Rifiuti da centrali termoelettriche - ARPAL

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PHARE TWINNING PROJECT RO2004/IB/EN-07 GUIDELINES ON INDUSTRIAL - THERMOELECTRIC PLANTS XX The amount of CCPs produced in the EU-15 power plants totals 55 million tonnes. The follow Figure shows the shares of the different CCPs produced in 1999. Almost 70 % of the total CCPs are yielded as fly ash. All combustion residues add up to 85.1 % and FGD residues up to 13.9 % by mass. Most of the CCPs produced were used in the building industry, in civil engineering, and as construction materials in underground mining (55.3 %) or for the restoration of open cast mines, quarries and pits (33.2 %). In 1999, only 2.2 % were temporarily stockpiled for future use and 9.3 % were disposed of (Figure 4.47). CCP utilisation varies between Member States, since climate, taxes and the legal situations also vary. In some EU-15 countries the utilisation rate for CCPs is nearly 100 %, whereas in other countries the utilisation rate will not exceed 10 % due to existing unfavourable conditions, such as heavy metal content, loss of ignition, free and total Ca content, Cl, etc. The utilisation of desulphurisation products also varies within the EU. In some countries, spray dry absorption (SDA) products are utilised in the construction industry and as fertiliser, in other countries it is disposed of. The FGD gypsum is utilised for the production of plasterboards and self-levelling floor 84
PHARE TWINNING PROJECT RO2004/IB/EN-07 GUIDELINES ON INDUSTRIAL - THERMOELECTRIC PLANTS XX screeds, as well as a retarder for cement. The observed development in utilisation rates is caused by a general acceptance of the materials as products. This improvement has been achieved by research activities, practical experience and by marketing efforts. The rates for utilisation and disposal of different CCPs in 1999 are shown in Figure. In 1999, as much as 45 to 48 % of the combustion residues were utilised in the construction industry and in underground mining, 37 to 41 % in the restoration of open cast mines, quarries and pits, up to 2 % were stockpiled, and between 10 and 15 % were disposed of. Nearly 86 % of both SDA product and FGD gypsum were utilised in the construction industry and in underground mining. For the restoration of open cast mines, quarries and pits 11 % of the SDA product and nearly 6 % of FGD gypsum were used, and nearly 6 % of the FGD gypsum is stored in temporary stockpiles for future use. Only very small amounts of the CCPs had to be disposed of [90, ECOBA v. Berg, 1999]. 85
Page 1 and 2:
PHARE TWINNING PROJECT RO2004/IB/EN
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36: PHARE TWINNING PROJECT RO2004/IB/EN
Page 85: PHARE TWINNING PROJECT RO2004/IB/EN
show all

Rifiuti da centrali termoelettriche - ARPAL

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?