24.01.2013 Aufrufe

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

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Reprezentând oraşul <strong>de</strong>căzut şi<br />

<strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>nt, artiştii preferă, în <strong>de</strong>mersul<br />

lor, locurile aglomerate, cârciumile, localurile<br />

populare, târgurile, mişunând<br />

<strong>de</strong> personaje marginalizate, şomeri,<br />

flaşnetari, hingheri, câini vagabonzi<br />

etc., o lume mizeră, care trăieşte întrun<br />

perpetuu provizorat. Această categorie<br />

apare acci<strong>de</strong>ntal şi în creaţia lui<br />

<strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>, în lucrări precum Cartier proletar 4<br />

(un peisaj urban, cu cea mai accentuată<br />

notă socială din întreaga creaţie a<br />

lui <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>) şi apoi, într-un context puţin<br />

diferit, lucrarea intitulată: Piaţa <strong>de</strong> peşte<br />

din Bruges.<br />

În primul dintre tablouri, peisajul<br />

citadin <strong>de</strong>fineşte oraşul ca pustietate:<br />

piatră, ziduri, clădiri ce par nelocuite, o<br />

stradă pustie şi ea (în pofida celor câteva<br />

personaje siluete, apărând misterioase,<br />

ca nişte umbre ce se ascund) şi,<br />

mai ales, absenţa elementelor naturii,<br />

alungate din peisaj şi rămânându-i străine.<br />

În acest mediu ostil, totuşi o prezenţă<br />

aproape <strong>de</strong>rizorie, <strong>de</strong> un ridicol<br />

dureros, este plasată central: o femeie<br />

săracă, cu gesturi <strong>de</strong> om beat, singură<br />

pe strada tăcută. tabloul aminteşte<br />

<strong>de</strong> compoziţia Strigătul lui Munch, dar<br />

tensiunea din lucrarea pictorului nordic<br />

este înlocuită aici <strong>de</strong> un sentiment<br />

<strong>de</strong> neputinţă dureroasă. Este prima, şi<br />

poate cea mai sinceră exprimare a acelei<br />

dureri <strong>de</strong>venită resemnare, a acelui<br />

strigăt reprimat, crispat şi introvertit.<br />

Făcând parte din ciclul <strong>de</strong> peisaje<br />

flaman<strong>de</strong>, Piaţa <strong>de</strong> peşte din Bruges<br />

(1911) 5 este o piesă <strong>de</strong> referinţă. tabloul<br />

este structurat pe o construcţie savantă:<br />

<strong>de</strong>schisă larg în primul plan, cu<br />

linia orizontului coborâtă aproape <strong>de</strong><br />

wohner, jenes „urbane Grauen” auch in<br />

<strong>Hans</strong> <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>s Bil<strong>de</strong>rn wie<strong>de</strong>r. Es kann aus<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Leere einer ärmlichen Straße herausgelesen<br />

wer<strong>de</strong>n, aus <strong>de</strong>n verfallenen<br />

Gebäu<strong>de</strong>n, die er anscheinend mit<br />

vorliebe für seine Bil<strong>de</strong>r wählt, aus <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Abwesenheit aller schmücken<strong>de</strong>n Details<br />

<strong>de</strong>r dargestellten Winkel <strong>de</strong>r Stadt.<br />

Dann wie<strong>de</strong>r erscheinen grell gestrichene<br />

Häuser – Metaphern <strong>de</strong>r überspannten<br />

Gemütsverfassung ihrer Bewohner<br />

– in <strong>de</strong>r spannungsgela<strong>de</strong>nen o<strong>de</strong>r geheimnisvollen<br />

Atmosphäre einer beunruhigen<strong>de</strong>n<br />

Straße o<strong>de</strong>r eines Randviertels,<br />

bar je<strong>de</strong>s malerischen Elements.<br />

in ihrem Bestreben, die Stadt als<br />

<strong>de</strong>ka<strong>de</strong>nt und heruntergekommen zu<br />

zeigen, bevorzugen die Künstler in ihrer<br />

Darstellung überfüllte plätze, Kneipen,<br />

Märkte, auf <strong>de</strong>nen sich personen vom<br />

Ran<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>r Gesellschaft, Arbeitslose,<br />

Drehorgelmänner, Hun<strong>de</strong>fänger, streunen<strong>de</strong><br />

Hun<strong>de</strong> usw. drängen, ein elen<strong>de</strong>r<br />

Haufen, bloß von heute auf morgen<br />

lebend. Diese Art von Leuten kommen<br />

eher zufällig auch in <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>s Bil<strong>de</strong>rn vor,<br />

in Arbeiten wie Proletenviertel 4 (ein<br />

Stadtbild, mit <strong>de</strong>m betontesten sozialkritischen<br />

Motiv aus <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>s gesamtem<br />

Schaffen) und dann, in einem etwas an<strong>de</strong>ren<br />

Kontext, in Fischmarkt in Brügge.<br />

im ersten <strong>de</strong>r genannten Bil<strong>de</strong>r ist<br />

die Stadt eine Einö<strong>de</strong>: Steine, Mauern,<br />

scheinbar unbewohnte Gebäu<strong>de</strong>, eine<br />

ebenfalls leer scheinen<strong>de</strong> Straße (trotz<br />

<strong>de</strong>r schattenhaften Gestalten, die sich<br />

geheimnisvoll zurückziehen) und vor allem<br />

das Fehlen <strong>de</strong>r Naturelemente, die,<br />

aus <strong>de</strong>r Darstellung verbannt, sich nicht<br />

einmal erahnen lassen. inmitten dieser<br />

feindlichen Umgebung steht dann<br />

in <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>’s creation, too, in paintings<br />

like Workers’ Quarter 4 , the townscape<br />

which bears a more pronounced social<br />

accent than any of his other paintings,<br />

and, later, in a slightly different context,<br />

in Fish Market in Bruges.<br />

in the first of the two paintings,<br />

the townscape, the city is <strong>de</strong>fined<br />

as emptiness: stone walls, buildings<br />

which appear uninhabited, a street<br />

which, in spite of the silhouettes of a<br />

few misterious figures, like shadows in<br />

hiding, seems <strong>de</strong>serted and, especially,<br />

the absence of any vegetation, banned<br />

from the scenery and forever alien to it.<br />

in this hostile environment, an almost<br />

painfully ridiculous presence is placed<br />

in the middle: a poor woman, with the<br />

movements of a tippler, alone in the<br />

quiet street. the painting reminds of<br />

The Scream, but the tension in Munch’s<br />

creation is replaced by a feeling of<br />

painful helplessness. it is the first and,<br />

probably, the most honest expression<br />

of pain turned resignation, of that<br />

repressed, cramped and introverted<br />

scream.<br />

part of his Flemmish series, Fish<br />

Market in Bruges (1911) 5 is a remarkable<br />

creation. the picture is structured<br />

on an elaborate construction: wi<strong>de</strong>ly<br />

open in the foreground, with the line<br />

of the horizon brought down almost<br />

to the level of the pavement; the<br />

perspective, traced by the lines of the<br />

houses, sketched rigorously, almost<br />

geometrically, avoids any calm or<br />

<strong>de</strong>corative lines and quickly gui<strong>de</strong>s<br />

the eye towards the diagonal which<br />

ascends in the background where the<br />

buildings hin<strong>de</strong>r it. this composition

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