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba iqna mowveuli. sxdomis adgilad<br />
sofiis taZari SeirCa. nikeaSi miRebuli gansazRvrebebis xelmowerebis<br />
mixedviT krebas 307 mama daeswro. krebas imperiis<br />
umaRlesi didebulebic eswrebodnen. gaxsnis dRe 787 wlis 24<br />
seqtemberi iyo.<br />
kreba pirvel rigSi xatTmbrZolobaSi braldebuli episkoposebis<br />
eklesiisaTvis SemoerTebis sakiTxs Seexo. TiToeulma<br />
maTganma eresis dagmoba werilobiT warmoadgina da krebisgan<br />
Sendoba iTxova. krebis mier Sewynarebuli aTi episkoposidan<br />
saeWvod mxolod grigol neokesarielis sakiTxi idga, radgan<br />
mas mwvaleblobasTan erTad marTlmorwmuneTa devnac edeboda<br />
bralad, magram ukanaskneli braldeba ar dadasturda da krebam<br />
grigoli mowyalebiT pirvandeli xarisxiT aRadgina.<br />
meore saqme wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb WeSmariti swavlebis<br />
gamorkvevas exeboda. Tavidan krebam wm. werilidan is<br />
adgilebi amoikiTxa da gaarCia, romlebic xatTayvaniscemis ganmtkicebas<br />
Seuwyobdnen xels. gamosvlaTa da ricxvTa wignebidan<br />
waikiTxes RmrTis mcnebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gakeTebuliyo<br />
mowmobis karavSi aRTqmis kidobnis oqros saxuravi da<br />
adamianis msgavsi frTiani qerubimebi (gams. 25; 17,22. ricx. 7,89).<br />
agreTve, winaswarmetyveli ezekielis wignidan amoikiTxes friad<br />
sayuradRebo mowmoba. winaswarmetyveli xilvis dros nanax<br />
saidumlo taZris Semkulobas ase aRwers: `Sesasvlelis Tavze,<br />
taZris Sida da gareTa mxare, mTeli kedeli irgvliv, Signidan<br />
da garedan, Tanazomieri iyo. amokveTili iyo qerubimebi
82 VII kreba<br />
nikea, 787 w.<br />
83<br />
da palmebi; palma qerubimsa da qerubims Soris iyo, ori saxe<br />
hqonda yovel qerubims. kacis saxe palmisaken iyo miqceuli erT<br />
mxares da lomis saxe palmisken iyo miqceuli meore mxares. ase<br />
iyo gakeTebuli mTel taZarSi irgvliv. iatakidan Sesasvlelis<br />
Tavamde qerubimebi da palmebi iyo gamoxatuli. aseve taZris<br />
kedelze~ (ezek. 41,17-20). xatTayvaniscemis WeSmaritebis dasamtkiceblad<br />
krebam axali aRTqmidan erTi adgili moiyvana, kerZod<br />
ebraelTa mimarT episto ledan, sadac naxsenebia, rom ka ravis<br />
wmidasa da wmida wmidaTaSi sasanTle, tabla, aRTqmis kidobani,<br />
manana takukiT da aaronis kverTxic iyo moTavsebuli (9,1-5).<br />
wm. werilidan moxmobili adgilebis Semdeg, krebam wm. mamaTa<br />
xatTayvaniscemis WeSmaritebis damamtkicebeli uricxvi<br />
mowmoba warmoadgina. 23 Semdeg kreba im marTlmadidebluri<br />
Sexedulebis ganmartebaze gadavida, romelic xelovnebis religiasTan<br />
damo kidebulebas exeboda. xatTmbrZolebi religiur<br />
xelovnebas umaqnissa da uwmindurs uwodebdnen; nikeis kreba ki<br />
sxvagvarad afasebda am sakiTxs. wm. asteri amasielis (IV s.) Txzulebis<br />
wakiTxvam, romelSic igi amaRlebuli da mgrZnobiare<br />
sulierebiT aRwers wm. mowame evfrasias gamosaxulebas, krebas<br />
saSualeba misca religiis xelovnebasTan damokidebuleba<br />
misi Sexedulebis safuZvelze gamoexata. krebis monawileni am<br />
Txzulebis gacnobis Semdeg ambobdnen: `maSasadame, mxatvris<br />
xelovneba wmida saqmea, da sruliad ara iseTi ram, romelsac<br />
SeiZleba vinmem dascinos, rogorc amas zogierTi xatTmbrZoli<br />
akeTebs; es mama fermwers keTilmsaxur adamianad warmogvidgens~.<br />
igive azria gamoxatuli sxva mamis mierac: `kargi mxatvari<br />
xelovnebis meSveobiT sagnebs yovelTvis ise warmogvidgens,<br />
rogorc mowame evfrasias xatis damweri; amitomac es maswavlebeli<br />
aq aqebs samxatvro xelovnebas~. patriarqma tarasimac<br />
warmoTqva sityva wm. asteris Txzulebis Sefasebisas: `wm. mama<br />
mowameTa sagmiro istoriis gamoxatvas qadagebs~.<br />
wm. mamaTa nawerebis moxmobis Semdeg kreba xatTayvaniscemis<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani mxaris garkvevaze gadavida: ro gor<br />
23 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari (Tavi:<br />
`xatTmbrZolobis warmoSoba~), amitom gameorebas moverideT da wm.<br />
mamaTa Sexedulebebi aq aRar mogvyavs.<br />
gavigoT da riTi gamovxatoT wm. xatebis Tayvaniscema? krebis<br />
monawile mamebs am sakiTxis dayenebis sababi Rirsi maqsime<br />
aRmsareblis cxovrebis erTi adgilis amokiTxvam misca, sadac<br />
naTqvamia: `abba maqsimem kesariis (biTviniaSi) episkopos Teodoresa<br />
da sxvebTan erTad muxli moiyara da wm. saxarebas,<br />
patiosan jvars, RmrTisa da macxovris ieso qristesa da yovladwmida<br />
RmrTismSoblis xatebs emTxvia~. amave dros abba<br />
maqsimem episkopos Teodores cremliT mimarTa: `Cven yvela<br />
velodebiT gankiTxvis dRes; Sen ici, ra gamoisaxeba da risi<br />
gamosaxvaa dadgenili cxovelmyofel jvarze, macxovrisa da<br />
yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis xatebze~. am adgilis wakiT xvis<br />
Semdeg mamebma wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb TavianTi azri<br />
gamoTqves; rogorc Cans, gasarkvevi Seiqnaÿ_ xatTayvaniscemaSi<br />
xatis Tayvaniscema (muxlis moyra, Tavis dakvra) igulisxmeboda<br />
Tu misi pativiT mTxveva.<br />
pirveli azris mxardamWerebi aseTi Sexedulebisani iyvnen:<br />
`gamoTqma `emTxvia~ aq wakiTxuli adgilis mixedviT Tayvaniscemis<br />
mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli. imitom, rom maqsimem Tayvani<br />
sca wm. saxarebasa da jvars, da maTTan erTad macxovrisa da<br />
yovlad wmida RmrTismSoblis xatebs~. da kidev: `diax, xatebs<br />
saxarebasa da jvarTan erTad erTnairi mniSvneloba aqvT~. sxva<br />
mamebis azri SedarebiT gansxvavebuli iyo; magaliTad, tarasi<br />
xatebs wm. WurWlebs adarebda, razec bevri daemowma. magram igi<br />
ase agrZelebda: `naxeT, Zmebo, naTqvamia, rom isini marTebuli<br />
mowiwebiT emTxvivnen; Cvenc aseve unda moviqceT imitom, rom Cveni<br />
Tayvaniscema mxolod RmerTs ekuTvnis~. ro gorc Cans, erTni<br />
xatebs Tayvaniscemis Rirsad miiCnevdnen, me oreni ki _ pativiscemisa.<br />
sabolood, wm. mamaTa naSromebis ufro gamowvlilviT<br />
gamorkvevam, krebas saSualeba misca upiratesoba pirvelisTvis<br />
mieniWebina, kerZod imisTvis, rom saWiroa xatebis Tayvaniscema<br />
da ara mxolod maTi keTilkrZalulebiT mTxveva. am mxriv sxva<br />
mowmobebTan erTad Zlieri gavlena iqonia wm. anastasi Teopolelis<br />
epistoledan Semdegi adgilis amokiTxvam: `Cven Tayvans<br />
vscemT wmidanebsac da angelozebsac, magram ar vemsaxurebiT<br />
maT rogorc RmerTs, rameTu mose ambobs: `uflisa RmrTisa<br />
Senisa geSinoden da mas mxolosa hmsaxurebde~ (meor. sj. 6,13).
84 VII kreba<br />
nikea, 787 w.<br />
85<br />
naxe, am sityvas _ hmsaxurebde _ erTvis mxolosa, xo lo sityva<br />
geSinodens ÿ_ ara.<br />
amrigad, mxolod RmrTis Tayvaniscema rodia SesaZlebeli,<br />
imitom rom Tayvaniscema pativiscemis maCvenebelia, magram<br />
msaxureba ki RmrTis garda aravisi ar SeiZleba~. krebam angelozebisa<br />
da wmindanebis Tayvaniscemaze gamoTqmuli azri<br />
xatebis Sesaxebac ganavrco; Semdeg xatebTan dakavSirebuli saswaulebic<br />
gaixsena da sabolood daaskvna: `siyvaruliT viRebT<br />
patiosani da cxovelmyofeli jvris gamosaxulebas, aseve wmida<br />
da patiosan xatebsac vcnobT, siyvaruliT viRebT da SevitkbobT<br />
wm. mamaTa Zveli gadmocemis Tanaxmad, romlebic xatebs Tavad<br />
aRiarebdnen da Tvlidnen, rom isini yvela eklesiasa da RmrTis<br />
meufebis yovel adgilze unda yofiliyvnen dasvenebulni. Cven am<br />
xatebs, kerZod macxovris, RmrTismSoblisa da yvela wmidanisa,<br />
pativs vcemT da mokrZalebiT veTayvanebiT, raTa ferweruli<br />
gamosaxulebebis saSualebiT SesaZlebeli gaxdes mogoneba<br />
pirvelsaxisa (e. i. TviT gamosaxulisa da misi saTnoebis) da<br />
ganwmendis monawileni SeviqmneT~. amis Semdeg krebam xatTmbr-<br />
Zolobis mTeli swavleba dagmo. mamebi im das kvnamde mividnen,<br />
rom xatTmbrZolebi TavianTi SexedulebebiTa da moqmedebebiT<br />
erTianad moi cavdnen da imeorebdnen manamde arsebuli yvela<br />
cdomilebisa da eresis borotebas: xatTmbrZoloba mravali<br />
mwvaleblobis Sejamebas warmoadgenda.<br />
wm. kirile ierusalimelis sityvidan erTi nawyveti iqna<br />
wa kiTxuli, sadac naTqvamia: `ara vis smenia nabuqodonosorma<br />
rom gaanadgura qerubimebi? go ne biT gansaWvretsa da zeciur<br />
qerubimebze ki ar vambob, aramed im qerubimebze, romlebic<br />
taZarSi iyvnen gakeTebulni da sakurTxevels ifaravdnen da<br />
ro melTa Sorisac RmrTis kanoni pirmetyvelebda~. am adgilis<br />
wakiTxvam kreba im dask vnamde miiyvana, rom xatTmbrZolebi<br />
Rirsni iyvnen nabuqodonosoris mware xved ris gaziarebisa.<br />
krebis azriT, xatTmbrZolebi iseTive borot ni iyvnen, rogorc<br />
samaritelebi da maTze uaresnic ki. wm. svimeon mesvetis<br />
(umcrosis) im mowmobam, rom mis dros viRac samaritelebs<br />
xatebi CamouyriaT, krebis mamebs sababi misca ganecxadebinaT:<br />
`yvelasTvis cnobilia, rom samaritelebi yvela mwvaleblebze<br />
uaresad miiCnevian. xolo patiosani xatebis uarmyofelebi,<br />
amaTze uaresnic ki arian, magram isic sakmarisi iqneba, Tuki maT<br />
samaritelebis Tanabrad CavTvliT~. Semdeg krebam xatTmbr-<br />
Zolebi iudevelebs Seadara. er Ti mowmobis wakiTxvis Semdeg,<br />
sadac iudevelTa mier xatebis miuReblobasa da gakicxvaze<br />
iyo laparaki, krebis erT-erTma monawilem Tqva: `Cveni uflis<br />
ieso qri stes gangebulebas uaryofen isini, romlebic uaryofen<br />
xatebs, rogorc es ebraelebi; amitom xatebis uarmyofelni maTi<br />
msgavsia~. krebam miiCnia, rom qristianul samyaroSi sxvadasxva<br />
dros gamovlenili mwva leblobebis miuxedavad, xatTmbrZolebs<br />
meti msgavseba ma inc maniqevelebTan da severozelebTan (mo nofi<br />
zituri seqta) ufro hqondaT. maniqe velebTan msgavseba krebam<br />
imis safuZvelze daadgina, rom xatTmbrZolebi eklesiis mier<br />
uaryofili apokrifuli wigniT sar geblobdnen (`wm. mociqul-<br />
Ta mog zaurobani~). am wignSi ki laparakia imaze, rom qristes<br />
moCvenebiTi sxeuli hqonda, rasac swo red maniqevelebi amtkiceben.<br />
xolo severozelebTan msgavseba ze is faqti miuTiTebda, rom<br />
esenic xatTmbrZolobdnen mtredebis gamosaxulebebis winaaRmdeg,<br />
romelTa saxiTac eklesiaSi suliwminda warmodgindeboda.<br />
amis Semdeg krebam xatTmbrZolebi SeaCvena da, pirvel rigSi,<br />
krebis SuaSi xatebis dasveneba da maTi mTxveva brZana, me ore<br />
rigSi ki xatebis winaaRmdeg dawerili yvela Txzule b is dawva<br />
gadawyvita.<br />
xatTmbrZolebis winaaRmdeg krebis muSaobis umniSvnelovanesi<br />
Sedegi kopronimis mier mowveuli cru <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis<br />
sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis ganxilva iyo, gansazRvrebisa,<br />
romelic wm. xatebis Tayvaniscemis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli.<br />
es simbolo xatTmbrZolobis cnobil dokuments warmoadgenda,<br />
romelic miT umetes iqcevda yuradRebas, radgan episkoposTa<br />
Soris jer kidev iyvnen kopronimis krebis TanamgrZnobi<br />
adamianebi. <strong>msoflio</strong> krebam gamowvlilviTa da gu lmodgined<br />
gamoikvlia gansazRvrebis yvela is safuZveli, ri Tac kopronimis<br />
xatTmbrZolTa krebis cru swavleba iniRbeboda. kreba<br />
am gansazRvrebis yovel arguments nabij-nabij mi hyveboda da<br />
gmobda.<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebis ori ukanaskneli sxdoma (7 da 8) wm. xatebis
86 VII kreba<br />
nikea, 787 w.<br />
87<br />
Se saxeb marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebrivi gansazRvrebis gamo<br />
cxadebasa da damtkicebas mieZRvna. igi ase ikiTxeba:<br />
ganvsazRvravT, rom wmida da patiosani xatebi miRe bulia<br />
(TayvaniscemisaTvis) swored iseve, rogorc pati osani cxovelmyofeli<br />
jvris gamosaxuleba, iqnebian isini saRebavebiT<br />
da werili, Tu mozaikiT an romelime sx va nivTierebiT Sesrulebulni,<br />
an gamosaxulni RmrTis wmida eklesiis nakurTx<br />
WurWlebsa da Sesamoslebze, kedlebsa da dafebze, an saxlsa da<br />
gzis pirebze, da amave dros es xatebi iqnebian uf ali ieso qristesi,<br />
yovladwmida RmrTismSoblisa, an patiosani angelozebisa<br />
da yvela wmida da Rirsi mamisa. rac ufro xSirad iqceva xatebi<br />
Cveni Wvretis sagnebad, miT ufro aRiZvrian am xatebis Semyureni<br />
pirvelsaxis mogonebiT, maT mimarT ufro did siyvaruls Sei-<br />
Zenen da meti wadierebiT emTxvevian, muxls moiyrian da Tayvans<br />
scemen maT, magram arasgziT ara im WeSmariti msaxurebiT,<br />
romelic Cveni rwmeniT, mxolod RmrTeebriv bunebas Seefereba.<br />
yvelafris Sesaxeb, rac krebam gaakeTa, dedaqalaqSi dawvri<br />
lebiT euwya dedofal irines. man krebaze miRebuli gansaz-<br />
Rvrebis sazeimo damtkicebisTvis dRe TviTon daniSna. mamebis<br />
Sek rebis adgili konstantinepolSi mangavris sasaxle iyo.<br />
de dofalma ufliswulis TandaswrebiT pativi miago krebas.<br />
patri arqma da dedofalma mokle sityvebi warmoTqves, ris<br />
Semdegac am ukanasknelma ganacxada: `dae, Tqvens mier aRiarebuli<br />
gansazRvreba yvelas gasagonad iqnas wakiTxuli~. _ÿroca<br />
es Sesrulda, dedofalma Tqva: `dae, wmida da <strong>msoflio</strong> krebam<br />
Tqvas, saerTo SeTanxmebiT aRiarebT Tu ara am wakiTxul gansaz<br />
Rvrebas?~ krebis monawile mamebma upasuxes: `Cven yvelas<br />
ase gvwams, yvela ase vfiqrobT da saerTo mowiwebiT xeli<br />
mo va wereT mas!~ maSin dedofalma irinem mowiwebiT miiRo sar<br />
w munoebrivi gansazRvrebis gragnili, romelsac masTan er Tad<br />
yrma imperatormac moawera xeli, da samefo beWdiT dabeWda.<br />
amiT vamTavrebT <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong>s aRweras da, madloba<br />
ufals, Tuki vrceli naSromidan gamokrebili Sinaarsis gadmoTargmniT<br />
sargebloba movutaneT am sakiTxiT dainteresebul<br />
mkiTxvels. Txroba ki davasruloT fragmentiT im mWevrmetyveluri<br />
xotbidan, romelic diakonma epifanem uZRvna<br />
ukanasknel krebas: `gixarodes Senc, mTels dedamiwaze ganfenilo<br />
kaTolike eklesiao, izeime da imxiarule sakuTari Svilebis<br />
SekrebiT; gacveTili flasi ganiZarcve da marTlmadideblo bisa<br />
da erTianobis gaucveTeli samosi Seimose. Sen, viTarca sasZlos<br />
saukuneTa meufis, Zisa da RmrTis sityvisa, ferwerulad Seqmnili<br />
misi kacisebri xatis tareba Segferis, raTa Ca n des, rom Sen xar<br />
sZali sameufo~. amin.
88 cneba dogmatisa<br />
89<br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong><br />
<strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong><br />
Sesavali<br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong> RmrTismetyvelebis sagans dogmatebi anu gamocxadebiTi<br />
religiis mWvretelobiTi WeSmaritebani warmoadgenen,<br />
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, yvelaferi is, rac RmerTSi misive<br />
wyalobiT rwmeniT ganiWvriteba, radgan adamianTan urTierTobaSi<br />
Sesvla RmrTis keTilmnebelobis Sedegia.<br />
dogmati momdinareobs berZnuli sityvidan, rac fiqrs, varauds,<br />
miCnevas niSnavs. qristianuli TvalsazrisiT ki masSi<br />
mtkice rwmena (dajerebuloba) da Sinagani uryeoba igulisxmeba.<br />
qristianuli dogmatis gansakuTrebiT aucilebeli Tviseba misi<br />
RmrTeebrivi warmomavlobaa. misi sinamdvile droebiT yofaze<br />
ki araa damokidebuli, aramed mudam ucvleli RmrTis maradiul<br />
WeSmaritebaze, romelic Tavis Tavs RmrTeebrivi gamocxadebis<br />
dros avlens. amitom marTalni ar arian protestanti avtorebi,<br />
romlebic dogmats ama Tu im droSi gabatonebul mosazrebad<br />
miiCneven. amiT isini eklesiis mamaTa swavlebis sapirispirod<br />
istoriul WeSmaritebas Seuracxyofen da TviT qristianobas<br />
amcireben. <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebebze ki wmida da netari<br />
mamebis mier Camoyalibebuli dogmatebis mowinaaRmdegeebs<br />
anaTemas ucxadebdnen.<br />
wm. basili didis TqmiT: `RmrTis dogmatebi ucilobelia~.<br />
swored amiT gansxvavdeba qristianuli dogmatebi yvela sxva<br />
araqristianuli religiis azrebisagan, filosofiuri dogmebisa<br />
an politikisagan; igi gansxvavdeba iseTi qristianuli<br />
WeSmaritebebisganac, romlebic RmrTis gamocxadebas ar Seicavnen,<br />
mag., <strong>saeklesio</strong> dadgenilebebisgan RmrTismsaxurebisa da<br />
keTilmoweseobis Sesaxeb. eklesiis mamebi dogmatebs, rogorc<br />
mWvretelobiTi WeSmaritebis dargs, qristianuli wesebisagan<br />
gamoyofdnen. wm. kirile ierusalimeli ambobda: `marTlmorwmuneoba<br />
ori sagnisagan Sedgeba: zusti, wmidaTawmida debulebebisa<br />
da keTili saqmeebisagan, radganac mxolod dogmatebi,<br />
keTili saqmeebis gareSe, RmrTisTvis saTno ar aris; amasTan, is<br />
saqmeebic miuRebelia, romlebic marTali sarwmunoebis dogmatebze<br />
ar arian dafuZnebulni~. wm. ioane oqro piris sityvi-<br />
Tac: `qristianoba rogorc dogmatebis kanonebs, aseve jansaR<br />
cxovrebasac iTxovs.~ aseve <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong>c sarwmunoebis aRiarebas<br />
dogmatebs uwodebdnen da maT drois moTxovnilebaTa<br />
mixedviT adgendnen, xolo yvela sxva dadgenilebas kanonebs<br />
anu cxovrebis wesebs arqmevdnen. dogmatis arsi asec SeiZleba<br />
gamoixatos: maSin, roca religia aris adamianis RmerTTan kav-<br />
Siri, romelsac RmrTisa da adamianis urTierTdamokidebuleba<br />
gansazRvravs, dogmatebi, zneobrivi azrebisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
RmrTis Sesaxeb gamocxadebis mWv retelobiT azrsa da adamianTan<br />
mis kavSirs aRniSnaven, ro melic praqtikuli WeSmaritebebisgan<br />
damoukideblad Seicnoba.<br />
qristianuli sarwmunoebis mTavari sagani an mTavari azri,<br />
romelic yvela dogmats erTmaneTTan akavSirebs, SeiZleba ase<br />
gamoiTqvas: `qristianuli sarwmunoebis arsi RmrTisÿ_ mamis,<br />
Zisa da suliwmidis _ Sesaxeb swavlebasa da codviT dacemuli<br />
kacobriobis gamoxsniT gamovlenil RmrTis sibrZneSi mdgomareobs~.<br />
axla ki gavecnoT gonebis monawileobis sakiTxs sarwmunoebasTan<br />
mimarTebaSi.<br />
CvenSi arsebuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdego nebsiTi Tu uneblieTi<br />
cnobiereba isev apirispirebs gonebas dogmatikasTan.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mxolod mas, visac ara aqvs swori warmodgena<br />
arc RmrTisa da arc misi nebis, arc adamianis gonebis<br />
Sesaxeb, SeuZlia dauSvas gonebis ganmgebloba gamocxadebis<br />
dogmatebze. saqme isaa, rom codviT damZimebuli Cveni goneba<br />
mWvretelobiTi WeSmaritebis gamocxadebas, rogorc gamocdi<br />
le bi Tac cnobilia, cudad igebs (I kor. 1,21). Tanamedrove<br />
adamianis suliereba imdenad Seryeulia, rom misTvis RmrTis<br />
gansakuTrebuli Semweobaa aucilebeli. Tuki RmerTma Tavisi<br />
usazRvro saxierebiT adamianebisTvis Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb<br />
iseTi swavlebis micema ineba, romelsac adamiani TviTon vera
90 cneba dogmatisa RmrTis Semecneba<br />
91<br />
sodes ver Seityobda da ver axsnida, es misi (RmerTis) sikeTis<br />
Sedegia da adamianebs isRa darCeniaT, mokrZalebuli madliere-<br />
RmrTis Semecneba<br />
biT miiRon gamovlenili sibrZne.<br />
axla ase davsvaT sakiTxi: dogmatikam unda gadauRobos Tu<br />
ara gza gonebis gamoZaxils im WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb, romelic<br />
mxolod gamocxadebiTaa cnobili?ÿ_ÿTuki gamocxadeba adamians<br />
imisTvis eZleva, rom Tavis uZlurebas umkurnalos da TviT gamocxadeba<br />
WeSmaritebis miTiTebiT rwmenis saidumloebebs Cvens<br />
SegnebasTan aaxloebs, dogmatika maSin imoqmedebs gamocxadebis<br />
Sesabamisad, roca gonebas aCvenebs, rom ama Tu im gamocxadebis<br />
saidumlo, Tumca SeuZlebelia gonebrivi sawyisidan momdinareobdes,<br />
magram ar ewinaaRmdegeba gonebis mWvretelobiTsa<br />
da praqtikul moTxovnilebebs, ara med piriqiT, TviT gonebis<br />
ama Tu im saWiroebas exmareba da codviT miyenebul ama Tu im<br />
uZlurebas mkurnalobs.<br />
amrigad, dogmatika aiZulebs ra gonebas aRiaros rwmenis<br />
saidumloebebis keTilismyofeli Zala, ki ar amcirebs, aramed<br />
RmerTi arsiT erTia da RmrTis arsis yoveli TvisebisaTvis<br />
RmrTis erToba is pirobaa, romliTac TviT am Tvisebebis<br />
arsebobaa SesaZlebeli. aqedan gamomdinare, RmrTis erToba<br />
metia, vidre RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi; igi aucilebeli pirobaa<br />
rogorc RmrTis yofierebisTvis, aseve RmrTis arsisaTvis. amave<br />
dros manam, sanam RmrTis Sesaxeb raimes vityodeT, sa Wiroa<br />
gavarkvioT sakiTxi RmrTis Semecnebis SesaZleblobebze, rom<br />
Cveni msjeloba zomierebas ar gadacdes.<br />
meore saukuneSi valentini da karpokrate, xolo meoTxeSi<br />
evnomiosi aswavlidnen, rom adamianisaTvis RmerTi sruliad<br />
misawvdomia. sapirispiro azrs icavdnen markionitebi da maTi<br />
Tanamedrove cru maswavleblebi, romlebic ambobdnen, rom<br />
RmerTi Cveni SemecnebisaTvis sruliad miuwvdomelia. amitom<br />
saWiroa gavarkvioT: ra SeiZleba vicodeT RmerTis Sesaxeb?<br />
gamocxadebiT WeSmaritebebs gonebis TvalSi aRamaRlebs da<br />
`rameTu mecnierebaÁ igi RmrTisaÁ cxad ars maT Soris, ra-<br />
mis Wir veulobaze imarjvebs. amitom saWiro ar aris dogmat ur<br />
meTu RmerTmanve gamoucxada maT~ (rom. 1,19). mociqulis swa-<br />
sakiTxebze sqolastikuri da kadnieri polemika, sadac mra vali<br />
vlebiT, adamianebs SeuZliaT RmrTis Semecneba da es SesaZle-<br />
sazrdoa lo gi ku ri msjelobisTvis da cota suli sTvis. gamocbloba<br />
dafuZnebulia imaze, rom RmerTi maT Tavis Tavs ucxadebs,<br />
dileba imis mowmea, rom sarwmunoebaSi eWvis Setana garegani sa-<br />
xolo maT gamocxadebis miRebis unari aqvT. RmrTis Semecnebis<br />
babis gareSec, zogierTisaTvis SeumCnevladac ki, Cveni wamxdari<br />
am SesaZleblobas bunebrivi ewodeba, radganac TviT Cveni<br />
sulis siRrmeSi aRmocendeba. am SemTxvevaSi ki sarwmunoebis<br />
mxridan mxolod dumili imdenad aramarTebulia, ramdenadac<br />
mavnebeli. mociqulma pavlem brZana, rom goneba rwmenas unda<br />
davumorCiloT (2 kor. 10,5). ase msjelobdnen eklesiis didi maswavleblebic.<br />
net. avgustines sityviT: `SeuZlebelia, rom RmerTs<br />
CvenSi ejavrebodes is, riTac misive gangebiT yvela cxovelze<br />
maRla vdgavarT. Cven imisTvis ar gvwams, rom gonebiT ar<br />
visargebloT; gonieri suli rom ar gvqonoda, sxvagvarad arc<br />
rwmuneba SegveZleboda~. wm. ioane oqropiri: `gansakuTrebiT<br />
maSin ufro gvwams, roca vgebulobT mizezebs, Tu ra ratom<br />
xdeba.~ swored maTi msjelobis sa Ri azriT unda ilaparakos<br />
dogmatikam da maSin gonebis ga daWa r bebuli gabedulebiT gamo<br />
wveuli Secdomebisagan daz Rveuli viqnebiT. mxolod aqve<br />
un da SevniSnoT, rom mecnierebisaTvis ufro azrebia saWiro,<br />
vidre sityvebi.<br />
RmrTivSeqmnili bunebis Tvisebas warmoadgens.<br />
imave mociqulis swavlebiT, RmerTi drois sxvadasxva periodSi<br />
da sxvadasxvagvarad ucxadebda WeSmaritebas xalxs<br />
winas warmetyvelebis meSveobiT, xolo adamianebisTvis misi<br />
yvelaze sruli da umaRlesi gamocxadeba Ze RmerTSi gamovlinda,<br />
romelic maradiuli mamis didebis brwyinvalebaa (ebr.<br />
1,3), radgan am bolo gamocxadebasÿ_ÿgamocxadebas RmrTisa Ze<br />
Rmer TSi _ safuZvlad udevs RmrTis namdvili da sruli yofiereba<br />
Tavis ZeSi, rogorc aswavlida TviT Ze RmrTisa (in.<br />
14,7-10). amitom RmrTis Semecneba qristeSi, qristes meSve obiT _<br />
ueWvelad swori da namdvili Semecnebaa: `xolo viciT, ra meTu<br />
Ze RmrTisaÁ movida da momca Cven gonebaÁ, raÁTa vico diT Cuen<br />
WeSmariti RmerTi da varT Cuen WeSmaritisa Tana, Zisa misisa<br />
ieso qritesa~ (1 in. 5,20).<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom RmerTma Tavis Tavi adamianebs qris
92 RmrTis<br />
Semecneba<br />
93<br />
teSi ganucxada, iudevelebma ver Seicnes igi. ratom? `Tquen<br />
xorcTaebr sjiT~,ÿ_ÿeubneba maT macxovari (in. 8,15-19), anu<br />
TqvenSi codnis unari ise ar aris mowyobili, rom axali<br />
swavlebis gageba da miReba SeZloT; Tqven Tqveni wamxdari<br />
bunebis moTxovnilebebiT msjelobT. aqedan Cans, rom RmrTis<br />
gamocxadebis misaRebad saWiroa ara marto goneba, razec ambobs<br />
mociquli, aramed gulis siwmindec. aseve aswavlida macxovari:<br />
`ukueTu vinme nebasa missa hyofdes, cnas man moZRurebaÁ ese,<br />
viTar raÁ ars: RmrTisagan ars, anu me TaviT TÂsiT vityÂ~ (in.<br />
7,17). mociqulebic imaves aswavlian: `yoveli romeli codvides,<br />
mas ara uxilavs igi, arca icis igi~ (1 in. 3,6). radgan adamis<br />
dacemasTan erTad mTeli kacobriobac dazianda da bunebaSi<br />
RmrTis gamocxadeba aRar kmaroda adamianebisTvis RmrTis<br />
Sesaxeb swori da sruli Semecnebis Sesatyobad, ise rom, TavianT<br />
Tavze mindobilma ama soflis brZenTac `icvales didebaÁ igi<br />
uxrwnelisa RmrTisaÁ msgavsad xatisa mis ganxrwnadisa kacisa<br />
da mfrinvelTa da oTxferxTa da quewarmavalTa~ (rom. 1,23),<br />
amitom amieridan RmrTis SemecnebisTvis aucilebelia adamianis<br />
ganaxleba RmrTis madliT, anu rac igivea, madliT zneobrivi<br />
srulyofa ganwmendisa da gonebrivi RmrTisSemecnebis gaumjobesebisaTvis.<br />
ufali, ambobs pavle mociquli, `naTelsa myof ars miuwdomelsa,<br />
romeli aravin ixila kacTaganman, arca xilvad xelewifebis~<br />
(1 tim. 6,16). es niSnavs, rom Tumca RmerTma Tavis Tavi<br />
gamoucxada adamianebs, magram RmrTis didebuleba ganuzomelia<br />
da amitom miuwvdomelic, _ adamiani uZluria mTlianad moicvas<br />
igi.<br />
RmrTismxilveli mose evedreboda ufals: `miCvene didebaÁ<br />
Tavisa Senisa~; uflis pasuxidan Cans (gams. 33; 18, 23), rom sanam<br />
adamiani amqveynad cxovrobs, misTvis SeuZlebelia wmida RmrTis<br />
`pirispir~ ganWvreta, da am miwier yofaSi, RmerTi mxolod am<br />
yofierebisTvis Sesaferis sazRvrebSi ecxadeba mas da adamians<br />
mxolod RmrTis didebis anarekli (`zurgi~) SeuZlia ixilos.<br />
RmrTis Semecnebis Sesaxeb mociqulTa mier gamoxatuli<br />
niSnebis mixedviT aseT gansazRvrebebs vRebulobT:ÿa)ÿsamyaro<br />
da gamocxadeba, rogorc sarke, RmrTis saxes ireklaven _ da am<br />
gamoxatulebiT RmerTs SevimecnebT; aqedan gamomdinare, Cven<br />
RmerTs vxedavT ara uSualod, ara rogorc fizikur sxeuls,<br />
aramed mxolod da mxolod RmrTis anarekls; b)ÿRmrTis piri<br />
(saxe) gamocanis saxiT warmogvidgeba, amitom gonebiT unda<br />
ganvsajoT, rom rac SeiZleba naTeli warmodgena Segveqmnas<br />
Cve nTvis gamoCinebuli maRali sagnis Tvisebebis Sesaxeb; g)<br />
axla (amqveynad) RmerTs mxolod nawilobriv SevicnobT da ara<br />
mTlianad, da ara sruliad, zogierTi daskvnis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
mxolod sarkeSi areklil RmrTis erT mxares SevicnobT. amrigad,<br />
Cveni Semecneba RmrTisa sakuTriv rwmenaa da ara mecniereba<br />
(codna).<br />
mociquli ambobs, rom sxvadasxva dros RmerTi adamianebs<br />
ecxadeboda sxvadasxva saxiT (ebr. 1,1), xolo radganac CvenTvis<br />
cnobilia, rom RmrTis Semecnebis SesaZlebloba adamianebis<br />
miRebis unarzea damokidebuli, mociqulis sityvebidan Cans,<br />
rom RmerTi ama Tu im dros adamianebs imdens ucxadebda, ramdenis<br />
miRebac maT SeeZloT. momaval cxovrebaSi sxvagvarad<br />
viarsebebT da RmrTis Sesaxeb Semecnebac sxvagvari gveqneba:<br />
Tumca rogorc Cvens yofierebaSi, arc iq viqnebiT Tavisufalni<br />
SezRudulobisgan, magram Semecneba ukve saxeobrivi codna ki<br />
aRar iqneba, aramed RmrTis pirispir cnoba (ra Tqma unda maT-<br />
Tvis, romlebic RmrTis winaSe wmindanebad wardgebian). amrigad,<br />
RmrTis Semecnebis xarisxi imazea damokidebuli, ramdenis miReba<br />
SegviZlia Cven.<br />
mamaTa swavlebis saerTo daskvna wm. grigol RmrTismetyvelis<br />
sityvebiT SeiZleba gamoixatos: `RmrTis Sesaxeb unda<br />
iTqvas, rom igi arc sruliad miuwvdomelia da arc sruliad misawvdomi~.<br />
amisi damadasturebelia wm. werilSi warmodgenili<br />
RmrTis saxelebic, romlebic TviT RmrTis mieraa gamocxadebuli<br />
da RmrTis arsis namdvili, Tumca arasruli, gamomxatvelia.<br />
magaliTisaTvis warmovadginoT Zveli aRTqmis RmrTis<br />
gamomxatveli ebrauli sityvebi: elohim _ Zala, Zliereba;<br />
Saddai _ yovlismpyrobeli, yovladZlieri; el _ simtkice;<br />
adonai _ yovlismflobeli; elion _ uzenaesi. �<br />
� rac Seexeba rusul wyaroebSi XIX s-dan gavrcelebul saxels ieRova,<br />
SevniSnavT, rom igi cnobili tetragramidan (YHWH) masoreTebis mier<br />
pirobiTad Seqmnili terminia da ara RmrTis mier gamocxadebuli saxeli.<br />
bibliis Zvel berZnul, laTinur da, maT Soris, slavur redaqciebSi<br />
aRniSnuli sityva ar gvxvdeba.
