anzor ToTaZe qarTuli soflis gasaWiri qarTul sofelSi qarTulma ...

qarTuli soflis gasaWiri 

anzor ToTaZe 

qarTul sofelSi qarTulma saxelmwifoebriobam hpova gamoxatuleba. 

sofelma gansazRvra qarTuli cxovrebis wesi, uZvelesi 

kultura da mdidari tradiciebi, yofaqcevis normebi, adaTebi, 

ritualebi, romlebic Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda, mdidrdeboda 

da romlebmac sabolood qarTveli xalxis fsiqikur wyobasa da 

erTobaSi iCina Tavi. 

saqarTvelos teritoriaze adamiani uZvelesi periodidan cxovrobda. 

Zveli qvis xanis adamiani farTod unda yofiliyo gansaxlebuli, 

rasac amtkicebs ukve gamovlenili paleoliTis ZeglTa simravle. 

saqarTveloSi sul am drois 400-ze meti Zeglia aRnusxuli, 

romelTagan daaxloebiT 280 qvedapaleoliTis epoqiT TariRdeba. 

am xanis Zeglebi asaxaven imdroindeli mosaxleobis sameurneo 

saqmianobas. adamiani nadirobda cxovelebsa da frinvelebze, iWerda 

Tevzs, agrovebda mcenareul sakvebs. maT iswavles mcenareuli 

sakvebis primitiuli damuSaveba. am periodis zogierT Zeglze aRmoCenilia 

marcvleulis, Zirxvenebisa da sxva mcenareuli sakvebis 

dasamuSavebeli sasresebi da sanayi qvebi. 

mezoliTis epoqas saqarTveloSi Zv. w. XII-IX saukuneTa farglebSi 

aTavseben. mezoliTuri sadgomebi gvxvdeba rogorc mRvimeebsa 

da exebSi, ise zegnebsa da terasebze. marTalia, mezoliTuri 

Zeglebi saqarTveloSi upiratesad mdinareTa auzebs ukavSirdeba, 

magram zogjer es Zeglebi mdinarisagan sakmaod daSorebiTac gvxvdeba. 

neoliTis epoqaSi adamiani axali, gacilebiT moxerxebuli 

iaraRis damzadebasTan erTad, sxva udidesi kulturuli memkvidreobis 

Semqmnelic xdeba. mimTvisebluri meurneobidan (nadiroba, 

TevzWera, Semgrovebloba) sazogadoeba gadavida mwarmoeblur 

meurneobaze (miwaTmoqmedeba, mecxoveleoba). Cndeba Tixis Wur-

132 anzor ToTaZe 

Weli, farTod vcreldeba dawvna da qsova. iwyeba cxovelTa moTviniereba 

da moSinaureba. adamianma pirvelad moiSinaura ZaRli, 

Semdeg Rori, Txa, cxvari da sxv. man wvrilfexa Sinauri cxovelebi 

ufro adre moiSinaura, vidre msxvilfexa. 

`sakmarisia iTqvas, rom dedamiwaze arsebuli da mosaSinaureblad 

vargisi cxovelis daaxloebiT 140 aTasi saxeobidan adamianma 

moiSinaura mxolod umniSvnelo raodenoba _ sul 47~. 1 

saqarTveloSi 

da mTlianad samxreT kavkasiaSi darkveTis exi erTaderTi 

adreneoliTuri epoqis Zeglia, sadac aRmoCnda Sinauri cxovelebis 

Zvlebi. darkveTis exis mcxovreblebs moSinaurebuli hyavdaT: 

ZaRli, Zroxa, Rori da wvrilfexa rqosani saqoneli. amasTan, 

neoliTSi kultivirebuli Cans Romi. 

saqarTveloSi neoliTis epoqaSi gvxvdeba sakmaod mZlavri Ria 

nasaxlarebi, romlebsac zogjer ramdenime heqtari farTobi ekava. 

es namosaxlarebi xasiaTdebodnen TixiT Selesili, wnuli nagebobebiT, 

romlis SigniT cxovrobda saerTo keris mqone gvarovnuli 

jgufi. 2 

senakis raionSi xorSis namosaxlarze dadasturebuli sami 

nagebobis farTobi cal-calke udris 12,3; 11,9 da 19,2 kvadratul 

metrs. 3 

nagebobebi zogjer erTmaneTTan axlosaa ganlagebuli. galis 

raionis RumuriSis Svidiode nasaxlars Soris manZili 200-300 

metria. aq SesaZloa neoliTis soflis naSTTan gvqondes saqme. 4 

neoliTis epoqaSi dasaxlebaTa tipi soflis saxes iRebs. namosaxlarTa 

topografia garkveviT asaxavs am process. `dasaxleba 

_ soflebi met-naklebad kompaqtur jgufadaa ganlagebuli erTmaneTisgan 

daaxloebiT 10-15 kilometris daSorebiT. TiToeuli 

aseTi jgufi Sedgeba ramdenime (3-5) soflisagan. aseTi soflebi 

erTmaneTisagan sul 0,5-5 kilometris dacilebiT arian ganlagebulni. 

varaudoben, rom Sulaveris goraze ganlagebul dasaxlebas 

daaxloebiT erTi heqtari farTobi ekava da Sedgeboda 60-mde saxlisagan, 

romelTagan TiToeulSi 5-8 suli cxovrobda. ase, rom 

mosaxleobis saerTo raodenoba daaxloebiT 400-500 suls aRwevda. 

amave wesiT gaangariSebisas imiris goris mosaxleobis raodenoba 

SeiZleba 300 suliT ganisazRvros, xolo mTlianad Sulaveris 

jgufisa, romelic oTxi soflisagan Sedgeboda, daaxloebiT 1200- 

1300 suliT. mTliani farTobi, romelic am oTx sofels e. i. erT 

jgufs ekava, ganisazRvreba daaxloebiT 500 heqtariT, romlisaga- 

1 m. kosveni, pirvelyofili kulturis istoriis narkvevebi, Tb., 1971, gv. 91. 

2 saqarTvelos arqeologia, t. I, Tb., 1991, gv. 27. 

3 iqve, gv. 236. 

4 saqarTvelos arqeologia, t. I, gv. 244.


