ushoroba wa msitu wa derema - Eastern Arc Mountains ...
ushoroba wa msitu wa derema - Eastern Arc Mountains ...
ushoroba wa msitu wa derema - Eastern Arc Mountains ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
RASIMU<br />
na upasuaji mbao, ardhi kugawi<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong>kulima wenye mashamba makub<strong>wa</strong>, sera za vijiji,<br />
kujasiria kilimo cha mazao ya viungo na juhudi za hifadhi. Wakulima <strong>wa</strong> Derema<br />
<strong>wa</strong>najua kilicho<strong>wa</strong>tokea <strong>wa</strong>tu <strong>wa</strong>lioathirika na kuanzish<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> HIMAA. Waliku<strong>wa</strong> na<br />
<strong>wa</strong>si<strong>wa</strong>si, na wengi ha<strong>wa</strong>kupenda kabisa, juu ya athari zilizoku<strong>wa</strong> zinakuja kutokana na<br />
hasara za upotevu <strong>wa</strong> mazao yao, ambayo ndiyo ya<strong>wa</strong>leteayo sehemu kub<strong>wa</strong> ya kipato<br />
chao. Walitaka ku<strong>wa</strong> na hakika k<strong>wa</strong>mba kuliku<strong>wa</strong> na fursa mpya zilizoku<strong>wa</strong> zimewek<strong>wa</strong><br />
k<strong>wa</strong> ajili yao ili <strong>wa</strong>weze kuendelea na maisha vema.<br />
Kiunzi cha Kisheria<br />
32. Sheria ya Tanzania. Mwishoni m<strong>wa</strong> miaka ya 90, sheria ya ardhi na kanuni zake<br />
vilipiti<strong>wa</strong> na kufanyi<strong>wa</strong> marekebisho makub<strong>wa</strong>. K<strong>wa</strong> miongo mingi ardhi iliku<strong>wa</strong><br />
imega<strong>wa</strong>ny<strong>wa</strong> katika mafungu mawili makub<strong>wa</strong>: “Ardhi iliyosajili<strong>wa</strong>” iliyoku<strong>wa</strong> chini<br />
sheria ya kisasa (ya <strong>wa</strong>kati <strong>wa</strong> ukoloni na baada ya ukoloni); na Ardhi ya Vijiji iliyoku<strong>wa</strong><br />
chini ya sheria ya kimila. Kuanzia urais <strong>wa</strong> Nyerere, Siasa ya Ujamaa, k<strong>wa</strong> mujibu <strong>wa</strong><br />
Sheria ya Ardhi ya M<strong>wa</strong>ka 1967, iliipa serikali mamlaka kadhaa yaliyoiruhusu kuchukua<br />
raislimali k<strong>wa</strong> manufaa ya umma, kuga<strong>wa</strong> ardhi ambayo iliku<strong>wa</strong> haina mwenyewe na<br />
kuweka utaratibu mpya <strong>wa</strong> matumizi ya ardhi k<strong>wa</strong> madhumuni ya maendeleo. M<strong>wa</strong>nzoni<br />
m<strong>wa</strong> karne ya 21 sera mpya za uchumi <strong>wa</strong> soko zilizokuja katika Tanzania baada ya<br />
Nyerere zilihitajia Sheria ya Ardhi kupiti<strong>wa</strong> upya. Sheria mbili zikapitish<strong>wa</strong>: Sheria ya<br />
Ardhi Na. 4 ya m<strong>wa</strong>ka 1999, yenye kuhusu ardhi iliyosajili<strong>wa</strong>, na ambayo kanuni zake<br />
zilipitish<strong>wa</strong> miaka miwili iliyofuata; na Sheria ya Ardhi ya Vijiji (Na 5 ya m<strong>wa</strong>ka 1999),<br />
na ambayo Kanuni za Ardhi ya Vijiji (zinazoendana nayo) zilipitish<strong>wa</strong> zilipish<strong>wa</strong> mnamo<br />
m<strong>wa</strong>ka 2001, na kuchapish<strong>wa</strong> katika Tangazo la Serikali Na. 86 la tarehe 4.5.2001.<br />
Sheria Mpya ya Misitu ilitangaz<strong>wa</strong> rasmi m<strong>wa</strong>ka 2002; Sheria hii haipingani na sheria<br />
hizo nyingine mbili za m<strong>wa</strong>ka 1999 k<strong>wa</strong> upande <strong>wa</strong> kanuni za ardhi au kuchukuli<strong>wa</strong><br />
kama mali ya umma.<br />
33 Ushoroba <strong>wa</strong> Derema ni ardhi ya vijiji na iko chini ya Sheria ya Ardhi ya Vijiji na<br />
Kanuni zake. Kanuni 9, 10, na 13-18 zinaelezea misingi na taratibu za kufuat<strong>wa</strong> katika<br />
kufidia ardhi (na mali nyingine) inayochukuli<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> manufaa ya umma. Sheria inaagiza<br />
malipo ya fidia yafanywe katika upotevu <strong>wa</strong> riba, au thamani katika mali inayoendelez<strong>wa</strong><br />
26