94 RmrTis arsis<br />
Tvisebebi<br />
95<br />
kidev ufro srulad da amaRlebuladaa gamoxatuli RmerTi<br />
axal aRTqmaSi, radganac axal aRTqmaSi RmrTis Sesaxeb TviT Ze<br />
RmerTi laparakobda. ase magaliTad, ufro naTlad da pirdapiraa<br />
gamoTqmuli, rom RmerTi srulia (yovladsrulyofili),<br />
mxolod igia saxieri da brZeni, `sul ars RmerTi~ (in. 4,24), _<br />
eubneba macxovari samaritel dedakacs da migviTiTebs usxeulo<br />
arsis (RmerTis) pirovnul arsebobaze, romelsac gonTan<br />
da nebasTan erTad yofiereba Tavissave TavSi aqvs. magram<br />
RmrTis gamomxatveloba, Zvel aRTqmasTan SedarebiT axali<br />
aRTqmis upiratesobis miuxedavad, mainc fardobiTia rogorc<br />
Tavis saganTan, ise gamoTqmis SesaZleblobasTan mimarTebiT.<br />
RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi<br />
ara mxolod saerTod RmrTis, aramed misi yofierebis Sesaxeb<br />
msjelobisas, Cven ar ganvSorebivarT azrs RmrTis, rogorc<br />
pirovnuli da cxoveli arsis Sesaxeb. magram ra aris es pirov<br />
nuli da cxoveli arsi? romelia RmrTis arsis gamoma aSkaravebeli<br />
Tvisebebi? kiTxva gardauvalia, magram ara advilad<br />
pasuxgasacemi. miuwvdomelze mxolod is SegviZlia vTqvaT, rac<br />
man adamianisTvis Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb gamoacxada, da vTqvaT<br />
windaxedulad.<br />
sruliad zusti dayofa RmrTis Tvisebebisa SeuZlebelia, imitom<br />
rom SeuZlebelia RmrTis sruli Secnoba. magram sakiTxis<br />
SedarebiT sworad SerCeva SesaZlebelicaa da saWiroc.<br />
TviTmyofadi.ÿam TvisebiT RmerTi yofierebis aranair damokidebulebasa<br />
da gansazRvrulobas ar eqvemdebareba. igi<br />
Ta vis Tavad arsebobs da yovelives aZlevs yofierebas. goneba<br />
TviTmyofadobas RmrTis aucilebel Tvisebad im kanonis<br />
mixedviT miiCnevs, romliTac SemTxveviTi aucilebel sawyiss<br />
sa Wi ro ebs da rigi saboloo mizezebisa ar SeiZleba usasrulod<br />
gag rZeldes, aramed SeCerdeba pirvel arsebaze, TviTmyofadze,<br />
romelsac yofiereba aravisgan ar miuRia da yvela mizezis<br />
mizezs warmoadgens. TviT ufali ambobs Tavis Tavze: `me var<br />
RmerTi myofi, romeli var~ (gams. 3,14). es niSnavs, rom igi am<br />
sityvis sruli gagebiT arsebobs. Tavis TavSi srul yofierebas<br />
moicavs da sxva yovelives yofa maszea damokidebuli. RmrTis<br />
damoukidelobas gansakuTrebiT Zlierad da naTlad gamoxatavs<br />
ufali ieso qristes sityvebi, roca igi ambobs, rom mama RmerTs<br />
cxovreba Tavis TavSive aqvs (in. 5,26).<br />
maradiuli.ÿRmerTs ekuTvnis es Tviseba _ maradiuloba anu<br />
mudmivi myofoba, romlis mixedviTac mas arasodes arc dauwyia<br />
da arc Sewyvets arsebobas. gonebas ar SeuZlia ar aRiaros<br />
RmrTis es Tviseba, radgan misi uaryofa RmrTis yofierebis<br />
uaryofamdec miiyvanda. RmerTi da maradiuloba _ erTmane-<br />
Tisgan ganuyofelia. gamocxadeba gvaswavlis: `pirvel mTaTa<br />
dabadebadmde, da Seqmnad qveyanisa, da soflisa da saukuniTgan<br />
da ukunisamde Sen xar~ (fs. 89,2). RmerTi ara mxolod droze<br />
da droebiTi yofierebis pirobebze araa damokidebuli, aramed,<br />
netari avgustines sityviT rom vTqvaT, TviTonaa droisa da<br />
yovelive droSi warmavalis Semoqmedi.<br />
ucvleli.ÿes iseTi Tvisebaa, romlis gamoc RmrTis Zalebis<br />
nebismieri kleba an mateba, yofierebis erTi saxidan meoreSi<br />
gadasvla gamoricxulia. ase rom, RmerTi yovelTvis erTi da<br />
igivea. goneba am Tvisebas miawers RmerTs, rogorc damou ki debel<br />
arss, radgan TviTarsisaTvis gafarToebaca da Seviwroebac,<br />
iseve rogorc maradiulisTvis yofierebis erTi saxidan meoreSi<br />
gadasvla, SeuZlebelia. xolo rac Seexeba wm. werilSi<br />
aRniSnul RmrTis sinanulsa da risxvas, mxolod RmrTisadmi<br />
adamianis damokidebulebas gamoxatavs, radgan RmrTis ganwyobas<br />
Cvens mimarT vswavlobT ara sxvagvarad, Tu ara CvenTvis<br />
gasageb enaze.<br />
yvelganmyofi.ÿam TvisebiT RmerTi yvelaferTan da yvelas-<br />
Tan erTnairad axloa, da amitom, rogorc aravisgan gamoklebulsa<br />
da arafriT damTavrebuls, sxvagvarad ganuzomeli ewodeba.<br />
goneba RmrTis aseT Tvisebas RmrTis TviTmyofadobis<br />
aucilebel Sedegad miiCnevs. RmerTi rom yvelgan ar yofiliyo,<br />
maSin is imaze iqneboda damokidebuli, rac misi yofisa da moqmedebis<br />
sazRvrebs daadgenda. amitom RmrTis yvelganmyofobas<br />
warmarTi brZennic ki uSvebdnen, Tumca ciuri sxeulebis Tayvaniscema,<br />
iseve rogorc miwieri sagnebis gaRmerTeba, RmrTis<br />
ganuzomelobas aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeboda.<br />
Tuki zogjer wm. werili RmerTis sufevis adgils zecaze<br />
war mogvidgens, an mas sadme myofad gamoxatavs, amiT mxolod
96 RmrTis arsis<br />
Tvisebebi<br />
97<br />
mis gansakuTrebul didebulebaze, an mis saxierebaze miuTiTebs.<br />
radgan gamocxadeba RmrTis yvelganmyofobis WeSmaritebaSi<br />
gvarwmunebs, magram yvelganmyofobis saxes sizustiT ar warmogvidgens,<br />
isRa dagvrCenia, yvelganmyofobis ganumartebeli<br />
saxe CauZieblad ganvmartoT, azri RmrTis yvelganmyofobis<br />
Sesaxeb Cvens zneobriv yofas SevusabamoT da wm. ioane oqro piris<br />
sityvebi gavimeoroT: `viciT, rom RmerTi yvelganaa, magram<br />
rogor _ ar gvesmis~.<br />
suli.ÿrogorc sivrcisa da drois yofierebis pirobebidan<br />
gandgomili (Tavisufali) RmerTi uwmidesi sulia. RmrTis<br />
sulobaÿara mxolod simartive da yofierebaa, romelsac aranair<br />
nawilTa SenaerTTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs, aramed<br />
igi pirovnuli damoukidebeli yofierebaa. saRi goneba aRiarebs<br />
Tavisufal suls, rogorc RmrTis aucilebel Tvisebas:<br />
a) imitom, rom sxvagvarad mas ar SeuZlia axsnas Seqmnili<br />
sulebis arseboba, da b)ÿimitom, rom TviTmyofadi arsi rTuli<br />
rom yofiliyo, cvlilebasa da daSlas ganicdida. aseve SeuZlebeli<br />
iqneboda, rom igi wmidisa da gonieris sawyisi yofiliyo;<br />
siwmidec, ucvlelobac da maradiulobac Seusabamoa nivTier<br />
sirTulesTan da, maSasadame, es ukanaskneli srulyofili arsis<br />
sawinaaRmdego Tvisebas warmoadgens. ciceroni werda:<br />
`sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia warmovidginoT igi (RmerTi), Tu ara<br />
rogorc goni Tavisufali nebiT, romelic araviTar nivTier<br />
minarevTan araa dakavSirebuli da yovelives sulisCamdgmeli<br />
da mamoZravebelia~.<br />
axali aRTqmis gamocxadeba mTeli sicxadiT warmogvidgens<br />
rogorc RmrTis arsis umaRles simartives, ise TviTmyofad<br />
pirovnulobas. macxovari ambobs: `sul ars RmerTi~ (in. 4,24).<br />
azrobrivi kavSiri gviCvenebs, rom macxovari asaxelebs ra<br />
RmerTs sulad, masSi martiv, aranivTier arss gulisxmobs.<br />
imis dasadastureblad, rom suli usxeulo arss niSnavs, TviT<br />
macxovris sityvebi gavixsenoT: `sulsa xorc da Zval ara asxen~<br />
(lk. 24,39); an rogorc sxvagan ambobs : suli xorcis sawinaa Rm<br />
dego cxovelmyofeli sawyisia (in. 6,13). `RmerTis TvaliT danaxva,<br />
msgavsad sxva cocxali arsebebisa, SeuZlebelia; ro gorc<br />
platoni ambobs, igi mxolod gonebiT aRiqmeba, da me misi mjera~<br />
(wm. iustine, platonis Sesaxeb).<br />
goni.ÿradgan RmerTi TviTmyofadi sulia: misi sicxovele<br />
usrulyofilesi goniT mJRavndeba. da ra aris RmrTis goni?<br />
_ RmerTSi Zala ar SeiZleba iyos umoqmedod, ar SeiZleba<br />
arse bo bdes mxolod SesaZleblobis mniSvnelobiT, rogorc<br />
es Sez Rudul sulSi xdeba. amitom RmrTis goni amave dros<br />
aris codna (mWvreteloba, xedva); sxvagvarad RmrTis goni aris<br />
TviT yofiereba Wvretis mdgomareobaSi da misi codna misive<br />
yofierebisgan mxolod imiT gansxvavdeba, rom RmrTis gareT<br />
arsebulsac moicavs. RmerTis yovlismcodneobaSi ara mxolod<br />
is igulisxmeba, rom man yvelaferi icis, aramed isic, rom misi<br />
codna srulyofilia.<br />
adamiani Tavis Tavs Seicnobs arasrulad da Tan samyarosa<br />
da RmrTis Semecnebis saSualebiT. RmerTSi ki, TviT Semecneba<br />
srulia da mas amisTvis araviTari saSualeba ar sWirdeba. Tuki<br />
RmerTs SeqmnilTagan raime ar ecodineboda, maSin es imaze mianiSnebda,<br />
rom misi yofiereba yvelganmyofis yofierebas ar<br />
warmoadgens. gamocxadeba gvaswavlis, rom RmrTisTvis, umciresi<br />
sagnebis CaTvliT, yvela qmnileba cnobilia (ebr. 4,13; mT. 10, 29).<br />
yvela qmnileba drois kanons emorCileba da xan awmyos, xan<br />
warsuls da xan momavals miekuTvneba; amitom wm. werili, aR wers<br />
ra RmrTis codnas, rogorc yovlismomcvels, mas qmni lebis yofierebis<br />
samive damokidebulebaze avrcelebs. es codna agreTve<br />
adamianis gulis saidumlo zraxvebzec vrceldeba.<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, RmrTisTvis momavalic cnobilia, magram<br />
RmrTis winaswarcnoba adamianis Tavisuflebas ar zRudavs. net.<br />
avgustines msjelobiT: `Tu RmrTisaTvis mTeli rigi mizezebisa<br />
cnobilia, es kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom Cvens Tavisufal ne baze<br />
raime ar iyos damokidebuli. TviT Cveni survilebi mi zezTa<br />
im ricxvs ekuTvnis, romlebic RmrTisTvis cnobilia misi winaswarcnobis<br />
gamo, radgan adamianuri survilebi adami anur<br />
saqmeTa mizezebs emsaxurebian. adamiani imitom ki ar scodavs,<br />
rom RmerTma winaswar ganWvrita, rom is codvas Caidenda ~.<br />
yovladbrZeni.ÿRmrTis sibrZne aris saukeTeso miznebisa da<br />
saSualebebis srulyofili codna da aseTive unari ukanasknelis<br />
pirvelTan SeTanxmebisa. bunebrivi gonebac samyaros mowyobilobis<br />
ganxilvis, xalxebis da TiToeuli adamianis bedze<br />
dafiqrebisas, yovlismpyrobelis udides sibrZneSi rwmun deba. Zv.
98 RmrTis arsis<br />
Tvisebebi<br />
99<br />
aRTqmis gamocxadeba samyaroze, rogorc RmrTis udidesi sibrZnis<br />
sarkeze miuTiTebs; axal gamocxadebaSi ki _ yovladbrZenis<br />
saqme qristes mier Cveni gamoxsnis aRsrulebaa.<br />
neba.ÿRmrTis arsi gonis garda nebiTac mJRavndeba. rogorc<br />
RmrTis gonia yovlad srulyofili, aseve misi nebac yovlad<br />
srulyofilia. es RmrTis is Tvisebaa, romliTac RmerTs Tavisi<br />
gonis maRali zraxvebis Sesabamisad mxolod sikeTe nebavs da<br />
Tavis survilebs yovelgvari winaaRmdegobis gareSe aRasrulebs.<br />
wm. werili naTlad ambobs imis Sesaxeb, rom samyaros Seqmnac<br />
RmrTis nebis saqmea da RmerTs adamianis gadarCena swadia.<br />
RmerTs, ganfens ra Tavis survilebs samyarosa da adamianze,<br />
sakuTriv Tavisive srulyofilebis gamovlena nebavs (kol. 1,16;<br />
ebr. 2.10). `ufals ar nebavs is, rac misi Seqmnili ar aris~, _ ambobda<br />
tertuliane. RmrTis neba-survili imitomac aris samyaros<br />
saWiroebebTan SeTanxmebuli, rom igi TviT RmerTis Tvisebis<br />
Sesabamisia. RmerTs mxolod erTi ram _ sikeTe swadia, ara da<br />
ar SeiZleba RmrTis nebaSi gaoreba iyos.<br />
gamocxadebis swavlebiT, surs ra RmerTs adamianis gadarCena,<br />
mas mxolod misive (adamianis) survilis gaTvaliswinebiT ixsnis<br />
(lk. 10,25-28; mrk. 16,16; mT. 23,37). es piroba imitomac unda iyos<br />
daculi, rom adamianis Tavisufleba RmrTis saqmea, romelsac<br />
RmerTi Tavissave TavTan winaaRmdegobis gareSe ver Secvlis,<br />
amitomac igi adamians xels ar uSlis borotebis CadenaSi. misi<br />
keTilmnebeloba sikeTis mimarT aqac imaSi mJRavndeba, rom<br />
borotebis mware Sedegi adamianis ganmgeblobaSi ki ar rCeba,<br />
aramed RmrTis nebas emorCileba, romelsac surs bo roteba<br />
mware wamlobiT gamoasworos.<br />
RmrTis neba sruliad Tavisufalia.ÿes Tviseba imas niSnavs,<br />
rom RmerTi yovelgvari gareSe Zalis rCevis gareSe, yo ve lives<br />
mxolod sakuTari gonieri bWobiT (rCeviT) gansaz Rvravs. sxvagvarad<br />
mas TviTnebeloba SeiZleba vuwodoT. Rmr Tis Tavisufali<br />
nebis, rogorc mxolod sikeTis gamovlinebaze, TviTon<br />
gamocxadeba gveubneba. igi saSualebas gvaZlevs Rm r Tis sruli<br />
Tavisufleba davinaxoT: a)ÿqveynis SeqmnaSi (fs. 113; 11); b)ÿqveynis<br />
mowyobis gangebulebaSi (dan. 4,32); g)ÿco d v ili adamianebis gadarCenis<br />
saqmeSi. mociquli pativmoyva re iudevelTa azris uarsayofad,<br />
TiTqos isini RmerTs Tavis erad damsaxurebis mixedviT<br />
aerCios, isaakisa da iakobis magaliTze miuTiTebs (rom. 9,10-11),<br />
romelTa xvedri maT STamomavalTa xved rTan erTad dabadebamde<br />
gadawyvetili iyo: `raÁTa rCeviT wina-ganmzadebaÁ igi<br />
RmrTisaÁ egos~. 24 Semdeg moci quli imave RmrTis nebis Tavisuflebas<br />
moses sityvebiT (muxl. 15), faraonis xvedriT (muxl.<br />
19) da yvela qmnilebis xvedris mekecis TixasTan SedarebiT<br />
(muxl. 21) amtkicebs; bolos ki RmrTis Tavisufali moqmedebis<br />
mizanze miuTiTebs (muxl. 22-23). d)ÿTuki bunebriv gonebas eWvi<br />
gauCndeba imis Sesaxeb, rom RmrTis Tavisufali neba samyaros<br />
Seqmnisas amqveyniuri kan onebiT iyo Seviwroebuli, gamocxadeba<br />
daumtkicebs, rom sas waulebi da wi nas warmetyvelebebi RmrTis<br />
nebis saqmes warmoadgens, romlebic sam yaros kanonebze sruliadac<br />
ar arian damokidebulni. dak virvebiT ganxilvisas,<br />
bunebis kanonebic, e. w. ucilobeli, maTematikuri, logikuri<br />
WeSmaritebebic mxolod im SemTxvevaSi arian ucvlelni, Tuki<br />
isini umaRlesi nebis ganzraxvas emorCilebian, romelmac maT<br />
yofiereba mianiWa; amitomac RmrTiuri gzebis gansazRvrulobis<br />
miuxedavad Cveni locvebic marTebulia. locvebs rom samyaros<br />
ganmgeblis gegmebis Secvla ar SeuZlia, es TavisTavad naTelia,<br />
magram gulwrfelad mlocveli ambobs `iyavn neba Seni~, rac<br />
imas niSnavs, rom RmrTis Tavisufal gangebaSi locvebic Sedis<br />
Tavisi SedegebiTurT.<br />
aRiarebs ra RmrTis arsis TviTmyofadobas, gonebam RmrTis<br />
nebis sruli Tavisuflebac unda aRiaros, radgan ar SeiZleba<br />
raime aRZvra ganicados iman (RmerTma), vinc aravisze da araferze<br />
araa damokidebuli. eklesiis maswavleblebi am azrs imaTi<br />
mxilebisas ganmartaven, romlebic amtkicebdnen, rom samyaro ara<br />
RmrTis nebiT, aramed aucileblobiT warmoiSva, rogorc Crdili<br />
sxeulisagan, agreTve imaT winaaRmdeg msjelobisas, romlebic<br />
samyarosac da RmerTsac brma bedisweras uqvemdebarebdnen.<br />
yovladZlieri.ÿsurvilebSi Tavisufali neba RmrTisa<br />
24 Cveni wyaro ganmartavs, rom berZnul teqstSi xmarebuli sityva `ekloge~<br />
(`kat' eklogen~ _ qarT. arCevani) Tavisuflebis gamomxatvelia<br />
da mociqulic imitom amatebs am sityvas, rom RmrTis nebis Tavisufleba<br />
gamomJRavndes. samociqulos qarTul TargmanSi gamoyenebuli sityvac<br />
(`rCeviT~) Tavisi mniSvnelobiT imave azrs gamoxatavs, radgan, rogorc<br />
zemoT aRvniSneT, RmrTis nebis Tavisuflebas swored misi sakuTari<br />
arCevani gansazRvravs.