133 

nac mxolod ori mesamedi gamodgeboda saxnav-saZovrad, danarCeni 

ki tyeebs ekavaT. 5 

yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom saqarTveloSi 

saqme gvaqvs Camoyalibebul binadar sazogadoebasTan, 

sadac meurneobis mTavari dargebia maRali donis miwaTmoqmedeba 

da mesaqonleoba, rac, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobda `sawarmoo Cvevebisa 

da binadari meurneobis xangrZliv tradiciebsa da sakmaod maRal 

dones. 6 

amave periodSi iqmneba gvarisagan ojaxis gamoyofis ekonomikuri 

safuZveli. mimdinareobs calke ojaxebad daSlis procesi, 

rasac mowmobs alizis zRudiT gamoyofili TiToeuli 

sacxovrebeli da sameurneo kompleqsi. amrigad, gvaridan gamoiyofa 

calkeuli ojaxebi, Sesabamisi cvlilebebi xdeba binaTmSeneblobaSi, 

`rasac Sedegad mohyvena sasoflo Temis Camoyalibeba. am 

TemSi erTiandebian ukve erTi gvaris ekonomikurad damoukidebeli 

ojaxebi an aseT ojaxebad daSlili, magram saerTo warmoSobis ramdenime 

gvari~. 7 

qvis xana Secvala jer brinjaos, Semdeg ki rkinis xanam. amieridan 

sazogadoebis ganviTareba, misi progresi arnaxulad Cqardeba 

da sruliad axal Tvisebriv sivrceSi eqceva. spilenZisa da gansakuTrebiT 

rkinis gamoyenebam teqnikis saerTo aRmavloba gamoiwvia, 

udidesi gavlena moaxdina adamianis sameurneo moRvaweobis yvela 

dargze da gansakuTrebiT soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze. 

sameurneo saqmianobis, kerZod, miwaTmoqmedebisa da mesaqonleobis 

ganviTarebam adamiani mRvimidan da exidan gamoiyvana. mRvimeebSi 

adamianis cxovreba TandaTanobiT SeuZlebeli xdeba. misi 

sameurneo saqmianoba ufro vrcel sivrces saWiroebs. àdamianma 

datova aseTi mRvimeebi, goraze avida... igulisxmeba, rom es pirobebi 

mas Seeqmna neoliTis xanaSi. is garemoeba, rom socialuri 

termini adamianTa sazogadoebis erTobliobis aRsaniSnavad gori 

(_ qori) da saxli (_ cixe) gvaqvs, imis mowmobaa, rom es erToblioba 

(sagvareulo wyoba) im pirobebSi SemuSavda, roca adamiani 

mRvimeSi ki aRar iyo, mRvimeSi ki aRar binadrobda, aramed gorze 

da aq mis mierve Seqmnil SenobaSi, sul erTia, es Senoba moRobili 

(`Cixi~) iqneboda, Tu mTliani xeebisagan Seqmnili (jixa, cixe, 

jixuri). aseTi socialuri gaerTianeba SesaZlebelia paleoliTneoliTis 

sazRvarzec dawyebuliyo, magram am organizaciis saboloo 

gaformeba ueWvelia mRvimidan adamianis gamosvlis Semdeg, 

5 o. lorTqifaniZe, Zveli qarTuli civilizaciis saTaveebTan, Tb., 2002, gv. 56-57. 

6 iqve, gv. 67. 

7 citirebulia: o. lorTqifaniZe, dasx. naSromi, gv. 67.


misi gorze (qorad, saxlad) dabinavebis Semdeg moxda~. 8 

uamravi goris aRmniSvneli Tavdapirveli toponimi SemorCa 

saqarTvelos Tanamedrove mosaxleobis xsovnas. goraze mcxovrebi 

mosaxleoba erTferovani iyo, maT saerTo niSnebi aerTianebda, 

sisxliT naTesavebi iyvnen. rogorc akad. n. berZeniSvili aRniSnavs, 

`geografiuli cneba gori Seerqva mosaxleobis erTeuls garkveuli 

niSnis matarebels... socialur erTeuls _ gvari~. 9 

miuxedavad 

amisa, igi mainc did, SeiZleba gadametebul, sifrTxiles iCens 

da aRniSnavs: `Cven ar viciT gora terminis urTierToba termin 

gvarTan, magram miuxedavad sawinaaRmdego mosazrebaTa arsebobisa, 

goris gvarTan kavSiri SesaZleblad migvaCnia~. 10 

am aspeqtSi niSandoblivia 

cnobili gamoTqma: ìcode, visi gorisa (gvarisa) xar~. 

adamiani sameurneo saqmianobis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da gamravlebis 

Sedegad, goraze veRar eteva, dabla (dabaSi) Camodis da 

sul ufro da ufro met sivrces iTvisebs. amis naTeli magaliTia 

zemo imereTSi mdebare sofeli qvacixe, romelic uZveles dros 

mTis Txemze arsebula. rogorc akad. n. berZeniSvili miuTiTebs, 

zogierT goras cixe ewodeboda jer kidev im dros, roca am goraze 

gvari iyo moTavsebuli, roca gora da cixe erTi da igive iyo Sinaarsobrivad. 

yoveli gora metnaklebad cixe (simagre) iyo. magram 

`cixe~ saxelad im gorebs SerCa, romlebic gansakuTrebul simagred 

iqcnen da amiT sxva gorebisagan gansxvavdebodnen. mecnieris 

azriT, Tavis droze dasaxlebul goras erqva `qvacixe~. am goris 

mcxovrebni TandaTanobiT Camovidnen dabla da Tan wamoiRes saxeli 

`qvacixe~. aseTi gorebi da cixeebi ki mravlad gvxvdeba saqarTvelos 

teritoriaze. magram am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT 

sainteresoa mecnieris Semdegi daskvna: `saxeli qvacixe argveTSi 

(gviani drois argveTSi) im uZveles drosve damowmebulia da maS 

qarTuli ena am qveyanaSi jer kidev brinjaos da adrerkinis xanaSi 

faqtia~. 11 

mas amis dasadastureblad sxva magaliTebic mohyavs: 

`xovles da naxovlars fSav-xevsureTSi nangrevs, nasaxlars uwodeben, 

es ZvelisZveli sityva unda iyos. igi paralels poulobs 

qarTlis soflis saxelTan _ xovlesTan. 

yoranTa, akaurTa, CxikvTa, lomTa da misTanani da agreTve 

yorni(si), orbni(si), weroni(si) mowmoben, rom qarTuli (ni, Ta, si 

sufiqsebi, si ufro gvian) ena iyo aq im dros, roca am enis matarebe- 

8 n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1990, gv. 33-34. 

9 iqve, gv. 45. 

10 iqve, gv. 48. 

11 iqve, gv. 55.


135 

li xalxi goraebze cxovrobdnen, roca isini gvarebad `saxlebad~ 

cxovrobdnen~. 12 

saqarTvelos teritoriaze mravali gora arsebobs, sadac adamianebi 

cxovrobdnen. dResac SemorCenilia am gorebis Tavdapirveli 

saxelebi. es ki bevr rames niSnavs. rogorc Cans, uZvelesi 

droidan aq uwyvetad cxovrobda xalxi, romelic qarTulad metyvelebda 

da laparakobda. 

