Å UMARSKI LIST 9-10/2003 - HÅ D

R. Sabadi: NJEMAČKO ŠUMARSTVO 2002/2003. GODINE Šumarski list br. 9-10, CXXVII (2003), 483-500
SUMMARY: Forestry in Germany on 30 % of its total teritory fulfils
important tasks of ensuring of natural conditions of life, subsitent production
of timber raw material, and development of space s scenery. The central aim
of forest policy of the Federal State and Lander is to maintain and improve
the ability of forests to fulfill subsistently in the best way the multitude of its
functions. For this purpose, based on density of population and structure of
the German forests, as a rule, the planed forestry is required. The most of forest
areas fulfil more functions at the same time, maintaining multifunctionality,
on same areas single functions having priority (e.g. nature protection, erosion
and avalanche control, recreation etc.).
The production of wood for energy in 2000 at the level ofEUwas 47.3 million
TOE. Said production primarily was used for termic purpose (85 %), but
also for the generation of electric power (29.6 Twh). Wood as energent has in
the EU share of 6.3 % of the total production of primary energy, but covers
only 2 % of energy consumption. Nevertheless, wood is the primary renewable
energy source, sharing with 54 % in the total consumption of renewable
energy sources.
The greatest producer of energy obtained from wood in the EU is France,
Sweden, Finland and Germany. These four countries represent 60 % of the
European energy production based on wood. In the greatest part of European
countries, the energy obtained from wood has an important place of primary
energy production, such as Finland (57 %), Portugal (47 %), Austria (32 %),
and Sweden (27.5 %). The production of primary energy from wood is in
steady rise, from 1999 to 2000 it raised for one million TEP.
As in other industrially developed countries of Europe, forestry represents
in the gross domestic product in Germany less than 1 %. Wood based industries
(incl. pulp and paper) have in Germany 2-3.9 % of the total national
GDP. It should be pointed out that Germany is the most important producer of
machines and facilities for forestry and forest industries, multiply exceeding
the important producer and exporter of equipment for forest industries, Italy.
Despite of seemingly low participation, Germany owns meticulously managed
and tended forests with corresponding forest industry.
The German Government and population are well aware of multiple uses
of forests, thus well elaborated and profesionally irreproachable management
plans, in debates in the Federal Parliament, pass through without worth
mentioned difficulties. This is contributed by very strict, selective, and high
professional standards of foresters employed in forest administration at all
levels.
Despite economically led operations, the revenues from timber sales and
marketable services cannot cover the actual expenses, where in the sustainability
of forest influences large sums of monies from the federal and
provices' budget are required, what is in Germany actually done, a measure
which maintains the atractivity of forest ownership in which, numerous owners,
individuals, corporation and state, continuously invest.
Such a policy guarantees the support of the market to the sustainability of
land s forest wellfare.
Key words: State of German forestry - Natural conditions of life -
Subsistent production of raw materials and forest influence services - Wood
as an energent - Public subsidisation of forestry
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