100 RmrTis arsis<br />
Tvisebebi<br />
101<br />
arafriT araa SezRuduli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis<br />
dro sac, anu sxvagvarad, yovladZlierebiTaa aRWurvili. wm.<br />
epifanes samarTliani TqmiT: `mas yvelaferi SeuZlia, rasac ki<br />
moisurvebs, magram mxolod RmrTisTvis Sesaferisad iqceva~,<br />
an rogorc wm. klimenti romaeli gvaswavlis: `RmrTis Tvis<br />
araferia SeuZlebeli, garda tyuilisa~; net. avgustine ki wers:<br />
`RmerTs, radganac yovlisSemZlea, ar SeuZlia mokvdes, motyu<br />
vdes da yovladZlieri imitomacaa, rom yovelive es ar aRemateba<br />
mis Zlierebas, radgan sikvdili rom SeZleboda, maSin<br />
arc yovlisSemZle iqneboda~.<br />
siwminde.ÿRmrTis Tavisufleba, ganxiluli moqmedebis aRZvrasTan<br />
damokidebulebaSi, warmoadgens zneobriv Tavisuflebas<br />
anu siwmindes. es iseTi Tvisebaa, romliTac RmrTis neba<br />
yovelTvis da yvelaferSi eTanxmeba Tavissave Sexedulebas<br />
yovladsrulyofil sikeTeze, romelic TviT RmerTSi arsebobs.<br />
es aris mudmivi da sruli Tanxmoba survilisa da moqmedebisa<br />
saqmis srulyofili aRsrulebiT. wm. werili, roca RmrTis<br />
sikeTeze miuTiTebs, zogjer masSi RmrTis xelSeuxe belsa da<br />
uaRres didebulebas gulisxmobs; an SeiZleba saku Triv misi<br />
nebis zneobrivi srulyofileba gamoxatos.<br />
azri RmrTis siwmindis Sesaxeb imdenad bunebrivia adamianisTvis,<br />
rom mravali warmarTTaganic RmerTs wmindad miiCnev da<br />
(esqile, sofokle), Tumca homerosTan warmodgenili berZnuli<br />
xalxuri <strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong> berZen xalxs pativs ar hmatebs. azris<br />
uaryofa RmrTis siwmindis Sesaxeb gonebisTvis igive iqneboda,<br />
rac Cveni sulieri bunebis Tandayolili zneobrivi kanonis<br />
ugulebelyofa, an rac igivea, rom ar migveRo azri RmerTis,<br />
rogorc yovladsrulyofili arsebis Sesaxeb; radgan siwminde<br />
gonier-Tavisufal arsebaSi srulyofilebaTagan pi rvelia, xolo<br />
codva _ naklulovanebaTagan uaresi.<br />
saxieri.ÿRmrTis neba siyvarulia, saxierebaa. mociqulis<br />
TqmiT _ RmerTi siyvarulia (1 in. 4,18); da, ra Tqma unda, ara<br />
mxo lod qmnilebaTa mimarT damokidebulebaSi, _ igi siyvarulia,<br />
igi saxierebaa TavisTavad (Tavis TavSi). amrigad, RmrTis<br />
saxiereba aris siyvaruli srulyofilebisa da sikeTis mimarT,<br />
Tavisive Tavisa da sxvebisaTvis. RmrTis saxiereba sxvadasxva<br />
damokidebulebis mixedviT, romelic xalxisa da qveynierebis<br />
mimarT vlindeba, sxvadasxvagvarad iwo deba: kacTmoyvareoba,<br />
mowyaleba, moTmineba, Sewynareba da madli.<br />
yvelaze ufro saocari mtkiceba RmrTis siyvarulisa adamianebis<br />
mimarT, nugeSinismcemelis madliT Ze RmerTis mier<br />
dacemuli adamianis aRdgenaa. vinc ar unda imsjelos RmrTis<br />
saqmeTa Sesaxeb, igi gulis siRrmidan unda aRiarebdes, rom<br />
RmerTi WeSmaritad siyvarulia. amaze balaxis yoveli Reros<br />
arsebobac metyvelebs, imitom rom sicocxliT tkbeba. miT umetes,<br />
amas aRiarebs adamianis sulieri buneba, rogorc ar unda daa<br />
maxinjos igi TviT adamianma:ÿRmrTis saxierebas xom TviT<br />
war ma rTebic aRiarebdnen. isini miiCnevdnen, rom ramdenadac<br />
adamianis sicocxle saflaviT ar mTavrdeba, xolo amqveyniuri<br />
gansacdelebi zneobriv sikeTes aswavlian, amdenad fizikuri<br />
boroteba sruliadac ar ewinaaRmdegeba RmrTis saxierebas.<br />
simarTle.ÿRmrTis simarTle iseT Tvisebas warmoadgens,<br />
romliTac TviT RmerTs, uyvars ra zneobrivi kanonis erTguleba,<br />
surs, rom gonieri qmnilebebic aRasrulebdnen mas. amitomac<br />
aZlevs maT sjuls da Sesrulebisas ajildovebs kidec,<br />
iseve rogorc darRvevis SemTxvevaSi sjis. amgvarad, RmrTis<br />
simarTle orgvar moqmedebaSi vlindeba da mas zogjer sa kanon<br />
mdeblo da zogjer sasyidlis mimgebi simarTle SeiZleba<br />
vuwodoT.<br />
wm. werili gvaswavlis, rom RmerTi `erTi ars sjulis mdebeli~<br />
(iak. 4,12), `rameTu ese ars nebaÁ RmrTisaÁ, siwminde ege<br />
Tqueni~ (1 Tes. 4,3), da iqve miTiTebulia, rom RmrTis brZanebebi<br />
orgvaria:ÿerTni TviT Cvens gulSia Cawerili da bunebiT wess<br />
warmoadgenen, meoreni ki dadebiTi debulebebisgan Sedgebian;<br />
aseTia Zveli wesi, romelic israels sinaze mieca, da axali wesi,<br />
romelic ufali ieso qristes mier gamocxadda da Cvens gulebSi<br />
suliwmindiTaa Cawerili (ier. 31,33; ebr. 8,8-11).<br />
gonebas ar SeuZlia RmerTSi Tavis sjulmdebels ar xedav des:<br />
sindisi _ Cveni Sinagani mosamarTle _ ganuwyvetliv gva xsenebs<br />
imas, vis mcnebebsac Cven varRvevT.<br />
gamocxadeba RmerTSi samarTliani sazRauris mimgebsac naTlad<br />
warmoaCens: a) sazRaurismimgebi RmrTis simarTle Tavis<br />
moq medebas yvela zneobriv arsebaze ganavrcobs, yvelas mimarT<br />
miukerZoebelia, umaRlesi gonis Sesatyvisi azriT moqm edebs da
102 RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi<br />
sampirovani RmerTi<br />
103<br />
amitom wyalobasa da sasjels moqmedebis mizanTan, moqmedebis<br />
Zalisa da saSualebis zomasTan aTanxmebs. b) yoveli sike Tis-<br />
Tvis ajildovebs, erTi Wiqa civi wylis miwodebisTvisac ki<br />
(mT. 10,42). ufa li simarTlis gvirgvins yvelas miuZRvnis, vinc<br />
mis ga mo Cinebas (gamocxadebas) Seiyvarebs (2 tim. 4,7-8). g) sjis<br />
an dasjis codvilebs mTeli maTi borotebisaTvis: misi saxe<br />
adamisa da kaenis, warRvnamdeli qveynisa da sodomisa da gomoris<br />
bedSia naCvenebi.<br />
mociquli gvaswavlis: `nu scdebiT, RmerTi ara Seuracxiqmne<br />
bis. rameTu raÁca-igi sTesos kacman, igica moimkos. rameTu<br />
romelman sTesos ÃorcTa Sina TÂsTa, ÃorcTa mier TÂsTa<br />
moimkos xrwnilebaÁ~ (galat. 6,7-8).<br />
Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadeba, grZnobaTa morCili da TviTneba<br />
ada mianebis gamosafxizleblad, RmrTis damsjel simarTles<br />
SemaSinebeli saxelebiT warmoadgens da adamianurad RmerTs<br />
SurismaZiebels, cecxliT STanmTqmels uwodebs da did mrisxa<br />
ne basac miawers mas. aseTi gamoxatva droSia nagulisxmevi,<br />
ma gram maTi azri maradiulia. Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadeba adamianebs<br />
umetesad miwier wyalobasa da sasjels aRuTqvamda,<br />
radgan grZnobas damonebul adamianebs xiluli gansacdelebi<br />
ufro aSineben, vidre sulieri. axali aRTqmis gamocxadebam ki<br />
adamianebs gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT warmouCina maradiuloba:<br />
sastiki _ codvilebisaTvis da netari _ marTalTaTvis.<br />
gonebac WeSmaritebad miiCnevs, rom RmerTs ara mxolod<br />
codvisa da siqvelis bunebrivi Sedegis gamocdis daSveba Seu-<br />
Zlia, aramed misTvis sakuTari simarTlis moqmedebacaa damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
usamarTloba sxvebis mimarT adamianebs axasiaTebT<br />
_ an gonebis, an nebisyofis sisustis gamo. magram RmerTSi arc<br />
erTsa da arc meores ar SeiZleba adgili hqondes; rogorc<br />
yovladZlier gons, mas yvela saSualeba aqvs, saqmeebis Sesabamisad<br />
miagos yvelas, roca amas saWirod CaTvlis.<br />
eklesiis mamebma gadaWres is gaugebroba, romelic RmrTis<br />
simarTlesTan iyo dakavSirebuli. rogor SevaTanxmoT RmerTSi<br />
codvilis damsjeli simarTle usasrulo sikeTesTan? _ gnostikosebsa<br />
da maniqevelebs es dauSveblad miaCndaT da ami tom<br />
ori sawyisi moigones _ keTili RmerTi da boroti RmerTi.<br />
sapirispirod msjelobdnen eklesiis maswavleblebi: WeSmariti<br />
RmerTi aucileblad unda iyos saxierica da sa marTlianic; Tu ar<br />
iqneboda erTica da meorec, anu saxieri rom yofiliyo, magram<br />
ara samarTliani, maSin arc RmerTi iqneboda; misi saxiereba<br />
samarTliani saxierebaa, radgan uyvars sikeTis myofeli da<br />
wyalobs maxvewars. aseve misi simarTlec _ saxieri simarTlea,<br />
radgan sjis Cveni zneobrivi sargeblobisa da umaRlesi srulyofilebis<br />
miRwevisaTvis.<br />
rogor SevaTanxmoT simarTlesTan is, rom aq marTalni itanjebian,<br />
xolo codvilebi bednierebiT tkbebian? _ a) amqve ynad<br />
sruliad marTali aravinaa. amitom samarTlianad isjebi an mar-<br />
Talnic, iseve rogorc samarTlianad tkbebian isini mSvi dobiT;<br />
b) da codvilebis umetes nawilSic bevria keTili. amitom Tumca<br />
aq codvilebi sindisisgan iqenjnebian da sakuTa r i codvebisgan<br />
idevnebian, magram sikeTiTac samarTlianad sa rgebloben.<br />
g) rogorc marTlebs, ise codvilebs saboloo sa marTliani<br />
gansasjeli maradiulobaSi elodeba (2 Tes. 1,4-10).<br />
netareba.ÿgonebisa da nebis moqmedebaTa SegrZneba saboloo<br />
jamSi yovelTvis mSvidobisa da sixarulis SegrZneba<br />
ro dia. RmrTis zemoqmedeba ki Tavis Tavze yovelTvis netarebas<br />
warmo adgens. RmrTis netareba RmrTis yofierebis im<br />
TviTgansazRvrebulobas niSnavs, romliTac RmerTi, flobs ra<br />
gonebisa da nebis umaRles srulyofilebas, tkbeba yvela Zalis<br />
SeTanx mebuli moqmedebis SegrZnebiT, romelic usrulyofiles<br />
sicocx lesa da misi qmnilebebis netarebis wyaros warmoadgens.<br />
Rmer Ti tkbeba netarebiT, romelic aravisze da araferze araa<br />
damokidebuli.<br />
RmerTi sampirovania _ mama da Ze da suliwmida<br />
miTiTebani wmida samebis saidumloze<br />
Zvel aRTqmaSi<br />
Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadebas samarTlianad SeiZleba ewodos<br />
mravalRmerTianobis mxileba da moZRvreba erTi RmerTis rwmenis<br />
Sesaxeb, mravalRmerTianobisa, romelic usjuloebisa da<br />
sulieri sibnelis Sedegs warmoadgens. WeSmaritma RmerTma israeli<br />
Tavis erad imitomac airCia, rom mas ufali scodnoda da
104 swavleba<br />
samebis Sesaxeb<br />
105<br />
gavrcelebuli mravalRmerTianobis warRvnaSi ar daRupuliyo.<br />
Zv. aRTqmaSi axalTan SedarebiT miTiTebani RmerTis sam-<br />
saxarebis swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb<br />
pirovnebaze bundovania, radgan umaRlesi saidumlos misaRebad<br />
1.ÿieso qristes qveynad gamoCenisas RmerTis sami piris<br />
saWiro iyo adamianuri uZlurebis TandaTanobiT da ara uecrad<br />
saidumlo TviT macxovris naTlobisas iqna gancxadebuli: maSin<br />
daZleva, magram mainc gavecnoT im adgilebs, sadac es miTiTe-<br />
ma mam Zis Sesaxeb daamowma da suliwmida xilul Zeze xi luli sabani<br />
gvxvdeba: sayuradReboa mravlobiTi ricxvis ga moyeneba<br />
xiT gardamovida (mT. 3,16-17): sami piris Sesaxeb uw yeba naTelia.<br />
iq, sadac RmerTi Tavis Tavze an Tavisi Tavidan ga momdi na re<br />
2.ÿes saidumlo TviT ieso qristes mierac gamocxadda, roca<br />
laparakobs. mag., Sesaqmis wignSi (1,26) ramdenime piris SeTanx-<br />
mo ciqulebs ganSorebisas mamisagan suliwmidis movlena aRuTqva<br />
meba Cans, kerZod, SeTanxmeba _ RmrTisa RmerTTan. ramdenadac<br />
(in. 15,26; 16,13-14). amave dros suliwmidis RmrTeebrioba naC ve nebia<br />
adamiani RmrTis xatad da msgavsad Seiqmna, Tuki aq RmrTis<br />
rogorc mamisagan gamomavalisa, xolo misi damo uk i de bloba<br />
mraval pirs ar vigulisxmebT, maSin sityvebis mniSvne loba<br />
imiT mJRavndeba, rom mas moqmedeba gankuTvnili aqvs rogorc<br />
gaugebari aRmoCndeba (Sesq. 3,22; 11,5-7). zogjer Zvel aRTqmaSi<br />
pirs da mowafeebisaTvis ieso qristes adgils ikavebs.<br />
RmrTis samive piris saxelia miniSnebuli an saxeli RmrTi sa<br />
3.ÿaRdgomis Semdeg, roca macxovari mociqulebs warmarTebis<br />
(`wmida~) samgzisaa gameorebuli (fs. 32,6; es. 6,3). esaias wi gnidan<br />
mosaqcevad agzavnis, eubneba maT: `warvediT da moimowafeniT<br />
bolos moxmobili miTiTeba saidumloze gansa ku TrebiT naTeli<br />
yovelni warmarTni da naTels-scemdiT maT saxeliTa mamis-<br />
maSin xdeba, roca merve muxlSi vkiTxulobT: `vin mivavlino da<br />
aÁTa da ZisaÁTa da sulisa wmidisaÁTa~ (mT. 28,19). samive piri<br />
vin gagvegzavneba?~ Tu SevajerebT, imave az rs gamoxatavs iobis<br />
gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan, radgan TiToeuli sa kuT riv<br />
wignis muxlebi (33,4 da 35,10). zo gjer uf ali gansxvavebulia<br />
saxeldebulia, ~da~ kavSiriTaa gamoyofili da rogorc gansa-<br />
uflisagan (Sesq. 19,24; miq. 5,4; fs. 109,1). ma rTalia, nacvalsaxelis<br />
kuTrebuli piri (TiToeuli) Tayvaniscemis sagnadaa warmodge-<br />
gamoyenebis nacvlad zo g jer RmrT i s saxeli meordeba (gams. 16,28-<br />
nili. TviT dasaxelebaÿ_ÿmama da Ze da suliwmida _ gviCvenebs,<br />
29), magram imaves Tq ma zaqarias sityvebis misamarTiT (2,10-11) ar<br />
rom am pirebs, yovelgvari gansxvavebis miuxedavad, erTmaneT-<br />
SeiZleba. zo g jer ufali gansxvavebulia uflis angelozisagan,<br />
Tan mWidro kavSiri aqvT da erTnairi RmrTeebrivi Rirseba<br />
romelsac er Tdroulad RmerTis Tvisebebic, moqmedebebic da<br />
saxelic miewereba (Sesq. 16,7-13; gams. 3,2-4). dabolos, sayuradReboa,<br />
rom uflisagan gansxvavebulia uflis suli (es. 48,16; 63,10-11).<br />
ekuTvniT.<br />
Zv. aRTqmis yvela aseTi gamoTqmis Sedarebisas Cans, rom<br />
swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb<br />
ramdenadac ufro gansazRvruli xdeboda azri gamomxsnelisa<br />
da ganmwmedelis Sesaxeb, wm. samebis saidumloc miT ufro cxad-<br />
mociqulTa epistoleebSi<br />
deboda. Tavidan, drois Sesaferisad, RmerTis mravalpiriano-<br />
qristes mociqulebi RmerTSi ganasxvaveben mamas da Zes da<br />
baze miTiTebas vxedavT, Semdeg uflis angelozi Tavis TavSi<br />
suliwmidas da maTze, rogorc calkeul pirebze, miuTiTeben. mo-<br />
ucnauri RmerTis didebulebas aaSkaravebs da suliwmida adaciquli<br />
pavle wers: `madli uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi, da simianTa<br />
gulebis ganmwmendad vlindeba. qristes Sobis droi s Tvis<br />
yvaruli RmrTisa da mamisaÁ, da ziarebaÁ sulisa wmidisaÁ Tquen<br />
ki azri RmerTSi pirTa gansxvavebis Sesaxeb TiTqos xalxis<br />
yovelTa Tana~ (2 kor. 13,13). aqÿa) suliwmida iseve, rogorc mama<br />
sarwmunoebaSic gadadis, rac apokrifuli wignebidan Cans (sibrZ.<br />
RmerTi da ufali ieso, moqmed piradaa warmodgenili, xolo<br />
sol. 7,25; zir. 1,1-4).<br />
samive piri saxelebiTac da moqmedebebiTac gancalkevebulia, b)<br />
ÿieso qriste da suliwmida mama RmerTis Tanasworad, sulier<br />
saunjeTa mimniWeblad arian warmodgenilni. igive mociquli
106 samebis Sesaxeb mama RmerTi. Ze RmerTi<br />
107<br />
gvaswavlis: `xolo ganyofani madlTani arian, da igive suli<br />
ars. da ganyofani msaxurebaTani arian, da igive Tavadi ufali<br />
ars. da ganyofani SewevnaTani arian, da igive Tavadi RmerTi ars,<br />
romeli Seiqms yovelsa yovelTa Soris~ (1 kor. 12,4-6). ueWvelia,<br />
rom madlTa da msaxurebaTa ganyofa pirebis moqmedebaa, da suliwmidisTvisac<br />
naTladaa naTqvami (mux. 11), rom igi yoveliveSi<br />
moqmedebs. maS, suli da ufali gansxvavebuli pirebia, magram<br />
isini yovli sa da yovelTa Soris moqmedSi erTiandebian.<br />
mociquli petre wers rCeulebs: `winaÁswar cnobiTa RmrTisa<br />
mamisaÁTa da siwmidiTa sulisaÁTa dasamorCilebelad da<br />
sapkurebelad sisxlisa iesu qristesisa. madli Tquen Tana da<br />
mSÂdobaÁ ganmravldin!~ (1 pet. 1,2). aq a) suli moqmed pirad unda<br />
miviCnioT, radgan mamisa da qristes daradaa warmodgenili, b)<br />
mama, Ze da suliwmida ki Cveni gadarCenis wyarod da, maSasadame,<br />
RmrTeebriv pirebad gvevlinebian.<br />
wm. samebis saidumlo naTladaa mocemuli mociqulebisa da<br />
TviT ieso qristes mraval sxvadasxva moZRvrebaSi, sadac kerZod<br />
laparakia an Zis, rogorc WeSmariti RmerTis, an suliwmidis,<br />
rogorc RmrTeebrivi piris, an RmerTSi mamisa da Zis pirebis<br />
gansxvavebis Sesaxeb. ukeTu mamaca da Zec da suliwmidac RmerTia,<br />
da amave dros TiToeuli pirovnuli TvisebiT aris daxasiaTebuli:<br />
maSin naTelia, rom RmerTSi sami ca l keuli piria.<br />
SeniSvna:ÿhipostasis Sesatyvisi terminis Sesaxeb adrec<br />
gavakeTeT SeniSvna, magram zedmeti ar iqneba Tu damatebiT<br />
aRvniSnavT, rom zogierT SedarebiT axal naSromSi (mag., n.<br />
yubaneiSvilisa da m. kelenjeriZis saxelmZRvaneloebSi)<br />
aRniSnuli terminis Sesatyvisad qarTuli enis normebiT<br />
sityva `saxe~-s gamoyeneba gaugebrobas iwvevs, radgan es<br />
ar a tradiciuli termini Tavisi SinaarsiT saxismetyvelebiTi<br />
mniSvnelobis matarebelia da realuri uzenaesi arsis<br />
gamomxatvel saRmrTismetyvelo terminad ar gamodgeba.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, termini `samsaxovanic~ upirispirdeba<br />
`sampirovans~, radgan sami (sxvadasxva) saxis warmodgena<br />
RmrTis erTobis azrTan gvaSorebs, xolo Tuki mas pirdapir<br />
ragvarobis mniSvnelobiT gavigebT, maSin gamova, rom RmerTi<br />
Tavis Tavs samgvarad (samnairad, sami saxiT) avlens, rac, ra<br />
Tqma unda, Seusabamoa WeSmariti swavlebisaTvis. macxovris<br />
naTlobis drosac suliwmida mtredis saxiT gardamovida,<br />
magram xom ar SeiZleba xiluls TviT uxilavis (Rmer-<br />
Tis) saxeli ewodos, `rameTu sityÂsaebr didisa dionosisa,<br />
RmrTeebisa gardamosvlaÁ da aRsvlaÁ ara ars, rameTu ese<br />
gareSemowerilisa saqmeni arian, xolo igi gareSemouwerel<br />
ars da saxis CuenebiT xolo saxilvel~ (Zv. met. kr. 1986, gv.<br />
257, aSiaze). naTelia, rom saxe ar SeiZleba pirTan gaigivdes<br />
da igi verc samebis hipostasTa erTarsobis gamomxatvel<br />
mniSvnelobas daitevs. amitom hipostasi (rus. ë,ö%), tradiciisamebr<br />
rogorc piri (an gvami) da ara rogorc saxe (rus.<br />
%K!=ƒ) unda gadaiTargmnos.<br />
mama RmerTi<br />
is, visac israelis mama (es. 63,16; malaq. 1,6), an mama qristianeTa<br />
(ef. 4,6; 1 kor. 8,6) da yovelTa kacTa (mT. 11,25) ewodeba,<br />
aris WeSmariti RmerTi. aq saeWvo araferia, magram amdenadve<br />
ueWvelia isic, rom WeSmarit RmerTs mama Tavis mxolodSobil<br />
ZesTan damokidebulebaSic ewodeba, romelic man Sva. TviT Ze<br />
RmrTisa da wm. mociqulebi RmerTs mamas am sityvis sakuTari<br />
mniSvnelobiT uwodeben (in. 1,18) da Semoqmedad warmoadgenen<br />
(in. 5,17). `mravliT kerZo da mravliT saxiT maSinve RmerTi<br />
etyoda mamaTa winawarmetyuelTa mier, xolo ukuanaÁsknelTa<br />
amaT dReTa metyoda Cuen Zisa mier TÂsisa~ (ebr. 1,1; ef. 4,6; 3,14);<br />
da amrigad, mxolodSobili Zis mamac WeSmariti RmerTia.<br />
Ze RmerTi<br />
qristianuli gamocxadeba naTlad gamoxatavs im azrs, rom<br />
Ze RmrTisa RmerTia. es swavleba mocemulia rogorc TviT<br />
Ze RmerTis _ ieso qristes, ise wm. mociqulTa moZRvrebebSi,<br />
romelTagan Cven mxolod pirvels ganvixilavT.<br />
is, vinc miwaze amdeni daiTmina, amave dros sakuTar RmrTeebriv<br />
Tvisebebzec miuTiTebda. ase mag., roca iesos garSemoxveuli<br />
iudevelebi daJinebiT ekiTxebodnen _ vin iyo igi, pasuxad macxovari<br />
ase eubneboda maT: `da aravin mimtacnes igini (cxovarni)<br />
xelTagan CemTa~ (in. 10,28). `me da mamaÁ Cemi erT varT~; Tavis<br />
Zlierebas warmoaCenda, romelic yvela Seqmnil Zalaze meti
108 Ze RmerTi suliwmida RmerTi<br />
109<br />
iyo da Tavis Tanasworobas mama RmerTTan pirdapir acxadebda.<br />
gulgamwyralma iudevelebma qvebi aRmarTes iesoze da eubnebodnen:<br />
`keTilisa saqmisaTÂs qvasa ara dagkrebT Sen, aramed<br />
gmobisaTÂs, da rameTu kaci xar Sen da giyofies Tavi Seni RmerT~<br />
(mux. 33). maTi azriT, ieso qristem RmrTeebrivi Tvisebebi miiniWa.<br />
Tumca macxovarma ar uaryo misi sityvebis amgvari gageba, magram<br />
sakuTari piris Sesaxeb Rrma swavlebasTan rom mieaxlovebina<br />
isini, uTxra maT: `ara weril arsa sjulsa, viTarmed: me vTqu:<br />
RmerTni same xarT?~ (mux. 34-37); da Semdegac, isev Tavisi saqmeebiT<br />
amtkicebda, rom igi aris Ze RmrTisa yvelaze umaRlesi<br />
da namdvili gagebiT, xolo mi si kavSiri mamasTan umWidroesi<br />
da erTaderTia (mux. 38); iudevelebi naTlad xedavdnen, rom igi<br />
Tavis Tavze gamo Tqmul azrs amtkicebda da Tavis erTobas mamas-<br />
Tan pirdapir aRiarebda, maT ki mainc surdaT misi Sepyroba (mux.<br />
39; in. 14,9-11). sxva adgilas qriste iudevelebs eubneba: `pirvel<br />
abrahamis yofadmde me var~ (in. 8,58), xolo mamis mimarT locvaSi<br />
ambobs: `da aw madide me, mamao, Tavisa Senisa Tana didebiTa miT,<br />
romeli ma qunda winaSe Sensa uwinares soflis dabadebisa~ (in.<br />
17,5). pi rvel muxlSi Ze RmrTisa Tavis maradiulobaze miuTiTebs,<br />
xo lo meoreSi _ maradiulobis garda maradiul didebasa<br />
da um Widroes Tanaziarobaze maradiulTan da maradiulTan<br />
TanaziarobiT maradiul didebasac ganmartavs.<br />
Ze RmrTisa aswavlida aseve, rom mas SeuZlia akeTos da<br />
akeTebs kidec yvelafers, rasac akeTebs mama misi _ RmerTi<br />
WeSmariti: `mamaÁ Cemi moaqamomde iqms, da meca viqm~ (in. 5,17).<br />
uwodebs ra RmerTs mamas _ Tavis Tavs qveynis gangebis saRmrTo<br />
saqmes miawers: rogorc ki es gaiges, iudevelebi eZiebdnen iesos<br />
mokvlas, `rameTu ara xolo Tu SabaTsa dahxsnida, aramed Rmer-<br />
Tsaca mamad TÂsa ityoda da Tavsa TÂssa swor hyofda RmrTisa~<br />
(mux. 18). macxovari ar uaryofs, rom igi RmerTia, piriqiT, am<br />
azrs kerZod imiT icavs, rom a) misi neba igiveobrivia mamis<br />
nebisa (mux. 19) da rom b) mas iseve SeuZlia mkvdris gacocxleba,<br />
rogorc mamas (mux. 21), g) agreTve msgavsad mamisa Tavis TavSive<br />
upyria cxovreba (mux. 26). naTelia, rom Ze RmrTisa samyaros<br />
yovladZlieri ganmgebelia.<br />
`grwmenin RmrTisaÁ da grwmenin Cemda momarT~ (in. 14,1), `raÁ-<br />
Ta yovelni pativ-scemden Zesa, viTarca igi pativ-scemen mamasa~<br />
(5,23). rogorc vxedavT, Ze RmerTi iseTsave pativs moiTxovs da<br />
iseve saWiroebs Tayvaniscemas, rogorc mama RmerTi. 25<br />
suliwmida RmerTi<br />
wm. werilSi, iseve rogorc Ze RmerTi, suliwmidac isea gamoxatuli,<br />
rom masSi RmrTeebrivi arseba, RmerTia naCvenebi.<br />
gamocxadeba suliwmidas WeSmariti RmerTis saxels, Tvisebebsac<br />
da saqmeebsac miawers da brZanebs, rom mas iseTive pativi miegos,<br />
rogorc RmerTs.<br />
1.ÿmas RmerTi ewodeba. a)ÿmociquli petre ananias eubneba:<br />
`raÁsaTÂs aRavso guli Seni eSmakman cruebad sulisa wmidisa,<br />
ara ecruve Sen kacTa, aramed RmerTsa~ (saqm. 5,2-4). aq rom<br />
suliwmidaa wodebuli RmerTad, iqidanac Cans, rom RmerTi<br />
adamianTanaa Sepirispirebuli da ara suliwmidasTan. amaze<br />
mety velebs agreTve danaSaulis simZime, romelmac suliwmidis<br />
momatyuebeli dasca. b)ÿmociquli pavle qristianebs xan suliwmidis<br />
taZars (1 kor. 6,19), xan RmrTis taZars (3,16) uwodebs da<br />
ukanasknel saxeldebas TviTonve imiT ganmartavs, rom maTSi<br />
suli RmrTisaa damkvidrebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, mociqul is<br />
TqmiT suliwmida RmerTia. g) esaia winaswarmetyveli we r da:<br />
`da mesma xmisa uflisa metyvelisa... vidode da arqu ersa amas~<br />
da sxv. (6,8-9). mociquli am xmas ase xsnis: `keTilad it yoda<br />
suliwmidaÁ esaias mier: mived erisa amas~ da sxv. (sa qm. 28,25).<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, mociquli <strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong> Si gvaxedebs<br />
da suliwmidas ufals uwodebs, raTa RmerTSi esaias mimarT<br />
metyveli suliwmida davinaxoT.<br />
2.ÿwarmarTTa maswavlebeli suliwmidis Sesaxeb ambobs: a)<br />
`rameTu suli yovelsave gamoeZiebs, da siRrmesaca RmrTisasa~<br />
(1 kor. 2,10). ese igi suliwmidas ara mxolod yovlismxedvelobas<br />
miawers, aramed RmrTis saidumloTa codnasac; es ki TviT mociquli<br />
pavles ganmartebiT, imasac niSnavs, rom suliwmida ara<br />
25 miuxedavad imisa, rom Ze RmerTis _ ieso qristes RmrTeebriobis Sesaxeb<br />
TviT mociqulTa mraval swavlebas ar SevxebivarT, moxmobili adgilebic<br />
sakmarisia ieRovas mowmeTa da maT msgavsTa samxileblad, magram Tuki<br />
guli ara WeSmaritebis Secnobisken, aramed sibneliskenaa midrekili,<br />
maSin, ra Tqma unda, masSi naTeli ver SeaRwevs.
110 suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba<br />
111<br />
Seqmnili goneba, aramed RmerTia (rom. 11,34). b) mociquli suliwmidis<br />
Sesaxeb azrs kidev ufro naTlad gamoxatavs sityvebSi,<br />
romelic suliwmidis yovlismxedvelobaze miuTiTebs: `vin-me<br />
ukue icis kacman kacisaÁ, garna sulmanve kacisaman, romeli ars<br />
mis Tana? egreca RmrTisaÁ aravin icis, garna sulmanve RmrTisaman~<br />
(1 kor. 2,11). es Sedareba _ RmrTis sulis damokidebulebisa<br />
RmerTTan da adamianis damokidebulebisa mis su lTan _ srulad<br />
gamoxatavs im azrs, rom RmrTis suls RmerTTan TviT bunebiTi<br />
kavSiri aqvs. g) igive mociquli suliwmidas yvela adamianisTvis<br />
madlis mimniWe bels uwodebs (1 kor. 12,4-11): `amas yovelsa<br />
Seewevis erTi da igive suli~, da amrigad mas RmrTis Tvisebas<br />
_ yvelganmyofobas miawers.<br />
3. wm. werili aniWebs ra suliwmidas RmrTis Tvisebebs, mas<br />
WeSmaritebisa da siwmidis wyarod miiCnevs. TviT mas ewodeba _<br />
suli WeSmaritebisa (in. 15,26). aseve isic, rac mis mier aR iZvreba,<br />
sruli WeSmariteba da siwmidea; misi winaswarme t yvelebani<br />
namdvilia, swavleba ki _ ucilobeli. igi adamians srulyofili<br />
siwmindisken, wminda locvisken aRZravs: `rameTu raÁmca igi<br />
viloceT, viTar-igi jer-ars, ara viciT; aramed TÂT igi suli<br />
meox ars CuenTÂs sul-TqumiTa miT usityueliTa~ (rom. 8,26).<br />
xolo amgvari moqmedeba ki erTsa da WeSmarits, siwmidisa da<br />
WeSmaritebis wmida wyaros _ RmerTs SeuZlia. igi, vinc mociqulebs<br />
gansakuTrebuli madliT _ winaswarmet y v e lebebiT,<br />
saswaulebiT, enaTa codniT da sxv. ajildoebs, ra sakvirvelia,<br />
yovlisSemZled unda iqnes miCneuli. xolo es um aRlesi nebiT<br />
madlTa ganmyofeli suliwmidaa (1 kor. 12,4-12).<br />
4. wm. werilidan aseve Cans, rom suliwmidas RmrTiuri pativi<br />
unda miegos. ase mag., mociquli pavle suliwmidis saxeliT<br />
iseve amowmebs, rogorc Zis saxeliT (rom. 9,1).<br />
suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba<br />
gavarkvieT, rom RmerTis sami piri _ mama, Ze da suliwmida<br />
_ RmrTis Tvisebebsa da Zalebs ki ar warmoadgenen, aramed<br />
cal keul pirebs, romelTac erTi da igive RmrTeebrivi arsi<br />
aqvT. axla ki vnaxoT samebis pirebi erTmaneTisgan romeli<br />
damoukidebeli TvisebebiT gansxvavdebian.<br />
raSi mdgomareobs RmerTi suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba?<br />
`xolo raJams movides nugeSinis-mcemeli igi, romeli me movavlino<br />
Tquenda mamisa Cemisa mier, suli WeSmaritebisaÁ, romeli<br />
mamisagan gamovals, man wamos CemTÂs~ (in. 15,26). ase eubneba macxovari<br />
Tavis mowafeebs zecad amaRlebis win. yvela Tanaxmaa, rom<br />
am sityvebSi mocemulia swavleba suliwmidis sakuTari Tvisebis<br />
Sesaxeb; aseve yvela Tanaxmaa, rom aq sityvasityviTaa naTqvami<br />
suliwmidis sakuTari Tvisebis _ ma misagan gamomavlobis Sesaxeb.<br />
es sityvebi mTavari azris garda (e.i. rom suliwmida daamowmebs<br />
ZisTvis) Semdeg or az rsac Seicavs:ÿa) suli WeSmaritebisaÁ<br />
ieso qristes mier iqneba movlenili mociqulebTan da b) suli<br />
WeSmaritebisaÁ mamisagan gamodis. suli WeSmaritebisaÁ gamodis<br />
da suliwmida igzavneba _ sulis mdgomareoba sruliad gansxvavebulia:<br />
magram amas yvela ar eTanxmeba, aramed fiqroben,<br />
rom es erTi da igive mdgomareoba, anu suliwmidis gamomavlobaa.<br />
26 amgvari ganmartebis cdomileba iqidan Cans, rom a)<br />
ÿTviT drois gansxvaveba _ romeli me movavlino da gamovals<br />
_ gviCvenebs, rom aq suliwmidis erTi da igive mdgomareoba<br />
sruliadac araa aRwerili. gamovals _ zmnis es forma Zalian<br />
zustad gamoxatavs maradiul, ucvlel mdgomareobas; msgavsadve<br />
ambobs Ze RmrTisa Tavis Tavze: `pirvel abrahamis yofadmde<br />
me var~ (in. 8,58). magram roca Ze RmrTisa suliwmidisTvis ambobs:<br />
movavlino Tquenda, aq zmnis forma gviCvenebs, rom ufali<br />
droul movlinebaze laparakobs. macxovari imave movlinebas<br />
araerTxel gamoxatavs momavali droiT, _ roca amowmebs mamis<br />
Sesaxeb: `sxuaÁ nugeSinis-mcemeli mogivlinos Tquen~ (in. 14,16),<br />
`romeli moavlinos saxeliTa CemiTa mamaman~ (mux. 26) da Tavisi<br />
TavisaTvis: `romeli me movavlino Tquenda mamisa Cemisa mier~<br />
(15,26). b) rogorc wesi, CarTuli azri misiT gayofili azrebisgan<br />
gansxvavdeba; am SemTxvevaSi ki gviCvenebs, rom sityviT:<br />
gamovals imave azrs ar gamoxatavs, rasac sityva: movavlino, da<br />
piriqiT. g) sityva movavlino imaves rom gviCvenebdes, rasac<br />
sityva gamovals, maSin es ganmeoreba iqneboda _ me movavlino<br />
Tquenda mamisa Cemisa mier, romeli mamisagan gamovals. gan-<br />
26 Cveni wyaro asaxelebs kaTolikuri cru dogmatis damcvel laTin<br />
RmrTismetyvelebsa da iezuit avtorebs, romlebic suliwmidis Zisganac<br />
gamomavlobis Sesaxeb winaswarganzraxuli mosazrebis sasargeblod wm.<br />
werilis teqstebsac ki amaxinjeben.