zemoT aRniSnuls Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, qarTuli sofeli uxsovari 

droidan arsebobs da, maSasadame, cxovrebis garemo pirobebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT im uxsovari droidan xdeba qarTuli cxovrebis 

wesis Casaxva da ganviTareba, dakvirvebis, gamocdilebis 

safuZvelze adaTebis, qcevis normebis, tradiciebis TandaTanobiTi 

formireba. maT ganviTarebis uaRresad rTuli da xangrZlivi 

gza gaiares da Cvenamde moaRwies daxvewili saxiT. qarTulma 

sofelma uaRresad srulyofili tradiciebi Seqmna, romlebmac 

asaxva hpova qarTveli kacis xasiaTSi, mis qcevebSi, mSoblebisa 

da qalisadmi damokidebulebaSi, SromaSi, samSoblosadmi TavdadebaSi, 

naTesaobisadmi pativiscemaSi, Wirisa da lxinis gaziarebaSi, 

Zmobasa da megobrobaSi, siyvarulSi, ojaxis siwmindis 

dacvaSi, stumar-maspinZlobaSi, gardacvlilTa pativiscemasa da 

adamianis cxovrebis sxva sferoebSi, risTvisac Rirs eris da saer- 

Tod adamianis sicocxle. `Cveni tradiciebi Cveni cxovreba iyo, 

romelTa simtkice Zvalsa da rbilSi hqonda gamjdari Cvens xalxs 

da romelTa gareSec warmoudgeneli iyo qarTveli kaci~. 13 

erT-erTi ganmartebiT, tradicia saukuneebis manZilze yalibdeboda 

eris an sxvadasxva socialuri Tu eTnikuri jgufis gamocdilebiT 

da masSi xSirad aisaxeboda erovnuli Taviseburebani, 

romelic TandaTanobiT gadaecemoda Taobidan Taobas. tradiciebis 

socialuri funqcia imaSi mdgomareobs, ron igi Tavisi garegani 

mimzidveli formiTa da SinaarsiT adamianis sulier moTxovnilebebs 

akmayofilebs (o. gabiZaSvili). 

tradiciebi, romlebic soflad iqmneboda da ixveweboda, mTeli 

xalxis kuTvnileba xdeboda. Cveni erovnuloba qarTveli glexis 

Sromismoyvareobas, sulieri cxovrebis ganumeoreblobas, orginalobasa 

da individualobas efuZneba. materialuri warmoebis 

sfero, romelic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs sulier cxovrebas, 

12 iqve, gv. 57-58. 

13 r. wiqvaZe, erovnuli tradiciebi da maTi sociologiuri gamokvlevis zogierTi 

Sedegi / ix. meToduri saxelmZRvanelo kulturis saxalxo universitetebis yofisa 

da tradiciebis fakultetebisaTvis, Tb., 1978, gv. 120.


am SemTxvevaSi nakleb rols TamaSobs. teqnikuri progresis miRwevebi 

sabolood mTeli kacobriobis kuTvnileba xdeba da drosa 

da sivrceSi warmoebis procesi saocrad erTnairad meordeba da 

es asec unda iyos. erovnuli niSan-Tvisebebi aq ZiriTadad ganze 

rCeba da gadamwyveti materialuri dovlaTis, rac SeiZleba, iafad 

da gazrdili raodenobiT warmoeba xdeba. es ki erTnairad misaRebia 

yvela qveynisa da erisaTvis. 

qarTveli mefeebi, saerTod qarTveli sazogadoeba, gansakuTr 

ebul mzrunvelobas iCendnen soflis ganviTarebisa da aRo rZ inebis, 

`soflis RonierebisaTvis~, radgan kargad icodnen, rom qveynis 

keTildReoba glexobaze iyo damyarebuli. mefe-poet arCils 

(1647-1713), rogorc is amas Tavis nawarmoebSi `gabaaseba Teimurazisa 

da rusTvelisa~ aRniSnavs, yvelaze did erovnul tragediad 

glexobis amowyveta miaCnia da amkvidrebs glexobis dacvis ideas: 

`Tu amoswydes glexkaci, saqarTvelo daZabundes.~ 14 

ar aris SemTxveviTi, 

rom sparselebis mier kaxeTis gaukacrielebuli (`kaxeTi 

iyo ukaco~) da aoxrebuli soflebis gamo sasowarkveTili mefe 

Teimuraz pirveli (1589-1663) ambobs: `saxelmwifo damekargao~. 

diax, soflebis aoxreba saxelmwifos dakargvis tolfasi iyo, rom 

isev mtris Semosevebisagan gadarCenil soflebis mosaxleobas didi 

simamace ar gamoeCina da mteri erTniarad ar gaereka kaxeTidan. 

mefe arCili SesaniSnavad icnobs qarTveli glexis bunebas, mis 

xasiaTs, TavdaWeril da darbaislur Cvevebs. igi didi kmayofilebiT 

aRniSnavs: `glexni iyvnen, magram im dRes darbaisladac kmar 

iyvnen~. qarTveli glexebis es Tviseba arc ucxoel mogzaurebs 

gamorCeniaT mxedvelobidan. frangi mogzauri Jan Sardeni, romelmac 

1672-1673 wlebSi imogzaura saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebuli 

simpaTiiT aRniSnavs: `qarTvelebi Tavazianni da kacTmoyvareni, 

amasTanave, darbaiselni da TavdaWerilni arian~. 15 

Sardeni iqve 

agrZelebs, qarTvelebi sxvebze ufro uflebamosili, amayi, Tavmomwone 

da didebis moyvaruli xalxiao. 

qarTveli xalxi cnobilia uZvelesi kulturiTa da mdidari 

tra diciebiT. ucxoeli mogzaurebi, italieli misionerebi aRfrTo 

vanebulni arian qarTuli cxovrebis wesiT, qarTveli xalxis stu 

marTmoyvareobiT, tradiciebiT, qarTvelTa Sinagani kulturiT, 

ga nsakuTrebiT qarTveli qalebis kdemamosilebiT, ojaxisadmi 

erTgu lebiT, silamaziTa da saTnoebiT. qarTul soflebSi mogzaurobis 

dros miRebul STabeWdilebebSi isini saqebar sityvebs ar 

14 qarTuli mwerloba, t. VI, Tb., 1989, gv. 451. 

15 Sardenis mogzauroba, Tb., 1975, gv. 297.


137 

iSureben qa rTvelebis, qarTveli qalebis Sesaxeb. `vTqvaT mraval- 

Tagan mciredi~. 

Sardenis azriT, `qarTvelebi mTels aRmosavleTSi da, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, mTel msoflioSi, saucxoo jiSis xalxia. am qveyanaSi me ar 

Semxvedria arc erTi uSno adamiani, kaci iqneba es Tu qali, vxvdebodi 

mxolod da mxolod angelozisebr saxeebs. qalebis umetesoba 

bunebas iseTi sinatifiT daujildoebia, rogorsac versad SexvdebiT. 

vfiqrob, SeuZlebelia maT Tvali mohkraT da ar SegiyvardeT, 

qarTvel qalze ufro mSvenieri saxisa da tanis daxatvac ki 

SeuZlebelia~. 16 

meore frangi mogzauri Jak fransua gamba, romelmac saqarTveloSi 

1820-ian wlebSi imogzaura, Sardenis msgavsad, qarTvelebs 

adamianis modgmis nimuSad Tvlida. 17 

misi azriT, qarTvelebi metad 

lamazebi, gonierebi da Tavazianebi arian. italieli misioneris 

don juzepe judiCe milanelis daxasiaTebiT ki `qveyana da gansakuTrebiT 

qalebi metismetad lamazebia. am mxareSi ufro metad, 

vidre sxva qveyanaSi, didi TavSekavebaa saWiro, rom cdunebaSi ar 

Cavardes kaci~. 18 

qarTveli qalis didi Rirsebisa da silamazis Sesaxeb arc 

italieli misioneri da mxatvari don qristoforo de kasteli, 

romelic 1627-1654 wlebSi cxovrobda saqarTveloSi, iSurebs 

saqebar sityvebs. igi moxiblulia qarTveli qalebis silamaziTa 

da gonierebiT. mis mier daxatuli qarTveli qalis suraTze igi 

akeTebs Semdeg warweras: ìgi nawilobriv zeciuri iyo dedamiwaze 

SeqmnilTa Soris~. sxva suraTze gakeTebuli warwera ki gvamcnobs: 

