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of the madeira and selvagens archipelagos - redmic

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Resumo<br />

1. Os fungos desempenham um papel fundamental na manutenção<br />

dos ecossistemas, intervindo na formação do<br />

solo, na reciclagem dos nutrientes, na decomposição da<br />

<strong>madeira</strong>, no crescimento das plantas e na limpeza das<br />

florestas.<br />

2. Apesar de mal conhecidos, os fungos são uma importante<br />

componente da biota madeirense.<br />

3. Tendo por base unicamente a literatura publicada, foram<br />

compilados 743 taxa de fungos para a região, pertencentes<br />

a 61 ordens, 146 famílias e 349 géneros.<br />

4. Os fungos conhecidos dos arquipélagos da Madeira e<br />

Selvagens estão assim distribuídos: 738 para a Ilha da<br />

Madeira, 14 para Porto Santo, 4 para as Desertas e 3<br />

para as Selvagens.<br />

5. As Agaricales constituem o grupo que apresenta maior<br />

diversidade, incluindo 200 espécies e subespécies. O género<br />

mais diverso é o género Puccinia, com 46 taxa.<br />

6. A micobiota da Madeira e Selvagens foi comparada com<br />

a de outros arquipélagos da Macaronésia, apresent<strong>and</strong>o<br />

um grau de similitude maior com a das Canárias.<br />

1. Introdução<br />

Segundo a 9.ª edição do Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fungi (Kirk et al. 2001), os fungos são organismos eucariotas,<br />

heterotróficos, ubiquistas e cosmopolitas, constituídos<br />

por filamentos ramificados (hifas) ou, raramente, por<br />

células simples, que se reproduzem por esporos.<br />

Tradicionalmente, chamamos fungos a organismos que,<br />

na verdade, pertencem a 3 diferentes reinos: Chromista, Protozoa<br />

e Fungi. As estimativas quanto ao número global de<br />

CAPÍTULO 3 | CHAPTER 3<br />

OS FUNGOS (FUNGI) DOS ARQUIPÉLAGOS<br />

DA MADEIRA E DAS SELVAGENS<br />

THE FUNGI (FUNGI) OF THE MADEIRA<br />

AND SELVAGENS ARCHIPELAGOS<br />

Ireneia Melo & José Cardoso<br />

Jardim Botânico, Museu Nacional de História Natural, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, R. da Escola Politécnica, 58,<br />

1250 -102 Lisboa, Portugal; e -mail: mimelo@fc.ul.pt<br />

57<br />

Abstract<br />

1. The Fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystem sustainability,<br />

as agents in soil formation, nutrient cycling, wood<br />

decomposition, plant growth <strong>and</strong> forest cleaning.<br />

2. Although poorly known, Fungi are an important component<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Madeira <strong>and</strong> Selvagens isl<strong>and</strong>s’ biota.<br />

3. Considering only <strong>the</strong> published literature, 743 taxa <strong>of</strong><br />

Fungi were recorded, belonging to 61 orders, 146 families<br />

<strong>and</strong> 349 genera.<br />

4. The Fungi reported from Madeira <strong>and</strong> Selvagens <strong>archipelagos</strong><br />

are distributed as follows: 738 species <strong>and</strong> subspecies<br />

for Madeira, 14 for Porto Santo, 4 for Desertas<br />

<strong>and</strong> 3 for Selvagens isl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

5. Order Agaricales, with 200 species <strong>and</strong> subspecies,<br />

showed <strong>the</strong> highest taxa diversity. The genus with <strong>the</strong><br />

highest number <strong>of</strong> species <strong>and</strong> subspecies is Puccinia,<br />

with 46 taxa.<br />

6. The mycobiota <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Madeira <strong>and</strong> Selvagens <strong>archipelagos</strong><br />

was compared with that <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r Macaronesian<br />

<strong>archipelagos</strong>; <strong>the</strong> Canary Isl<strong>and</strong>s showed <strong>the</strong> highest similitude<br />

in Fungi composition.<br />

1. Introduction<br />

According to <strong>the</strong> 9th edition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ainsworth & Bisby’s<br />

Dictionary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fungi (Kirk et al. 2001), Fungi are eukaryotic,<br />

heterotrophic, ubiquitous <strong>and</strong> cosmopolitan organisms,<br />

composed <strong>of</strong> branching filaments (hyphae) or, more rarely,<br />

<strong>of</strong> single cells, reproducing by spores.<br />

Commonly, organisms belonging to three different kingdoms,<br />

Chromista, Protozoa <strong>and</strong> true Fungi, are called Fungi.<br />

Estimates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> global number <strong>of</strong> Fungi species vary

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