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Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

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eprezentare a Maicii Domnului. Urmele<br />

repictării rămân vizibile.<br />

pentru a <strong>de</strong>zlega sensul compoziţiei,<br />

<strong>de</strong>rutantă prin complexitatea şi multitudinea<br />

întrebărilor pe care le ridică,<br />

instrumentarul oferit <strong>de</strong> istoria artei<br />

este insuficient. Se impune recursul la<br />

discursul teologiei şi al filozofiei pentru<br />

a înţelege în ce fel Zeitgeist-ul începutului<br />

<strong>de</strong> secol xx a influenţat viziunea<br />

lui <strong>Hans</strong> <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>. cum să interpretăm <strong>de</strong>taşarea<br />

sau bucuria exaltată, vecină cu<br />

nebunia, a unora dintre cei care asistă<br />

la Răstignire? De ce cu toţii par să întoarcă<br />

spatele scenei? De ce figurează<br />

un autoportret în cadrul compoziţiei?<br />

Sunt întrebările la care trebuie să răspun<strong>de</strong>m<br />

pentru a <strong>de</strong>scifra mesajul înscris<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> în pictura sa.<br />

Din punct <strong>de</strong> ve<strong>de</strong>re teologic, Răstignirea<br />

are o semnificaţie ambivalentă.<br />

pe <strong>de</strong> o parte ne aflăm în faţa unui<br />

eveniment tragic: isus este trădat şi<br />

abandonat <strong>de</strong> discipoli, predat romanilor,<br />

batjocorit şi condamnat să moară<br />

ca un tâlhar. Dar Răstignirea conţine<br />

în sine şi promisiunea Învierii, miracol<br />

suprem şi fundament al creştinismului.<br />

Evi<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> privilegiază prima<br />

perspectivă. cu excepţia indiferenţilor<br />

şi nebunilor, lumea pare cuprinsă <strong>de</strong> o<br />

<strong>de</strong>znă<strong>de</strong>j<strong>de</strong> universală. Deznă<strong>de</strong>j<strong>de</strong>a,<br />

ca atitudine existenţială, o regăsim în<br />

toate variantele Răstignirii şi ale Înălţării<br />

Crucilor, întruchipată <strong>de</strong> figuri care-şi<br />

ţin capul plecat în mâini sau sunt<br />

redate în postura unei rugăciuni resemnate.<br />

Nă<strong>de</strong>j<strong>de</strong>a, în calitatea sa <strong>de</strong><br />

structură <strong>de</strong>terminantă a fiinţei umane,<br />

constituie sensul vieţii noastre.<br />

contrariul său nu poate fi <strong>de</strong>cât <strong>de</strong>z-<br />

Weise <strong>de</strong>r zeitgeist <strong>de</strong>s beginnen<strong>de</strong>n<br />

20. Jahrhun<strong>de</strong>rts <strong>Hans</strong> <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>s vision beeinflusst<br />

hat. Wie kann die Gelöstheit<br />

o<strong>de</strong>r exaltierte Freu<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>m Wahnsinn<br />

verwandt, interpretiert wer<strong>de</strong>n, die einige<br />

<strong>de</strong>r teilnehmer an <strong>de</strong>r Kreuzigung<br />

aufweisen? Warum scheinen alle <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Szene <strong>de</strong>n Rücken zu kehren? Warum<br />

erscheint ein Selbstbildnis im Rahmen<br />

<strong>de</strong>s szenischen Komposition? Das sind<br />

Fragen, auf die wir antworten müssen,<br />

um die <strong>de</strong>m Bild eingeschriebene Aussage<br />

<strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>s zu entziffern.<br />

vom theologischen Standpunkt aus<br />

hat die Kreuzigung eine ambivalente<br />

Be<strong>de</strong>utung. Einerseits geht es um ein<br />

tragisches Ereignis: Jesus wird von seinen<br />

Jüngern verraten und verlassen,<br />

<strong>de</strong>n Römern übergeben, ge<strong>de</strong>mütigt<br />

und dazu verurteilt, wie ein verbrecher<br />

zu sterben. Aber die Kreuzigung trägt<br />

zugleich auch das versprechen <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Auferstehung in sich, <strong>de</strong>s größten und<br />

grundlegen<strong>de</strong>n Wun<strong>de</strong>rs <strong>de</strong>s christentums.<br />

offensichtlich legt <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> mehr<br />

Gewicht auf die erste <strong>de</strong>r perspektiven.<br />

Mit Ausnahme <strong>de</strong>r Gleichgültigen und<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Narren scheint die Welt von einer<br />

universellen verzweiflung erfasst zu<br />

sein. Die verzweiflung als existentielle<br />

Haltung fin<strong>de</strong>n wir in allen varianten<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Kreuzigung und Kreuzaufrichtung<br />

wie<strong>de</strong>r, verkörpert durch Gestalten,<br />

die <strong>de</strong>n Kopf in ihre Hän<strong>de</strong> sinken<br />

lassen o<strong>de</strong>r in ein schicksalergebenes<br />

Gebet versunken sind. Als <strong>de</strong>terminieren<strong>de</strong><br />

Struktur <strong>de</strong>r menschlichen<br />

Wesen ist die Hoffnung Sinn gebend<br />

für unser Leben. ihr Gegenstück kann<br />

nur die verzweiflung sein, die uns das<br />

Nichts enthüllt und uns <strong>de</strong>m Grauen<br />

is ambivalent. on the one hand, we<br />

have a tragic event: Jesus is betrayed<br />

and abandoned by his disciples,<br />

han<strong>de</strong>d over to the Romans, mocked<br />

and sentenced to die like a thief. But<br />

the Crucifixion holds out the promise of<br />

Resurrection, the supreme and fundamental<br />

miracle of christia nity. it is<br />

obvious that <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> favours the first<br />

perspective. With the exception of the<br />

cold-hearted and of the insane, the<br />

whole world seems overwhelmed by<br />

<strong>de</strong>spon<strong>de</strong>ncy. Despon<strong>de</strong>ncy, embodied<br />

by the figures clutching at their<br />

heads, or <strong>de</strong>picted in the posture of<br />

meek prayer, is present in all the<br />

variants of the Crucifixion and of the<br />

Elevation of Crosses. Hope is the essence<br />

of our lives. the opposite of hope can<br />

only be <strong>de</strong>spon<strong>de</strong>ncy: it unveils the<br />

nothingness and leaves us to anxiety 11 .<br />

the above mentioned consi<strong>de</strong> rations<br />

bring us closer to the truth. All<br />

that is left to be cleared, is the pre sence<br />

of <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> himself among those who<br />

witness the Crucifixion. How do we<br />

interpret that? consi<strong>de</strong>ring the <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

of the composition and also the fact<br />

that it was later painted over, we do<br />

not think it is a pious act, as was the<br />

case of the portraits of foun<strong>de</strong>rs and<br />

commissioners which appeared in<br />

medieval paintings. Another interpretation<br />

is nee<strong>de</strong>d. the scene of the<br />

Crucifixion is only formally connected<br />

with the New testament, rather<br />

pointing to present times. the biblical<br />

episo<strong>de</strong> provi<strong>de</strong>s the pretext to<br />

comment upon one of the <strong>de</strong>fining<br />

aspects of mo<strong>de</strong>rnity: it is a “necessarily<br />

unbewitched” 12 world from which the

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