FLEISCHWIRTSCHAFT international 1/2017

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24 Fleischwirtschaft international 1_2017 Machinery Sustainability in focus Multi-purpose equipment allows the processing of secondary meat raw materials Universal multi-purpose equipment for processing secondary meat raw materials has been designed, manufactured and utilized under production conditions of meat packing plants. It includes apower grinder,afat separator and afat melting machine. The usage of this equipment provides the intensification of technological processes, increases the yieldand quality of finished products for food,fodder and technical purposes and contributes to environmental protection. By Mikhail L’vovitch Faivishevsky Asaresult of slaughter and cutting of farm animal carcasses at meat industry enterprises producers get basic and secondary raw meat materials. Rawmeat by-products include blood,bones, hair and mucous offals, raw fat,guts, leather and horn-and-hoof by-products, endocrine enzymatic and special raw materials, inedible offals and the contents of cattle and small cattle proventriculus .Depending on the typeofslaughter animals and their fatness, the amount of secondary meat raw materials is a significant value of up to 60% during processing of cattle and up to 40% in processing of pigs (Fig. 1).Therefore, processing and use of such raw materials is essential both in terms of the volume of manufactured useful products, and thecost of the main product– meat.Naturally, the variety of morphological andchemical composition of secondary meat raw materials determines the use of different types of technological equipment for itsprocessing. In this regard, thedesign of machines and apparatuses, which would possess universal possibilities for use as part of technological lines andplants, regardless of the specific properties of the initial raw material (liquid, solid,fleshy) is important.The availability of such equipment allows to reduce costs, compared with the equipment intended only for aspecific Fig. 1: During processing of slaughter animals the amount of secondary meat raw materials is asignificant value. typeofraw materials. Some progress in this respectwas achieved at the V.M. Gorbatov All-Russian Meat Research Institute. The organization of processing of inedible wastes at medium- and low-power meat packing plants, located at great distances from each other,did not allow to create aspecializedproduction, which could be supplied with raw materials from individual enterprises. Theactual conditions demanded the organization of theiruse and processing at those enterprises, where the cattle slaughter was carried out.Inthis connection, meat packing plants had to process these raw materials. For this purposes technologieswere developed and machines and lines were manufactured allowing to getmeat-and-bone meal and technicalfat from various kinds of inedible wastes. Thecircumstances demanded to design a universal machine for grinding all kinds of inedible offals of animal origin: fleshy(meat), meat-andbone and bones, too. Apower grinder for meat and bone raw material Forthese purposes, the power grinder typeZh9-FIS was developed. It consists of abodywith fixed knives, cuttershaft,hopper, frame, electricmotor,reducer, coupling, protective casings (Fig. 2). On the steelframe abody, reducer and electricmotor are mounted. In the grooves of the cast ironbodyfour rows of fixed knives on axes aremounted, which are pressed with overhead covers to the slots.Tothe endsof the body,with the helpofabolt connection, flanges aremounted, in the recess of which cutter shaft bearings are installed. From the one end of thebody, the shaft is closed with ablank cover havinga central opening with athread for the dismounting bolt.From the other end, the shaft passes through the central opening of the cover and is connectedbythe coupling with the reducer shaft. Inside the body, in the loading part,ahard-wearing metal plateis installed, the teeth of which are directedagainst the direction of rotation of the cutter shaft.Above the loading part of the body a removable welded hopper is installed. Forinspection and cleaning of the working space alid is available. Themotion from the electric motorthrough the reducer and the V-belt transmission is transferred to the cutter shaft.The reducer pulleyissimultaneously a flywheel ensuring smooth operation in case of overloads in the working zoneofthe body.The coupling and the V-belt transmission are closed by ahousing. Themachine operates as follows: Theraw material is charged intothe hopper,from where it is captured by the moving knives arranged on the shaft along the helical line, and moves through the working zone to the discharge outlet thanks to the helical set pattern and bevels on each of them. When moving the raw material through the working zone of the cutter mechanism, it is grounded. From the discharge outlet the chopped raw material is fed to further technological processing. Table 1presents the tech-