112 hipostasTa sakuTari Tvisebebi<br />
113<br />
meoreba miT ufro sakvirvelia, rom wina sityvebi amis gareSec<br />
ukve gaZlierebulia; d) Tuki suliwmida Zisagan moivlineba,<br />
mxolod imitom, rom maTi RmrTeebrivi buneba erTi da igivea<br />
da dacemuli ad amianis aRdgenaSi TavTavianTi rigiT monawileoben;<br />
imave mizeziT wm. werilSi ikiTxeba, rom Zec moivlineba<br />
suliwmidis mier (es. 61,1; 48,16), maSin roca Zis dausabamo Soba<br />
mxolod da mxolod mamas ekuTvnis da ara suliwmidas, da, aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, erTi piris mier meoris movlineba sruliadac ar<br />
gu lis xmobs erTi pirisagan meoris gamomavlobas. e)ÿmacxovris<br />
moyvanil sityvebSi suliwmidis gamomavloba mamisagan da Zisagan<br />
rom iyos gaazrebuli, maSin igi suliwmidis Sesaxeb ityoda:<br />
romeli Cvengan gamovals, an: mamisagan da Cemgan gamovals. ase<br />
miT umetes imitom unda yofiliyo, rom macxovari amSvidebs ra<br />
mowafeebs suliwmidis movlenis dapirebiT, am movlinebas iqve<br />
miawers rogorc Tavis Tavs, aseve mamas (in. 15,26; 14,26), xolo<br />
sxva SemTxvevaSi ase gamoTqvams: `me da mamaÁ Cemi erTi varT~.<br />
amrigad, macxovris sityvebiT suliwmida mamisagan gamodis, magram<br />
igzavneba mamisa da Zis mier; pirveli suliwmidis sakuTari,<br />
ucvleli Tvisebaa, ukanaskneli ki _ SemoqmedebiTi mdgomareobis<br />
msgavsi, SemTxveviTi mdgomareobaa.<br />
macxovari suliwmidis Sesaxeb ambobs: `man me madidos, rameTu<br />
Cemgan miiRos da giTxras Tquen. yoveli, raodeni aqus<br />
ma masa, Cemi ars; da amisTÂs garqu Tquen, rameTu Cemgan miiRos<br />
da giTxras Tquen~ (in. 16,14-15). aq zogierTebi sityvaSi Cemgan<br />
Zis sakuTar yofierebas gulisxmoben, da sityvebSi: yoveli,<br />
raodeni aqus mamasa, Cemi ars, im azrs xedaven, rom ramdenadac<br />
yovelive, rac mamas ekuTvnis, ekuTvnis Zesac, amdenad unda<br />
davaskvnaT, rom suliwmida mamisagan da Zisgan gamodis. magram<br />
1)ÿsityvebi Cemgan miiRos _ aq araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar niSn avs,<br />
rom suliwmida misi hipostasidan gamodis, anu azrobrivad es<br />
sityvebi igiveobrivi araa im sityvebisa, romelic mamaze Tqva:<br />
romeli ma misagan gamovals. 27 macxovars, suliwmidis maradiul<br />
27 radgan qarTul teqstSi mkafio gansxvaveba ar Cans, amitom yuradReba<br />
berZnuli dednis windebulebis gansxvavebaze gavamaxviloT da rusul<br />
redaqcias SevudaroT, sadac `ek tu emu~-s Sesatyvisia от Моего da ara от<br />
Меня da `para tu patros~-isa от Отца. qarTulSi ki am adgilas naxmaria<br />
sityvebi: `Cemgan~ da `mamisagan~.<br />
gamomavlobaze miTiTebisas, ar SeeZlo eTqva: miiRebs; radgan es<br />
iqneboda miTiTeba imaze, rom suliwmida manamde ar gamodi oda,<br />
e.i. ar arsebobda; xolo imisi daSveba, rom zmniT miiRos axlandeli<br />
mdgomareobaa gamoxatuli, ar SeiZleba, radgan rogorc<br />
zmnis formis pirdapiri mniSvneloba, ise misi kavSiri sxva zmnebTan:<br />
madidos, giTxras amis saSualebas ar iZleva. 2) `yoveli,<br />
raodeni aqus mamasa, Cemi ars:~ es sityvebic ar Seicavs im azrs,<br />
romlis danaxvac masSi undaT, radgan a)ÿwm. werilSi arcTu<br />
iSviaTad sityva yoveli gamoxatavs yovelive imas, rac cnobili<br />
(aRniSnuli) sagnebis rigSi igulisxmeba; b)ÿwm. werilis swavlebiT,<br />
mama RmerTs aqvs sakuTari Tviseba, romelic Zes ar gaaCnia,<br />
da amitom yoveli ve rac mamas aqvs, Zes ar ekuTvnis: xolo Tuki<br />
yovelive gaaCnia, maSin es sakuTar Tvisebebze ar vrceldeba;<br />
g)ÿazris dakavSirebiT Cans, rom ieso qriste adamianTa xsnis<br />
saqmeze laparakobs; aseve am muxlis azrobrivi kavSiri msgavs<br />
adgilTan (1 in. 5,9) gvi Cvenebs, rom saqmeebi, romelsac Ze mamis<br />
msgavsad iqms, suliwmidis maradiul gamomavlobas ar gulisxmobs.<br />
d) amrigad, macxovris sityvebis azri Semdegia: `yovelive<br />
rac mamas aqvs (adamianTa xsnis saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi), Cemia~.<br />
wm. werilSi suliwmida zogjer qristes, Zis sulad iwodeba:<br />
magram ara imitom, rom suliwmida qristesgan gamodis, ara med<br />
imitom, rom adamianTaTvis suliwmidis niWTa mopoveba qristes<br />
sisxlis safasurad gaxda SesaZlebeli, da kidev imitom, rom<br />
suliwmida Tavisi TvisebiT qristes sulis igiveobrivia (filp.<br />
1,19; galat. 4,6).<br />
Ze RmerTisa da mama RmerTis<br />
sakuTari Tvisebebi<br />
wm. werilis mixedviT, Ze RmerTis ganmasxvavebel niSnad unda<br />
miviRoT is, rom igi arc mSobelia da arc gamomavlinebeli<br />
RmrTeebrivi pirisa, aramed mama RmerTisagan iSveba. Ze RmerTis<br />
mama RmerTTan damokidebulebaze TviT Zis saxeldebac naT lad<br />
miuTiTebs. Tuki mama RmerTisTvis iTqmeba, rom misi Ze aris Ze<br />
RmrTeebriobiT, es sxvagvarad ar aixsneba, Tu Zeeba, So bileba, Ze
114 sakuTari Tvisebebi<br />
erTarsoba<br />
115<br />
RmerTis mamasTan damokidebulebis ganmasxvavebel ni Snad ar<br />
miviReT; sxvagvarad, kidevac rom es sityvebi: Soba, Ze eba, RmerT-<br />
Tan adamianuri gagebiT iyos dakavSirebuli, a) isini aq mainc<br />
mxolod zebunebrivis gulisxmisyofas gvaiZuleben; b) Sobis<br />
saerTo gagebas arsis ziaryofa emsaxureba, mag ram adamianuri<br />
Sobisas erTmaneTs erTi da im ave saxis arseba ez i areba, xolo<br />
Zis RmrTeebriv SobaSi er Ti da igive arsis ri cxobriv ziaryofas<br />
vgulisxmobT. amrigad, aq saWiroa mxo lod is SevityoT: Ze<br />
RmerTze, mamis Zesa da mamis sityvaze la pa rakisas wmida werili<br />
gulisxmobs Tu ara Zeebas RmrTeeb ri obiT, Tu mamis ZesTan<br />
mxolod zneobr ivi damokidebulebaa ga moxatuli ise, rogorc<br />
adamianebis Rm rTis Zeebad wodebis dros ?<br />
Tuki pirveli damokidebuleba igulisxmeba: maSin mamis mi er<br />
Zis Soba Ze RmerTis mamasTan bunebiTi damokidebulebis gamoxat<br />
vas emsa xureba, an rac igivea, Zis sakuTar Tvisebas wa rmoadgens.<br />
ra Cans wmida werilidan? is, rom Ze RmerTi _ sityva, wm.<br />
we rilis swavlebiT, WeSmariti RmerTia, raSic Cven zemoT msjelo<br />
bis drosac davrwmundiT; amjerad ki gaugebrobis Ta vidan<br />
asa cileblad ga varkvioT: iq, sadac laparakia Ze RmerTze, namdvi<br />
lad igulisxmeba Tu ara misi RmrTeebriobiT Soba mamisagan?<br />
a)ÿsityva _ Ze RmerTi wm. werilSi iwodeba, rogorc mxolod-<br />
So bili Ze RmrTisa, Tvisi Ze RmrTisa (in. 1,14; 3,16 rom. 8,32).<br />
xolo es saxeldebani TavisTavad gviCveneben, rom Ze RmrTisa<br />
Sobilia mama RmerTisgan da ara mis mier SeTvisebuli, radgan 1)<br />
mxolodSobili sakuTriv imas aRniSnavs, rom ma misagan mxo lod<br />
erTi igi iSva. igive mniSvneloba aqvs sityva mxolodSo bils<br />
wm. werilis enazec (berZ. `monogenes~). 2)ÿmociqulTan Tvi si Ze<br />
RmrTisa RmrTis mier gandidebuli RmrTis Zeebisgan gan sx va -<br />
vebulia (rom. 8,14-15), iseve rogorc RmerTis mamad Tvisad wodeba<br />
sakuTari Tavis RmrTis sworad miCnevas niSnavs (in. 5,18).<br />
b)ÿioane RmrTismetyveli, uwodebs ra sityvas mamis mxolod-<br />
So bil Zes, imave sityvisaTvis ambobs: `yovelive mis mier<br />
Seiqmna~ (in. 1,3). igi rogorc maradiuli, rogorc Semoqmedi da<br />
ara rogorc qmnileba ar SeiZleba RmrTeebriobasTan iseT<br />
damoki de bulebaSi iyos, rom mamas mxolod arasakuTrivi azriT<br />
eku Tvnodes: piriqiT, Tavisi TvisebebiT igi Ze RmrTisaa, mama<br />
RmerTisgan saukuniTgan Sobili.<br />
dabolos, g) TviT Ze RmrTisa Tavis Tavze ambobs, rom cxov-<br />
reba mamisagan miiRo, magram cxovreba _ TviTmyofi (in. 5,26); aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, rogorc Ze, igi Seuqmneli da mxolod Sobilia.<br />
amrigad, Sobileba Ze RmerTis ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebaa.<br />
mama RmerTis saxeli, roca misiT gamoixateba ara RmerTis<br />
da mokidebuleba qmnilebasTan, aramed mama RmerTisa RmrTiur<br />
pirebTan _ Zesa da suliwmidasTan, wm. werilSi arsad araa<br />
naTqvami, rom mama iSvebodes an gamodiodes vinmesagan; aramed<br />
piriqiT, naTladaa gamoxatuli, rom mamas cxovreba TavisTavad<br />
(TaviT TvisiT) aqvs (in. 5,26). amitom mama RmerTis sakuTar<br />
Tvisebas samarTlianad warmoadgens is, rom igi arc aravisgan<br />
iSveba da arc aravisgan gamodis. wm. werilSi garkveviTaa<br />
naTqvami, rom mama RmerTi aris mama mxolodSobili Zisa da<br />
rom suliwmida misgan gamodis (in. 15,26). amitom mamis ganmasxvaveblad<br />
isic unda miviCnioT, rom igi Sobs Zes da gamoavlens<br />
suliwmidas.<br />
RmrTeebriv pirTa erTarsoba<br />
radgan mama, Ze da suliwmida calkeuli pirebia, maT Soris<br />
gan sxvaveba TviT maTi arsis gansxvavebazec xom ar vrceldeba?<br />
Tu, arian ra isini RmrTeebrivi pirebi, arsiT erTs da ara sam<br />
RmerTs warmoadgenen?<br />
cnobilia, rom Zvel aRTqmaSi xSiradaa naxsenebi erTi Rmer-<br />
Tis sarwmunoeba (gams. 20,1-3; meor. sj. 4,19-39). cnobilia agreTve,<br />
rom Zv. da ax. aRTqmis swavlebaTa Soris ar aris da arc Sei-<br />
Zleba iyos rame winaaRmdegoba. Tuki ax. aRTqmis swavlebaSi<br />
sami RmrTeebrivi piri mkafiodaa gansxvavebuli, ueWvelad unda<br />
miviRoT, rom pirTa es sameboba RmrTis arsis erTobas ar ar-<br />
Rvevs; miT umetes, rom ax. aRTqmaSic erTi RmerTis sarwmunoeba<br />
pirdapir dasturdeba (mrk. 12,29; in. 17,3; saqm. 14,15-18).<br />
ax. aRTqmaSi pirdapiraa mocemuli swavleba Ze RmerTisa da<br />
mama RmerTis erTarsobis Sesaxebac. TviT Ze RmrTisa ambobs:<br />
`me da mamaÁ Cemi erT varT~ (in. 10,30). am sityvebSi, rogorc konteqsti<br />
gviCvenebs, laparakia ara Zisa da mamis nebis Tanxmobaze,<br />
aramed bunebis (arsobriv) erTobaze. isini im azris dasabuTebas<br />
emsaxurebian, rom Zes mis cxovars veravin mistacebs, anu rac
116 erTarsoba<br />
samyaros Seqmna<br />
117<br />
igivea, Zisa da mamis yovladZlierebis Tanasworobas warmoa-<br />
Cenen; gana am sityvebs SeuZliaT Zis Zlierebis damtkiceba, Tuki<br />
isini Zis mamasTan mxolod zneobriv igiveobas gviCveneben?<br />
ara. iudevelebma am sityvebSi gaiges, rom ieso Tavis Tavs<br />
RmrTis sworad warmoaCenda. WeSmaritebis maswavlebelmac<br />
misi sityvebis aseTi axsna ar uaryo, piriqiT daamowma kidec<br />
misi simarTle (mux. 32-33).<br />
ieso qriste Tavis Tavze ambobs: `romelman mixila me, ixila<br />
mamaÁ Cemi. rameTu me mamisa Tana var, da mamaÁ Cem Tana ars~<br />
(in. 14,9-10). meore winadadebaSi mxolod ZaldatanebiT Se iZleba<br />
SevitanoT azri Zisa da mamis mxolod zneobrivi er Tobis Sesaxeb,<br />
xolo pirvelSi gamoxatuli azri SeiZleboda macxovars<br />
nebismieri winaswarmetyvelisaTvis miekuTvnebina, Tuki ZeSi<br />
mamis sruli arsis anarekls ar igulisxmebda.<br />
dasasrul, Zisa da mamis erTarsobis Sesaxeb naTlad laparakobs<br />
mociquli iovane: `pirveliTgan iyo sityuaÁ da sityuaÁ<br />
igi iyo RmrTisa Tana, da RmerTi iyo sityuaÁ igi~ (in. 1,1). suliwmidisa<br />
da WeSmariti RmerTis erTarsoba ki naTlad ar is<br />
gamoxatuli mociquli pavles sityvebSi, roca igi suliwmi dis<br />
RmerTTan damokidebulebas iseve warmogvidgens, ro gorc adamianis<br />
sulisa adamianTan.<br />
RmerTi _ samyaros Semoqmedi<br />
`dasabamad qmna RmerTman caÁ da queyanaÁ~ (Sesq. 1,1). Rmr-<br />
TivSTagonebuli mwerlebi, miyvebian ra moses mier qveynierebis<br />
Seqmnis aRweras, naTlad gviCveneben, rom ca da qveyana RmerTis<br />
garda yovelive arsebuls moicavs. mociqulebi gvaswavlian,<br />
rom RmerTma Seqmna ca da qveyana da `yoveli, raÁ ars maT Sina~<br />
(saqm. 14,15), yovelive casa da qveyanaze, xiluli da uxilavi, maT<br />
Soris umaRlesi sulebic (kol. 1,16) mis mier Seiqmna, mis gareSe<br />
araferi ar Seqmnila, rac ki droSi SemTxveviT arsebobs<br />
(in. 1,3; ef. 3,9). amave dros ax. aRTqma sityva qveyanaSi (berZn.<br />
`kosmos~) ara mxolod sasruli sagnebis erTobliobas, aramed<br />
samyaros mowesrigebulobasa da mSvenierebasac gulisxmobs, da<br />
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar Seicavs azrs TviTmyofadi arsebis<br />
Sesaxeb. RmerTma siyvarulis maradiuli keTilganzraxviT<br />
yofiereba mianiWa imas, rac ar arsebobda. Tavisi saxierebiT<br />
dausabamod gansazRvra ararsebulis Tvis sicocxlis miniWeba<br />
da gansazRvrul momentSi samyaros yofiereba misca. wm. Teodorites<br />
sityviT: `RmerTi arafers ar saWiroebs, magram misi<br />
usazRvro saxierebiT keTilineba ararsebulisTvis yofiereba<br />
miemadlebina~.<br />
wm. werilis Tanaxmad samyaro RmrTis Tavisufali nebiT Seiqmna<br />
da ara RmerTSi aRsrulebuli raime gardauvali procesidan<br />
gamomdinare mizezis Sedegad. Tavisufali neba ki, iseve rogorc<br />
samyaros Seqmnis saqme, RmrTis samive pirze vrceldeba.<br />
samyaros Seqmna adamianis gonebisTvis saidumloa, amitom<br />
TviT Sesaqmis saxis sruli wvdoma SeuZlebelia. magram gamocxadeba,<br />
Cveni Semecnebis SesaZleblobis Sesabamisad, samyaros<br />
mowyobis Tanamimdevrobas gadmogvcems. mose winasw armetyvelis<br />
monaTxrobi WeSmariti istoriaa, sadac eqvs dReSi samya ros Seqmnisa<br />
da meSvide dRes RmrTis gansvenebis aRwera, ara mxolod<br />
moses, aramed mTeli saRmrTo gamocxadebis gamoxatulebaa.<br />
eklesiis mamebis swavlebiT moses monaTxrobSi Tavdapirvelad<br />
im nivTierebis Seqmnazea laparaki, romelic RmerTma araradan<br />
Seqmna, xolo Semdeg am masalis saxecvlilebiT Seqmnil<br />
samyaroze.<br />
yovladsaxierma da yovladZlierma ufalma Tavisi siyvaruli<br />
ara mxolod samyaros SeqmniT gamoavlina, aramed imiTac, rom<br />
misgan Seqmnil samyaros Tavisi ZaliT ganagebs da inarCunebs.<br />
gamocxadebis swavlebiT RmrTis am moqmedebas RmrTis gangebuleba<br />
ewodeba. saswaulebi da winaswarmetyveleba ni, romelic<br />
mudam Tan sdevda gamocxadebas, RmrTis gangebulebis xelSesaxeb<br />
dasabuTebas emsaxurebian. samyaros gangebuleba, RmrTis arsis<br />
erTobis gamo, ekuTvnis mamas da Zes da suliwmidas. rogorc<br />
aRvniSneT, RmrTis gangebuleba ori mTavari mo qmedebiT gamoixateba<br />
_ samyaros SenarCunebiT (dacviT) da samyaros gangebiT<br />
(marTviT). samyaros SenarCuneba RmrTis nebis is moqmedebaa,<br />
romliTac samyaro RmrTisgan miRebul yofierebas ar kargavs<br />
da arsebobas da moqmedebas agrZelebs. brZeni basilis TqmiT:<br />
`yoveli Seqmnili buneba, xilulic da gonebiT warmosadgenic,<br />
Tavisi Tavis SenarCunebisTvis RmrTis mzrunvelobas saWiroe
118 samyaros Seqmna<br />
angelozebis Sesaxeb<br />
119<br />
bs~. gamocxadeba naTlad da gadaWriT gveubneba, rom yoveli<br />
qmnilebis yofiereba RmrTis ZaliTaa daculi. RmrTis Zalis<br />
Semweobis gareSe yvelaferi ararad gardaiqceoda. samyaros<br />
gangeba ki RmrTis nebis is moqmedebaa, romliTac qmnilebaTa<br />
moqmedebis Zala maTTvis gankuTvnili miznisaken warimarTeba.<br />
rac Seexeba mizans, igi zneobrivi arsebebisTvis RmrTis msgavsebisken<br />
miswrafebaSi mdgomareobs, xolo cxovelTa da<br />
mcenareTa samyaroÿ-ÿsicocxliTa da yofierebiT tkbobisTvisaa<br />
mowodebuli. Tuki RmerTma samyaros Seqmnisas mas garkveuli<br />
mizanic daudgina, maSin, rasakvirvelia, mas axlac mxedvelobaSi<br />
aqvs es mizani, da surs, rom igi miRweul iqnas. samyaros miyvana<br />
am miznamde mas, rogorc yovlisSemZles, SeuZlia. xolo rogorc<br />
saxieri, mis mier Seqmnili qmnilebebis sikeTisTvis yvelafers<br />
akeTebs, Tumca zneobrivi qmnilebebis TavisuflebaSi ar ereva,<br />
aramed keTil saqmeSi mxolod exmareba maT. ganmgebeli<br />
borotebasac uSvebs, radgan borotebis SesaZlebloba qmnilebis<br />
Tavisuflebisgan ganuyofelia. boroteba Tavisuflebis borotad<br />
gamoyenebis Sedegs warmoadgens; igi sikeTis uaryofa da<br />
RmerTTan dapirispirebaa. ganmgebeli yvela Rones xmarobs, rom<br />
Tavisufleba codvisgan Seakavos da amisTvis codvis Cadenas<br />
kanoniT krZalavs, acxrobs sasjelebiT da borotebis Sedegebs<br />
anelebs. RmrTis gangebiT fizikuri boroteba zneobrivi arsebisTvis<br />
wamalia, amiTi igi codvils sinanulisken mouwodebs,<br />
wmends codvebs da saTnoebiT ufro srulyofils xdis.<br />
RmerTi _ Semoqmedi<br />
da ganmgebeli angelozebisa<br />
saxeldeba angelozi (berZ. `angelos~) sakuTriv macnes,<br />
mo ambes niSnavs, magram am saxeliT iwodebian RmrTis gansakuTrebuli<br />
qmnilebebi, usxeulo arsebebi, romelTac goneba<br />
da neba aqvT miniWebuli. Zveli da axali aRTqmis gamocxadeba<br />
sulebis Sesaxeb garkveviT gvaswavlis, rom isini namdvilsa<br />
da piro v nul arsebebs warmoadgenen. wminda sulebis anu angelozebis<br />
sa myaro, iseve rogorc yvelaferi, Seqmnilia RmrTis<br />
mier. miuxedavad imisa, rom sarwmunoebisTvis aucileblad ar<br />
miiCneva maTi Seqmnis zusti drois dadgena, eklesiis mamaTa<br />
swavlebiTa da iobis wignis (38,7) gaTvalisw i nebiT, angelozebi<br />
qveynis dafuZnebisas ukve ugalobdnen ufals, anu angelozebis<br />
Seqmna nivTieri samyaros Seqmnas win uswrebda.<br />
gamocxadeba angelozebis bunebis Sesaxeb saerTod gvaswavlis,<br />
rom igi yvela sulSi wminda da RmrTis qmnilebaTagan<br />
usrulyofilesi iyo. isini sulieri arsebebi arian. macxovari<br />
maT sulebs uwodebs da ambobs, rom suls xorci da Zv a li ara<br />
aqvs, iseTi xorcic ki, rogoric TviT mas aRdgomis Semdeg hqonda<br />
(lk. 24,39), roca mowafeebTan Sesvla daxSuli karebiTac SeeZlo<br />
(in. 20,19). wm. werilis swavlebiT, angelozebs araviTari xorcieli<br />
moTxovnilebebi ara aqvT, `arca iqorwinebodian, arca<br />
ganhqorwinebden~ (mT. 22,30), iseve rogorc sikvdils ar eqvemdebarebian<br />
(lk. 20,35-36). wm. werilSi saubaria angelozTa enis<br />
Sesaxeb, romliTac isini uflis saydars garSemoxveulni adideben<br />
RmerTs, magram iseve rogorc RmrTis saydari ar moiazreba<br />
sagnobrivad, aseve angelozTa enac grZnobieri azriT ar gaigeba;<br />
es angelozTa azrebisa da gr Znobebis saxeobrivi warmodgenaa.<br />
angelozTa sxvadasxvagvari cneba erTi mxriv gviCvenebs, rom<br />
angelozebi, maTi SemosazRvrulobis gamo, yvelgan ar imyofebian<br />
da ar moqmedeben, Tumca ki sagnobrivi samyaros sivrciT ar<br />
arian SemosazRv rul ni, meo re mxriv, maTi Cveneba amtkicebs, rom<br />
nivTieri saxeebi, riTac angelozebi ixilvebian, arsebiTad maT<br />
ar ekuTvniT. isini ama Tu im saxes adamianisTvis iReben, iseve<br />
rogorc Zvel aRTqmaSi TviT RmerTi cxaddeboda xilulad,<br />
magram is SemTxveviToba iyo da ara mudmivi yofiereba.<br />
gamocxadeba usxeulo sulebis Zalebs imdenad srulyofilad<br />
warmogvidgens, rom aseTi srulyofili Zalebi TviT pir ve<br />
lqmnil adamianSic ki ar yofila. wm. mefsalmune galobs, rom<br />
adamiani RmrTis xelidan angelozebTan SedarebiT mcired<br />
daklebuli gamovida (8,5); kerZod, wm. werili angelozebs a) im -<br />
denad srulyofili sibrZniT warmogvidgens, rom maTi xedva<br />
araCveulebrivi mecnierebis momcvelia, iseve rogorc rCe ul<br />
kacTaTvisaa uwyebuli (2 mef. 14,20), da maTTvis bevri is eTi ramis<br />
codnaa mindobili, rac adamianma ar icis (mrk. 13,32), Tumca ki maTi<br />
codna ar vrceldeba arc gulis saidumlo e basa (3 mef. 8,39) da arc<br />
SemTxveviT momavalze (es. 44,7). maTi goni WeSmaritebis Semecnebam<br />
kidev ufro unda srulyos (1 pet. 1,12). b) maTi neba wmindaa (mrk.