ùkeTilSobilesi qarTveli qali, mamuka biskaias meuRle, rodia 

miqelaZe, niWieri, umaRlesi saTnoebisa da patiosani yofaqceviT 

Semkuli mxatvari qalia, umaRles mTebSi mcxovrebi~. 19 

niSandoblivia, 

rom evropeli mogzaurebi da italieli misionerebi, 

erTxmad dadebiTi epiTetebiT amkoben qarTveli mamakacebisa da qalebis 

silamazes, maT gonierebas, gamWriaxobas, stumarTmoyvareobas, 

xasiaTis uryev simtkicesa da gambedaobas. 

uZvelesi periodidan me-19 saukunemde, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

qveynis mTel mosaxleobas ZiriTadad soflis mosaxleoba Seadgenda. 

ra Tqma unda, saqarTveloSi araerTi qalaqi arsebobda, magram 

16 iqve. 

17 Jak fransua gamba, mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1987, gv. 176. 

18 don juzepe judiCe milaneli, werilebi saqarTveloze, 1964, gv. 117. 

19 don qristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, Tb., 1976, 

gv. 23, 108.


maTi mosaxleoba raodenobrivad mcire iyo. TviT me-13 saukunis 

pirvel naxevarSi, rodesac, Cvenamde moRweuli cnobebis Tanaxmad, 

saqarTveloSi 8 milioni kaci cxovrobda, xolo TbilisSi aranakleb 

100 aTas kacs mainc unda ecxovra da sxva dawinaurebuli qalaqebic 

arsebobda, soflis mosaxleoba mainc mTeli mosaxleobis 

did umravlesobas _ daaxloebiT 95-96 procents Seadgenda. 

Semdeg saukuneebSi mtrebis gamudmebuli Semosevebis gamo saqarTvelos 

mosaxleoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, bevrma qalaqma dakarga 

adrindeli daniSnuleba da qveynis mosaxleoba Tanamedrove teritoriaze 

1800 wels, prof. v. jaoSvilis gaangariSebiT, 785 aTas 

kacs udrida. soflad isev mTeli mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba 

cxovrobda _ daaxloebiT 97 procenti. 

1897 wels ruseTis imperiaSi da, maSasadame, saqarTveloSic 

Catarda mosaxleobis aRwera. am aRweris mixedviT saxeze myofma 

mosaxleobam saqarTveloSi 1919,4 aTasi kaci Seadgina da erT saukuneSi 

1134,4 aTasi kaciT anu 2,4-jer gaizarda. qveynis qalaqis mosaxleoba 

mniSvnelovnad gadidda da man 303,2 aTasi kaci Seadgina, 

xolo soflis mosaxleoba 1616,2 aTas kacs, anu saqarTvelos mTeli 

mosaxleobis 84,2 procents udrida. me-20 saukuneSi es Tanafardoba 

kidev ufro swrafad icvleba qalaqis mosaxleobis daCqarebuli 

zrdis Sedegad soflis mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT. es movlena ganpirobebuli 

iyo axal saqalaqo dasaxlebaTa warmoqmniT. amasTan, 

qalaqebi izidavda soflis mcxovreblebs da saqarTvelos garedan 

mosuli migrantebis did nawils. 

1939 wlidan 1989 wlamde saqarTvelos qalaqis mosaxleoba 

gaizarda 1066,2 aTasidan 3 035,7 aTasamde anu 2,8-jer. amave periodSi 

soflis mosaxleoba Semcirda 2473,8 aTasidan 2407,6 aTasamde 

(66,2 aTasi kaci). 1939 _ 1989 wlebSi soflis mosaxleobis wilma 

mTel mosaxleobaSi 69,9 procentidan 44,0 procentamde daiklo. 

Semdeg wlebSi qveyanaSi momxdari kataklizmebis Sedegad, rac cnobilma 

movlenebma gamoiwvia, soflis mosaxleobis raodenoba Semcirda 

(1995 _ 2010 wlebSi _ 2 225,8 aTasidan 2085,9 aTasamde), 

Tumca misi wili mTel mosaxleobaSi odnav gaizarda _ 46,2 procentidan 

47,0 procentamde. 2011 wlis pirveli ianvris monacemebiT 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobam 4469,2 aTasi kaci Seadgina, aqedan 2371,3 

aTasi kaci qalaqad cxovrobda (53,0 procenti), xolo 2097,9 aTasi 

_ soflad (47,0 procenti). 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRwera ukanasknelad 

2002 wels saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebis mier kontrolirebad 

teritoriaze Catarda. saqarTveloSi 3 668 sofeli


139 

aRiricxa. 3 050 sofelSi erovnebiT qarTveli mosaxleoba Warbobda; 

171 sofelSi _ azerbaijaneli mosaxleobs; 139-Si _ somexi; 

103-Si _ osi; 26-Si _ berZeni; 8-Si _ qisti; 3-Si _ rusi; 4-Si avareli 

da a. S. am soflebis mudmivma mosaxleobam 2 087 aTasi kaci 

Seadgina, anu ori ukanaskneli aRweraTSoris periodSi (1989 _ 

2002 wlebSi) 323 aTasi kaciT Semcirda. miuxedavad amisa, sofelTan 

SedarebiT qalaqad ufro intensiuri gare migraciuli procesebis 

gamo, aRniSnul periodSi soflis mosaxleobis wili mTel 

mosaxleobaSi 44,6 procentidan 47,7 procentamde gaizarda. 

mosaxleobis ukanaskneli aRweris monacemebiT 5 000 kacze 

meti 28 sofelSi cxovrobda, maT Soris pirvel adgilzea marneulis 

raionis sofeli sadaxlo _ 9 486 kaci, meore adgili ukavia 

mcxeTis raionis sofel diRoms _ 8746; mesame _ Telavis raionis 

sofel yarajalas _ 8270 kaci da a. S. 

amJamad saqarTveloSi bevri sofeli gaukacrielda _ gacivda 

ukanaskneli kera. dacarielebuli soflebi ki ufro saSiSi 

sanaxaobaa, vidre udabno. aki vaJa-fSavelac didi gulistkiviliT 

aRniSnavda: `ra saSineli SemaZrwunebeli sityvaa nasoflari~. 

