ushoroba wa msitu wa derema - Eastern Arc Mountains ...
ushoroba wa msitu wa derema - Eastern Arc Mountains ...
ushoroba wa msitu wa derema - Eastern Arc Mountains ...
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RASIMU<br />
michung<strong>wa</strong>, minazi, na mahindi. Kinachohitajika k<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong>kulima <strong>wa</strong> Derema<br />
<strong>wa</strong>lioathirika na hatua zilizochukuli<strong>wa</strong> na serikali ni ku<strong>wa</strong> na mpango <strong>wa</strong> pamoja <strong>wa</strong><br />
kuufanya uwezekano <strong>wa</strong> ardhi mbadala liwe jambo linalotekelezeka kikweli kweli, k<strong>wa</strong><br />
<strong>wa</strong>le ambao <strong>wa</strong>nahitaji ardhi.<br />
62. Moja<strong>wa</strong>po ya makusudio muhimu katika kusimamia Kanda iliyozuili<strong>wa</strong> ni<br />
kupunguza kuingili<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> Hifadhi ya Mazingira. Ama kuhusu HIMAA, Jambiya na<br />
Sosovele <strong>wa</strong>nasema:<br />
“Ukuzaji <strong>wa</strong> matumizi ya ardhi ambayo yanadumisha kuwepo k<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong>kazi<br />
<strong>wa</strong>chache katika maeneo jirani, pengine ndio mkakati <strong>wa</strong> muda mrefu unaofaa.<br />
Lakini, pamoja na k<strong>wa</strong>mba utaratibu huo ndio unaofaa zaidi, tatizo kub<strong>wa</strong><br />
linaku<strong>wa</strong> ni k<strong>wa</strong> jinsi gani tunaweza kufanya idadi ya <strong>wa</strong>tu ikabakia ndogo<br />
katika maeneo hayo? ….. Katika maeneo kama ya Milima ya Tao la Mashariki<br />
nguvu ya ongezeko la <strong>wa</strong>tu ni kub<strong>wa</strong>” 9<br />
63. Pamoja na k<strong>wa</strong>mba kuanzish<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> HIMAA mnamo m<strong>wa</strong>ka 1998 kulieleza<br />
k<strong>wa</strong>mba “lengo [la hifadhi] lifikiwe k<strong>wa</strong> namna ambayo itahakikisha k<strong>wa</strong>mba hali za<br />
maisha ya <strong>wa</strong>tu haziathiriki na k<strong>wa</strong>mba shughuli zao ……… zina msingi endelevu,”<br />
nguvu ya kuongezeka k<strong>wa</strong> idadi ya <strong>wa</strong>kazi <strong>wa</strong> asili ni suala ambalo litachukua muda<br />
mrefu. Mara nyingi suala hili huonekana kama lisiloweza kubadilika, huchukuli<strong>wa</strong><br />
k<strong>wa</strong>mba <strong>wa</strong>tu <strong>wa</strong>naishi katika eneo fulani hu<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong>na mizizi ya kale katika eneo hilo, na<br />
k<strong>wa</strong>mba kulihama eneo hilo au ku<strong>wa</strong>tafutia eneo jingine ni kuvuruga historia na<br />
utambulisho <strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong>tu. Kinyume kabisa na hivyo, maelezo yaliyotole<strong>wa</strong> hapo juu<br />
yanaonyesha k<strong>wa</strong>mba katika Tanzania k<strong>wa</strong> ka<strong>wa</strong>ida, 10 na milima ya Usambara ikiwemo,<br />
shuruti za mabadiliko ya kisiasa na masoko zimeku<strong>wa</strong> zikiendelea “kuandika upya”<br />
(kubadilisha) mikakati ya kimaisha ya <strong>wa</strong>navijiji. Kuanzish<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> shughuli za kiuchumi,<br />
na pengine baadaye makazi, katika nyanda za chini katika kipindi kisichoku<strong>wa</strong> na<br />
mivutano baina ya majirani, lakini kuki<strong>wa</strong> na kukinzana zaidi na malengo ya serikali,<br />
9 George Jambiya & Hussein Sosovele, “Conservation and Poverty: A case Study of the Amani Nature<br />
Reserve”, Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA) report 0.5, 2001, Dar es Salaam, pg. 13<br />
10 K<strong>wa</strong> maoni kuhusu Milima ya Usambara Magharibi, taz. Christopher A. Conte, “Colonial Science and<br />
Ecological Change: Tanzania’s Mlalo Basin 1888-1946,” Environmental History, April 1999, Conte<br />
anaonyesha jinsi ambavyo vijana katika Karne ya Kumi na Tisa <strong>wa</strong>livyoona tishio katika mfumo <strong>wa</strong>o <strong>wa</strong><br />
kilimo na kujirekebisha kila ilipobidi: “<strong>wa</strong>lionyesha ku<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong>o tayari kufanya majaribio na kuboresha<br />
kilimo chao kulingana na mabadiliko ya hali za kiekolojia, kidemografia na kiuchumi. Hakuna mtazamaji<br />
yeyote <strong>wa</strong> Ulaya aliyelekea kuele<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong>mba mabadiliko ya vizazi viwili vya m<strong>wa</strong>siliano yana<strong>wa</strong>kilisha<br />
mwendeleo na kuachana na mazoea ya zamani.<br />
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