27.10.2013 Views

2. Transformationer, Matriser och Operationer.

2. Transformationer, Matriser och Operationer.

2. Transformationer, Matriser och Operationer.

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

22 Nils Elander, 08/5537 8656 - 08/96 70 21 – 2003:1:26<br />

ˆxj = ˆx ′ 1(ˆx ′ 1 · ˆxj)+ ˆx ′ 2(ˆx ′ 2 · ˆxj)+ ˆx ′ 3(ˆx ′ 3 · ˆxj) =<br />

3<br />

i=1<br />

x ′ i = λi1x1 + λi2x2 + λi3x3 = <br />

⇓<br />

⇓<br />

ˆx ′ iλij med λij = ˆx ′ i · ˆxj = ˆx ny<br />

i · ˆx gammal<br />

j<br />

λijxj<br />

j=1<br />

(<strong>2.</strong><strong>2.</strong>2)<br />

(<strong>2.</strong><strong>2.</strong>3)<br />

Transformations eller Rotationsmatrisen<br />

⎛<br />

x<br />

⎜<br />

⎝<br />

′ 1<br />

x ′ 2<br />

x ′ ⎞ ⎛<br />

λ11<br />

⎟ ⎜<br />

⎠ = ⎝ λ21<br />

3 λ31<br />

λ12<br />

λ22<br />

λ32<br />

⎞<br />

λ13<br />

⎟<br />

λ23 ⎠<br />

λ33<br />

⎛ ⎞<br />

x1<br />

⎜ ⎟<br />

⎝ x2 ⎠<br />

x3<br />

{with λij = ˆxi · ˆxj} (<strong>2.</strong><strong>2.</strong>4)<br />

Betrakta rotationsmatrisen i ekv.(<strong>2.</strong><strong>2.</strong>4) i det fall vi roterar xy-axlarna en vinkel θ<br />

men beh˚aller en identisk z−axel.<br />

D˚a gäller att<br />

<strong>Matriser</strong>s egenskaper<br />

^<br />

y<br />

' ^<br />

y<br />

^<br />

z z<br />

^'<br />

^' x<br />

⎧<br />

⎪⎨ λ11 = ˆx ′ · ˆx = cos θ ; λ12 = ˆx ′ · ˆy = sin θ<br />

⎪⎩<br />

λ13 = ˆx ′ · ˆz = 0 ; λ21 = ˆy ′ · ˆx = − sin θ<br />

⇒<br />

⎛<br />

cos θ<br />

⎜<br />

λ(θxy) = ⎝ − sin θ<br />

sin θ<br />

cos θ<br />

⎞<br />

0<br />

⎟<br />

0 ⎠<br />

0 0 1<br />

Ā = (Aij)<br />

• Transposition : Aij ↔ Aji (ger : Ā T )<br />

• Symmetrisk : Aij = Aji ( Ā = Ā T )<br />

^<br />

x<br />

etc.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!