2002 wlis aRweris mixedviT 162 sofelSi ukve mosaxleoba aRar 

cxovrobs. 10 kaci da naklebi mosaxleobaa 152 sofelSi, xolo 

905 sofelSi, anu qveyanaSi arsebuli soflebis 25 procentSi 100 

kacamde cxovrobs. bevr sofelSi, sadac adre asobiT kaci cxovrobda, 

aTiode kaciRa darCa, zogan ki _ ori, sami. gansakuTrebiT 

Semcirda mosaxleoba saqarTvelos istoriul kuTxeebSi _ raWaSi, 

leCxumSi, svaneTsa da TuS-fSav-xevsureTSi. magaliTad, mosaxleobis 

sagangaSo klebas aqvs adgili raWaSi, sadac 1939 wels 67 aTasi, 

xolo 2011 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT 22,7 aTasi kaci cxovrobda. 

ase rom, martooden mamapapuri keris siyvarulis litoni 

qadageba mosaxleobis barisaken ltolvas ver Seanelebs, Tu mTa- 

Si xelisuflebam ekonomikisa da infrastruqturis ganviTarebis 

specialuri RonisZiebebi ar ganaxorciela. saWiroa saqarTvelos 

mTianeTis sameurneo aTvisebis realuri programis SemuSaveba da 

ara `mamacuri frazebis bavSvurad srola~. 

mdgomareoba marTlac mZimea. is, rom 152 sofelSi 10 kacamde 

cxovrobs, an Tundac yovel meoTxe sofelSi (905 sofeli) 100 kacamde 

cxovrobs, imas niSnavs, rom mTis Zneladmisadgom sofleb- 

Si ugzoobis, uSuqobisa da yovelgvari infrastruqturis gareSe 

ZiriTadad moxucebia darCenili, romlebic uimedod iTvlian TavianTi 

cxovrebis darCenil dReebs. 

yovelive zemonaTqvami qveynis usafrTxoebis dacvis Tvalsaz-


risiT umZimesi problemaa. faqtobrivad, qveynis CrdiloeTis sazRvari 

mofarRalavebulia. amJamad CrdiloeTis sazRvarTan mdebare 

svaneTis, raWisa da yazbegis raionebSi 42 aTasi kaci cxovrobs da 

isinic faqtobrivad moxucebia. CrdiloeTis sazRvarTan mdebare 

soflebi an gaukacrielebulia, an am soflebSi TiTo-orola kaci 

Tu cxovrobs. magaliTad, piriqiTa sofel axielSi erTi saukunis 

winaT, 1886 wels 240 kaci cxovrobda, amJamad mxolod 6 kaci cxovrobs, 

sofel amRaSi es maCvenebeli Sesabamisad 194-sa da 31 kacs 

udris, xolo WimRaSi _ 72-sa da 5 kacs. analogiuri viTarebaa 

sxva soflebSic. kerZod, vaJa-fSavelas sofel CargalSi 1886 wels 

347 kaci cxovrobda, amJamad iq 100 kaci cxovrobs, sofel Suafxos 

mosaxleobis raodenoba amave periodSi 215 kacidan 38 kacamde Semcirda, 

sofel maTuraSi _ 276 kacidan 3 kacamde da a. S. 

uaxloes perspeqtivaSi mosaxleobis sqesobriv-asakobrivi stru 

qturis cvlilebebis Sedegad saqarTvelos soflis mosaxleobis 

demografiuli maCveneblebi sagrZnoblad gauaresdeba. amJamad 

soflad gacilebiT naklebi bavSvi ibadeba, vidre qalaqad, 

maSin rodesac adre piruku movlenas hqonda adgili. magaliTad, 

1975 wels qalaqad da soflad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis raodenoba 

gaTanabrda. qalaqad da soflad dabadebuli bavSvebis raodenobac 

TiTqmis Tanabari iyo _ am wels qalaqad 44,9 aTasi bavSvi daibada, 

xolo soflad 44,8 aTasi. 2007 wels ki qalaqad 34,3 aTasi bavSvi 

daibada, xolo soflad _ 14,9 aTasi bavSvi. 2008 wels Sesabamisi 

maCveneblebi 39,2 aTassa da 17,3 aTass udrida. amasTan, Sobadobis 

done qalaqad orjer maRalia sofelTan SedarebiT. kerZod, 2009 

wels qalaqad mosaxleobis yovel 1000 kacze 18,7 bavSvi daibada, 

xolo soflad _ 9,5 bavSvi. 

Sobadobis Semcirebisa da sikvdilianobis zrdis Sedegad uk a nasknel 

wlebSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda mosaxleobis bunebrivi mateba, 

gansakuTrebiT soflad. am movlenas naTlad gviCvenebs 1997 

_ 2004 wlebis monacemebi. rogorc cxrilidan Cans, soflad gacilebiT 

metia gardacvalebis, vidre dabadebis SemTxvevebi, gansakuTrebiT 

qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi. mxolod aWaraSi 

gvaqvs mTlianad da, maT Soris, soflad mosaxleobis maRali bunebrivi 

mateba. aRsaniSnavia, rom raWa-leCxumi, Tu ase gagrZelda, 

daicleba mosaxleobisagan. marto rva wlis ganmavlobaSi _ 1997 

_ 2004 wlebSi, uaRresad intensiuri emigraciuli procesebisa da 

soflad mosaxleobis maRali bunebrivi klebis Sedegad, isedac mcire 

raWis mosaxleoba sul raRac 8 wlis ganmavlobaSi 6,1 aTasiT 

Semcirda _ 30,4 aTasi kacidan 24,3 aTas kacamde.


141 

cxrili #1 

saqarTvelos soflis mosaxleobis bunebrivi mateba (kleba) 

mxareebis mixedviT 1997 _ 2004 wlebSi 

wlebi 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 sul 

1997mxareebi 

2004 

saqarTvelo 

_ sul 

-1399 -4313 -5832 -6497 -7107 -7752 -5563 -718 -39481 

aWara 1304 1105 934 640 436 211 425 1626 6681 

guria -632 -688 -863 -883 -977 -950 -689 -640 -6322 

imereTi -1774 -2251 -2581 -2730 -2662 -2876 -2148 -2145 -19167 

kaxeTi -772 -1036 -1276 -1547 -1830 -2103 -1428 -985 -10977 

mcxeTamTianeTiraWa-leCx- 

-79 -216 -358 -542 -527 -490 -476 -181 -2869 

umi da qvemo 

svaneTi 

samegrelo- 

-506 -468 -441 -305 -303 -330 -410 -458 -3221 

zemo svane- 

Ti 

-675 -813 -909 -1241 -923 -1056 -1172 -493 -7282 

samcxe-javaxeTi 

464 146 121 362 165 178 53 693 2182 

qvemo qar- 

Tli 

1043 371 -68 158 -95 -276 -28 1789 2894 

Sida qar- 

Tli 

-72 -463 -391 -409 -391 -60 310 76 -1400 

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebi. 

metad sagangaSoa is mdgomareoba, rom zogierTi istoriuli 

kuTxe saerTod icleba mosaxleobisagan. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaa 

raWasa da leCxumSi. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 1939 wels 

raWaSi 67 aTasi kaci cxovrobda, xolo 2011 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT 