120 angelozebis Sesaxeb<br />
boroti angelozebis Sesaxeb<br />
121<br />
8,38) da SeuZlia umetes siwmindes miaRwios, vidre pirvelqmnil<br />
adamians SeeZlo mieRwia Tavisi nebiT. es dacemis im ufskrulidan<br />
Cans, romelSic zogierTi dacemuli suli aRmoCnda. amave dros<br />
angelozebis nebis sisrule yovladsrulyofilis siwmides ver<br />
wvdeba (iob. 4,18). g)ÿgamocxadeba angelozebis Zlierebas, maT<br />
mier sxvadasxva dros aRsrulebuli namoqmedariT gvi Cvenebs.<br />
mag., erT RameSi angelozma asurTa banakis 185 aTasi meomari<br />
gaanadgura (4 mef. 19,35), sxva SemTxvevaSi ki, egviptis yvela<br />
pirmSo mospo (gams. 12,23). arsebobs azri angelozebis eTeruli<br />
sxeulis Sesaxeb. magram es mxolod kerZo mosazrebaa. magram<br />
roca vambobT, rom angelozi usxeulo arsebaa, rogorc wm.<br />
ioane damaskeli gvaswavlis, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `angelozs<br />
usxeulo mxolod CvenTan SedarebiT ewodeba, radganac<br />
erTaderT Seudarebel RmerTTan SedarebiT yovelive uxeSia<br />
da nivTieri; mxolod RmerTia arsebuli, univTo da usxeulo~.<br />
gamocxadeba gviCvenebs, rom RmrTis usxeulo gonieri qmnilebebis<br />
ricxvi Zalze didia. wm. werili angelozTa Soris<br />
xarisxebsac ganasxvavebs, imis Sesabamisad, Tu maTi RmrTivqmnili<br />
buneba ramdenad srulyofilia. areopagituli moZRvrebis Sesabamisad<br />
zeciuri sulebi sam ierarqiad nawildeba, ro mel Tagan<br />
TiToeuli sam dasad iyofa: umaRlesi ierarqia: serafimni, qurubimni,<br />
saydarni; saSualo ierarqia: uflebani, Zalni, xelmwifebani;<br />
umdablesi ierarqia: mTavrobani, mTavarangelozni, angelozni.<br />
angelozebi, rogorc Seqmnili arsebebi, yvelani ueWvelad<br />
RmrTis gangebis meTvalyureobis qveS imyofebian. miuxedav ad<br />
imisa, rom gamocxadeba angelozebs Tavisufad da TavisTavad<br />
RmrTis erTgul sulebad warmogvidgens, amave dros gvi Cvenebs,<br />
rom angelozebi Tavisuflebis ZaliT SeiZleba erTnair zneobriv<br />
mdgomareobaSi ar iyvnen; aseve erTnairi ar unda iyos maT<br />
mimarT ganmgeblis damokidebulebac. amrigad, Cven gvainteresebs _<br />
laparakobs Tu ara gamocxadeba zogierTi sulis dacemis Sesaxeb.<br />
mociquli iuda gvaswavlis (1,6), rom zogierTi suli daeca da<br />
rom amave dros angelozebis mdgomareobis Secvla TviT maTsa<br />
da maTs Tavisuflebaze iyo damokidebuli. gamocxadebis swavlebiT<br />
ganmgebelis damokidebuleba angelozebisadmi Semdegnairad<br />
warmogvidgeba: a) qveynis mTavari miznis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
ganmgebelma yvela angelozs gansakuTrebuli msaxurebis<br />
saxe da adgili ganuwesa; b) ganmgebelma, angelozebis sakuTari<br />
Tavisuflebis Sedegad, zogierTi maTganis dacema dauSva. maTi<br />
dacemis mizezi ki ampartavneba iyo. Tumca sxvadasxva mosazreba<br />
arsebobs, 28 magram eklesiis mamaTa swavlebiT, ampartavneba aris<br />
is mTavari codva, romliTac sulebi daiRupn en da ramac isini<br />
borot sulebad, anu eSmakebad aqcia.<br />
RmrTis sityvis mowmobiT keTili angelozebi ganuwyvetliv<br />
Wvreten RmerTs da misi brZnuli saqmeebiT ganiswavlebian,<br />
ad ideben da aqeben mas, misi xma yvelas esmis da mis nebas aR asruleben.<br />
aseTi gamoTqma, rom keTili angelozebi ganuwyve tliv<br />
Wvreten RmrTis pirs, _ niSnavs, rom RmrTisadmi maT siyvaruls<br />
veranairi qmnileba ver anelebs da maTi netareba ucvlelia.<br />
gamocxadeba gansakuTrebulad warmogvidgens im ke Til angelozebs,<br />
romlebic adamianTa xsnis saqmeSi ganmgeblis rCevis aRmsruleblebad<br />
da TanaSemweebad arian dadgenilni. amas garda,<br />
saxierma ufalma TiToeuli morwmunisTvis gansakuTrebuli<br />
mfarveli angelozi daadgina. morwmune sazogadoebis yvelaze<br />
patara wevrsac ki hyavs Tavisi angelozi, romelic yove lTvis<br />
mzadaa qristes yrmis Semawuxeblis winaaRmdeg RmrTis winaSe<br />
iSuamdgomlos. morwmune sazogadoebas ki yoveli qristiani<br />
naTlobiT uerTdeba, raTa maradiuli sasufeveli daim k vidros,<br />
magram raki adamianis Zalebi sustia, amitomac ufalma TiToeuli<br />
morwmunisTvis, maTi cxonebis gzis mfa rvelo bisTvis, mfar veli<br />
angelozi daadgina, xolo adamianTan angelozis siaxlove TviT<br />
pirovnebazea da mokidebuli, anu imaze, Tu TviTon mas ramdenad<br />
surs sasufevlis damkvidreba.<br />
swavleba boroti angelozebis Sesaxeb<br />
gamocxadeba sulebis dacemas iseTive siZlieriT gamoxatavs ,<br />
rogori Zalac maT Semoqmedisgan miiRes. mociquli pavle wers:<br />
28zogierTni Sesaqmis 6,2 muxlis araswori gagebis safuZvelze, RmrTis<br />
Zeebis adamianTa sulebTan kavSiris gamo, sulebis xorciel ltolvaze<br />
miuTiTeben. es mcdari mosazreba, romelsac wm. ioane oqropirma araki<br />
uwoda, qristianul eklesiaSi iudeuridan (ios. flabiosi) gadmovida.<br />
sinamdvileSi ki (БПЭ, t. 1, 1901. gv.704) aRniSnul muxlSi RmrTis Zeebi ara<br />
angelozebi, aramed adamis Zis, keTilmsaxuri seiTis STamomavlebi arian.
122 swavleba boroti<br />
angelozebis Sesaxeb<br />
123<br />
`SeimoseT yovlad saWurveli igi RmrTisaÁ, raÁTa SeuZloT<br />
Tqu en wina-dadgomad manqanebaTa maT eSmakisaTa, rameTu ara ars<br />
brZolaÁ Cueni sisxlTa mimarT da ÃorcTa, aramed mTavrobaTa<br />
mimarT da ÃelmwifebaTa, soflis mpyrobelTa mimarT bnelisa<br />
mis sawuTroÁsaTa, sulTa mimarT ukeTurebisaTa, ro melni arian<br />
casa queSe~ (ef. 6,11-12). aq a) TviT sisxlisa da xorcis dapirispireba<br />
mTavrobaTa da ukeTurTa mimarT, ise rogorc gamoTqma<br />
romelni arian casa queSe, naTlad gviCvenebs, rom laparakia<br />
ara adamianebTan, aramed ufro Zlier arsebebTan brZolaze.<br />
saxeldeba sulTa ki pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom es sakuTriv sulebia;<br />
b) es sulebi SorsmWvreti gonebiT arian warmodgenilni,<br />
romelTac TavianTi miznisaTvis (manqanebisaTvis) sxvadasxva<br />
xerxis mofiqreba SeuZliaT; g) maT iseTi Zliereba miewerebaT,<br />
rom soflis mpyrobelad da mTa vrebad iwodebian. maTTan<br />
sabrZolvelad qristians gansa kuTrebuli simamace sWirdeba;<br />
d) gamoTqma casa queSe sakma od mkafiod gamoxatavs, rom dacemuli<br />
sulebis samoqmedo adgili cisqveSeTiT ganisazRvreba.<br />
sxvagvarad mas mociquli ha ers uwodebs (iqve 2,2). amrigad, sadac<br />
ki haeria, borot sulebs yvelgan SeuZliaT moqmedeba, rac<br />
adamianebs, rogorc dedamiwis binadarT, saSiSroebas uqmnis.<br />
wm. werilis sxvadasxva adgilas weria, rom maT ician RmerTi<br />
(iak. 2,19), ician sanam gagrZeldeba maTi mTavroba (gamc. 12,12), maT<br />
sakuTari sibrZne (iak. 3,15) da mzakvroba (2 kor. 2,11; 11,3) aqvT;<br />
gars uvlian samyaros da adamianis zneobrivi yofierebis yvela<br />
mxares akvirdebian da swavloben, Tumca ro gorc iobis istoriidan<br />
Cans, zogjer momavali qmedebis gansazRvraSi scdebian<br />
(iob. 1,6-10).<br />
imis Tanaxmad, rasac mociquli pavle efeselebs eubneba, da<br />
wm. werilis sxva adgilebiTac, eSmaks sakuTari neba miewereba (2<br />
tim. 2,26). amave dros es neba imdenad Zlieria, rom misi qmedebis<br />
SezRudvisTvis saWiro iyo TviT macxovris gamocxadeba dedamiwaze<br />
(lk. 11,22-23; mT. 12,29) da odesme misi qmedebiT Tumca cru,<br />
magram mainc saswaulebi aResruleba (2 Tes. 2,9).<br />
borotma sulebma xarisxebi dacemis Semdegac SeinarCunes.<br />
gamocxadeba dacemuli sulebidan erT-erTs mTavrad warmogvidgens<br />
da mas satanas, eSmaks (mters, mowinaaRmdeges) uwodebs,<br />
sxvebs ki _ mis angelozebs (mT. 24,42; iob. 1,6); sxvagvarad mTavar<br />
suls belzebuls, 29 eSmakTa mTavars, beliars uwodebs (gamc.<br />
12,7-9; mT. 12,24; 2 kor. 6,15). mociquli pavle sibnelis mTavrobaTa<br />
da xelmwifebaTa Sesaxeb, rogorc ZaliTa da uflebiT<br />
gansxvavebul arsebebze, ise saubrobs (ef. 6,12; kol. 2,15). macxovari<br />
borot sulebSi iseTebsac gamoarCevs, roml e bic mxolod<br />
marxviTa da locviT ganidevnebian, TviT moci qulebsac ki ar<br />
SeeZloT maTgan ganTavisufleba locvisa da marxvis gareSe<br />
(mT. 17,21). agreTve dacemul sulebSi uboro tesnic ganirCevian<br />
(mT. 12,45).<br />
dacemuli sulebis moqmedeba adamianTa sulebis daRupvis<br />
miswrafebiT gamoixateba. maTi es boroteba gansakuTrebiT<br />
Ze RmerTis dedamiwaze gamoCenisas gamovlinda, radgan misi<br />
mizani adamianTa Soris eSmakis saqmeTa darRveva da adamianTa<br />
xsna iyo. eSmakisagan gamoicada TviT qriste (mT. 4,1); iuda iskariotelis<br />
gulSi manve Cado azri, rom macxovari mosaklavad<br />
gaeca (in. 13,2); SeupovarTa Tvalebs abrmavebda, rom qristes<br />
WeSmaritebis naTeli ar gamobrwyinebuliyo (2 kor. 4,4). roca<br />
macxovari mTesvaris igaviT adamianis sulis sxvadasxva zneobriv<br />
mdgomareobas ganmartavda, Tqva: `xolo gzasa zeda igini<br />
arian, romelTa esmis, merme movidis eSmaki da mouRis sityuaÁ<br />
igi gulisagan maTisa, raÁTa ara hrwmenes da cxonden~ (lk. 8,12).<br />
aq macxovari eSmaks zogierTi sulis mdgomareobaze iseTsave<br />
zemoqmedebis unars miawers, rogoric sxvebisTvis simdidres,<br />
tkbobas (mux. 14), an gansacdels (mux. 13) aqvs. sxvagan, amqveynad<br />
borotebis gamoCenaze igavis ganmartebisas, macxovari ambobs,<br />
rom mteri, eSmaki sargeblobs adamianis sulieri ZiliT, raTa<br />
mis dasaRupad RvarZli daTesos (mT. 13,37-40). zustad aseve<br />
mociqulebi aswavlidnen, rom `eSmaki viTarca lomi myÂrali<br />
mimovals da eZiebs, vinmca STanTqa~ (1 pet. 5,8). igi samyaros<br />
acdunebs (gamc. 12,9) da qristiani RmrTis yvela saWurveliT<br />
unda aRiWurvos, raTa eSmakis Tavdasxmas winaaRmdegoba ga u wios<br />
(ef. 6,11). mociqulTa swavlebiT, satanas a) adamianis gonebaze<br />
damRupvelad SeuZlia imoqmedos, kerZod, SeiZleba misi dabneleba<br />
gamoiwvios (2 kor. 4,4); b) SeuZlia gulSi sulisaTvis<br />
mavne grZnobebi aRZras da keTili STabeWdilebebi gaafermk-<br />
29 belzebuli (ebr. `baal zebue~) nexvis batons, beliari ki (ebr. `belial~,<br />
siriuli warmoTqmiT ~beliar~) _ araraobis Tavads niSnavs.
124 swavleba boroti<br />
angelozebis Sesaxeb<br />
125<br />
rTalos; dabolos, g) mas SeuZlia neba borotebis Casadenad<br />
warmarTos (saqm. 5,3).<br />
boroti sulebis moqmedebidan Cans, rom RmerTi Tavisuflebis<br />
mizeziT uSvebs maT borotmoqmedebas, magram es imas ar<br />
niSnavs, rom ganmgeblis mier maT zraxvebs zRvari ar hqondes<br />
dadebuli. petre mociquli Semcode angelozebis Sesaxeb wers,<br />
rom isini RmerTma gankiTxvis dRisTvis wyvdiadis jaWvebiT<br />
Sekra, raTa sasjeli miiRon (2 pet. 2,4). mociquli iuda gvaswavlis,<br />
rom RmerTi dacemul sulebs ukanaskneli sasamarTlosTvis<br />
samaradiso sakrvelebiT wyvdiadis qveS inaxavs (mux. 6).<br />
mociqulTa sityvebidan gamomdinareobs, rom boroti sulebi<br />
gamouval-gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi imyofebian, magram ki dev<br />
elian sasamarTlos; maTi mdgomareoba mZimea, magram ician da<br />
grZnoben, rom maTi xvedris Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetileba<br />
jer kidev winaa da rom maT yvela TavianTi saqmis angariSi jer<br />
kidev Casabarebeli aqvT. borotma sulebma ician, rom mtanjveli<br />
bedi elodebaT, magram arsebobs Tu ara SesaZlebloba maTi<br />
xvedri sinanuliT Seicvalos? _ RmrTis saxierebis gamo, ra<br />
Tqma unda, arsebobs, magram radganac isini jiutad gaborotdnen,<br />
monaniebis SesaZleblobac sruliad dakarguli aqvT.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom borot sulebs Tavisuflad moqmedebis<br />
ufleba warTmeuli ara aqvT, RmrTis saxelis xseneba iseT Tavzars<br />
scemT, rom maT RmrTis daSvebis gareSe borotmoqmedeba ar<br />
SeuZliaT. Tumca ganmgebeli Tavis qmnilebebze uSvebs eSmakis<br />
momakvdinebel zemoqmedebas, magram am moqmedebisTvis zRvari<br />
aqvs dadebuli da Tan ara mxolod aRadgens darRveul wesrigs,<br />
aramed ukeTesobisken warmarTavs kidec mas.<br />
`aw ars sasjeli amis soflisaÁ, aw mTavari igi amis soflisaÁ<br />
ganvardes gare~ (in. 12,31), ambobs macxovari. qveynis sasamarTlo<br />
nawilobriv Ze RmerTis swavlebiTa da cxovrebiT aResrula,<br />
romelmac mamis nebis aRsrulebisTvis TviT sikvdilic<br />
ki igema, nawilobriv im sasamarTloTi, romelmac Ze RmerTs<br />
soflis codvisTvis sikvdili arguna (rom. 8,3), nawilobriv ki<br />
nugeSismcemeli sulis ZaliT, romelmac adamianebi WeSmaritebiT<br />
ganswavla. amave dros, roca am soflis mTa vris xelisuflebam<br />
dartyma ganicada da adamianebma borotebaze gasamarjveblad<br />
suliwmindis yovladZlieri madli miiRes, maSin bneleTis Ta-<br />
vadma aqamde arsebuli misi sabrZanebeli dakarga da sakuTari<br />
samflobelodan gaZevebul iqna. macxovari imave azrs sxva sityvebiTac<br />
gamoxatavs: `vxedavdi eSmaksa viTarca elvasa, zeciT<br />
gardamovrdomilsa~ (lk. 10,18); da kidev ambobs, rom suli<br />
nugeSinismcemeli adamianebs im sasjelis Sesaxeb Sea g o nebs,<br />
romliTac am soflis mTavari daisaja (in. 16,11). suliwmindis<br />
madls naziarebi sulebi Sexedaven da darwmundebian, rom crumorwmuneoba,<br />
biwiereba da ugunureba, ro melic iudevelTa da<br />
warmarTTa samyaroSi bneleTis mTavarma ase gaamravla, dam-<br />
Rupvelia adamianebisTvis. `amisTÂs gamocxadna Ze RmrTisaÁ,<br />
raÁTa daarRÂnes saqmeni eSmakisani~, ambobs ioane maxarebeli<br />
(1 in. 3,8). eSmakis saqme ki tyuili da sibilwea, xolo maT dasa-<br />
Zlevad Zalas RmrTis madli iZleva.<br />
roca qristiani Tavisi nebiT eZleva codvebs, igi eSmakis<br />
gavlenis qveS eqceva (1 in. 3,8; kor. 7,5), magram advilad SeZlebs<br />
eSmakze gamarjvebas (1 in. 4,4), Tuki misTvis micemul saSualebebs<br />
sarwmunoebiT gamoiyenebs (ef. 6,16). es saSualebebia: a)<br />
ieso qristes saxelis mowodeba: `saxeliTa CemiTa eSmakTa<br />
ganasxmiden,~ ambobs macxovari (mrk. 16,17); b) locva da marxva.<br />
naTqvamia: `ese naTesavi ver SesaZlebel ars ganslvad, garna<br />
locviTa da marxviTa~ (mrk. 9,19); sulieri mRviZareba: `ganifrTxveT,<br />
mRÂZare iyveniT, rameTu wina-mosajuli Tqueni eSmaki<br />
viTarca lomi myÂrali mimovals da eZiebs, vinmca STanTqa~ (1<br />
pet. 5,8).<br />
zedmeti ar iqneba aRiniSnos zneobrivi cxovrebis erTi<br />
mxare, romelic misnobasTan da misnebTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
maT wm. sjuli sasjels miagebs, radgan misnobiT mJRavndeba<br />
mtkice rwmena ara RmrTisa, aramed boroti sulebisa: `ara<br />
SeudgeT Tquen mucliT mezRapreTa da msaxvralTa, ara SeeyenneT<br />
Seginebad maT Soris. me var ufali RmerTi Tqueni~ (lev.<br />
19,31). aseve SeiZleba iTqvas spiritizmis mimdevrebis mimarTac.<br />
isini amboben, rom borot sulebTan urTierTobaSi ar Sedian,<br />
magram a) gasakviri araa, rom moxerxebuli macdurebi ubralo<br />
subieqtebTan marjved moqmedeben da atyueben maT (2 kor. 2,11;<br />
11,3). Tumca spiritizmi Tavis Tavsa da Tavis sulebs TviTonve<br />
amxels: misi mixedviT erTia qriste da muhamedi, warmarTi da<br />
uria. xolo amgvari swavleba mxolod gandgomil sulebs Seu
126 adamianis Sesaxeb<br />
xateba da msgavseba<br />
127<br />
ZliaT; b) spiritizmi sulebTan dakavSirebas aswavlis, magram<br />
mociquli uwmindur sulebTan ara megobrobas, aramed maTTan<br />
brZolas brZanebs (ef. 6,12); g)ÿyovelgvari imedi, romelic<br />
RmrTis gangebis sasoebas Seuracxyofs, usjuloebaa.<br />
swavleba adamianis Sesaxeb<br />
wm. werili adamianis or mxares ganasxvavebs _ xilulsa da<br />
uxidavs, sulsa da xorcs. xrwnadi sxeuli, anu miwa sikvdils<br />
eqvemdebareba da miwasve ubrundeba, suli ki miwier cvlileb ebs<br />
ar eqvemdebareba da ukvdavia. pavle mociquli adamianSi (1 Tes.<br />
5,23; ebr. 4,12) ganasxvavebs suls, samSvinvelsa da gvams (sxeuls).<br />
magram masTan suliTa da samSvinveliT adamianis Sedgenilobis<br />
ori nawili ki ar aris aRniSnuli, aramed su l i eri cxovrebis<br />
ori mxare. wm. werilis zogierT adgilas samSvinveliT 30 sulieri<br />
organizmis mxolod udaresi mxarea ga m o xa tuli, romliTac<br />
adamiani usulo bunebisagan gansxvavdeba, magram jer kidev araa<br />
amaRlebuli ugono cxovelebze.<br />
wm. werilSi adamianis sicocxlis uxilav sawyiss xan samSvinveli<br />
(ä3ø=, berZ. `psixe~) da xan suli (ä3., berZ. `pnevma~) ewodeba.<br />
suli, samSvinveli _ pirovnuli arsebaa, romelic azrovnebs,<br />
grZnobs, natrobs; igi RmrTis mier Seqmnili su lieri arsebaa,<br />
romelic nivTieris sawinaaRmdego TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba.<br />
Tumca eklesiis maswavleblebi zogjer adamianis suls, samSvinvelsa<br />
da sxeuls axseneben, magram adamianis Sedgeniloba<br />
yovelTvis suliTa da sxeuliT aris gansazRvruli.<br />
adamianis Seqmna<br />
mose adamianis warmoSobas ase aRwers: a) nivTieri samya ros<br />
mowyobis Semdeg, gansakuTrebuli bWobis Sedegad, RmerTma Tavis<br />
30 Cvens wyaroSi miTiTebuli adgilebis Sesabamisad, berZnul dedanSi<br />
calke xmarebuli `psixe~ (samSvinveli) qarTul redaqciaSi Targmnilia<br />
rogorc `suli~, rac swored zemoaRniSnuli azris Sesabamisad, sulisa<br />
da samSvinvelis arsebiTi ganusxvavelobiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli.<br />
xatad Seqmna adamiani: `da Tqua RmerTman: vqmneT kaci xatad<br />
Cuenda da msgavsad... da Seqmna RmerTman kaci xatad RmrTisa~<br />
(Sesq. 1,26-27). b) TviT sxeulis Seqmna, ise rogorc miwieri qmnilebebisa,<br />
sityviT ar momxdara, aramed RmerTma sxeulebrivi<br />
organizmi miwisgan Seqmna, romelSic sicocxlis sunTqva _ suli<br />
STabera (Sesq. 2,7). g) RmerTma adamis gverdisgan misi Semwe _<br />
coli Seqmna (Sesq. 2,20-22). wm. ieronimes si tyviT: `visac swams<br />
RmerTi Semoqmedi, igi urwmuno Seiqneba, Tuki WeSmaritebad ar<br />
miiCnevs imas, rac misi wmindanebis mieraa dawerili, anu imas, rom<br />
adami miwisagan da eva ki misi neknisganaa Seqmnili~. xolo rac<br />
uSualod sulisa da xorcis warmoSobas Seexeba, suli dedis<br />
mucelSi sxeulebriv organizmTan erTad iqmneba.<br />
saxierma Semoqmedma pirvelSeqmnil adamians mravali niWi<br />
mimadla, qveynis mflobelad daadgina da misi sulieri Zalebi<br />
SemecnebisTvis SesaZlebeli samarTlianobiT srulyo.<br />
net. avgustine adamis sibrZnis warmosaCenad piTagorasac ki<br />
imowmebs, romelsac uTqvams: `yvelaze Wkviani is adamiani iyo,<br />
vinc sagnebs saxelebi uwodao~. pirvelSeqmnil adamians ara<br />
Tu nakli ar hqonda, aramed ukve siwmidiskenac iswrafoda. es<br />
iyo ucodveli mdgomareoba, xolo saTnoebiT gamdidreba nebis<br />
keTilmoqmedebiT unda momxdariyo. pirvelSeqmnili xorcieli<br />
SedgenilobiT avadmyofobisa da sikvdilisgan Ta vis ufali iyo.<br />
sxeulis rRveva masSi codvis SeRwevam gamoiwvia, rasac xiluli<br />
(samyaros) bunebis rRvevac mohyva; adamianis saqcielis gamo<br />
saerTod qmnileba daemorCila amaoebas da axla gadarCenas<br />
elodeba (rom. 8,19-22).<br />
RmrTis xateba da msgavseba adamianSi<br />
qristianuli eklesiis mamebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />
aqceven imas, Tu ras niSnavs RmrTis xateba adamianSi. miuTiTeben<br />
ra xatebis mizeziT saerTod adamianis upiratesobaze yvela sxva<br />
miwier qmnilebasTan SedarebiT, saerTo azrs gamoTqvamdnen, rom<br />
es xati ara sxeulSi, aramed sulSi unda veZeboT. wm. osios kordubeli<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> krebaze ambobda: `RmerTma Tavisi saxierebis<br />
gamo adamianis gonieri sawyisi xatebasa da msgavsebas, rogorc
128 xateba da msgavseba adamianis dacema<br />
129<br />
sikeTes, gulwrfelobas, siwmides, umankoebas, netarebas da misT.<br />
aziara~. amave dros isini pirvelSeqmnils umaRles sibrZnesa<br />
da siwmides ar miawerdnen. klimenti aleqsandrieli werda:<br />
`dae isminon Cvengan (eretikosebma), rom igi Seqmnisas mTlad<br />
srulyofili ar yofila, 31 magram mTeli sikeTis miRebis unari<br />
hqonda, radgan saTnoeba da misi srulyo fis unari _ erTi da<br />
igive ar aris. mas (RmerTs) unda, rom Cvenive nebiT gadagvarCinos~.<br />
amave azriT eklesiis maswavleblebi adamianSi RmrTis<br />
xatebas msgavsebisgan ganasxvavebdnen, anu aRiarebdnen ra, rom<br />
erTi mxriv sulieri Zalebi umoqmed od ar SeiZleba iyvnen,<br />
srulyofil Zalebs ki ar SeiZleba arasrulyofili moqmedeba<br />
axasiaTebdes, da meore mxriv, imave Zalebis gamovlena drosa<br />
da wvrTnas moiTxovs, amitom mamebi amboben, rom pirvel adamians<br />
RmrTis msgavseba mxolod sa wyisi saxiT mieca. wm. grigol<br />
noselis saxeliT cnobil TxzulebaSi vkiTxulobT: `erTi<br />
(xateba) mogca, meore ki (msgavseba) dawyebuli datova, raTa Sen<br />
Seni Tavis srulyofiT RmrTisagan samagiero jildos Rirsi<br />
gaxde~. xolo wm. ioane damaskeli wers: `xateba gonierebasa da<br />
Tavisuflebas niSnavs, xolo msgavseba _ saTnoebiT SesaZlebel<br />
damsgavsebas~; net. avgustine: `RmrTis xatad da msgavsad Seqmnili<br />
iseT suls ewodeba, romelsac WeSmariti Semecneba da<br />
saTnoebisadmi siyvaruli gaaCnia, radgan xateba SemecnebaSia,<br />
xolo msgavseba _ siyvarulSi. xateba imisganaa, rac gonieria,<br />
msgavseba ki imisgan, rac _ sulieri~.<br />
adamianis dacema<br />
uzenaesi ganmgebeli pirvelSeqmnils siyvaruliT icavda, magram<br />
TviTon adamianma ar daicva Tavisi Tavi da daeca. Se saqmis<br />
avtori mose ase aRwers pirveli adamianebis dacemas: sa mo TxeSi<br />
netarebiT mcxovreb adamsa da evas, garda cnobadis xisa, yvela<br />
xis nayofis Wamis ufleba hqondaT RmrTisgan micemuli, maT<br />
31igulisxmeba SedarebiTi srulyofileba, romelic ukve ganRmrTobiT<br />
miiR weva, Torem adamiani Tavidanve srulyofili iyo, anu yvela is unari<br />
gaaCnda, romelic mas ufro aRmatebul sisrulemde miRwevis SesaZleblobas<br />
aZlevda.<br />
Soris cxovrebis xisac, romelic adamians saukuno cxo vrebis<br />
unars unarCunebda. `xolo xisa misgan cnobadisa ke Ti lisa da<br />
borotisa ara SWamoT misgan, rameTu, romelsa dResa SWa moT<br />
misgan, sikudiliTa moswydeT~ (Sesq. 2,17), _ afrTxilebda ufali<br />
adams. cnobadis xe Tavisi mniSvnelobiT, rogorc gamocdis<br />
iaraRi, adamians uCvenebda, rom RmrTis morCilebiT misi si keTis<br />
Semecnebis netarebaa daculi, xolo ur C obaSi _ borotebis<br />
savalalo SegrZneba. magram cbierma qve warmavalma acduna<br />
dedakaci, aRZra ra masSi jer undobloba mcnebebisadmi, xo lo<br />
Semdeg ampartavneba. ramdenadac azri moqmedebs nebaze, un do -<br />
blobam da ampartavnebis ocnebam gana wyves igi danaSau li sTvis,<br />
xolo nayofis silamazem, romelic, rogorc Canda, gemri elic<br />
unda yofiliyo, codvas gadamwyveti gamarjveba moapovebina<br />
nebaze da man daarRvia mcneba. ded a kacma imden xans arwmuna<br />
qmari, sa nam manac mis magaliTs ar mi baZa da orivem ar Se Wama<br />
akrZalu li nayofi.<br />
danaSauls Sedegad sulieri bunebis samwuxaro daSla mohyva.<br />
`da ganexunes Tualni orTanive da agrZnes, rameTu SiSuel<br />
iyvnes. da Sekeres furceli leRÂsa da qmnes TavTa TÂsTa garemosartymelni~<br />
(Sesq. 3,7). `ganexunes Tualni~ _ am gamoTqmis<br />
gamoyeneba niSnavs imas, rom moulodnelad dainaxes is, rasac<br />
adre ver amCnevdnen, dainaxes siSiSvle. ucnauria am `Tvalebis<br />
axelaSi~ davinaxoT Semecnebis sasiamovno gafarToeba, maSin<br />
roca pirvelSeqmnilTa Semecneba da samsjavro RmrTisa sruliad<br />
sawinaaRmdegos amboben amis Taobaze. pirvelSeqmnilni<br />
aSkarad SeSfoTebulni arian TavianTi axali mdgomareobiT,<br />
rogorc uCveuloTi. codvis Cadenamde maT ar rcxvenodaT TavianTi<br />
siSiSvlisa, imitom rom wmida iyvnen. axla ki, roca akrZaluli<br />
nayofi igemes, sxeulSi uwesrigo moZraoba igrZnes da<br />
SeigrZnes sakuTari sircxvili. `da esmaT ÃmaÁ uf lisa RmrTisaÁ,<br />
mavalisa samoTxesa Sina mimwuxri, da daimalnes adamca da coli<br />
misi pirisagan uflisa RmrTisa saSual xesa samoTxisasa~ (Sesq.<br />
3,8). dacemulebs jer kidev imdeni simtkice hqondaT SenarCunebuli<br />
TavianTi sulieri bunebisa, rom RmerTis siaxlove igrZnes;<br />
magram RmrTis didebulebam maTSi mxolod SiSi gamoiwvia da<br />
moindomes damalvodnen ufals. vis emalebian, yvelganmyofs?<br />
rogori dabnelebaa azrisa! ase mohyva gulis biwierebas azris
130 adamianis dacema adamianis xsna<br />
131<br />
dabneulobac. isini RmrTis winaSe SiSs gamoTqvamen, magram ara<br />
aRsarebis survils. RmerTi TviTon mouwodebs monaniebisken,<br />
magram isini Tavs arideben WeSmarit sinanuls, patiebas iTxoven<br />
danaSaulis erTmaneTze gadabralebiT: qmari dedakacs adana-<br />
Saulebs, dedakaci _ qvewarmavals. ase rom, lamis TviTon Semoqmedsac<br />
dasdon brali da amiT amJRavneben imas, rom keTili<br />
nebis winaaRmdegni arian.<br />
yoveliveSi, rac pirvel adamianebs dacemis Semdeg daemarTaT,<br />
ganmgebelma siyvaruli da samarTlianoba gamoamJRavna. roca<br />
pirvelSeqmnilebma dacemis gamo RmerTs Tavi aarides, RmerTma<br />
maT mimarT mowyaleba gamoiCina: TviTon miuaxlovda da gansakuTrebuli<br />
niSniT _ xmiT mianiSna kidec Tavis si axloveze.<br />
gonebadabnelebulma codvilebma ifiqres, rom yovlismcodnes<br />
daemalebodnen, magram man TviTon mouxmo Ta visTan: adam, sada<br />
xar? roca adamma SiSi gamoxata da ara Se gneba codvisa, ufalma<br />
TviTon mouwoda misi Segnebisaken msubuqi mxilebiT: vin giTxra<br />
Sen, rom SiSveli xar? igi moTminebiT ismens Tavis marTlebas,<br />
Tumca es marTleba mis mimarTac Seicavs sayvedurs. marTlmsajuli<br />
acxadebs sasjels: macdunebel gvels _ damcireba da mwuxareba,<br />
dedakacs _ tki vilebiT mSobiaroba da morCileba qmrisa,<br />
mamakacs _ damuSaveba miwisa, ara yovelTvis warmatebuli, magram<br />
yovelTvis momqancveli, miwas _ wyevla, mamakacsa da dedakacs<br />
_ xorcieli sikvdili da gandevna samoTxidan (Sesq. 3,14-24). am<br />
ukana sknel SemTxvevaSi RmerTi aris ara mxolod damsjeli<br />
da ma mxilebeli, aramed ubedurTa Semwynarebelic: `da Tqua<br />
ufalman RmerTman: aha adam iqmna, viTarca erTi Cuengani, mecnier<br />
keTilisa da borotisa~. _ esaa xma RmerTTan gatolebisa<br />
da yovelives codnis danaSaulebrivi survilis mxilebisa, im<br />
survilisa, romlis aRsrulebam, daumorCileblebSi sibrZnis<br />
nacvlad sisulele, xolo RmrTeebriv didebulebasTan ziarebis<br />
nacvlad samwuxaro dacema gamoiwvia. `aha adam iqmna,<br />
viTarca erTi Cuengani~ _ vis eubneba amas RmerTi? _ ueWvelad<br />
maT, romelTac eTaTbireba adamianis Seqmnisas (Sesq. 1,26). amrigad,<br />
aq aris bWoba mSvenieri qmnilebis samwuxaro xvedrze,<br />
bWoba _ aRsavse TanagrZnobiT! `da aw (saWiroa) nusada miyos<br />
xeli TÂsi da moiRos xisagan cxorebisa, da Wamos da cxondes<br />
ukunisamde~. TanamgrZnobi ufali xedavs, rom damnaSaveebma<br />
TviTon gadawyvites TavianTi xvedri. magram maTi xvedri<br />
maTive axlomxedvelobis gamo SeiZleba kidev ufro samwuxaro<br />
gaxdes, _ ubeduri cxovreba SeiZleba usasrulod gagrZeldes, _<br />
da TanamgrZnobi iyenebs zomas, imdenadve damsjels, ramdenadac<br />
mwyalobels, _ damnaSaveebs aSorebs cxovrebis xes da arTmevs<br />
maT samoTxes. wm. ioane oqropiris sityviT: `vinaidan adamianma<br />
(cnobadis) xisgan igema da mokvdavi Seiqna: amitom igi (RmerTi)<br />
adams ukve samoTxeSi aRar tovebs... radganac adamianma mcnebis<br />
darRveviT udidesi TavSeukavebloba gamoamJRavna da mokvdavi<br />
Seiqna: imisaTvis, rom mas metad ve Rar gaebeda cxovrebis xesTan<br />
Sexeba, romelic mas cxovrebas mudmivad unarCunebda, umjobesi<br />
iyo misi aqedan gaZeveba. maSasadame, samoTxidan gagdeba adamianze<br />
mzrunveloba ufroa, vidre mrisxaneba~. wm. ilariosi<br />
wers: `ar daindo miwisgan Seqmnili adami: danaSaulis Semdeg<br />
samoTxidan gaaZeva, raTa cxovrebis xesTan SexebiT samaradisod<br />
ar dasjiliyo~.<br />
adamidan STamomavlobaze gadasuli codvis Sedegad kacobriobis<br />
mTeli modgma zneobrivsa da fizikur waxdenas<br />
dae qvemdebara. magram rogorc erTi adamis qmedebiT qveynad<br />
sik vdili Semovida, aseve ufali ieso qristes qmedebiT yvela<br />
iRebs uflebas maradiuli cxovrebisaTvis.<br />
RmrTis ganzraxva<br />
adamianis gadarCenisaTvis<br />
mamazecierma dacemuli adamianis aRdgena Tvisi Zisa da<br />
su liwmidis meSveobiT dausabamod gadawyvita. es ganzraxva<br />
mxolod RmrTis siyvarulis saqmea da yvela adamianze erTnairad<br />
vrceldeba, magram ara aucilebeli SedegiT, radgan xsna<br />
adamianis Tavisufal nebazea damokidebuli. RmerTi uSvebs adamianis<br />
mier codvis Cadenas, magram aravis ar aiZulebs scodos,<br />
_ piriqiT, mas yvelas gadarCena swadia.<br />
RmerTi winaswarmWvretia, magram ara _ winaswarganmsazRvreli.<br />
32 winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi RmerTi adamianis Tavisufali<br />
32 RmrTis winaswarganmsazRvrelobaze saubari mxolod im gagebiT Sei-<br />
Zleba, rom RmerTma yovlismcodneobis ZaliT gonier arsebaTa Tavisufali<br />
moqmedebis Sedegi yovelTvis icis da mas gangebulebiT yovelive<br />
winaswargansazRvruli aqvs.