............................... ....................................................... Fleischwirtschaft international 1_2017 25 Machinery nicalcharacteristics of the power grinder type Zh9-FIS. Afat separator for dehydration and degreasing Afundamentally newtypeof equipmentfor heat treatment of the groundsecondary meat raw materials of universal application is afat separator.Inthe developed technological process the dry heat treatment methodthateliminates thecontactofthe processed raw materials with the heat carrier (steam or hotwater) was used. This method of heatingisutilized with the aimtoeliminateorminimize the formation of broth containing soluble protein substances and emulsified fat. In some cases this brothbecomes the main component of industrial wastewater,whatcauses great environmental damage. Thefat separatortypeYa8-FLK-3 is ascrew machine (Fig. 3). It consists of abodyprovided with a steam jacket.Inacut thebottom of thisismade in the shapeofa semicircle. Inside it,along the body on bearings, ahollow screw shaft is mounted, under the action of which the groundedraw material is moved to adischarge nozzle. Thescrew shaft is rotated counterclockwise from the side of the loading hopper.Steam with the pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 MPais supplied in the jacket andthe hollow screw shaft.From the outside the steam jacket is thermally insulated. To drain the juice steam, there is apipeonthe cover of the device, to which avent pipe-line is attached. Thescrew shaft is rotated by an individual electric motor through the V-belt transmission andawormgear located at the upper end ofthe shaft. Through thelower end steam is fed to the screw shaft,and condensateisdischarged. To the jacket thesteam is fedthrough a collector in the upperpart of the device, andthe condensateexits through anozzlelocated in the bottom. Aspecial feature of the device is the availability of perforation in the lower part of the body, through which themelted fat and coagulated moistureare removed fromit. To cleanthe perforation,acomb fixed to the rotating shaft in the bearings is available.Atthe end of the shaft there is alever with aroller interacting with the cylindrical cam, which is fixed to the screwshaft. Thecam has acutout in the shape of atriangle, thesmallcathetus of which is arrangedradially.Atthe end of the lever acounterweightis suspended. Thecleaning mechanism works as follows: During the rotation of the screw shaft,the cam mounted on it removesthe combwith the pins down, opening the perforation holes.When theroller reaches the cut-out in the cam, the counterweight sharply submits the comb up,the pins enterthe holes and clean them. As aresult of conductiveheating by the dry method, the fat contained in the raw material is melted and fl ows downintothe lower part of the device installed at an angle of 12 °tothe horizon. Duringprocessing the coagulation of raw meat proteins, which is accompanied by release of moisture, takes place. It is partly removed from the device through the perforation, aswellasby Tab. 1: Technical characteristics of the power grinder type Zh9-FISU Capacity, kg/h 2000 Maximum size of loaded raw material, mm 350x350x480 Size of pieces after grinding, mm up to 50 Cutter shaft rotational speed, s -1 0.7 Electric motor power, kW 13 Overall dimensions, mm Mass, kg 1293 2065x1505x1085 Source: FAIVISHEVSKY FLEISCHWIRTSCHAFT international 1_2017 Source: FAIVISHEVSKY FLEISCHWIRTSCHAFT international 1_2017 Fig. 2: Power grinder Zh9-FIS: 1–frame 2–protective casing 3–body 4–hopper 5–V-belt drive 6–reducer 7–coupling 8–plate 9–cover 10–overhead covers 11–movable knife 12–electric motor. Advertisement evaporation. Thevapors arewithdrawn from the devicethrough a nozzle inthe cap. Table 2presents the technical characteristics ofthe fatseparator typeYa8-FLK-3. This machineissuitable for the processing all kinds of secondary meat raw materials, except horn and hoof materials, including bones andblood after preliminary coagulation. Itsuse allows to carry out thetechnological process shortly and in acontinuous stream. It therefore found application inacontinuouslyoperating meat- andbone-meal production line. It allows complex processing of the bone andbone residues obtained aftermechanical deboningofbones by the pressingmethod, to produce high-quality edible bone fat and biologically valuable feed meal. This device alsopositively proved for the processing the fl esh of edible by-products for thesubsequent useinproduction of pates and liver sausages. Moderate temperature heating of the processed rawmaterials to 85 to 90 °C during 11 to 20 min allows inactivation of vegetative microfl ora, butisnot sufficientfor the destruction of pathogenic microfl ora. Therefore the processing of inedible wastes for production of meat-and-bone meal may be carriedout only with the guaranteethat theyare derived from healthy animals. Otherwise the rawmaterials processed inthis machine must undergo additional heat treatment at atemperature of above 100 °C to ensurethe sterilization of the processed material. When using the bones and blood of healthy animals, the application of this machine guarantees sanitary welfare of the final food products. This machineissuccessfully operated at enterprisesinRussia
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