_ 22,7 aTasi kaci. raWaSi mosaxleoba mcirdeba rogorc 

mosaxleobis bunebrivi klebis (gardacvlilTa raodenoba Warbobs 

dabadebulTa raodenobas), ise intensiuri migraciuli procesebis 

Sedegad. amis gamo mniSvnelovnad Semcirda Sromisunariani 

mosaxleoba da gaizarda xandazmuli asakis mosaxleobis wili. 

kerZod, mosaxleobis daberebis done Zalian maRalia _ 60 wels


gadacilebulTa wilma mTel mosaxleobaSi 30 procents gadaaWarba. 

amasTan, Tu adre umetesad adgili hqonda droebiT da sezonur 

migracias, amJamad ZiriTadad gvxvdeba mudmivi (daubrunebeli) migracia. 

ukve Zalian cota darCa e. w. `mozamTre raWvelebi~. raWis 

bevr sofelSi mosaxleoba katastrofulad Semcirda, zogic saer- 

Tod dacarielda. erTi saukunis winaT ki raWaSi bevri xalxmravali 

sofeli arsebobda. magaliTad, 1886 wels raWis sofel barSi 1793 

kaci cxovrobda, uweraSi _ 1318, CasavalSi _ 1058, znakvaSi _ 1274, 

sxvavSi _ 2197, xotevSi _ 1208 da a. S. amJamad am soflebSi mosaxleobis 

naxevaric aRar darCa, xolo zogierT sofelSi mxolod 

ramdenime aTeuli kaci cxovrobs. 

raWaSi didi xania daiwyo mosaxleobis depopulacia _ gardacvlilTa 

ricxvi bevrad aRemateba dabadebulTa ricxvs. metad 

sagulisxmoa, rom ukanasknel ocdaerT weliwadSi _ 1990 _ 2010 

wlebSi (1993 wlis monacemebi ar moipoveba, amitom am wlis maCveneblad 

momijnave wlebis saSualo maCvenebeli aviReT) ambrolauris 

municipalitetSi (raionSi) mosaxleobis bunebrivma klebam 4771 

kaci Seadgina, e. i. am periodSi 4771 kaciT meti gardaicvala, vidre 

daibada. analogiuri maCvenebeli onis raionSi 2576 kacs udrida. 

amrigad, 1990 _ 2010 wlebSi raWaSi mxolod mosaxleobis bunebrivma 

klebam 7347 kaci Seadgina. xelisufleba, gansakuTrebiT ukanasknel 

wlebSi, arafers akeTebs raWaSi, ise rogorc mTel saqarTveloSi, 

umZimesi demografiuli viTarebis gajansaRebisaTvis. magaliTad, 

2004-2010 wlebSi, 7 weliwadSi, ambrolauris municipalitetSi mosaxleobis 

bunebrivma klebam 1494 kaci Seadgina, xolo wina Svid 

weliwadSi _ 1997-2003 wlebSi _ 1198 kaciT anu TiTqmis 300 kaciT 

naklebi. Tu ase gagrZelda da sagangebo RonisZiebebi ar ganxorcielda, 

sul raRac or-sam aTwleulSi raWa mosaxleobisagan 

TiTqmis mTlianad daicleba. analogiuri viTarebaa mcirericxovan 

(15,6 aTasi kaci) leCxumSi, sadac imave periodSi (1990-2010 wlebi) 

mosaxleobis bunebrivma klebam 2972 kaci Seadgina. 21 wlian periodSi, 

1990-2010 wlebSi mosaxleobis bunebrivi matebis, Cvens SemTxvevaSi 

bunebrivi klebis, zogadi koeficientis gaangariSebis Sedegad, 

metad savalalo Sedegi miviReT. aRmoCnda, rom 1990 _ 2010 

wlebSi mosaxleobis yovel 1000 sulze saSualod yovelwliurad 

kleba Seadgenda: ambrolauris municipalitetSi 13,7 kacs, onis municipalitetSi 

10,9 kacs da cageris municipalitetSi 8,7 kacs. 

raWa-leCxumSi aRniSnul mZime demografiul viTarebas ZiriTadad 

ganapirobebs soflis mosaxleobaSi mimdinare metad araxelsayreli 

demografiuli procesebi. soflis mosaxleobis wili ki


143 

mxaris mTeli mosaxleobis 82,0 procents aRwevs. amdenad, zemoT 

aRniSnuli problemebis mogvareba aucileblobiT aris nakarnaxevi. 

amJamad qveynis sabiujeto saxsrebis didi nawili mimarTulia turizmis 

ganviTarebisaTvis. mTavrobas miaCnia, rom svaneTi uaxloes 

wlebSi miiRebs 500 aTas turists, aWara 5 milions da a. S., magram 

aseTi sasurveloba moklebulia realur safuZvels. upirveles 

yovlisa, aWara metad uxvnaleqiani regionia, gansakuTrebiT zam- 

Tris TveebSi, xolo svaneTSi mgzavroba amindis cvalebadobis gamo 

aseve xSirad SeuZlebelia. rac ar unda movindomoT, weliwadSi 

rva Tveze mets verc aWara da verc svaneTi turistebs ver miiRebs. 

Tavi rom davaneboT am raodenobiT turistebis misaRebad saWiro 

satransporto saSualebebis uqonlobas, soflis meurneobis dargis 

moSlis pirobebSi maTi sakvebi produqtebiT momaragebaSi arsebul 

siZneleebs, arc turistebis momsaxure personalis raodenoba 

aris sakmarisi, rac turizmis ganviTarebis mTavari pirobaa. 

es kargad Cans Semdegi magaliTis safuZvelze. 2011 wlis 1 ianvris 

mdgomareobiT mestiis municipalitetis mosaxleoba 14,6 aTas kacs 

Seadgenda, aqedan 2,7 aTasi daba mestiaSi cxovrobda, xolo 11,9 

aTasi _ soflad. turistebs ZiriTadad unda moemsaxuros daba mestiis 

mosaxleoba. daba mestiis mosaxleobis daaxloebiT naxevari 

_ 1,35 aTasi _ xandazmuli da arasrulwlovania. turizmSi maT 

ver davasaqmebT. darCenili 1,35 aTasidan nawili aucileblad iqneba 

dasaqmebuli gamgeobaSi, policiaSi, saavadmyofoSi, skolasa da 

sxva amgvar sferoebSi, rac aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis 

normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis. axla Tu darCenil, daaxloebiT 