132 adamianis xsna<br />
133<br />
nebis SemzRudveli aRmoCndeba, xolo TviT adamiani _ bedisweras<br />
damorCilebuli. kalvinisa da misi mimdevrebis saxiT<br />
adreve aRmocenebul cru swavlebas imis Taobaze, rom RmerTi<br />
yoveli adamianis beds uciloblad winaswar gansazR vravs, SemdegSic<br />
gamouCndnen gulSematkivrebi. magram aRmosavleTis<br />
eklesiam es swavleba maSinve usjuloebad gamoacxada. ierusalimis<br />
1672 wlis krebaze patriarqebis mier Sedgenil epistoleSi<br />
vkiTxulobT: `gvwams, rom yovladsaxierma ufalma dideba<br />
wi naswar ganumzada maT, romelnic saukuneTa uwinares gamoirCia,<br />
Tumca ara imitom, rom man umizezod ineba zogis gamarTleba da<br />
zogis dasja. rogorc yovelTa mamisaTvis, es uCveulo iqneboda<br />
RmrTisaTvis, romelsac yvelas gadarCena surs. magram radganac<br />
man winaswar ganWvrita, rom erTni kargad isargeblebdnen<br />
TavisuflebiT, xolo sxvebi _ cudad, zogs _ dideba, xo lo zogs<br />
sasjeli winaswar ganusazRvra.~<br />
mamazecierma Tavisi Zis sikvdiliT adamianTa xsnisaTvis<br />
aRsasruli JamTaÁ (gal.4,4), ukuanaÁsknelTa amaT JamTa (1 pet.<br />
1,20) dro daadgina. xolo am drois dadgomamde igi adamian ebs<br />
miznis miRwevaSi mxsnelis molodiniT Seeweoda. am imeds Rmer-<br />
Ti rCeul erSi winaswarmetyvelebiTa da winaswargamosaxviT<br />
asazrdoebda da ganamtkicebda, romlebSic gamosyidvis sai dumlo<br />
adamianTa sulieri mdgomareobis Sesabamisad iyo mo ce muli,<br />
xolo warmarTebi ki maTTvis Sesaferisi gziT, Cveuleb ri vi<br />
amqveyniuri (bunebrivi) gangebiT mihyavda umaRlesi mizni saken.<br />
Zv. aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelebani, romlebic mesiis anu ieso<br />
qristes Sesaxeb iuwyebian da romlebic xSirad ax. aRTqmis<br />
teqstiTaa dadasturebuli, aRsrulebuli istoriuli faqtebis<br />
sakvirveli sizustiTa da detaluri aRweriTaa mocemuli. calcalke<br />
maTi ganxilva Sors wagviyvanda, magram SevecdebiT zogierTi<br />
ganmarteba zogadad mainc warmovadginoT: adamisa da<br />
evas nugeSiscemisaTvis micemuli aRTqma (Sesq. 3,15): Tumca eSmaki<br />
(gveli) adamianebze vnebis miyenebas gaagrZelebs, magram vinme _<br />
Sobili dedakacisagan daarRvevs gvelis damRupvel Zalasa da<br />
mis moqmedebas adamianze. abraamisaTvis micemuli aRTqma (Sesq.<br />
12,3): abraamisagan, isaakisa da iakobis mier warmoiSoba mxsneli,<br />
romelic yvela xalxisaTvis kurTxevis wyaro Seiqneba. iakobis<br />
winaswarmetyveleba (Sesq. 49,8-10): mesia warmoiSoba iudas Zlieri<br />
tomisagan; romelic manamde mova, sanam iuda mTavari tomis mniSvnelobas<br />
dakargavdes; igi Tavisi xelisuflebis qveS xalxebs<br />
Semoikrebs da Semrigebeli _ mxsneli iqneba. moses winaswarmetyveleba<br />
(meor. sj. 18,15-18): mesias kavSiri da urTierToba eqneba<br />
ufalTan; igi iqneba Suamdgomeli aRTqmasa da sjuls Soris;<br />
dabolos, miuxedavad usazRvro di de bulebisa, imdenad Tavmdabali<br />
da mSvidi iqneba, rom adamianebi uSiSrad isaubreben RmerTTan.<br />
winaswarmetyveleba mesiis didebulebaze: fs. 2: mesia gamoxatulia,<br />
a) rogorc cxebuli, romelsac xalxi win aRudgeba; b)<br />
rogorc sionis cxebuli da mpyrobeli mTeli qveynisa; mesias<br />
ewo deba Ze RmerTi, romelsac yvela xalxma mowiwebiT da sasoebiT<br />
unda mimarTos. fs. 44: mesia gamoxatulia, a) rogorc<br />
RmrTis mier Seyvarebuli, Zlieri, samarTliani, maradiuli,<br />
didebuli mefe; b) rogorc saqmro, romelic qorwindeba sionis<br />
asulze da masTan erTad sxva xalxebzec; g) rogorc mpyrobeli,<br />
romelic Tavis Zeebs mTeli qveynis mTavrebad daadgens. fs. 109:<br />
mefe-mRvdelSi mesia _ ieso qriste igulisxmeba.<br />
winaswarmetyveleba mesiis damcirebis Sesaxeb: fs. 15,8-11:<br />
marTali momakvdavi elis aRdgomas. fs. 21: wamebuli ufals<br />
SemweobisTvis evedreba da mtrebis RmrTismgmobelobasa da<br />
urcxvobas gamoxatavs. aRwerilia mesiis wamebis iseTi saxec _<br />
xelebisa da fexebis gaxvreta, romelic daviTis xanaSi saerTod<br />
ucnobi iyo. fs. 39,7-8: qveynad mosvlisas mesia, nacvlad Cveulebrivi<br />
Sesawiravisa, RmerTs Tavis Tavs rogorc srulyofil<br />
msxverpls, ise warudgens.<br />
saerTod daviTis winaswarmetyvelebaSi SeiZleba mesiis<br />
Sem degi niSnebi gamovyoT: a) igi warmoiSveba daviTis Teslisagan;<br />
b) daiTmens usastikes tanjvas, Seuracxyofas, jvarze<br />
sikv dils; g) Cava jojoxeTSi da aRdgeba; d) warmarTebi misgan<br />
Sei tyoben WeSmariti RmerTis Sesaxeb; e) Ze RmerTi Tavis TavSi<br />
gaaerTianebs mefis xelisuflebasa da mRvdlis movaleobas;<br />
v) rogorc mefe igi maradiulad imefebs xalxebze, rogorc Ze<br />
RmerTi mamis gverdiT dajdeba da rogorc mRvdeli maradis<br />
xal xisaTvis iSuamdgomlebs.<br />
esaias winaswarmetyveleba (53,13-dan 53 T.): Ze RmrTisa (mona<br />
uflisa) Tavisi tanjviT yvela xalxs ixsnis codvebiT moweuli<br />
sasjelisagan da RmerTTan Searigebs. es. 7,14: mesia iSveba qa
134 adamianis xsna ieso qristes Sesaxeb<br />
135<br />
l wulisagan. miq. 5,1: mesia beTlemSi iSveba. danielma (9,25-26)<br />
mesiis mosvlis dro zustad iwinaswarmetyvela 483 wliT adre.<br />
zaq. 9,9: karaulsa zeda mjdomare mesiis didebiT Sesvla ierusalimSi.<br />
11,13: iudevelebis mier mesia 30 vercxlad Sefasdeba.<br />
aRniSnulis garda adamianebs WeSmaritebas kidev mravali<br />
keTilmoqmedi winaswarmetyveli, brZeni da RmrTismoSiSi uqadagebda,<br />
romelnic mxolod rCeuli eris warmomadgenlebi<br />
ar yofilan. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia: abi meleq<br />
gerarTeli (Sesq. 20,2), melqisedek salomeli (Sesq. 14,18), iob<br />
idumeveli, ioTos madiameli (gams. 18), balaam wina s warmetyveli,<br />
aRmosavleli mogvebi. net. avgustine wers: `eWvi ar mepareba, es<br />
RmrTis gangebis saqmea, rom Cven mxolod misiT (iobiT) Segvi-<br />
Zlia gavigoT, rom sxva xalxebSic iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic<br />
RmrTiTa da misi saTnoyofiT cxovrobdnen. isini zeciur ierusalims<br />
ekuTvnian da Sesaferisad sarwmunoebisa yvelasTvis miuRwevelni<br />
arian imaT garda, romelTaTvisac RmrTisa da kacTa<br />
Soris erTaderTi Suamdgomeli maRlidanaa gamocxadebuli~.<br />
pirveldawyebiTi gamocxadeba pirveli adamianebis saxiT<br />
yvela xalxs mieca. es gamocxadeba istoriuli (gadmocemis)<br />
gziT inaxeboda da am gzaze TavisTavSi poulobda ara mxo l od<br />
Zalas, raTa warmarTul sibneleSi ar Cakarguliyo, aramed axal<br />
garkveulobasac iZenda. winaswarmetyvelebi arc warmarTi<br />
xalxebis bedis Sesaxebac dumdnen. RmrTis siyvarulis yvelaze<br />
gasaocari magaliTi, romelic Tavis mfarvelobas aravis ar<br />
aklebs, ninevielebs ukavSirdeba. isini uxeSi warmarTebi da<br />
RmrTis eris mtrebi iyvnen, magram RmerTma maTTanac gagzavna<br />
Tavisi winaswarmetyveli imis saTqmelad, rom Tuki ar moinaniebdnen,<br />
saSineli warwymeda elodaT. TviT winaswarmetyveli,<br />
RmrTiuri samarTlianobiT aRsavse moSurne, miuxedavad ninevielTa<br />
sinanulisa, ukmayofilo iyo imiT, rom RmerTma mrisxane<br />
sasjeli Secvala. magram ufalma miaxvedra iona, rom mas codvili<br />
ecodeba da yovelTvis mzadaa misken moqceuli Seiwyalos.<br />
swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb<br />
mamazecieris saxierebis gamo kacobriobisTvis micemuli aR-<br />
Tqma ieso qristes saxiT gacxadda dedamiwaze. ieso qristeSi<br />
aResrula mesiis yvela winaswarmetyveluri niSani. wm. mociqulebi<br />
migviTiTeben, rom qristians swavleba ieso qristes gvamovnebis<br />
Sesaxeb aucileblad sworad unda esmodes. eklesia gamo<br />
cxadebiT miRebul WeSmaritebas gansxvavebul mosazrebebTan<br />
brZolaSi inarCunebda da mas Tavis Svilebs drois saWiroebis<br />
mixedviT ganumartavda.<br />
wm. werili naTlad gamoxatavs, rom ieso qriste aris WeSmariti<br />
RmerTi da WeSmariti kaci, sadac kacSi rogorc adamianuri<br />
sxeuli, aseve sulic igulisxmeba, magram misi adamianurobis<br />
upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom a) igi iSva qalwuli mariamisagan<br />
umamod, suliwmidis moqmedebiT; b) igi Tavisufali iyo<br />
memkvidreobiTi waxdenisagan. xorci, adamianuri buneba, romelic<br />
Ze RmrTisam Seimosa, Cvens codvisaken midrekil sxeuls mxolod<br />
emsgavseboda. ieso qristem ucodveli adamianuroba miiRo; g)<br />
igi aseve Tavisufali iyo yovlgvari piradi codvisganac, sxvagvarad<br />
rom vTqvaT _ ucodveli iyo.<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, ieso qristes adamianuri bunebis aRiarebasTan<br />
erTad ueWvelad unda vaRiaroT misi RmrTeebrivi<br />
bunebac, rogorc samebis ganxorcielebuli meore pirisa. `Cven<br />
vambobT, rom sityvam ieso qristes saxeli maSin miiRo, roca<br />
igi xorciel iqmna~ (wm. kirile ierusalimeli). RmerTkac ieso<br />
qristeSi kaceba da RmrTeebrioba ise SeerTdnen, rom es ori<br />
buneba ori piris mier ki ar imarTeba, aramed kaceba RmrTeebriv<br />
pirTan erTobaSi iqna miRebuli. magram es SeerTeba Serwymas<br />
ar gulisxmobs da arcerTi bunebis moqmedebas ar gamoricxavs,<br />
oRond imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom adamianuri qmedeba RmrTeebrivzea<br />
daqvemdebarebuli. roca or qmedebaze vlaparakobT,<br />
amave dros imazec mivuTiTebT, rom ieso qristeSi ori neba<br />
moqmedebs, romelic erTi piriT xorcieldeba.<br />
adamianTa modgmis gamoxsna rogorc ieso RmerTs, aseve ieso<br />
kacsac miewereba. iesos kaceba, mis RmrTeebriv bunebasTan sxeuliT<br />
dakavSirebuli, maradiuli didebiTaa Semosili; magram<br />
amave dros qristeSi adamianurobam mxolod is SeiZina, risi<br />
miRebac SeeZlo. magaliTad, luTeranuli azris sawinaaRmdegod<br />
_ yvelganmyofoba ieso qristes adamianur bunebas ar ekuTvnis.<br />
aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom radganac ieso qristes RmrTeebrivi<br />
bunebac aqvs, misi dedisTvis RmrTismSoblis wo deba mxolod
136 swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb<br />
137<br />
mas SeuZlia uaryos, vinc eretikuli azrebiTaa dasneulebuli<br />
da ieso qristes WeSmarit RmerTad ar miiCnevs. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia,<br />
rom qalwuli mariami RmerTi-sityvis saswaulebriv<br />
Sobamde suliwmidis mier iyo ganwm endili.<br />
yovelives, rac aRTqmulma mesiam adamianebisTvis aRasrula,<br />
gamocxadeba saqmes uwodebs (in. 4,34), da radganac es saqme<br />
mamazecieris gangebiT aResrula, amitom mas mcnebac ewodeba<br />
(in. 10,18), xolo Sedegis mixedviT ki _ adamianTa xsna (mT. 1,21).<br />
sakiTxis gasarkvevad mxsnelis saqme rogorc saqme winas warmetyvelisa<br />
_ qveynis ganmanaTleblisa, saqme mRvdelTmTa vrisa _<br />
gamomsyidvelisa, da rogorc saqme mefisa, ise unda ganvixiloT.<br />
Zv. aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelTa msaxureba imaSi mdgomareobs,<br />
rom isini RmrTis STagonebiT xalxs WeSmaritebebs auwyebdnen<br />
da keTilmsaxurebas aswavlidnen. ieso qristes winas warmetyveluri<br />
msaxureba ki gansakuTrebulia, radganac igi _ Ze<br />
RmrTisa TviT aris naTeli da WeSmariteba; momavlis winaswarcnoba<br />
da saswaulebi, ubralo, magram naTeli azrebi, swavlebis<br />
Seudarebeli Zala da sxva mravali mowmoba naTels xdis winaswarmetyvelTagan<br />
udidesis _ ieso qristes gansa kuTrebul msaxurebas.<br />
qristes moZRvreba saukeTeso sa zrdos Seicavs adamianis<br />
sulis yvela maRali miswrafebisa Tvis. macxovari ambobs: `ukueTu<br />
vinme nebasa missa hyofdes, cnas man moZRurebaÁ ese, viTar<br />
raÁ ars: RmrTisagan ars, anu me TaviT TÂsiT vityÂ~ (in. 7,17).<br />
rac imas niSnavs, rom Tuki adamianis suli imas eZebs, riskenac<br />
yvelaze ufro unda is wr afodes, maSin TviTonve SeigrZnobs da<br />
gamoarkvevs, rom qri stes moZRvrebaze ufro wminda da ufro<br />
naTeli moZRvreba ar arsebobs. Tumca TviTon macxovari moses<br />
sjuls asrulebda, magram sjulieri wesis srul gauqmebas igi<br />
brZnulad amzadebda. pavle mociqulis sityviT, moses sjulis<br />
wesi ganqarvebadia (2 kor. 3,11) da qristianisTvis Zalas ar<br />
warmoadgens. `ara xarT sjulsa queSe, aramed madlsa~ (rom.<br />
6,14). sjulis Cveulebebi ierusalimis taZarTan da ebraelTa<br />
erov nul xasiaTTan iyo dakavSirebuli, xolo qristianoba _<br />
yvela eris sakuTrebaa. qristiani maswavleblebi Zv. sjulis<br />
wes Si droebiT samkurnalo saSualebas xedavdnen, romelic<br />
konk retuli erisaTvis iyo Sesaferisi.<br />
upiratesi saqme, romelic qveynis mxsnels unda aResrulebina<br />
da romelic mxolod misTvis iyo SesaZlebeli, codvil kacobriobasTan<br />
RmrTis Serigeba iyo. ufali ieso qristes, ro gorc<br />
WeSmariti mesiis sikvdili, jer kidev Zv. aRTqmaSi iyo gagebuli,<br />
rogorc gamomsyidveli adamianTa codvisa. ioane wina mo rbedi<br />
ambobs, rom ieso qriste, rogorc saRmrTo msxverpli, sasjels<br />
qveynis codvebisaTvis miiRebda (in. 1,29). TviT macxovaric<br />
araerTxel amowmebs, rom ewameba da mokvdeba Tavisi nebiT, raTa<br />
RmrTis gansakuTrebuli neba aRasrulos. Zv. aR TqmiT cnobilia,<br />
rom codvaTa miteveba msxverplis sisxliT gamoisyideboda<br />
(ricx. 15,20-25), rogorc mociquli ambobs: `TÂnier sisxlis daTxevisa<br />
ara iyo motevebaÁ~ (ebr. 9,22). as eve cnobilia, rom codvis<br />
miteveba, wm. werilis enaze, codvis daus jelad datovebas niSnavs.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, macxovris sityvebidan vigebT (mT. 26,28; lk.<br />
22,30), rom igi codvebisTvis gaRebuli msxverplia. man Tavisi<br />
sisxli imis gamo daRvara, rom sxvaTa codvebi dausjelad daetovebina.<br />
RmerTma qristes sikvdili imisTvis ganawesa, rom ieso<br />
qristeSi ad amianTa codvebis dasjiT RmrTis samarTlianoba<br />
eCvenebina da adamianebisTvis codvebi ara sxvagvarad, aramed<br />
maTi gulisaTvis TviT ieso qristes dasjiT Seendo. Sedegad<br />
aResrula adamianTan RmrTis samarTliani Serigeba _ saidumlo,<br />
romelic qristia nebs RmrTisagan euwya (kol. 1,27). cxadia, rom<br />
es gamocxadeba adamianTa swavlebidan ki ar gamomdinareobs,<br />
aramed uSualod RmrTisagan.<br />
axla gavarkvioT, raSi mdgomareobs mxsnelis mRvdel mTavruli<br />
saqmianoba. pavle mociquli ieso qristes gamoxatavs<br />
ra mRvdelmTavris saxiT (ebr. 9,9-15), mxedvelobaSi ganwmendis<br />
dadgenil dRes mRvdelmTavris mier mTeli erisaTvis msxverplis<br />
Sewirva aqvs. es msxverpli mTeli erisTvis gaRebuli<br />
gamosasyidi iyo, anu sxvagvarad mas gansawmendelis mniSvneloba<br />
hqonda. aqedan gamomdinare, igive gamomsyidvelobiTi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs mRvdelmTavris msxverpls, TviT qristes,<br />
qristes sikvdils. mociquli ambobs, rom Zv. aRTqmis Semrigeblur<br />
msxverpls sindisis ganwmenda ar SeeZlo, igi adamianebs<br />
mxolod sjulier gamarTlebas aniWebda, `ganswmedda ms gavsad<br />
ÃorcTa maT ganwmedisaTa~ (9,13); qristes sisxliT ki mkvdari<br />
sa qmeebisagan TviT goneba da sindisi ganiwmindeba. amave dros<br />
qr i s tesmier msxverplSewirvaSi, rogorc maradiuli siyvaruli,
138 swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb<br />
139<br />
TviT RmerTi monawileobs.<br />
gamocxadebis swavlebiT, qristes damsaxurebis Zala yvela<br />
adamianze vrceldeba. qriste imaTTvisac mokvda, romelnic mis<br />
amqveynad mosvlamdec cxovrobdnen. misi gamomsyidvelobiTi<br />
msxverpli yvela droSi moqmedebs, `saukunoÁ gamoxsnaÁ pova~<br />
(ebr. 9,12), da radganac TviT qriste maradmyofia, amitom misi<br />
maradiuli mRvdloba iudevelTa mRvdelmTavrebisgan gansxvavebiT<br />
msxverplSewirvis ganmeorebas ar saWiroebs. `xo lo<br />
aw erT-gzis aRsasrulsa JamTasa Seuracxis-yofad codvaTa<br />
msxuerpliTa TÂsiTa gamoCnda~ (9,26), `rameTu erTi msxuerpli<br />
srul iqmna samaradisod ganwmedilTa maTTÂs~ (10,14).<br />
sikvdili sasjelia codvisaTvis, eSmaki ki _ codvis mTava ri,<br />
amitom sikvdilic mis xelSia. magram roca CvenTvis gamosasyidi<br />
gaRebulia, ris Sedegadac RmrTis samsjavroze co dve bi<br />
metad aRar Segveracxeba, 33 amitom codvis mTavarsac, romelsac<br />
manamde codvilebisaTvis igive sasjeli SeeZlo mo eTxova,<br />
rogoriTac TviTonve iyo dasjili, ukve es ufleba aRar aqvs.<br />
eSmakis mTavrobam, romliTac mas Cveni saukuno dasja surda,<br />
Tavisi Zala dakarga.<br />
swavleba qristes gamomxsneli sikvdilis Sesaxeb mokled<br />
SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT: a) sityva CvenTvis jvarze xorciT<br />
evno; b) qriste ise evno, rom mas araviTari codva ar gaaCnda;<br />
g) evno xorciT da ara RmrTeebiT, Tumca RmrTeeba arc vnebisas<br />
ganSorebia; d) Cveni codvebis mtvirTveli qris tes sikvdili imitomacaa<br />
erTaderTi, rom qristem jvarze Tavisi Tavi RmrTisaTvis<br />
mTeli adamianTa modgmis gamosaxsnelad gaiRo msxverplad.<br />
Tuki erTi qristes mier yvelasaTvis gaRebul msxverplze<br />
davfiqrdebiT, SeiZleba gaugebrad mogveCvenos, rogor SeiZleba<br />
sxvisi mdgomareoba gaxdes Cveni da sxvisi simarTle Cvens simarTled<br />
iqces, da piriqiT: damnaSave mamaTa Svilebma sasjeli<br />
miiRon mSoblebis codvaTa gamo. winaparTa damsaxureba STamomavlobaze<br />
gadadis da erTi kacis msaxureba mTel gvars<br />
gadaecema. kacTa modgma mTel gvars warmoadgens, sadac erebi<br />
da adamianebi igivea, rac cocxali organizmisTvis aso ebi. Cveni<br />
kavSiri qristesTan ufro mWidroa, vidre kavSiri nebismier<br />
33 igulisxmeba adamis codva, romlis daxsnamde yoveli adamiani sikvdilis<br />
tyveobaSi imyofeboda da sasufevlis kari daxSuli hqonda.<br />
adamianTan, _ igi Cveni Tavi da RmerTkacia. Tuki pi r veli codvis<br />
nayofi bunebrivi SobiT pirveli mamidan STamomavlobaze<br />
gadavida, maSin ratom ar SeiZleba, rom RmerTkacis morCilebis<br />
keTili nayofi morwmuneebze madlismieri ganaxlebis gziT<br />
gadavides?<br />
qristes damsaxurebis aRiareba Cvens Tavisuflebazea damokidebuli<br />
da amitom Sromasa da moqmedebas moiTxovs. gamocxadeba<br />
gviCvenebs, rom Cven iesos damsaxurebaTa rwmena mogve<br />
Txoveba, magram ara unayofo, aramed cxoveli, romelic Cvens<br />
xorcsa da mis vnebebs jvars acmevs. roca swavlebas qristes<br />
damsaxurebis Sesaxeb sizarmacisa da sulieri daZabunebis sasargeblod<br />
borotad iyeneben (mag., protestantebi), 34 es ar niSnavs,<br />
rom TviT swavleba unayofo iyos zneobisaTvis. es mxolod<br />
imas moaswavebs, rom sulieri kanonebis Seuracxyofis xarjze<br />
adamianebs ar surT misiT sargebloba.<br />
dabolos, ganvixiloT swavleba ieso qristes, rogorc mefis<br />
Sesaxeb. Zv. aRTqmis gamocxadeba mxsnels qveynis WeSmarit<br />
mefed warmogvidgens, xolo ax. aRTqmaSi naTqvamia, rom ieso<br />
qristem zecad amaRlebis Semdeg ara mxolod yvela saxelze<br />
meti saxeli, aramed yoveli xelmwifeba caTa Sina da queyanasa<br />
zeda miiRo (mT. 28,18), ise rom yovelive TviTon daimorCila.<br />
gamocxadeba mas mwyemssa da Tavs uwodebs. ieso qriste aris mefe<br />
ara mxolod saxeliT, aramed mefuri ZalauflebiTac. magram<br />
unda gvaxsovdes, rom qristes mefoba politikuri ki ar aris,<br />
rogorc es iudevelebs egonaT mesiis Sesaxeb, aramed sulieri.<br />
jvarcmis Semdeg qristes mefuri dideba TandaTan ufro<br />
gamoaSkaravda. pirvel rigSi, igi jojoxeTidan Zv. aRTqmis<br />
marTalTa sulebis amoyvaniT gamomJRavnda (ef. 4,8-10; 1 pet. 3,<br />
18-19). qriste saRmrTo Zalis moqmedebiT bneleTSi sulebTan<br />
ma Sin Cavida, roca xorciT mkvdari iyo, suliT ki _ cocxali. qristes<br />
mefuri dideba Semdeg misi aRdgomiTa da zecad amaRlebiT<br />
dadasturda. mama RmerTis marjveniT ieso qristes dajdoma<br />
ki casa da qveyanaze mis xelmwifebasa da mis mier samyaros<br />
mbrZaneblis didebisa da Zalauflebis gaziarebas niSnavs. ieso<br />
qriste, rogorc Ze kacisa, iyo da rCeba mama RmerTis xelisu-<br />
34 protestanti knapi werda: `Cveni damSvidebisTvis sakmarisia vicodeT<br />
da gvjerodes, rom sasjeli codvisTvis gauqmebulia~.
