Rifiuti da centrali termoelettriche - ARPAL

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PHARE TWINNING PROJECT RO2004/IB/EN-07 GUIDELINES ON INDUSTRIAL - THERMOELECTRIC PLANTS XX Combustion residues (from oil combustible) Tabella 9.1: esempi di analisi di ceneri pesanti provenienti da due impianti a combustibile liquido. Tabella 9.2: esempi di analisi di ceneri leggere provenienti da quattro impianti di combustione a combustibile liquido. 90
PHARE TWINNING PROJECT RO2004/IB/EN-07 GUIDELINES ON INDUSTRIAL - THERMOELECTRIC PLANTS XX The ash resulting from fuel-oil combustion presents, in particular when HFO is fired, a high content of unburned carbon. This ash can, therefore, be incinerated (in industrial kilns) or can be re-injected into the combustion chamber of a boiler with FGD and SCR systems. The end-product of the wet scrubbing technique is gypsum, which is potentially a commercial product for the plant. It can be sold and used instead of natural gypsum. Practically most of the gypsum produced in power plants is utilised in the plasterboard industry. The purity of gypsum limits the amount of limestone that can be fed in the process. The end-product of semi-dry desulphurisation processes is used in different construction purposes instead of natural minerals, such as in road construction, for earthworks of composting and storage fields, for the filling of mine pits, and for excavation dams in watertight construction Handling of combustion residues and by-products (from co- combustion of secondary fuel) The handling of combustion residues and by-products, as applied with the co- combustion of secondary fuel, does not differ from those techniques for handling combustion residues and byproducts cleaning from gaseous, liquid or solid fuel fired LCPs. Fly ashes and bottom ashes are generated during the combustion processes. Power plants are not equipped with systems dedicated to the reduction of heavy metals and Hg (such as acid wet scrubbers and activated carbon systems). Therefore emissions of these pollutants into air will increase (depending on the input) and also their concentration in the fly ash, in the gypsum or in other solid residues from FGD. If the gypsum is washed, emissions into water will also increase. As the utilisation or disposal of solid residues from combustion is an important economic factor, operators of power plants carefully control the quality of them not to lose established utilisation pathways (mostly by limiting the input of waste into the firing system). Important parameters are the content of alkalis, sulphates, chlorides, silicates, unburned carbon and heavy metals (depending on the specific situation). If solid waste from co-combustion has to be landfilled, concentration of, e.g. heavy metals and leaching behaviour have to measured. Effects of co-combustion on quality of combustion residues and byproducts Basically, the starting point for co-combustion is to prevent a decrease of the quality of combustion residues and by-products. This has to be achieved by pretreatment of the secondary fuel or by limiting the 91
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Rifiuti da centrali termoelettriche - ARPAL

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