1000 kacs, uklebliv yvelas turizmSi davasaqmebT, rac sruliad 

miuRebelia eris sulieri cxovrebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, 

problema sanaxevrodac ver gadawydeba. yvelaze ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, 

rva Tvis ganmavlobaSi Tanabrad rom ganawildes 500 aTasi turisti, 

maSin svaneTma yovelTviurad 62500 turisti unda miiRos. bunebrivia, 

1000 kaci SeuZlebelia moemsaxuros am raodenobis turists, 

Tundac TiToeuli turisti mxolod 2 dRe darCes svaneTSi. isic 

unda iTqvas, rom soflis mosaxleobis xarjzec momsaxure personali 

ver Seivseba, radgan svaneTSi soflebi mcirericxovania, sadac 

mosaxleoba demografiulad daberebulia da maTi daclac sruliad 

mizanSeuwonelia. verc sxva mxaris mosaxleobis xarjze moxdeba 

momsaxure personalis Sevseba sruliad gasagebi obieqturi 

mizezebis gamo. Tu mTeli qveyana turizmis relsebze gadava, mZime 

demografiuli viTarebis pirobebSi, yvelgan metad mwvaved dadgeba 

momsaxure personalis problema. turizmis aseTi masStabiT gan-


viTareba ufro amoCemebul survils hgavs Sesabamisi resursebis 

gauTvaliswineblobis gareSe, rasac sabolood gacilebiT meti 

uaryofiTi Sedegi mohyveba qveynisaTvis, vidre dadebiTi. gadaWarbebulad 

ar unda SevafasoT Cveni SesaZleblobebi da msoflios winaSe 

mdgari ekonomikuri, ekologiuri, energetikuli da demografiuli 

problemebic unda gaviTvaliswinoT. 

zemoT aRniSnuli mosazrebebi Tanabrad Seexeba aWarasac, kaxeTsac, 

imereTsac, TuS-fSav-xevsureTsac da Cveni qveynis sxva kuTxeebsac. 

ra Tqma unda, Cven amiT imis Tqmas ar vapirebT, rom turizmi 

Cvens qveyanaSi ar unda ganviTardes, magram yvelaferSi unda 

davicvaT zoma da wona. rodesac mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba 

gaRatakebulia, rodesac TiTqmis erT milion pensioners (TiTqmis 

mosaxleobis meoTxeds) erTi kviris saarsebo pensiasac ver 

vaZlevT, rodesac saSualo xelfasi gadasaxadebis gadaxdasac ver 

audis, rodesac Tbilissa da sxva qalaqebSi ar arsebobs arcerTi 

sanagve konteineri, rom Sig saWmlis narCenebis saZebnelad qarTveli 

kaci ar iqeqebodes, rodesac aTi aTasobiT moqalaqe quCebsa da 

saxlebSi maTxovrobs, am dros sagareo valebiT gzebis mSenebloba, 

Zveli saxlebisaTvis pirvandeli iersaxis aRdgena, Senobebis SeRebva 

da faqtobrivad potiomkinis soflebis mSenebloba ucxoelebis 

dasanaxad da TanamoqalaqeebisaTvis TvalSi nacris Sesayrelad, 

gamudmebiT uaRresad ZviradRirebuli koncertebis gamarTva ba- 

Tumidan Tbilisamde da amJamad kaxeTamdec ki mxolod da mxolod 

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, didi danaSaulia. mTavaria, Cveni qveynis 

yvela kuTxeSi arsebuli bunebrivi resursebis aTviseba, misi 

miwisa da havis Sesaferisi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis moyvana. 

samarcxvinoa, rom Cveni mosaxleoba TiTqmis mTlianad mezobeli 

qveynebidan Semotanili produqtebiT ikvebeba, Cven ki saeqportod 

TiTqmis araferi gagvaqvs. parlamentarma petre ciskariSvilma 

televiziiT gamosvlisas aRniSna, rom kaxeTis mosaxleobam yurZnis 

Cabarebis Sedegad 50 milioni lari miiRo da 20 milion lars 

kidev Rvinis gayidviT miiRebso. mevenaxeoba kaxeTis ZiriTadi dargia 

da Tu SedarebiT uxeS gaangariSebas gavakeTebT da mevenaxeobidan 

miRebul Semosavals (70 milion lars) kaxeTis mosaxleobis raodenobaze 

gavyofT, maSin kaxeTis mosaxleobis erT sulze miRebuli 

Semosavali weliwadSi 173 lars Seadgens, erT Tveze gaangariSebiT 

ki 14 lars. axla Tu imasac miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, rom vazis mosavlelad 

saWiroa energoresursebi, sasuqi, Sxam-qimikatebi, maSin 

SeiZleba glexs ori-sami laric ar darCes mogeba. amis mizezia is, 

rom glexs uaRresad iaf fasebSi uxdeba yurZnis Cabareba. yovelive


145 

es metad uaryofiT gavlenas axdens demografiul procesebze, gansakuTrebiT 

soflad. 

saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri faqtoris gadamwyveti roli mosaxleobis 

gamravlebaze naTlad aCvena saCxeris raionis Sobadobis 

donisa da mosaxleobis bunebrivi matebis maCveneblebis analizma. 

cnobili qarTveli biznesmeni biZina ivaniSvili saCxeris raionSi 

bevr sasikeTo saqmes akeTebs: xeli Seuwyo mosaxleobis dasaqmebas, 

mosaxleobas exmareba gadasaxadebis gadaxdaSi, aaSena saavadmyofo, 

romelic uzrunvelyofilia Tanamedrove samedicino teqnologiebiT, 

ganaTlebis dargis muSakebi uzrunvelyofilia maRali xelfasebiT 

da a. S. saCxeris raionSi, romlis 85,0 procenti soflis 

mosaxleobaa, Sobadobis done da mosaxleobis bunebrivi mateba 

gacilebiT maRalia, vidre imereTis sxva raionebSi. magaliTad, 2007 

wels mosaxleobis bunebriv matebas imereTis raionebidan mxolod 

saCxereSi hqonda adgili. TiTqmis aseTive viTareba iyo 2008-2010 

wlebSic. magaliTad, 2010 wels saCxeris raionis mxolod soflis 

mosaxleobis bunebrivi mateba 355 kacs Seadgenda, maSin rodesac 

mezobel WiaTuris raionSi soflad 35 kaciT meti gardaicvala, vidre 

daibada. es imasac niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos soflis mosaxleobaSi 

iseTive bunebriv matebas rom hqondes adgili, rogorsac aqvs 

saCxeris soflis mosaxleobaSi, maSin saqarTvelos soflis mosaxleoba 

2010 wels 18460 kaciT moimatebda da ara 5458 kaciT oficialuri 

monacemebis Tanaxmad. es matebac ZiriTadad qarTvelebiT 

naklebad dasaxlebul regionebze modis. 

am aspeqtiT gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Semdegi faqti. mas Semdeg, 

rac pasportidan amoiRes erovnuli kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb grafa, 

oficialurad demografiuli monacemebi erovnul WrilSi aRar 

muSavdeba. Cven ar viciT ramdeni qarTveli bavSvi daibada, ramdeni 

somexi, rusi, azerbaijaneli da a. S. erovnul WrilSi ar muSavdeba 

arc sikvdilianobis, qorwinebisa da sxva demografiuli maCveneblebi. 

muxedavad amisa, qarTveli demografebis gaangariSebiT, 2003- 

2008 wlebSi CvenTan mcxovrebi zogierTi sxva erovnebis bunebrivi 

matebis done sagrZnoblad maRalia qarTvelebis bunebrivi matebis 

donesTan SedarebiT. magaliTad, aRniSnul periodSi mosaxleobis 

yovel aTas kacze gaangariSebiT bunebrivi mateba azerbaijanelebSi 

11-12 kacs Seadgenda, maSin rodesac qarTvelebSi mosaxleobis bunebriv 

klebas hqonda adgili. 

