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of the madeira and selvagens archipelagos - redmic

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S<br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Fabaceae<br />

Crassulaceae<br />

Figura 2. Número de taxa (S) de plantas vasculares endémicas dos arquipélagos da Madeira e das Selvagens por famílias.<br />

Figure 2. Number <strong>of</strong> endemic vascular plant taxa (S) by family in <strong>the</strong> Madeira <strong>and</strong> Selvagens <strong>archipelagos</strong>.<br />

No que concerne aos endemismos partilhados com<br />

outros arquipélagos da Macaronésia (endemismos da Macaronésia),<br />

ocorrem 74 taxa distribuídos por 44 famílias (a<br />

20% das famílias apenas correspondem 42% dos taxa)<br />

e 66 géneros, sendo os géneros com maior diversidade:<br />

Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae), com 3 taxa; Lotus L. (Fabaceae),<br />

Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae), Rumex L. (Polygonaceae),<br />

Lolium L. (Poaceae), Rubus L. (Rosaceae) e Huperzia<br />

Bernh. (Lycopodiaceae), com 2 taxa. A análise da distribuição<br />

geográfica destes endemismos permite concluir que<br />

os arquipélagos da Madeira e Selvagens partilham, com as<br />

Canárias, 65 taxa, com os Açores, 16, e, com Cabo Verde,<br />

apenas 9 taxa. Estes números parecem comprovar a inexistência<br />

da Macaronésia como região biogeográfica, reforç<strong>and</strong>o<br />

a classificação biogeográfica proposta por Rivas-<br />

-Martínez et al. (1993 e referências incluídas).<br />

Os taxa nativos e nativos prováveis constituem o maior<br />

grupo de plantas vasculares dos arquipélagos da Madeira<br />

e Selvagens (respectivamente 480 e 66 taxa). Distribuem -se<br />

por 78 famílias, sendo que a 20% das famílias (16), correspondem<br />

385 taxa, i.e., 71% do total. As 3 famílias com<br />

maior número de taxa são: Poaceae (73), Fabaceae (67) e<br />

Asteraceae (49). Dos 283 géneros de taxa nativos e nativos<br />

prováveis, os mais diversos são: Trifolium L. (21 taxa, Fabaceae),<br />

Juncus L. (13 taxa, Juncaceae) e Vicia L. (9 taxa,<br />

Fabaceae).<br />

No que respeita às plantas vasculares introduzidas (e<br />

naturalizadas como antes se referiu) as famílias com maior<br />

número de taxa são as Poaceae, Asteraceae e Fabaceae<br />

(Fig. 3). No total ocorrem 430 taxa a que correspondem 401<br />

taxa introduzidos e 29 introduzidos prováveis. Os taxa in-<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Aspidiaceae<br />

Liliaceae<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Ericaceae<br />

165<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Famílias (families)<br />

Orchidaceae<br />

Saxifragaceae<br />

Aspleniaceae<br />

Boraginaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

The Macaronesian endemics, 74 taxa, belong to 66 genera<br />

in 44 families (20% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> families representing 42% <strong>of</strong><br />

total taxa). Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae) is <strong>the</strong> most diverse<br />

genus with 3 taxa, Lotus L. (Fabaceae), Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae),<br />

Rumex L. (Polygonaceae), Lolium L. (Poaceae),<br />

Rubus L. (Rosaceae) <strong>and</strong> Huperzia Bernh. (Lycopodiaceae)<br />

present 2 Macaronesian endemic taxa each. The analysis<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spatial distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se endemics shows that <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>archipelagos</strong> <strong>of</strong> Madeira <strong>and</strong> Selvagens share 65 taxa with<br />

<strong>the</strong> Canary Isl<strong>and</strong>s, 16 taxa with <strong>the</strong> Azores <strong>and</strong> only 9 taxa<br />

with Cape Verde. These numbers seem to substantiate <strong>the</strong><br />

idea that Macaronesia should not be considered as a single<br />

biogeographical region, reinforcing <strong>the</strong> biogeographical<br />

scheme proposed by Rivas -Martínez et al. (1993 <strong>and</strong> references<br />

<strong>the</strong>rein).<br />

Native <strong>and</strong> “possible native” taxa are <strong>the</strong> larger groups <strong>of</strong><br />

vascular plants from <strong>the</strong> Madeira <strong>and</strong> Selvagens <strong>archipelagos</strong><br />

(respectively with 480 <strong>and</strong> 66 taxa). These taxa belong<br />

to 78 families, but it was interesting to find that 16 families<br />

(corresponding to <strong>the</strong> 20% most diverse families) have 385<br />

taxa, i.e., 71% <strong>of</strong> total taxa. The families with <strong>the</strong> highest<br />

number <strong>of</strong> taxa are Poaceae (73), Fabaceae (67) <strong>and</strong> Asteraceae<br />

(49). Among <strong>the</strong> 283 genera that include native or<br />

“possible native” taxa, three are <strong>the</strong> most diverse: Trifolium<br />

L. (with 21 taxa, Fabaceae), Juncus L. (with 13 taxa, Juncaceae)<br />

<strong>and</strong> Vicia L. (with 9 taxa, Fabaceae).<br />

For <strong>the</strong> introduced (<strong>and</strong> naturalised) vascular plants, <strong>the</strong><br />

highest number <strong>of</strong> taxa was recorded for <strong>the</strong> Poaceae, Asteraceae<br />

<strong>and</strong> Fabaceae (Fig. 3). Among <strong>the</strong> 430 taxa reported<br />

in this category, 401 taxa are considered introduced while<br />

29 are identified as “possible introduced”. The introduced<br />

Oleaceae<br />

Plantaginaceae<br />

Plumbaginaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Outras famílias (18)

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