140 ieso qristes Sesaxeb adamianis ganwmenda<br />
141<br />
flebis qveS. qristes meufeba, romelic axla kacTa Sorisaa<br />
gacxadebuli, qristes madlis samefos warmoadgens, magram igi<br />
codvil kacTa da maTSi moqmedi boroti sulebis moqmedebiT<br />
bneldeba, xolo is samefo, romelic amqveyniuri samefos Semdeg<br />
iarsebebs, didebis samefo iqneba da mas veraferi daabnelebs.<br />
qristes axal samefoSi, romelic madlis samefos droebiTi<br />
arsebobis Semdeg gacxaddeba, mxolod ifqli iqneba gareSe<br />
RvarZlisa. mas mxolod isini daimkvidreben, romlebmac RmrTis<br />
sadideblad TavdadebiT iRvawes da gamouTqmeli sixaruliTac<br />
datkbebian.<br />
RmerTi _ ganwmendeli adamianisa<br />
roca adamianis ganwmendaze vlaparakobT, xsnis saqmeSi TiTo<br />
euli kacis monawileobas vgulisxmobT, romelic ieso qris tem<br />
am qveyanaze gancxadebiT kacobriobisTvis moipova. macxov ris<br />
nebiT RmrTis Serigeba adamianTa modgmasTan erTxel da samudamod<br />
aResrula da ufalma ieso qristem mamazecieris ma d lis<br />
wyaros yvela msurveli aziara.<br />
ganwmendis moqmedeba adamianSi memkvidreobiTi waxdenis<br />
Tan daTanobiT Sesustebasa da RmrTis cxovelmyofelobiT mis<br />
TandaTanobiT ganaxlebas gulisxmobs. radgan RmrTis mier<br />
adamianis ganwmenda RmrTis dausabamo ganzraxvis Sedegia da<br />
TavisTavad saidumlos warmoadgens (ef. 5,32), amitom ganwmendis<br />
Sesaxeb swavlebis gadmocemisas gonebas mxolod is SeuZ lia<br />
moiTxovos, rom es swavleba RmrTis sityvidan da gardmo ce midan<br />
sworad iqnas amokrebili da ganmartebuli. TviT go nebas ki<br />
isRa darCenia, rom gamocxadebiTi swavleba Tavis azro b riv sa<br />
da zneobriv sawyisebTan SeaTanxmos.<br />
gamocxadebis mixedviT yoveli adamianis ganwmendis mizezad,<br />
rogorc mama RmerTi, aseve Ze RmerTic warmogvidgeba. xolo<br />
TviT ganwmenda, Zis damsaxurebis Sedegad, suliwmidis saqmea,<br />
amitom am moqmedebas suliwmidiT ganwmenda ewodeba.<br />
Zveli aRTqmis eklesiis istoriis ganxilviT irkveva, rom<br />
Zveli eklesiis Svilebi suliwmidis madls ise uxvad rodi<br />
flobdnen, rogorc axali eklesiisa. Zveli aRTqmis winaswar me-<br />
tyvelebi qadagebdnen, rom dro, roca RmrTis suli adamianebze<br />
gansakuTrebuli ZaliT imoqmedebda, jer isev win iyo. es dro,<br />
romelsac Tavis mowafeebs macxovaric aRuTqvamda (in. 14,16-17;<br />
16,13), misi mkvdreTiT aRdgomisa da amaRlebis Semdeg dadga<br />
(saqm. 2,1-4). suliwmida (nugeSinismcemeli), macxovris aRTqmis<br />
Tanaxmad, mociqulTa gulebSi moqmedebda. ro gorc ga n wmendeli<br />
suliwmida moqmedebda, moqmedebs da saukuneTa dasasrulamde<br />
imoqmedebs (in. 14,16) da radganac nugeSinismcemlis Sesaxeb aRTqma<br />
mociqulebze aResrula, es imas amtkicebs, rom misi moqmedeba<br />
mTel eklesiaze vrceldeba (in. 14,22-23). ada mianebze suliwmidis<br />
gadmosvla, rogorc aRvniSneT, Ze Rmer Tis gamomxsnel sikvdilze<br />
iyo damokidebuli, xolo TviT ga moxsna sabolood jvarcmuli<br />
macxovris gandidebiT aResrula , anu suliwmidis gardamosvla<br />
sruli saxiT macxovris zecad amaRlebas mohyva.<br />
wm. werilis gamonaTqvamebis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT<br />
ganxilvis Sedegad, suliwmidis moqmedebis Sesaxeb swavleba ase<br />
SeiZleba CamovayaliboT: a) RmrTis sulis moqmedeba adamians<br />
WeSmarit sikeTes _ xsnas aniWebs: `madliTa xarT gamoÃsnil~<br />
(ef. 2,8); b) suliwmida TviT adamianis bunebaze moqmedebs misi<br />
meored Sobisa da ganaxlebisaTvis: `miÃsnna Cuen, baniTa miT<br />
meored SobisaÁTa da ganaxlebiTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa, romeli-igi<br />
mohfina Cuen zeda~ (tit. 3,5-6); g) adamianze suliwmidis<br />
moqmedeba TviT adamianis nebas ar gamoricxavs: `madliTa xarT<br />
gamoÃsnil sarwmunoebisa mier... iwyeT sulierad da aw Ãorcielad<br />
aRasrulebT?~ (ef. 2,8; gal. 3,3); magram d) adamianis mxridan<br />
yovelgvar winaswar damsaxurebas gamoricxavs, radgan misi<br />
xsna mxolod ieso qristes mieraa mopovebuli: `ara saqmeTagan<br />
simarTlisaTa, romelni-igi vqmneniT Cuen, ara med wyalobiTa<br />
TÂsiTa miÃsnna Cuen... saqmeTagan SjulisaTa suli igi miiReT?~<br />
(tit. 3,5; gal. 3,2). amitom am Tvisebebis gamo e) adamianze suliwmidis<br />
moqmedebas sxvagvarad RmrTis madli, niWi ewodeba:<br />
`ukueTu madliT, arRara saqmeTagan; ukueTu ara, madli igi ar-<br />
Rara Seiracxebis madlad... ese ara Tquengan, aramed RmrTisa<br />
niWi ars~ (rom. 11,6; ef. 2,8).<br />
ieso qristes madli, romliTac adamianis ganaxleba aResruleba,<br />
Cven macxovris siyvarulis gamo daumsaxureblad mivi-<br />
ReT da es moqmedeba sruliad sapirispiroa im cvlilebebisa,
142 adamianis ganwmenda eklesia<br />
143<br />
ro melic adamis Secodebam warmoSva. am ori moqmedebis saxe<br />
mxo los imiTaa erTnairi, rom orive Sinagania.<br />
`ekrZalebodeT ukue, viTar-Zi gankrZalulad xualT, nu<br />
viTarca ugunurni, aramed viTarca brZenni; gamoifrdidiT<br />
JamTa, rameTu dReni borotni arian. amisTÂs nu iyofiT ugunur,<br />
aramed gulisxÃma-hyofdiT, raÁ-igi ars nebaÁ RmrTisaÁ~ (ef.<br />
5,15-17). `xolo glocav Tquen, Zmano, gardamatebad ufroÁsRa da<br />
pativis-cemis moyuare iyveniT da myudro da iqmodeT TÂssa da<br />
SurebodeT ÃeliTa TqueniTa, viTarca-igi gamceniT Tquen~ (1 Tes.<br />
4,1-11). `da rameTu raJams-igi viyav Tquen Tana, amasve gamcnebdi<br />
Tquen: ukueTu visme ara aqundes saqmis, nucaRa Wamn. rameTu<br />
mesmis vieTTÂsme, romelni iqcevian Tquen Soris uwesod, araras<br />
iqman, aramed mimoiwulilven. eseviTarTa maT vamcnebT da vhlocavT<br />
uflisa Cuenisa mier iesu qristesa, raÁTa myudroebiT<br />
Sureboden da TÂssa pursa Wamden~ (2 Tes. 3,10-12).<br />
pavle mociquli yovelTvis moiTxovda, rom qristians eSroma<br />
da TviTdajerebas ar miscemoda im fiqriT Sepyrobili,<br />
rom radganac madlis qveS imyofeba, misi mxridan moqmedeba<br />
araa saWiro. madli adamians imgvar mdgomareobas ar uqmnis,<br />
rom TiTqos misTvis araviTari saSiSroeba aRar arsebobdes.<br />
ma d li adamianis Tavisufal nebas arc spobs da arc asustebs,<br />
aramed adamians misTvis miniWebuli madlis mxolod Sro miT<br />
gamravleba moeTxoveba; daemorCileba Tu ara madlis Sego nebas<br />
da sulze misi zemoqmedebis Zalas gazrdis Tu Seamcirebs<br />
_ es TviT adamianzea damokidebuli. wm. werilis Segonebis<br />
safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT: a) madliT aRvsili adamianis<br />
arc goneba da arc neba madlis moqmedebiT ar iboWeba da madli<br />
Tavisufal nebaze aucileblobiT ar moqmedebs. b) Tavisuflebis<br />
ZaliT qristians madlismier niWTa gamravleba-Semcirebaca da<br />
misi sruli CaxSobac SeuZlia; amitom Tavisuflebis, gonebisa<br />
da nebis moqmedebas madlTan aTanxmebs. g) qristianisTvis xsnis<br />
saqmis aRsruleba madlTan TanamoqmedebaSi mdgomareobs.<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia Zvel swavlebas adamianis ganwmendis<br />
anu adamianis darRveuli bunebis madlismieri ganaxlebis<br />
Sesaxeb, romelic misi Tavisufali nebis gareSe ar aResruleba,<br />
adrec da axlac erTnairad inaxavs. igi dRemde aswavlis, rom<br />
qristians siyvarulisa da keTili saqmeebis ga reSe arc mxolod<br />
rwmena gadaarCens da arc mxolod siyvaruli da keTili saqmeebi<br />
rwmenis gareSe, radgan swored sarwmunoebaa mimzidveli<br />
suliwmidis madlisa, oRond `sarmunoebaÁ, siyvarulisagan Sewevnuli~<br />
(gal. 5,6).<br />
eklesia<br />
axali aRTqmis eklesiis RmrTivdadgenili Svidi saidumlo<br />
(naTlisReba, mironcxeba, ziareba, sinanuli, mRvdloba, qorwineba,<br />
zeTis kurTxeva), 35 romelic saRmrTo msaxurebis dros<br />
madlis uxilav moqmedebaSi mdgomareobs, TavisTavad gulisxmobs<br />
im sazogadoebis arsebobas, romlis kurTxevisa da ganwmendisTvisac<br />
aris igi mocemuli. sazogadoebaSi ki gansakuT rebuli<br />
pirebi arseboben, romlebsac saidumloTa aRsrulebisas<br />
moqmedebis gangeba aqvT mindobili. Cveni msjelobis sa ganic im<br />
damokidebulebaTa garkvevas ukavSirdeba, romelsac eklesiasa<br />
da mis ierarqiaze swavleba gansazRvravs.<br />
qristes eklesia RmrTisagan dadgenili qristes morwmuneTa<br />
sazogadoebaa, romelic suliwmidis gangebiT maradiuli<br />
cxovrebisaTvis RmrTis sityviT, saidumloebebiTa da mRvdel-<br />
TmTavrobiTaa SeerTebuli. rogorc yoveli sazogadoeba, aseve<br />
eklesiac sulisa da sxeulisagan Sedgeba. eklesiis suli _<br />
madli suliwmidisa yoveli morwmunis ganmacxovelebelia da<br />
gansa kuTrebuli siuxviT RmrTis wminda adamianebs eniWebaT,<br />
eklesiis sxeuls ki misi uZluri da Zlieri wevrebis keTilad<br />
gangebuli Semadgenloba warmoadgens, romelTagan erTni mmarT<br />
ve lebi arian, xolo meoreni _ damorCilebulni. wm. weril<br />
i qri stes eklesiis cocxal sxeuls (gvams) caTa sasufevels,<br />
Rm r Tis sasufevels da RmrTis saxls anu saxleuls uwo debs.<br />
rogorc qristes morwmuneTa sazogadoeba, qristes eklesia<br />
ad a mianis surviliTa da SesaZleblobebiT ki ar aris<br />
da fuZnebuli, aramed Ze RmerTis ZaliTa da nebiT. aqve unda<br />
aRvniSnoT, rom qristes eklesia da qristes swavleba ganuy-<br />
35 mokled gadmocemuli swavleba saidumloTa Sesaxeb ara erT xelmisawvdom<br />
gamocemaSia (mag., katexizmoebSi) warmodgenili, amitom am sakiTxs<br />
aq aRar SevexebiT.
144 eklesiis Tvisebebi<br />
145<br />
ofelia; qristes swavleba qveyanas imitomac mieca, rom eklesia<br />
arsebobdes.<br />
qristes WeSmariti eklesiis Tvisebebi<br />
ufalma ieso qristem Tavisi eklesia ara mxolod daafuZna,<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebebze dadgenili simbolos mixedviT<br />
aramed mis Tavs TviTonve warmoadgens. `qriste Tav ars eklesiisa,<br />
da igi Tavadi ars macxovari guamisaÁ~ (ef. 5,23). radgan eklesiis<br />
Tavi TviT RmerTkacia _ `savse madliTa da WeSmaritebiTa~ (in. 1,14),<br />
esec ki ueWvels xdis, rom igi eklesias (sxeuls) suliwmidiT aRavsebs,<br />
an rac igivea, suliwmida, ro gorc eklesiis cxovelmyofeli<br />
sawyisi, eklesiaSi mudmivad imyofeba. yvela sulieri nayofi _<br />
siyvaruli, sulgrZeleba, myudroeba, moTmineba da sxv. morwmuneebSi<br />
swored misiT aResruleba (gal. 5,22). suliwmida rCeulebs<br />
aRmatebul madls, momavlis xedvis niWs, avadmyofTa gankurnebis<br />
Zalas da sxv. aniWebs (1 kor. 12,7-11).<br />
amrigad, is vinc naTlobis ZaliT marTlmadideblur eklesias<br />
uerTdeba, wm. mamebis dadgenili swavlebis Tanaxmad ambobs:<br />
`mwams da vaRiareb, rom marTlmadidebeli kaTolike ek lesiis<br />
damamkvidrebeli, Tavi da uzenaesi mRvdelTmTavari ufali Cveni<br />
ieso qristea, da rom, am eklesiis ganmgebeli da saWeTmpyrobeli<br />
suliwmidaa~.<br />
qristes eklesias garda codvili adamianebis gadarCenisa,<br />
sxva daniSnuleba arc SeiZleba hqondes. siwminde aris mizani,<br />
romelsac eklesiam RmrTis nebiT misTvis micemuli saSualebebiT<br />
unda miaRwios. pavle mociqulis sityviT (ef. 4,11-13), mizans,<br />
romliskenac eklesia unda iswrafodes, Ze RmerTis sruli Sem-<br />
Cven erTi, wmida, kaTolike da samociqulo eklesia gvwams.<br />
erTi.ÿeklesiis erTobisaTvis sarwmunoebis, saidumloebisa<br />
da madlis erTobaa aucilebeli. eklesiis erTobisaTvis aseve<br />
aucilebelia siyvaruliT kavSiri. sarwmunoebisagan gand gomilebi<br />
da WeSmariti swavlebis Semryvneli mwvaleblebi mociqulTa<br />
kanoniT qristes eklesias ganSorebulni arian. eklesiisaTvis<br />
aucilebel erTobas wm. werili wes-Cveulebebsa da eklesiis Sem-<br />
TxveviT sakuTrebaTa mowyobaze ar avrce lebs. sarwmunoeba erTia,<br />
erTia saidumloebic, iseve rogorc er Tia qristes WeSmariteba.<br />
qristes sarwmunoebas SeuZlebelia raime moakldes an miematos,<br />
maSin roca, garemoebis mixedviT Cveulebebi SeiZleba garegnulad<br />
Seicvalos. Tumca gansxvavebis miuxedavad isini yovelTvis<br />
sarwmunoebis erT suls gamoxataven. siyvaruli mxolod erTi<br />
niSniT rodi gamovlindeba, vinc CveulebaTa dacvis mizniT wesis<br />
arSemsruleblebs brma axirebulobiT amayad kicxavs da TviT<br />
mTavrobasac ganaqiqebs, amiT siyvarulsa da qristianul suls<br />
Seuracxhyofs da ganxeTqilebis warmoSobas uwyobs xels. cnobilia,<br />
rom adgilobriv eklesiebs TavianTi mowameebi da moRvaweebi<br />
hyavT, sakuTar dResaswaulebs zeimoben, magram amisTvis qristes<br />
WeSmariti eklesiis erTobas ar akldebian. adgilobrivi eklesia<br />
ecneba da adamianis sulieri srulyofa warmoadgens. macxovris<br />
WeSmariti eklesiis uflebas maSin kargavs, roca igi gamocxadebiTi<br />
swavlebiT, eklesia uflisgan mocemuli WeSmaritebisTvis unda<br />
sarwmunoebis dogmatebs arRvevs, Tundac rom garegani mowyobi-<br />
cxovrobdes da saero suli da uflebani ar unda SeiTvisos. salobiT<br />
qristes eklesiis msgavsi iyos.<br />
kuTriv misi saqme adamianTa gulebSi zeciuri WeSmaritebis dan-<br />
wmida.ÿsiwminde eklesiis aucilebeli Tvisebaa. wm. werilis<br />
ergviT gamoixateba. mociqulTaswori imperatori konstantine<br />
swavlebiT, ieso qriste imitomac ecva jvars, rom Tavisi sisx-<br />
nikeis <strong>msoflio</strong> krebaze episkoposebs mimarTavda: `Tqven eklesiis<br />
liT adamianTa codvebi ganebana (ef. 5,25-27). qristes morwmuneebi<br />
Sinagani saqmis episkoposebi xarT, xolo me garegani saqmisTvis<br />
rCeulsa da wmida ers warmoadgenen (1 pet. 2,9). amave dros aR-<br />
uflisagan dadgenili episkoposi SeiZleba mewodos~. Tuki samosaniSnavia,<br />
rom eklesias susti wevrebi, codvili adamianebic<br />
qalaqo xelisufleba qristianulia, igi movalea qri stes eklesia<br />
Seadgenen. macxovari Tavis eklesias adarebs yanas, romelSic<br />
saSiSroebisagan daicvas da mas sarwmunoebis warmatebisTvis<br />
xorbalTan erTad wamozrdil RvarZls manam ar am o Zirkvaven,<br />
moRvaweobaSi daexmaros.<br />
sanam mkis Jami ar moiweva (mT. 13, 24-3). siwminde ase ve mizanicaa,<br />
romelsac eklesiam misTvis mi cemuli saSualebebiT unda miaRwios.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, am a od Txouloben, rom eklesiis<br />
yoveli wevri wminda iyos. eklesia acxadebs, rom susti adamianebi
146 eklesiis Tvisebebi ierarqia<br />
147<br />
mis siwmindes ver aknineben da maTi ga Zleba manamde SeiZleba,<br />
vidre maT monaniebis Zala SeswevT. qristes eklesia RmrTis<br />
rCeulebisa da suliwmidis madlis gareSe ar asodes ar rCeba,<br />
mwvaleblebi ki piriqiT, TavianTi sazogadoebis wmindanebze,<br />
mowameebsa da saswaulmoqmedebze verasodes miuTiTeben.<br />
kaTolike.ÿiudeuri eklesia adgiliTa da droiT Semosa zRvruli<br />
iyo, qristes eklesia ki <strong>msoflio</strong> da sayovelTaoa (berZ.<br />
`kaTolike~); igi yvela adgilisa da yvela drois mowmu neebs<br />
moicavs. WeSmaritebis matarebeli da gamomxatveli qri stes<br />
eklesia romelime adgiliTa da xalxiT ar SeiZleba Se izRudos.<br />
amave dros unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom radganac qristes<br />
eklesia sarwmunoebiT erTia, amitom yvelaze didi eklesiebic<br />
ki, Tundac laTinebisa da protestantebisa, wminda sarwmunoebis<br />
ukmarisobis gamo qristes WeSmarit eklesias ar warmoadgenen.<br />
ama Tu im xalxSi eklesiis damkvidreba saxarebiseuli WeSmaritebis<br />
miRebas niSnavs, igi xalxis zneobriv mdgomareobazea<br />
damokidebuli da ara mxolod eklesiaSi moqmed madlze. rogorc<br />
yoveli adamianis gulisaTvis axlobeli da saRmrTo WeSmaritebis<br />
siwmindisa da sayovelTaobis gamomxatveli, qristes<br />
ek le sia <strong>msoflio</strong> eklesias warmoadgens (saq. 5,37-38).<br />
eklesia saukuneTa dasasrulamde iarsebebs. es azri dro sTan<br />
mimarTebaSi or faqtors gulisxmobs: eklesiis uwyvet arsebobasa<br />
da sarwmunoebrivi cdomilebis SeuZleblobas. macxovarma<br />
mociqulebs acnoba: `amas kldesa zeda aRvaSeno eklesiaÁ Cemi<br />
da bWeni jojoxeTisani ver ereodian mas~ (mT. 16,18). mociquli<br />
pavle evqaristiis Sesaxeb ambobs: `raoden-gzisca SWamdeT pursa<br />
amas da sumideT sasumelsa amas, sikudilsa uflisasa miuTxrobdiT,<br />
vidremde movides~ (1 kor. 11,26). ese igi evqaristiis saidumlo<br />
qristes meored mosvlamde Sesruldeba, rac imas niSnavs,<br />
rom qristes eklesiac, sadac es saidumlo aResruleba, saukuneTa<br />
dasasrulamde iarsebebs. mociquli pavle gvaswavlis: `ukueTu<br />
vyovno, raÁTa uwyodi, viTar-igi jer-ars saxlsa Sina RmrTisasa<br />
slvaÁ, romel ars eklesiaÁ RmrTisa cxovelisaÁ, sueti da simtkice<br />
WeSmaritebisaÁ~ (1 tim. 3,15). eklesia RmrTis samyofelia<br />
da amitomac aris qristianuli swavlebis sveti da simtkice, ise<br />
rom WeSmaritebisagan ara mxolod TviTon ar ixreba, aramed<br />
misi SenarCuneba adamianTa gulsa da gonebaSic SeuZlia.<br />
aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom meored mosvlamde mudmivi arseboba<br />
da WeSmaritebisgan gadaxris SeuZlebloba mxolod qristes<br />
kaTolike eklesias axasiaTebs da SesaZlebelia cal k e ul<br />
adgilobriv eklesiebze ar gavrceldes. amas gamocdilebac<br />
gviCvenebs, mag., brwyinvale mnaTobs hgavda karTagenis eklesia,<br />
magram igi didi xania Caqra. aRmosavleTis ara erT eklesiasac<br />
igive bedi ewia. aqedanac Cans, rom eklesiis ucodveloba<br />
mxolod kaTolike (sayovelTao) eklesiis kuTvnilebaa. adgilobriv<br />
eklesias mxolod maSin aqvs ufleba marTlmorwmuned<br />
iwodebodes, roca kaTolike eklesiis simarTlis mtkice<br />
damcvelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo Jams sarwmunoebisagan<br />
gandgoma ueWvelad didi iqneba (lk. 18,8; 2 kor. 2,3) da WeSmariti<br />
morwmuneebi Zneli mosaZebni gaxdeba, isini mainc iarsebeben.<br />
samociqulo.ÿqristes eklesia Tavis Tavs yovelTvis samociqulos<br />
uwodebda. eklesiis swavlebis samociqulo warmomavloba<br />
da mociqulTagan momdinare episkoposTa memkvidreobiToba<br />
eklesiis Rirsebis ueWvel niSans, swavlebis mtkice safuZvelsa<br />
da eresebis samxilebel ucilobel arguments warmoadgens.<br />
eklesiaSi qristes sulis dacvas wmida mamebi samociqulo dadgenilebebis<br />
urRvev tradicias ukavSireben.<br />
ierarqia<br />
im Tvisebas, romliTac qristes eklesia yvela sxva sazogadoebisgan<br />
gansxvavdeba, adamianis ganmwmendeli madlis ueWveli<br />
arseboba warmoadgens, xolo amqveyniur ierarqias anu eklesiis<br />
ganmgeblobas ganwmendis saqmis msaxureba akisria. is, rom<br />
adamianTa zneobrivi aRzrdis xelis SewyobisTvis ufleba<br />
sasuliero fenis warmomadgenels RmrTisagan aqvs miniWebuli,<br />
Semdegi adgilebidan Cans: macxovari mociqulebs eubneba:<br />
`momeca me yoveli ÃelmwifebaÁ caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda.<br />
warvediT da moimowafeniT~, da urTavs: `da aha esera me Tquen<br />
Tana var yovelTa dReTa da vidre aRsasrula dmde soflisa~<br />
(mT. 28,18-20). `viTarca me momavlina mamaman, meca wargavlineb<br />
Tquen. da viTarca ese Tqua, Sehbera maT da hrqua: miiReT suli<br />
wmidaÁ. ukueTu vieTnime miutevneT codvani, mietevnen maT~ (in.
148 ierarqia ierarqia<br />
149<br />
20,21-23). e. i. es ufleba mociqulebs ca Ta da qveynis meufis mier<br />
aqvT miniWebuli. mowafeebisaTvis mi cemuli aRTqma _ Tquen Tana<br />
var aRsasruladmde soflisa _ Sinaarsis mixedviT ara mxo lod<br />
mociqulebs, aramed maT memkvidreebsac ekuTvniT. ami tom es<br />
ufleba, romelic aRTqmiTaa mo cemuli, yvela drois mowafeebze,<br />
anu rac igivea, saerTod eklesiis ierarqiaze vrceldeba. TviT<br />
gamocdilebac gviCvenebs, rom mociqulebma ara mxolod TavianTi<br />
memkvidreebi daadgin es, aramed maT imave wesis aRsrulebac<br />
ubrZanes. ase mag., suliwmidis moTxovniT eklesiis msaxurebisTvis<br />
barnaba da pa vle gamoarCies (saqm. 13,2); barnabam da pavlem<br />
sxvadasaxva qa laqSi xelni daasxes xucesebs (saqm. 14,23) da a.S.<br />
ufleba, romelic eklesiis ierarqias zecidan aqvs miniWebuli,<br />
samgvaria: swavleba, mRvdelmoqmedeba da marTva. swavlebis<br />
movaleoba TviT macxovarma daakisra mociqulebs (mrk. 16,15) da<br />
isini am saqmes mTavar movaleobad miiCneven: `ara sa Tno ars<br />
Cuenda datevebaÁ sityÂsa RmrTisaÁ da msaxurebaÁ tablebsa...<br />
Cuen locuasa da msaxurebasa amis sityÂsasa ganvekrZalneT~<br />
(saqm. 6,2-4. ix. aseve: 1 kor. 9,16).<br />
eklesiuri swavlebis mniSvnelobaze TviT misi warmomavlobac<br />
miuTiTebs; igi zeciuri WeSmaritebis SesanarCuneblad<br />
saRmrTo madliTaa daculi. mociquli pavle Tavisi swavlebis<br />
Sesaxeb ambobs: `aramed daRacaTu Cuen, gina Tu angelozi zeciT<br />
gaxarebdes Tquen gareSe missa, romeli-igi gaxare Tquen, Se Cuenebul<br />
iyavn~ (gal. 1,8). aqedan Cans, rom samociqulo swavlebis<br />
sawinaaRmdego qadageba Tavis daRupvas niSnavs. amave dr os,<br />
radganac mociqulebs TavianT memkvidreebTan SedarebiT madli<br />
gansakuTrebuli siuxviT mieniWaT, ris gamoc isini <strong>msoflio</strong><br />
da samaradiso maswavleblebs warmoadgenen, amitom maTi memkvidreebi<br />
axal swavlebas ki ar gadmogvcemen, aramed mxolod<br />
mociqulTa moZRvrebas ganmartaven.<br />
rac Seexeba mRvdelmoqmedebis sakiTxs, sarwmunoebis meufis<br />
mier mRvdelmsaxurebi qristianuli saidumloebebis aRsasru leblad<br />
arian dadgenilni, oRond, rogorc wm. werili gvaswavlis,<br />
saidumlos Zala mRvdelmsaxuris pirad Rirsebebze ar aris<br />
damokidebuli (1 tim. 4,14; 2 tim. 1,6); igi mxolod qri stes msaxurs<br />
warmoadgens (1 kor. 4,1); saidumlos ki TviT RmerTi aRasrulebs<br />
da ara mRvdelmsaxuri.<br />
bolos eklesiis marTvis sakiTxs SevexoT, romelsac ierar qia<br />
axorcielebs. <strong>saeklesio</strong> ierarqias sjulismdebloba da ek le siis<br />
wevrTa qcevis meTvalyureobis ufleba eniWeba. epi sko po sebi eklesiis<br />
ganmgeblobisaTvis arian dadgenilni (saqm. 20,28). macxovari<br />
mociqulebs eubneba: `raodeni SehkraT queya na sa zeda, krul iyos<br />
igi caTa Sina; da raodeni ganhxsnaT queya na sa zeda, xsnil iyos<br />
igi caTa Sina~ (mT. 18,18), rac imasac niS navs, rom mociqulebs axali<br />
wesebis dadgenac SeuZliaT da Zve l i s gauqmebac. amave dros isini<br />
ara mxolod TavianTi TaviT, ar amed sjulmdebeli RmrTis nebiT<br />
moqmedebdnen (saqm. 15, 28-29).<br />
sxvadasxva adgilze dafuZnebuli mebrZoli eklesia erTmaneTisagan<br />
ara mxolod wesebiT gansxvavdeba, aramed miwieri<br />
cxovrebis periodebzecaa damokidebuli, romelTac samoqalaqo<br />
cxovrebis cvlilebebi da kerZo pirebis mdgomareobani<br />
gansazRvraven, amitom keTilmoweseobis daurRvevlobisaTvis<br />
sju l debiTi uflebac ierarqebs eniWebaT. xolo rac Seexeba<br />
eklesiis wevrebze meTvalyureobis uflebas, igi maT im mizeziT<br />
miecaT, rom susti adamianebi, maTive dacvis mizniT, <strong>saeklesio</strong><br />
wesebis darRvevisagan ixsnan.<br />
<strong>saeklesio</strong> mTavrobas sazRauris migebis uflebac eniWeba;<br />
radgan keTilmoweseobis gansamtkiceblad nakleb gulmodgineTa<br />
SeqebiT gamxnevebaa saWiro, xolo uZlurTaTvis samagaliTod<br />
urCis sasjeliT damorCileba, Torem danaSaulis<br />
daus jeloba mTeli sazogadoebis daSlas gamoiwvevs. macxovarma<br />
mociqulebs Tavxedebis dasjis ufleba misca (mT. 18,17-<br />
18). mociquli pavle korinTelebs wers: `rameTu saWurveli<br />
Cuenisa mis mÃedrobisaÁ _ ara xorciel ars, aramed Zlier<br />
RmrTisa mier dasarRuevelad ZnelovanTa... da ganmzadebulad<br />
guaqus Suris-gebad yovlisa urCebisa~ (2 kor. 10,4-6), Semdeg:<br />
`raÁ gnebavs? kuerTxiTa movide Tquenda anu siyuaruliTa da<br />
suliTa mSÂdobisaÁTa?~ (1 kor. 4,24). sasyidlis migebis ufleba<br />
mociqulTa memkvidreebsac gadaeca. mociquli episkopos tites<br />
wers: `mwvalebelsa kacsa Semdgomad erTisa da orisa swavlisa<br />
ganeSore~ (tit. 3,10).<br />
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom yoveli episkoposis ufleba mxolod adgilobrivi<br />
eklesiis farglebSi vrceldeba, xolo qristes sayovelTao<br />
eklesiis umaRles mTavrobas mxolod kreba warmoadgens.