soflad demografiuli movlenebis mimdinareobaze naTeli warmodgena 

rom viqonioT, Semdeg garemoebasac unda mivaqcioT yuradReba. 

mZime ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo ukanasknel wlebSi uaRresad


intensiuri gaxda ara marto garemigraciuli, aramed Sidamigraciuli 

procesebic. soflis mosaxleoba mainc upiratesad Sidamigraciul 

procesebSia CarTuli. 2002 wlis aRweris monacemebis 

mixedviT, wina 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi 437 232 pirma Seicvala qveyanaSi 

sacxovrebeli adgili. adamianTa umetesoba sacxovrebel adgils 

icvlida cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. 437 aTasi kacidan 

423 aTasi kaci (96,8 procenti) qarTveli iyo. amrigad, TiTqmis 

mTlianad qarTveli mosaxleobisagan icleba soflebi. aRniSnul 

9 weliwadSi saqarTveloSi sacxovrebeli Seicvala mxolod 

4309 azerbaijanelma (Sida migraciaSi monawile mosaxleobis mxolod 

1,0 procentma) da 3967 somexma (0,9 procentma). 

soflidan qalaqad migrirebulTa umetesoba axalgazrda, fertilur 

asakSi myofi qalebi arian. fertiluri asakis dasawyisad 

miCneulia 15 weli, xolo dasasrulad _ 49 weli. amrigad, fertiluri 

periodi Seadgens saSualod 35 wels. 15-49 wlebis asakSi 

myofi qalebis raodenoba 2002 wlis aRweris mixedviT qalaqad 654 

aTas, xolo soflad _ 506 aTas qals udrida. amrigad, fertilur 

asakSi qalaqad, sofelTan SedarebiT, 148 aTasi qaliT metia. amas- 

Tan, bavSvTa Sobis yvelaze ufro xelsayreli asakia 20-29 wlebi. 

dabadebul bavSvTa 60-70 procenti am asakis qalebze modis. 20-29 

wlebis asakSic qalaqad qalebi 37 aTasiT metia sofelTan SedarebiT. 

garkveulwilad qalaqad Sobadobis maRali donis erT-erTi 

ZiriTadi mizezi aRniSnuli faqtoria. ar gamovricxavT aRricxvaSi 

daSvebul Secdomebsac. 

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gamo eris sulier cxovrebaSi soflis 

roli sul ufro qveiTdeba, xolo ekonomikur cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovnad 

mcirdeba. sofeli yovelTvis kvebavda qalaqs inteleqtualuri 

ZalebiT. me-19 saukuneSi da, SeiZleba iTqvas, me-20 saukuneSic 

TiTqmis yvela Cveni gamoCenili mecnieri, mwerali, poeti, 

xelovnebisa da kulturis moRvawe warmoSobiT soflidan iyo. akaki 

wereTelic aRniSnavda: rac masSi kargi da keTili iyo, imis wyalobiT 

moxda, rom igi sofelSi aRizarda. `ymawvili, romelic ki 

sofelSi ar gazrdila, bunebaze sruliad mosxletilia. is aris 

moklebuli upirveles bednierebas. qalaqSi gazrdil bavSvs, geniosic 

rom iyos, misi maswavlebeli sityviT da naxatebiT ise ver 

gaacnobs bunebas, rogorc sofleli icnobs Tavis sakuTari naxulobiT~. 

sofelSi gazrdil adamians cxovrebasTan brZolis meti 

unaric gaaCnia.


147 

cxrili # 2 

soflis mosaxleobis wili mxareebis mTel mosaxleobaSi 

2011 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT 

mxaris mTeli 

mosaxleoba 

aTasi kaci 

soflis mosaxleoba 

aTasi kaci 

maT Soris 

soflis mosaxleobis 

wili 

mxaris mTel 

mosaxleobaSi, 

procentebiT 

saqarTvelo _ sul 4469,2 2097,9 46,9 

aWaris ar 390,6 219,3 56,1 

guria 140,3 103,3 73,6 

imereTi 704,5 368,9 52,4 

kaxeTi 406,2 322,6 79,4 

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 109,3 82,6 75,6 

raWa-leCxumi da qvemo 

svaneTi 

47,3 38,2 80,8 

samegrelo da zemo 

svaneTi 

477,1 284,9 59,7 

samcxe-javaxeTi 212,8 146,7 68,9 

qvemo qarTli 505,7 308,9 61,1 

Sida qarTli 313,0 192,1 61,4 

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebi. 

fermeruli meurneobisa da globalizaciis pirobebSi perspeqtivaSi 

soflis mosaxleoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirdeba, magram es 

arc ise axlo momavalSi moxdeba. Tu mTavar faqtors gaviTvaliswinebT, 

maSin saWiroa iTqvas, rom mTel mosaxleobaSi soflis 

mosaxleobis wili jer kidev SesamCnevad maRalia, radgan Tbilis- 

Si cxovrobs mTeli mosaxleobis 25 procenti. sabolood soflis 

mosaxleobis didi nawili ganwirulia emigraciisaTvis. saarsebo 

garemos mowyvetili adamiani saWiroa dasaqmdes qalaqebSi. amasTan, 

isic cxadia, rom mciremiwianobis pirobebSi, rodesac glexebs aqvT 

sakuTrebaSi erTi an Tundac ori-sami heqtari miwa, Tavisi ojaxis 

moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebasac ver axerxebs. regionebSi soflad 

mcxovrebi adamianebis didi nawili ase ucbad ver daTmobs sofluri


cxovrebis wess, bunebasTan kavSirs, Tavisuflebas, rasac igi sofel- 

Si grZnobs, ver daTmobs im adgilebs, sadac mis winaprebs ucxovria 

da romlis ganuyofel nawilad Tavi miaCnia. magram isic cxadia, rom 

mciremiwianobis pirobebSi, rogorc iTqva, ori an Tundac sami heqtari 

miwa, romelic glexebs sakuTrebaSi aqvT, ver uzrunvelyofs 

maTi ojaxebis saarsebo moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas. es miT 

ufro arsebiTia, rom sul ufro izrdeba sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis, 

energoresursebis, sasuqis, Sxamqimikatebis fasi. soflis 

meurneobis produqtebis rentabeluri warmoeba sul ufro metad 

SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod fermeruli meurneobis pirobebSi. 

amasTan, Seswavlili unda iqnas soflebis ekonomikuri potenciali 

gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi da uaRresad mcirericxovani 

soflebis nacvlad unda Seiqmnas SedarebiT gamsxvilebuli axali 

tipis dasaxlebebi Tavisi infrastruqturiT, romelTac SeeZlebaT 

didi farTobebis movla-patronoba. am SemTxvevaSi iqneba SenarCunebuli 

momavalSi optimaluri raodenobiT soflis mosaxleoba, 

qarTuli sofeli yvela im sikeTiT, rasac igi asrulebs qveynis 

cxovrebaSi da rac ase idealizebulia qarTvel xalxSi.

anzor ToTaZe qarTuli soflis gasaWiri qarTul sofelSi qarTulma ...

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