24.01.2013 Aufrufe

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

Catalog Hans Eder PDF - Muzeul de Arta Brasov

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întâmplător, în perioada în care <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong><br />

realiza prima sa compoziţie religioasă,<br />

Wilhelm Morgner, reprezentant al expresionismului<br />

renan, picta o Înălţare<br />

a Crucilor 13 . Mulţi dintre expresionişti<br />

au apelat la tematica religioasă, prin<br />

intermediul căreia îşi puteau exprima<br />

într-o manieră indirectă trăirile proprii.<br />

Amintim doar pe Max Beckmann, otto<br />

Dix sau Emil Nol<strong>de</strong>. Asistăm la o convergenţă<br />

spontană, la preluarea unor<br />

teme similare, apte să exprime neliniştile<br />

şi frământările spirituale ale unei<br />

întregi generaţii <strong>de</strong> artişti.<br />

Aşezate într-o continuitate a limbajului<br />

plastic, cele două variante ale Înălţării<br />

Crucilor 14 , pictate <strong>de</strong> <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> în primii<br />

ani <strong>de</strong> după război, se evi<strong>de</strong>nţiază prin<br />

paroxismul expresiei şi un pregnant patos<br />

tragic. concepţia monumentală, hieratismul<br />

statuar al figurilor, pensulaţia<br />

neliniştită, pasta <strong>de</strong>nsă şi tensiunea cromatică<br />

concură spre a conferi imaginilor<br />

statutul unor veritabile viziuni apocaliptice.<br />

Recursul la lugubru, prezent în<br />

varianta aflată în patrimoniul <strong>Muzeul</strong>ui<br />

Naţional Brukenthal din Sibiu, indică interesul<br />

pentru mo<strong>de</strong>lul oferit <strong>de</strong> pictura<br />

germană din secolele xv-xvi.<br />

treptat, în următoarele variante ale<br />

Răstignirii, expresia se îmblânzeşte.<br />

contribuie la această senzaţie localizarea<br />

Răstignirii în cadrul familiar al spaţiului<br />

transilvan. Martorii săi sunt acum<br />

oamenii simpli din satele transilvaniei.<br />

Dominant <strong>de</strong>vine un sentiment calm<br />

al tragicului, accentul <strong>de</strong>plasându-se<br />

<strong>de</strong> la exaltarea violentă a suferinţei<br />

spre o resemnare tăcută.<br />

Exemplară pentru această evoluţie<br />

este Răstignirea la marginea satului 15 <strong>de</strong><br />

die i<strong>de</strong>enwelt einer „verlorenen Generation”<br />

(Dan Grigorescu). Das metaphysische<br />

Angstgefühl <strong>de</strong>r expressionistischen<br />

Generation war <strong>de</strong>m von<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Mo<strong>de</strong>rne in aller Schärfe wahrgenommenen<br />

unwie<strong>de</strong>rbringlichen verlust<br />

<strong>de</strong>r göttlichen Bezugspunkte verwandt.<br />

Es ist kein zufall, dass zur gleichen<br />

zeit, als <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> an seinem ersten<br />

religiös geprägten Werk arbeitete, Wilhelm<br />

Morgner, ein vertreter <strong>de</strong>s Rheinischen<br />

Expressionismus, eine Kreuzaufrichtung<br />

13 malte. viele Expressionisten<br />

haben die religiöse thematik aufgegriffen,<br />

durch die sie ihre eigenen<br />

Gefühle auf indirekte Weise ausdrücken<br />

konnten. Es seien hier nur Max<br />

Beckmann, otto Dix o<strong>de</strong>r Emil Nol<strong>de</strong><br />

genannt. Wir wer<strong>de</strong>n zeugen einer<br />

spontanen Konvergenz, <strong>de</strong>s Übernehmens<br />

ähnlicher themen, die sich dazu<br />

eignen, die Unruhe und <strong>de</strong>n spirituellen<br />

Aufruhr einer ganzen Künstlergeneration<br />

auszudrücken.<br />

Betrachtet man sie im Kontext und<br />

bezüglich <strong>de</strong>s künstlerischen Ausdrucks,<br />

zeichnen sich die zwei varianten<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Kreuzaufrichtung 14 , die <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong> in<br />

<strong>de</strong>n ersten Nachkriegsjahren gemalt<br />

hat, durch vollkommenheit <strong>de</strong>s Ausdrucks<br />

und ein prägnantes tragisches<br />

pathos aus. Das monumentale Konzept,<br />

die statuenhafte Erstarrung <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Gestalten, die unruhige pinselführung,<br />

das dicke Auftragen <strong>de</strong>r Farbe, und die<br />

chromatische Spannung verleihen <strong>de</strong>n<br />

Bil<strong>de</strong>rn <strong>de</strong>n Status wahrhaft apokalyptischer<br />

visionen. Der Rückgriff auf das<br />

Düster-Schauerliche in <strong>de</strong>r variante<br />

aus <strong>de</strong>m Besitz <strong>de</strong>s Brukenthal-Museums<br />

in Hermannstadt/ Sibiu, <strong>de</strong>utet<br />

of paint, the chromatic turmoil, all<br />

confer the status of a veritable apocalyptic<br />

vision on the images. the appeal<br />

to the dismal, present in the variant<br />

belonging to the Brukenthal National<br />

Museum, is an indication of the interest<br />

for a mo<strong>de</strong>l which was provi<strong>de</strong>d by<br />

the 15 th -16 th century German painting.<br />

Gradually, in the next variants of the<br />

Crucifixion, the expression becomes<br />

mil<strong>de</strong>r. this sensation is enhanced by<br />

the fact that the Crucifixion is placed in<br />

the familiar background of transylvania.<br />

His witnesses are ordinary people.<br />

the calm feeling of the tragical becomes<br />

dominant and the accent shifts<br />

from the violent exaltation of suffering,<br />

towards a silent submission.<br />

the mo<strong>de</strong>l for this evolution is Crucifixion<br />

Near the Village 15 , belonging<br />

to the National Art Museum of Romania,<br />

painting which heralds the end<br />

of a stylistic stage in <strong>E<strong>de</strong>r</strong>’s religious<br />

pain tings and also the beginning of a<br />

new stage. in this new stage, the artist<br />

gra dually abandons the violent expression<br />

of expressionistic influence in<br />

favour of a stylistic approach marked<br />

by his orientation towards the New<br />

objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit); however,<br />

at least for a while, the two coexist.<br />

other expressionists down the<br />

same road in the third <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong> of the<br />

20 th century, otto Dix, Max Beckmann,<br />

and Käthe Kollwitz were won over by<br />

the aesthetics of the New objectivity.<br />

Set against the background of a<br />

magnificent alpine scenery, in the<br />

setting of a transylvanian village, the<br />

composition enhances the contrast<br />

between a <strong>de</strong>ceiving serenity and a

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