150 ierarqia sulis mdgomareoba saiqioSi<br />
151<br />
eklesiis Sesaxeb saubars davasrulebT wm. mamebis mier zeciu<br />
ri da miwieri eklesiis kavSirsa da wmindanebis meoxebaze<br />
dadgenili swavlebis gadmocemiT: wmindanebi CvenTvis Suamdgomloben<br />
da gvexmarebian, radgan axla ufro metad vuyvarvarT,<br />
vidre maSin, roca amqveynad cxovrobdnen. RmrTisTvis sayvareli<br />
RmrTis moyvareTa qristes eklesia xom rogorc miwaze, aseve<br />
zecaSic erTia da wmindanebi axla ufro axlos arian RmerTTan,<br />
vidre manamde iyvnen, sanam sasufevels da imkvi d rebdnen.<br />
gardacvlili adamianis sulis mdgomareoba<br />
ukanasknel samsjavromde<br />
sikvdilis raobisaTvis mokled SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom es<br />
aris sulis ganSoreba xorcTan. igi yvela adamianis saerTo<br />
xvedria, romelic Cveni bunebis codviT dazianebam gamoiwvia.<br />
adamianis sikvdili RmrTis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis<br />
Sedegia im gagebiT, rom netarebis mosapovebeli samoRvaweo<br />
dro misi sikvdiliT sruldeba. mociquli ambobs: `Ruawli<br />
keTili momiRuawebies, srbaÁ aRmisrulebies, sarwmunoebaÁ<br />
damimarxavs. amieriTgan mimelis me simarTlisa igi gÂrgÂni~<br />
(2 tim. 4,7-8). sikvdili adamianis ara sulier, aramed xo r ciel<br />
cxovrebas wyvets. suli damoukidebeli arsebaa, ro melic arsebobis<br />
saidumlos Tavisive TavSi atarebs. igi ni v Tier bu nebasa<br />
da mis Zalebze aRmatebulia da maSin, ro ca mis irgvl iv yovelive<br />
icvleba, TviTon ucvleli, erTi da igive rCeba.<br />
RmrTis sityva Zv. aRTqmaSi sulis ukvdavebis magaliTebs<br />
met-naklebi sicxadiT gviCvenebs: xan enuqisa da elias zecad<br />
amaRlebiT, xan kidev imiT, rom RmerTi Tavis Tavs abraamis sasyidels<br />
(Sesq. 15,1) an gardacvlilTa _ abraamis, isaakis da iakobis<br />
RmerTs uwodebs (gams. 3,6), rac mis simarTlesa da didebulebasTan<br />
Seusabamo iqneboda, igi rom araraobis RmerTad migveCnia (Sesq.<br />
25,8; 49,32); aseve imiTac, rom droebiT cxovrebas mwiroba ewodeba<br />
(1 neSt. 29,15). roca iakobi darwmunda, rom iosebi mxecs SeWmuli<br />
hyavda, Tqva: `STavide Zisa Cemisa Tana gloviT jojoxeTad~<br />
(Sesq. 37,35). wm. mgalobelis sityviT: `moaklda gulsa Cemsa da<br />
xorcTa CemTa; RmerTi gulisa Cemisa da nawil Cemda ars RmerTi<br />
ukunisamde~ (fs. 72,26). aq marTlis mier RmerTTan maradiuli Ta-<br />
naarsebobis imedia gamoxatuli. eklesiaste ambobs: `miiqceodes<br />
mtveri miwad, rogorc iyo da suli daubrundes RmerTs, romelmac<br />
STabera~ (12,7). es aris Zv. aRTqmis yvelaze naTeli da mtkice<br />
mowmoba sulis imqveyniuri arsebobis Sesaxeb.<br />
mTeli axali aRTqma sulis ukvdavebis swavlebiTaa ganmsWvaluli.<br />
qristianoba im azrzea dafuZnebuli, rom Cveni RmerTi<br />
sicocxlis RmerTia. macxovari codvasTan brZolaSi simtkices<br />
imis rwmeniT gvmatebs, rom xorcis warmwymedels sulis mokvla<br />
ar SeuZlia (mT. 10, 28). mdidrisa da lazares igaviT ki gviCvenebs,<br />
rom gardacvalebis Semdeg marTali lazares suli netarebas<br />
ganicdis, xolo mdidris suli cocxalia, magram tanjviT damZimebuli<br />
(lk. 16,19-31). macxovari Tavganwirvis safasurad maradiul<br />
netarebas gvpirdeba: `romelsa sZuldes suli TÂsi amas sofelsa,<br />
cxorebad saukunod daimarxos igi~ (in. 12,25). Cveni meufis mier<br />
sikvdilze mopovebuli gamarjveba yvela morwmunis gamarjvebaa.<br />
igi ambobs: `me cxovel var da Tquenca cxovel iyvneT~ (in. 14,19).<br />
aseve ix. 1 pet. 1,3-5; ebr. 9,12.<br />
rac ar unda ueWveli iyos sulis imqveyniuri arseboba, CvenTvis<br />
ukanasknel samsjavromde misi mdgomareobis gansazRvra<br />
mainc nawilobrivaa SesaZlebeli. RmerTma amis Sesaxeb sruli<br />
cnobis mocema ar keTilineba. Cven mkiTxaobisa da kacobrivi<br />
gonebiT Ziebis gareSe im mcirediTac unda davkmayofildeT,<br />
romelic RmrTis mier mogveca.<br />
upirveles yovlisa, ueWvelia is, rom RmrTis simarTle marTal<br />
da codvil sulebs imqveynad erTsa da imave xvedrs ar<br />
miagebs. wm. werilis mixedviT ukanasknel samsjavromde wmindanebis<br />
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb viciT, rom a) isini gardacvalebis<br />
Semdeg miwier cxovrebaSi mopovebuli RvawlisaTvis damsaxurebisda<br />
mixedviT netarebiT jildovdebian (in. 14, 3; lk. 16, 22;<br />
1 kor. 3, 8); b) marTalTa sulebi ganisveneben (ebr. 4, 3.11; lk. 23,<br />
43), anu mwuxarebas da tanjvas ar ganicdian (gamc. 7, 16-17); isini<br />
sxva wmindanebTan da angelozebTan urTierTobiT arian dakavebulni<br />
(mT. 8, 11; lk. 16, 22), an kravis saydarTan dganan da masa<br />
da RmerTs qeba-didebiT emsaxurebian (gamc. 5, 11; 7, 9-10), xolo<br />
rCeulebi qristesTan erTad Tanasufeven (gamc. 20, 4; in. 14, 3).<br />
wm. werilis swavlebiT saSinel samsjavromde codvili sulebis<br />
imqveyniuri mdgomareoba aseTia: a) maTi mdgomareoba
152 sulis mdgomareoba saiqioSi antiqristes Sesaxeb<br />
153<br />
codvebis sxvadasxvaobis gamo erTnairi ar aris (mT. 5,22); b)<br />
mounaniebeli sulebi satanjvels eZlevian (lk. 12,4-5; in. 8,21-<br />
32), Tumca maTi es mdgomareoba saboloo ar aris (gamc. 20,13-14;<br />
2 kor. 5,10); g) codvilTa sulebi, romlebmac sinanulis Rirsi<br />
nayofi ver gamoiRes, magram gardacvalebamde sarwmunoebisa da<br />
RmrTismosaobis marcvali gaaCndaT, mounaniebeli codvilebis<br />
msgavsad ar itanjebian da eklesiis meoxebiT daxmarebis miRebis<br />
SesaZlebloba aqvT (1 in. 5,16); d) isini RmrTis pirs ver Wvreten<br />
(mT. 7,21; 8,12), radgan sulTa sapyrobilesa (1 pet. 3,19) an<br />
jojoxeTSi (lk. 16,23) imyofebian, magram cnoben da grZnoben<br />
im netarebis dakargvas, romliTac wmindanebi tkbebian (lk.<br />
16,24-25); TavianTi codvebisaTvis sin disis qenjnas ganicdian<br />
da mdgomareobis Semsubuqebas amaod cdiloben (lk. 16, 25-26).<br />
mociquli ioane gvaswavlis: `ukueTu vinme ixilos ZmaÁ TÂsi,<br />
romeli codvides codvasa ara sasikudinesa, iTxovos da mosces<br />
mas cxovrebaÁ, romelni-igi codviden ara sasikudined; ars<br />
codvaÁ sasikudine, ara misTÂs vityÂ, raÁTa iTxoos~ (1 in. 5,16).<br />
iudevelTa gasagonad macxovari ambobs, rom arsebobs codva,<br />
romelic arc ama da arc mermindel saukuneSi ar SeendobaT<br />
(mrk. 3, 29). am ori Segonebis Sedarebidan Cans, rom aris codva<br />
sasikvdine 36 (romlisTvisac locvac uSedegoa, radgan arc aq da<br />
arc mermindel cxovrebaSi ar mieteveba) da aris codva arasasikvdine,<br />
romlisTvisac locvam keTili nayofi SeiZleba gamoiRos,<br />
sxvagvarad, romelic mermindel cxovrebaSi mieteveba.<br />
amrigad, RmrTis sityvis SegonebiT Cven unda gvwamdes, rom<br />
codvilebs, romelTac am cxovrebaSi ufali ieso qristes<br />
macxovnebeli rwmenis marcvali gaaCndaT, xvedris Semsubuqebis<br />
imedi warTmeuli ara aqvT. maTi mdgomareobis gaumjo bese b i s-<br />
T vis zrunva ki mxolod imaT SeuZliaT, romelnic macxovnebeli<br />
madlis miRebis saSualebebs floben.<br />
net. avgustine wers: `ar unda uarvyoT is, rom gardacvlilTa<br />
sulebs cocxali naTesavebis keTilmsaxurebiT mdgomareoba<br />
maSin umsubuqdebaT, roca maTTvis Suamdgomelis msxverpli<br />
Seiwireba, anda roca maTi sargeblobisaTvis eklesiaSi mowyalebas<br />
arigeben; magram RmrTismosaobis am saqmes sargebloba<br />
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi moaqvs, Tu maT TviTon daimsaxures, rom<br />
36 wmida mamaTa ganmartebiT, sasikvdine _ es igive mounaniebeli codvebia.<br />
es sasargeblo yofiliyo... visTvisac locvebi sasargebloa,<br />
SeiZleba codvebisgan sruliad ganiwmindos, an imdenad daexmaros,<br />
rom sasjeli asatani gaxdes~. eklesiis sxva maswav leb lebic<br />
zogierTi sulis imqveyniuri mdgomareobisa da imis Sesaxeb,<br />
Tu ramdenad SeiZleba maTi mdgomareoba amqveyniurma eklesiam<br />
Secvalos, zustad aseve msjelobdnen. wm. ioane oqropiri<br />
ambobs: mociqulebma saSinel saidumloebebSi gardacvlilTa<br />
moxsenieba ubralod rodi daadgines, maT icodnen, Tu ramdenad<br />
didi sargeblobis momtani iyo igi sulebisaTvis.<br />
swavleba antiqristes Sesaxeb<br />
wm. werilis mowmobiT, qristes meufebis ukanaskneli Jami<br />
yvelaze mZime da salmobieri iqneba (gamc. 20,7-8). mociquli garkveviT<br />
ambobs, rom sibnelis Tavadis brZola qristes meufebis<br />
winaaRmdeg antiqristes xeliT ganxorcieldeba. ai, ras wers<br />
mociquli pavle antiqristes Sesaxeb: `rameTu, ukueTu ara movides<br />
gandgomilebaÁ igi pirvelad, da gamoCndes kaci igi usjuloebisaÁ,<br />
Svili igi warsawymedelisaÁ, mÃdomi igi da ganlaRebuli<br />
yovelTa zeda, romelni saxel-debul arian RmrTad gina<br />
samsaxurebelad, viTarmed da-ca-jdes igi taZarsa mas RmrTisasa<br />
da gamoaCinebdes Tavsa TÂssa, viTarca RmerTi... saidumloÁ igi<br />
awve iqmnebis usjuloebisaÁ... da maSin gamoCndes usjuloÁ igi...<br />
romlisa-igi moslvaÁ ars SewevniTa eSmakisaÁTa~ (2 Tes. 2,3-9).<br />
aqedan Cans, rom antiqriste pirovneba, adamiani iqneba. gansxvaveba<br />
antiqristes, rogorc gansakuTrebul da namdvil pirsa<br />
da mis winamorbed cru maswavleblebs Soris naTlad gamoxata<br />
ioane maxarebelma: `gasmies, viTarmed antiqriste movals da awca<br />
antiqristeni mravalni arian~ (1 in. 2,18). igi gviCvenebs, rom antiqriste<br />
unda ewodebodes yvelas, romelic qristes sarwmunoebas<br />
sworad ar aRiarebs (isini ioa ne mociqulis drosac mravlad<br />
iyvnen). miuxedavad amisa, sakuTriv antiqriste jer kidev ar<br />
gamoCenila (1 in. 4,3; 2 in. 1,7).<br />
antiqriste yovelive qristianuls dagmobs, ufal ieso qri s tes<br />
uaryofs da qristianebs Soris Tavis Tavs RmerTad warmoaCens.<br />
mxeci antiqriste eSmakis (gvelis) sruli gavleniT imo qmedebs.<br />
eSmaki mTel Tavis Zalas, rac ki mas am sofelsa da uke Tur adamianebze<br />
gaaCnia, antiqristes gadascems. igi sxvadasxva Cvenebasa
154 155<br />
da saswauls Caidens, magram es mxolod sicruis saqme iqneba da<br />
ara WeSmariti saswauli. antiqristes Tavisi wina swarmetyvelic<br />
eyoleba, romelic mis sicrues mTeli TavgamodebiT gaavrcelebs<br />
(gamc. 19,20; 20,10); igi xalxs acdunebs, rom TayvaniscemisaTvis<br />
mxecis xati gaakeTon, xolo vinc mxecis xats Tayvans ar scems,<br />
sikvdiliT daisjeba. sicrue marTlac didad mimzidveli aRmoCndeba<br />
da gansakuTrebuli gulisxmisyofa da su lieri simtkice<br />
iqneba saWiro, rom adamiani macduris msxverpli ar Seiqnes<br />
(gamc. 13-15). RmrTis daSvebiT, antiqristes mraval tomsa da<br />
erze miecema xelmwifeba, romelTa Soris ebraelebi pirvelebi<br />
iqnebian. despotizmis Zaladoba imdenad gavrceldeba, rom vinc<br />
antiqristes morCilebis beWeds ar miiRebs, verc verafers iyidis<br />
da verc gayidis, erTi sityviT aranairi moqalaqeobrivi<br />
ufleba ar eqneba. 37 antiqristes Sesaxeb meored mosvla<br />
ieso qristes meored mosvla<br />
wm. werilSi zedmiwevniT naTladaa gadmocemuli is WeSmariteba,<br />
rom Ze RmrTisa _ ieso qriste isev mova am qveyanaze, magram uk ve<br />
ara Ze kacis simdabliT, aramed mamis didebiT; rogorc WeSmariti<br />
Ze RmrTisa, ise gacxaddeba. yvela ero vnebisa da sarwmunoebis<br />
xalxi, ixilavs ra jvriT aRWurvilsa da didebiT mosil macxovars,<br />
jvris macxovnebel ZalaSi darwmundeba da radgan aqamde<br />
mis mimarT rwmena ar hqonda, mware glovas miecema (mT. 24,30).<br />
meored mosvlis JamisaTvis macxovari ambobs: `xolo dRisa<br />
misTÂs da Jamisa aravin icis, arca angelozTa cisaTa, garna mamaman<br />
mxoloman~ (mT. 24,36). Tuki angelozebis maRali gonisTvisac<br />
qristes mtkice aRmsarebelni, romelnic<br />
antiqristes uSiSrad uaryofen, yovelgvari dandobis gareSe<br />
sikvdils miecemian (mux. 15-17).<br />
mociqulis sityviT antiqristes damRupveli moqmedeba sa kuTriv<br />
imaTze vrceldeba, romelTac `siyuaruli igi WeSmaritebisaÁ ara<br />
Seiwynares, raÁTamca cxondes igini, amisTÂs mouv linos maT Rmer-<br />
Tman Semwe sacTurebisaÁ, raÁTa hrwmenes maT ty u vilisaÁ~ (2 Tes.<br />
2,10-11). maSasadame, am adamianebis warwymeda maTive moqmedebiTa<br />
da RmrTis samsjavroTi iqneba ganpirobebuli.<br />
RmrTis saidumloTa mcnobi mociquli erT xilvas ase aRgviwers:<br />
antiqristes xelmwifebis mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi We-<br />
Smaritebis saqadageblad ori winaswarmetyveli moivlineba (wm.<br />
mamebis swavlebiT _ ilia da enuqi), romlebic did sa swaulebs<br />
aRasruleben; Semdeg mxeci maT moklavs, magram wamebulebi<br />
mesame dRes aRdgebian da zecad amaRldebian (gamc. 11,3-12). sxva<br />
xilvaSi naCvenebia, rom mxecis uarmyofelTa dasacavad angelozebi<br />
moivlinebian da usjuloebas RmrTis risxvas daatexen<br />
(gamc. 15,1). antiqristes xelmwifeba 42 Tve (gamc. 11,2; 13,5) anu 1260<br />
dRe (11,3; 12,6), e. i. samweliwadnaxevari gagrZeldeba.<br />
ki miuwvdomelia meored mosvlis Jamis codna, maSin miT umetes<br />
ad amianisTvis igi SeuZlebeli iqneba. petre mociquli wers, rom macxovris<br />
meored mosvla uecrad, moulodnelad moxdeba (2 pet. 3,10).<br />
Cveni gadarCenisTvis mzrunveli wm. werili sulmokleobisagan<br />
Cvens dasacavad da samsjavrosaTvis mosamzadeblad qristes mosvlis<br />
zogierT niSans gviCvenebs: a) saxarebis qadagebis garegnuli<br />
gavrceleba (mT. 24,14); b) rwmenisa da siyvarulis mokleba (mT. 24,12;<br />
lk. 18,8); da g) antiqristes gamoCena (2 Tes. 2,1-3).<br />
pirveli saqme, romelsac macxovari didebiT mosvlis dros<br />
me yseulad aRasrulebs, is iqneba, rom `mkudarni igi qristes<br />
mi erni aRdgen pirvelad~ (1 Tes. 4,16), anu darRveuli sxeuli<br />
gacocxldeba da isev im suls SeuerTdeba, romelTanac miwieri<br />
cxovrebis dros iyo dakavSirebuli. RmrTis cxovelmyofeli<br />
moqmedeba yvela mkvdarze gavrceldeba, magram ara erTnairi<br />
SedegiT. RmrTis moqmedeba cocxlebsac SeexebaT, romelic maTi<br />
sxeulebis cvlilebiT aRsruldeba. mociqulis swavlebiT (1<br />
kor. 15,41-54) aRmdgari sxeuli _ a) uxrwneli anu yovelgvari<br />
rRvevisagan Tavisufali iqneba, da maS., uxeSi nawilebisagan<br />
ar iqneba Semdgari; b) igi sulieri iqneba da ara mSvinvieri.<br />
radganac samSvinveli sulisagan gansxvavebiT cxovelur sicocxles<br />
gu lis xmobs, amitom sulieri sxeuli mSvinvierisagan gan-<br />
37antiqristes beWdis miReba adamianis mier misi morCilebis Segnebul<br />
aRiarebas niSnavs. amitom aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli aTasgvari<br />
maqinaciebi maT gamomgonebelTa fantazias advilad aaSkaraveben, radgan<br />
maT mier aRwerili niSnebi TviT adamianis nebis monawileobas sruliad<br />
gamoricxaven (magaliTad, kanqveS raRac mikroeleqtronuli firfitebis<br />
saidumlod Seyvana da misT.).<br />
sxvavebiT iseT sxeuls niSnavs, romelic cxovelur moTxovnebs<br />
ar daemorCileba. iseve rogorc macxovars aRmdgari sxeuliT<br />
daxSul karebSi SeeZlo Sesvla (in. 20,19-26), aseve sulieri sxeulic<br />
msubuqi da advilmoZravi iqneba: `aRvitacneT RrubliTa~<br />
(1 Tes. 4,17); g) aRmdgari sxeulis gandidebis xarisxi sulieri
156 ieso qristes meored mosvla<br />
157<br />
cxovrebis Sesabamisi iqneba. uwminduris sxeuli ar gandiddeba<br />
da sulsac ver gaaxarebs. igi, rogorc aRmdgari sxeuli,<br />
ux rwnelic iqneba, Zlieric da su lieric, magram vnebebis moqmedebis<br />
gamo yovelive es suls mxo lod tanjvas moutans.<br />
adamianis aseT cvlilebas nivTieri samyaros Secvlac mohyveba.<br />
mociquli petre axlandel stiqiaTa darRvevaze laparakobs da<br />
ara nivTieri samyaros ganadgurebaze (2 pet. 3,10-13). mis sityvebSi<br />
is iaraRic naCvenebia, romliTac <strong>msoflio</strong>s msajuli nivTieri<br />
samyaros cvlilebas aRasrulebs. es iaraRi cecxlia.<br />
amrigad, darRveuli qveynierebisagan ganaxlebuli da uke-<br />
Tesi samyaro warmoiSoba.<br />
mamazecieris gangebiT qveynierebis msajuli Ze RmrTisa iqneba<br />
(saqm. 10,42), romelsac angelozebi moemsaxurebian. yvela<br />
adamianuri saqme, azri, ganzraxva da survili, agreTve yovelive<br />
is, rac aqamde SebRaluli sindisis mier Segnebulad iyo<br />
dafaruli, ganisjeba. ukanaskneli samsjavro mtkice simarTliT<br />
aResruleba, radganac msajuli TviT yovlismcodne da<br />
simarTlismoyvare RmerTi iqneba, romelic pirmoTneobas ar<br />
da uSvebs. sasamarTlo gadamwyveti iqneba, romlis ganaCeni<br />
ar asodes ar Seicvleba (mT. 25,46). yvelas Sekrebis Semdeg<br />
ke Tilni da borotni gancalkevdebian, pirvelebi msajulis<br />
marjvniv, xolo meoreni _ marcxena mxares dadgindebian (mux.<br />
32-33). amis Semdeg ki msajuli ganaCens warmoTqvams: `movediT,<br />
kurTxeulno mamisa Cemisano, da daimkÂdreT ganmzadebuli TquenTÂs<br />
sasufeveli... maSin hrquas marcxeniTTa maTca: warvediT<br />
Cemgan, wyeulno, cecxlsa mas saukunesa~ (mux. 34.41). sasamarTlo<br />
rogorc sulis, aseve xorcis saqmeTaTvis gansjis. amave dros<br />
wm. werili arsad ar ambobs, rom ukanasknel samsjavroze vinmes<br />
sakuTari xvedris Secvlis saSualeba eqneba.<br />
marTalTa netarebis saxe ase warmogvidgeba: isini Sromisa<br />
da zrunvis, avadmyofobisa da xrwnadobisgan ganTavisufldebi an.<br />
sjulisa da adamianis gonebis winaaRmdegobas suliersa da wmi nda<br />
sxeulSi adgili ar eqneba (rom. 7,23-24; 1 kor. 15,43); si yvarulis<br />
saqme gagrZeldeba; isini sagnebs pirispir ganWvreten, maT mravali<br />
iseTi ram gaexsnebaT, rac amqveynad sru l i ad ar icodnen (1<br />
kor. 13,12); maTTvis axali ca da axali qveya na ig ive aRmoCndeba,<br />
rac ucodveli adamianisTvis samoTxe iyo (gamc. 21,1.23); wmindanebi<br />
Seqmnil bunebaze uflebiT iseve isargeb leben, rogorc ucodveli<br />
adamiani sargeblobda, radgan qri stes madliT adamianis aRdgena<br />
Tavisive uflebebiTa da upi ratesobiT ucodvel adamianad aRdgomas<br />
niSnavs (gamc. 22,1-5).<br />
didebul marTalTa da wminda angelozTa mTeli krebuli<br />
erTmaneTTan siyvarulis sakrvelebiT arian SeerTebulni da<br />
maTi es urTierToba mSvidobisa da sixarulis wyaros wa rmoadgens.<br />
marTalia, wmindanebi eniT gamouTqmel netarebas<br />
ganicdian (1 pet. 1,8), magram maTi mdgomareoba zneobrivi srulyofis<br />
xarisxis mixedviT gansxvavebulia, Tumca rogorc net.<br />
avgustine ambobs, netarebaTa Soris gansxvaveba arc erT wmindanSi<br />
Surs ar aRZravs, radgan aravin ar moisurvebs imas, rac<br />
RmerTma ar misca.<br />
vamTavrebT ra RmrTis wyalobiT rwmenis safuZvlebis<br />
gadmocemas, mas, vis sadidebladac es mciredi Sroma aResrula,<br />
madlobas vwiravT da vevedrebiT:<br />
`samebao miuwvdomelo, momec monaTa SenTa marTali aRsaarebaÁ,<br />
raÁTa gqadagoT RmerTi sruli samguamovnad TviTebiTa<br />
Seurevnelad, bunebiT ganuyofelad, erTarsebiT didebulad, da<br />
erTobiT vityviT yovelni: yovelni saqmeni uflisani akurTxevdiT<br />
RmerTsa Cuensa ukunisamde~. amin.
158 sarCevi<br />
159<br />
RmrTeebriv pirTa erTarsoba .................................................................115<br />
winaTqma .........................................................................................................................3<br />
RmerTi _ samyaros Semoqmedi ..................................................................116<br />
<strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong><br />
RmerTi _ Semoqmedi da<br />
pirveli <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba ....................................................6<br />
ganmgebeli angelozebisa ...............................................................................118<br />
meore <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba ..........................................................12<br />
swavleba boroti angelozebis Sesaxeb ............................................121<br />
mesame <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba ..........................................................16<br />
swavleba adamianis Sesaxeb ..........................................................................126<br />
meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win ...........................................21<br />
adamianis Seqmna ......................................................................................................126<br />
meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba .......................................................27<br />
RmrTis xateba da msgavseba adamianSi ...............................................127<br />
dogmati Cveni ufali ieso qristes erTi piris<br />
adamianis dacema .....................................................................................................128<br />
ori bunebis Sesaxeb ............................................................................................30<br />
RmrTis ganzraxva adamianis<br />
mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win<br />
gadarCenisaTvis .....................................................................................................131<br />
a)ÿmokle cnobebi meoTxe <strong>msoflio</strong> krebis Semdeg<br />
swavleba ieso qristes Sesaxeb .................................................................134<br />
monofizitobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb ............................................35<br />
RmerTi _ ganwmendeli adamianisa .........................................................140<br />
b) dava sami Tavis Sesaxeb .............................................................................37<br />
eklesia ...........................................................................................................................143<br />
mexuTe <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba ........................................................41<br />
qristes WeSmariti eklesiis Tvisebebi .............................................145<br />
meeqvse <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win ...........................................46<br />
ierarqia ........................................................................................................................147<br />
meeqvse <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba .......................................................51<br />
gardacvlili adamianis sulis mdgomareoba<br />
meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> krebis win ..........................................58<br />
ukanasknel samsjavromde..............................................................................150<br />
xatTmbrZolobis batonoba ..........................................................................71<br />
swavleba antiqristes Sesaxeb ...................................................................153<br />
meSvide <strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> kreba ......................................................78<br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong> <strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong><br />
Sesavali ........................................................................................................................88<br />
RmrTis Semecneba ...................................................................................................91<br />
RmrTis arsis Tvisebebi ..................................................................................94<br />
RmerTi sampirovania _ mama da Ze da suli wmida<br />
miTiTebani wmida samebis saidumloze<br />
Zvel aRTqmaSi ..........................................................................................................103<br />
saxarebis swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb .....................................105<br />
swavleba wmida samebis Sesaxeb<br />
mociqulTa epistoleebSi ..............................................................................105<br />
mama RmerTi ................................................................................................................107<br />
Ze RmerTi .....................................................................................................................107<br />
suliwmida RmerTi ...............................................................................................109<br />
suliwmidis sakuTari Tviseba ...................................................................110<br />
Ze RmerTisa da mama RmerTis<br />
sakuTari Tvisebani .............................................................................................113<br />
ieso qristes meored mosvla ....................................................................155<br />
sarCevi ..........................................................................................................................158
<strong>msoflio</strong> <strong>saeklesio</strong> <strong>krebebi</strong><br />
<strong>dogmaturi</strong> <strong>RmrTismetyveleba</strong><br />
mesame gamocema<br />
Semdgeneli gr. ruxaZe<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamomcemloba, 2008<br />
Tbilisi, erekle II moed. #1<br />
98-26-34, 8(99)-19-68-23<br />
el. fosta: madli.ssg@rambler.ru<br />
b“åëå…“*,å “%K%!/<br />
d%ãì=2,÷å“*%å K%ã%“ë%",å<br />
(…= ã!3ƒ,…“*%ì ƒ/*å)<br />
q%“2. c!,ã%!,L m,*%ë=å",÷ p3.=äƒå<br />
hƒä=2åëü“2"%<br />
c!3ƒ,…“*%L o=2!,=!.,,<br />
ŠK,ë,“,, 2008<br />
xelmowerilia dasabeWdad 07.03.2008. tir. 500.<br />
daibeWda gamomcemloba `logosis~ stambaSi<br />
Tbilisi, ilia WavWavaZis gamziri # 13